CN118119550A - 用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统 - Google Patents

用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118119550A
CN118119550A CN202180103450.1A CN202180103450A CN118119550A CN 118119550 A CN118119550 A CN 118119550A CN 202180103450 A CN202180103450 A CN 202180103450A CN 118119550 A CN118119550 A CN 118119550A
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China
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
circulation line
buffer tank
refrigerant circulation
line
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CN202180103450.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
李準埰
崔员宰
李承哲
崔鎭好
郑蕙旼
金知炫
申铉俊
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Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
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Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
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Publication of CN118119550A publication Critical patent/CN118119550A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

公开一种用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统。根据本发明的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统包括：再液化系统，设置于船舶中，以通过压缩从具有存储于其中的液化气体的存储罐产生的蒸发气体且在热交换器中执行经压缩蒸发气体与通过制冷剂循环管线循环的制冷剂之间的热交换来再液化蒸发气体；缓冲罐，待供应到船舶的公用氮气存储于其中；增压压缩器，供应有来自缓冲罐的公用氮气，且将其压缩且供应到制冷剂循环管线；以及第一加载管线，将来自缓冲罐的公用氮气供应到制冷剂循环管线同时绕过增压压缩器，其中在再液化系统停止的状态下进行初始充注期间，公用氮气利用制冷剂循环管线与缓冲罐之间的差压通过第一加载管线从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线，且由此充注制冷剂。

Description

用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，且更具体地说，涉及一种充注通过用于再液化船舶中所产生的蒸发气体的系统循环的制冷剂的制冷剂充注系统。
背景技术
天然气(natural gas)的主要成分是甲烷(methane)，且作为一种在燃烧期间几乎不或不排放环境污染物的环保燃料，始终备受关注。液化天然气(liquefied natural gas；LNG)是通过在常压下将天然气冷却到约-163℃来使其液化而获得的，且由于其体积为呈气态的天然气的体积的约1/(60)0，因此适合于海上长途运输。因此，天然气以易于存储和运输的液化天然气的形式进行存储和运输。
由于天然气在常压下在-163℃的低温温度下液化，因此LNG存储罐通常为隔热的，以将LNG维持在液态。然而，即使隔热，此类存储罐阻挡外部热的能力也是有限的。因此，由于外部热不断地传递到LNG存储罐，因此存储在LNG罐中的LNG在运输期间不断地自然蒸发，从而导致蒸发气体(boil-off gas；BOG)的产生。
LNG存储罐中的蒸发气体的连续产生增加了LNG存储罐的内部压力。如果存储罐的内部压力超出预定安全压力，那么这可能引起紧急情况，诸如存储罐破裂(rupture)。因此，需要使用安全阀从存储罐排出蒸发气体。然而，蒸发气体是一种LNG损失，且是LNG的运输效率和燃料效率的重要问题。因此，采用各种方法来处置在LNG存储罐中产生的蒸发气体。
最近，已开发出一种在燃料需求地(诸如，船舶的发动机)使用蒸发气体的方法、再液化蒸发气体且将再液化蒸发气体传回到LNG存储罐的方法以及组合这两种方法的方法且将所述方法投入使用。
发明内容
技术问题
在用于再液化船舶中所产生的蒸发气体的再液化循环中，典型可用液化方法包含使用单一混合制冷剂(single mixed refrigerant；SMR)循环的过程和使用丙烷预冷却混合制冷剂循环(Propane-precooled Mixed Refrigerant cycle；C3MR cycle)的过程。C3MR循环是单独使用丙烷制冷剂来冷却且接着使用混合制冷剂来液化和过冷天然气的过程，而SMR循环(Single Mixed Refrigerant Cycle；SMR cycle)是使用由多个成分构成的混合制冷剂来液化天然气的过程。
因此，SMR循环和C3MR循环均使用混合制冷剂。然而，如果混合制冷剂的组成归因于蒸发气体的液化期间的制冷剂损失而改变，那么这可能引起不良液化效率。因此，需要通过不断地测量混合制冷剂的组成且补充缺少的制冷剂成分来维持制冷剂的恒定组成。
用以再液化蒸发气体的替代再液化循环是使用氮气制冷剂的单一循环液化过程。
尽管与使用混合制冷剂的再液化循环相比相对低效，但使用氮气制冷剂的此类再液化循环由于氮气制冷剂的惰性特性而更安全，且由于氮气制冷剂不会发生相变而更容易应用于船舶。使用氮气制冷剂的再液化循环也需要补充氮气制冷剂，因为随着液化过程的进行，氮气制冷剂可能会损失。
图1为用于采用氮气制冷剂的再液化系统的常规制冷剂充注系统的示意性框图。
具有LNG货舱的船舶通常配备有氮气产生装置以产生待供应到船舶的公用N2，包含待供应到货舱中的隔热空间(Insulation space)的氮气。参考图1，通过空气压缩器(Aircompressor,10)和N2产生器(N2 generator,20)产生的氮气存储在缓冲罐(30)中且作为公用N2从缓冲罐供应到船舶。制冷剂充注系统还从缓冲罐(30)接收氮气且将接收到的氮气供应到再液化系统(RS)。
制冷剂充注系统包含：干燥和过滤单元(40)，接收公用N2且减小公用N2的露点(dewpoint)；增压压缩器(50)，压缩公用N2；以及库存罐(60)，接收由增压压缩器压缩的公用N2且存储公用N2。
在从再液化循环并未运行的状态到再液化循环正常运行的状态的制冷剂充注过程中，尽管再液化循环并未运行，但制冷剂充注系统从缓冲罐(30)接收公用N2，允许公用N2通过干燥和过滤单元(40)，通过增压压缩器(50)压缩公用N2，且将经压缩公用N2供应到库存罐(60)。
在再液化循环开始运行时，再液化系统逐渐加载到正常运行状态，同时用从库存罐供应到再液化系统的制冷剂循环管线的制冷剂连续地充注(load-up)。
当再液化循环达到正常运行时，取决于负载要求，通过用来自再液化系统的制冷剂充注库存罐或从库存罐排出制冷剂来调节再液化循环的负载。制冷剂的充注或排出发生在库存罐与制冷剂循环管线之间，其中取决于库存罐中的情形，可通过用通过干燥和过滤单元(40)以及增压压缩器(50)从缓冲罐(30)供应的额外氮气制冷剂充注库存罐(60)或通过将一定氮气从库存罐排放到外部大气来调整库存罐中的压力。
在对再液化系统进行降载(Load-down)时，氮气制冷剂利用制冷剂循环管线与库存罐之间的压力差从制冷剂循环管线排放到库存罐。当在再液化系统的负载降低到一定水平或更低水平时难以通过压力差从制冷剂循环排出氮气制冷剂时，氮气被发送到增压压缩器的上游侧以再压缩且接着输送到库存罐。另外，常规制冷剂充注系统包含：单独供应管，用以在再液化循环中定期补充由压缩器在再液化循环中消耗的氮气；和单独排气管线，用以在紧急情况下从再液化系统快速排放氮气制冷剂。
本发明的一方面提供一种解决方案，所述解决方案通过减少相关装置的数目实现了更紧凑和简化的制冷剂充注系统，同时确保再液化系统所需的氮气制冷剂的顺利充注或排出。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统包含：
再液化系统，提供到船舶，且通过压缩在液化气体存储罐中产生的蒸发气体且使经压缩蒸发气体与供应到热交换器同时沿着制冷剂循环管线循环的制冷剂进行热交换来再液化所述蒸发气体；
缓冲罐，存储待供应到船舶的公用N2；
增压压缩器，从缓冲罐接收公用N2，压缩接收到的公用N2且将经压缩公用N2供应到制冷剂循环管线；以及
第一加载管线，公用N2沿着所述第一加载管线从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线而不通过增压压缩器，其中在再液化系统的非运转状态下进行初始充注时，通过利用制冷剂循环管线与缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着第一加载管线将公用N2从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线，用制冷剂充注制冷剂循环管线。
制冷剂充注系统还可包含：第二加载管线，公用N2沿着所述第二加载管线通过增压压缩器从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线，其中在制冷剂充注以用于对再液化系统进行加载(load-up)时，当制冷剂循环管线中的压力高于或等于缓冲罐中的压力时，来自缓冲罐的公用N2沿着第二加载管线由增压压缩器加压且供应到制冷剂循环管线。
制冷剂充注系统可还包含：第一降载管线，从制冷剂循环管线连接到缓冲罐，且允许制冷剂沿着所述第一降载管线排出；和第二降载管线，通过增压压缩器从制冷剂循环管线连接到缓冲罐，其中，在对再液化系统进行降载(load-down)时，制冷剂利用制冷剂循环管线与缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着第一降载管线从制冷剂循环管线排出，且当缓冲罐中的压力高于或等于制冷剂循环管线中的压力时，制冷剂循环管线中的制冷剂通过增压压缩器沿着第二降载管线传回到缓冲罐。
制冷剂循环管线可具备制冷剂压缩器和膨胀器，所述制冷剂压缩器在冷却蒸发气体之后压缩从热交换器排出的制冷剂，所述膨胀器使由制冷剂压缩器压缩且已通过热交换器冷却的制冷剂膨胀和冷却，且将冷却后的制冷剂供应到热交换器；以及，在将制冷剂充注到制冷剂循环管线中时，公用N2从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线上的制冷剂压缩器的上游侧，且在对再液化系统进行降载时，制冷剂从制冷剂循环管线上的制冷剂压缩器的下游侧排放到缓冲罐。
缓冲罐可提供到氮气产生装置，所述氮气产生装置产生公用N2以供应到液化气体存储罐的隔热层、供应为用于船上压缩器的密封气体(seal gas)或供应为用于再液化系统的制冷剂。
氮气产生装置还可包含：氮气产生器，从经压缩空气产生公用N2且将所产生的公用N2输送到缓冲罐；以及空气压缩器，压缩空气且将经压缩空气供应到氮气产生器。
公用N2可从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线，而不通过将干燥器安置在氮气产生器的下游以减小公用N2的露点(dew point)或通过增加氮气产生器的含水量相关规格来进一步干燥公用N2。
有利效果
本发明提供一种制冷剂充注系统，所述制冷剂充注系统可降低初始安装成本且可通过消除对单独装置(诸如，用于制冷剂循环的干燥器和库存罐)的需要而有助于释放船舶中的空间。
另外，本发明通过减少相关装置的数目实现了更紧凑和简化制冷剂充注系统，同时通过有效利用现有装置将制冷剂充注到再液化系统中/从再液化系统排出制冷剂来确保对再液化系统的负载的顺利控制。
附图说明
图1为用于采用氮气制冷剂的再液化系统的常规制冷剂充注系统的示意性框图。
图2为根据本发明的一个实施例的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
为了充分了解本发明的操作优点和通过实践本发明实现的目标，应参考附图，所述附图示出本发明的优选实施例和其描述。
在下文中，本发明的示例性实施例将参考附图在其特征和效果方面进行详细描述。应注意，在整个说明书和附图中，相似组件将由相似附图标号表示。
在本文中所使用，术语“船舶”可指具备液化气体存储罐的任何类型的船舶。举例来说，船舶可包含自航船，诸如LNG运输船(LNG carrier)、液氢运输船以及LNG再气化船(regasification vessel；RV)，以及非自航浮式海上结构，诸如LNG浮式生产储卸(floating production storage offloading；FPSO)装置和LNG浮式存储再气化单元(floating storage regasification unit；FSRU)。
另外，本发明的实施例可应用于任何类型的液化气体的再液化循环，所述液化气体可通过在低温下液化而以液态运输且可在存储期间产生蒸发气体。举例来说，此类液化气体可包含液化石化气，诸如液化天然气(Liquefied Nature Gas；LNG)、液化乙烷气(Liquefied Ethane Gas；LEG)、液化石油气(Liquefied Petroleum Gas；LPG)、液化乙烯气(Liquefied Ethylene Gas)以及液化丙烯气(Liquefied Propylene Gas)。在以下实施例中，将使用LNG(其为典型液化气体)作为实例来描述本发明。
图2为根据本发明的一个实施例的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统的示意性框图。
根据这一实施例的制冷剂充注系统意欲有效地将制冷剂充注到船舶的再液化系统的再液化循环(也就是说，制冷循环)中，且响应于再液化循环的负载的变化而有效地补充或排出氮气制冷剂。
再液化系统(RS)通过压缩和冷却从船舶的存储罐中的液化气体产生的蒸发气体来再液化所述蒸发气体，且将再液化的蒸发气体传回到存储罐。再液化系统(RS)包含压缩蒸发气体的压缩器(未示出)、冷却经压缩蒸发气体的热交换器(未示出)、将通过热交换器冷却和再液化的蒸发气体分离成气相和液相的气液分离器等。
制冷剂循环(未示出)包含：制冷剂循环管线(未示出)，供应到热交换器的制冷剂沿着所述制冷剂循环管线循环；制冷剂压缩器(未示出)，安置于制冷剂循环管线上且压缩在冷却蒸发气体之后从热交换器排出的制冷剂；以及膨胀器(未示出)，使由制冷剂压缩器压缩且已通过热交换器冷却的制冷剂膨胀和冷却，且将冷却后的制冷剂供应到热交换器。制冷剂压缩器和膨胀器可通过公共轴杆彼此连接以形成使用来自制冷剂的膨胀的能量来压缩制冷剂的压扩器(compander)。
举例来说，氮气(N2)可用作供应到热交换器同时沿着制冷剂循环管线循环的制冷剂。
根据这一实施例的制冷剂充注系统用以将沿着制冷剂循环管线循环的氮气制冷剂供应到再液化系统(RS)的制冷剂循环或从制冷剂循环排出氮气制冷剂。
参考图2，根据这一实施例的制冷剂充注系统包含：缓冲罐(110)，存储待供应到船舶的公用N2；增压压缩器(200)，从缓冲罐接收公用N2，压缩接收到的公用N2且将经压缩公用N2供应到制冷剂循环管线；第一加载管线(UL1)，公用N2沿着所述第一加载管线从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环的制冷剂循环管线而不通过增压压缩器；以及第二加载管线(UL2)，公用N2沿着所述第二加载管线通过增压压缩器从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线。
缓冲罐(110)提供到产生和供应船舶所需的公用N2的氮气产生装置(100)，其中氮气产生装置(100)可包含：氮气产生器(120)，从经压缩空气产生公用N2且将所产生的公用N2输送到缓冲罐；和空气压缩器(130)，压缩空气且将经压缩空气供应到氮气产生器。由氮气产生装置(100)产生的氮气可供应到LNG存储罐的隔热层、供应为用于船上压缩器的密封气体或供应为用于再液化系统的制冷剂。
存储在缓冲罐中的公用N2可从缓冲罐供应到制冷剂循环管线，而不通过将单独干燥器安置在氮气产生装置的氮气产生器(120)的下游以减小公用N2的露点(dew point)或通过增加氮气产生器(120)的含水量相关规格来进一步干燥公用N2。
随着从存储罐排出的待再液化的蒸发气体的量改变，再液化系统所需的冷热的量改变。此处，制冷剂循环管线中的冷热的量和再液化系统的负载可通过以下步骤来控制：通过补充制冷剂循环中的制冷剂或通过从制冷剂循环管线排出一定制冷剂来改变沿着制冷剂循环管线的制冷剂的质量流率，同时将制冷剂压缩器中的压缩功(compression work)与膨胀器中的膨胀功(expansion work)的比率维持在固定值而不调整膨胀器的可变几何喷嘴(Variable Geometry Nozzle；VGN)。
为此目的，制冷剂从缓冲罐(110)供应到制冷剂循环管线所沿着的第一加载管线(UL1)和第二加载管线(UL2)连接到制冷剂循环管线的低压区段，也就是说，连接到制冷剂压缩器(未示出)的上游侧，以补充制冷剂循环中的制冷剂。
另外，根据这一实施例的制冷剂充注系统还包含：第一降载管线(DL1)，从制冷剂循环管线连接到缓冲罐，且允许制冷剂沿着所述第一降载管线排出；和第二降载管线(DL2)，通过增压压缩器从制冷剂循环管线连接到缓冲罐。第一降载管线和第二降载管线从制冷剂循环管线的高压区段，也就是说，从制冷剂压缩器的下游侧连接到缓冲罐(110)以将制冷剂从制冷剂循环排放到缓冲罐。
在下文中，将详细地描述根据这一实施例的制冷剂充注系统的制冷剂充注过程。首先，在再液化系统的非运转状态下进行初始充注时，当公用N2利用制冷剂循环管线与缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着第一加载管线(UL1)从缓冲罐(110)供应到再液化系统(RS)的制冷剂循环管线时，用制冷剂充注制冷剂循环管线。
当制冷剂循环管线中的制冷剂压力由于制冷剂充注而变为类似于或高于缓冲罐中的压力的水平，使得不可能利用压力差执行制冷剂的任何进一步供应时，来自缓冲罐的公用N2沿着第二加载管线(UL2)由增压压缩器(200)加压且接着供应到制冷剂循环管线。
在制冷剂充注以用于由于再液化系统所需的冷热的量的增加而对再液化系统进行加载(load-up)时，当制冷剂循环管线中的制冷剂压力处于类似于或高于缓冲罐中的制冷剂压力的水平时，来自缓冲罐(110)的公用N2沿着第二加载管线(UL2)由增压压缩器(200)加压且接着供应到制冷剂循环管线以补充制冷剂循环管线中的制冷剂。
相反地，当再液化系统由于再液化系统所需的冷热的量的减小而进行降载(load-down)时，通过利用制冷剂循环管线与缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着第一降载管线(DL1)将一定制冷剂从制冷剂压缩器的下游侧排放到缓冲罐(110)来减小沿着制冷剂循环管线的制冷剂的质量流率。当制冷剂循环管线中的压力由于制冷剂排出而变为类似于缓冲罐中的压力的水平时，制冷剂循环管线中的制冷剂沿着第二降载管线(DL2)发送到增压压缩器(200)的上游侧以由增压压缩器(200)压缩，且接着传回到缓冲罐(110)。
在制冷剂循环的运转期间，制冷剂压缩器消耗氮气。为此目的，提供单独供应管线(RSL)以将氮气从缓冲罐定期供应到制冷剂循环管线。另外，单独N2排气管线(VL)连接到制冷剂循环的制冷剂循环管线以在紧急情况下从再液化系统快速排放制冷剂。
在上文所描述，根据本发明的制冷剂充注系统可降低初始安装成本且可通过消除对单独装置(诸如，用于制冷剂循环的干燥器和库存罐等)的需要而有助于释放船舶中的空间，且可通过使用现有装置之间的压力差将制冷剂充注到再液化系统中/从再液化系统排出制冷剂来确保对再液化系统的负载的顺利控制。
尽管本文中已描述一些实施例，但本发明不限于上述实施例，且可在不脱离本发明的技术精神的情况下以各种修改或变化进行实践，如对于本发明所属领域的技术人员将显而易见。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，包括：
再液化系统，提供到船舶，且通过压缩在液化气体存储罐中产生的蒸发气体且使经压缩蒸发气体与供应到热交换器同时沿着制冷剂循环管线循环的制冷剂进行热交换来再液化所述蒸发气体；
缓冲罐，存储待供应到所述船舶的公用氮气；
增压压缩器，从所述缓冲罐接收所述公用氮气，压缩接收到的公用氮气且将经压缩公用氮气供应到所述制冷剂循环管线；以及
第一加载管线，所述公用氮气沿着所述第一加载管线从所述缓冲罐供应到所述制冷剂循环管线而不通过所述增压压缩器，
其中，在所述再液化系统的非运转状态下进行初始充注时，通过利用所述制冷剂循环管线与所述缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着所述第一加载管线将所述公用氮气从所述缓冲罐供应到所述制冷剂循环管线，用制冷剂充注所述制冷剂循环管线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，还包括：
第二加载管线，所述公用氮气沿着所述第二加载管线通过所述增压压缩器从所述缓冲罐供应到所述制冷剂循环管线，
其中，在制冷剂充注以用于对所述再液化系统进行加载(load-up)时，当所述制冷剂循环管线中的压力高于或等于所述缓冲罐中的压力时，来自所述缓冲罐的所述公用氮气沿着所述第二加载管线由所述增压压缩器加压且供应到所述制冷剂循环管线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，还包括：
第一降载管线，从所述制冷剂循环管线连接到所述缓冲罐，且允许所述制冷剂沿着所述第一降载管线排出；以及
第二降载管线，通过所述增压压缩器从所述制冷剂循环管线连接到所述缓冲罐，
其中，在对所述再液化系统进行降载(load-down)时，所述制冷剂利用所述制冷剂循环管线与所述缓冲罐之间的压力差沿着所述第一降载管线从所述制冷剂循环管线排出，且当所述缓冲罐中的压力高于或等于所述制冷剂循环管线中的压力时，所述制冷剂循环管线中的所述制冷剂通过所述增压压缩器沿着所述第二降载管线传回到所述缓冲罐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，其中：
所述制冷剂循环管线具备制冷剂压缩器和膨胀器，所述制冷剂压缩器压缩在冷却所述蒸发气体之后从所述热交换器排出的所述制冷剂，所述膨胀器使由所述制冷剂压缩器压缩且已通过所述热交换器冷却的所述制冷剂膨胀和冷却，且将冷却后的制冷剂供应到所述热交换器，
在将所述制冷剂充注到所述制冷剂循环管线中时，所述公用氮气从所述缓冲罐供应到所述制冷剂循环管线上的所述制冷剂压缩器的上游侧，且在对所述再液化系统进行降载时，所述制冷剂从所述制冷剂循环管线上的所述制冷剂压缩器的下游侧排放到所述缓冲罐。
5.根据权利要求1到权利要求4中任一项所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，其中所述缓冲罐提供到氮气产生装置，所述氮气产生装置产生公用氮气以供应到所述液化气体存储罐的隔热层、供应为用于船上压缩器的密封气体(seal gas)或供应为用于所述再液化系统的制冷剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，其中所述氮气产生装置还包括：
氮气产生器，从经压缩空气产生所述公用氮气，且将所产生的公用氮气输送到所述缓冲罐；以及
空气压缩器，压缩空气且将所述经压缩空气供应到所述氮气产生器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于船舶的再液化系统的制冷剂充注系统，其特征在于，其中所述公用氮气从所述缓冲罐供应到所述制冷剂循环管线，而不通过将干燥器安置在所述氮气产生器的下游以减小所述公用氮气的露点(dew point)或通过增加所述氮气产生器的含水量相关规格来进一步干燥所述公用氮气。
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