CN118118689A - Method, device, equipment and storage medium for determining motion vector of video coding - Google Patents

Method, device, equipment and storage medium for determining motion vector of video coding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118118689A
CN118118689A CN202410110163.9A CN202410110163A CN118118689A CN 118118689 A CN118118689 A CN 118118689A CN 202410110163 A CN202410110163 A CN 202410110163A CN 118118689 A CN118118689 A CN 118118689A
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motion vector
distortion cost
rate distortion
offset step
candidate
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代苑莹
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Bigo Technology Pte Ltd
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Bigo Technology Pte Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/56—Motion estimation with initialisation of the vector search, e.g. estimating a good candidate to initiate a search
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/567—Motion estimation based on rate distortion criteria

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for determining a motion vector of video coding, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and setting offset step sizes in each searching direction; calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost; and under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector. The method and the device have the advantages that in the process of determining the optimal motion vector of the coding block, the calculation times of rate distortion cost are effectively reduced, and the coding efficiency can be remarkably improved.

Description

Method, device, equipment and storage medium for determining motion vector of video coding
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of video coding, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for determining a motion vector of video coding.
Background
Currently, in video coding, in order to solve the problem that there is a large amount of redundancy in coded data caused by content similarity between adjacent image frames, the coded redundant data may be reduced by an inter-frame prediction method. The inter prediction predicts a current picture to be encoded from neighboring encoded pictures using the correlation in the time domain. In the current popular video coding standard, inter prediction may be a block-based motion compensation technique, where a current image frame to be coded is divided into blocks of different sizes, for a current coded block, a best matching block needs to be found in a coded image, a displacement from the best matching block to the current coded block is called a motion vector, a predicted motion vector of the current coded block can be obtained according to the motion vector of the coded block in the coded image, an encoder only needs to code a difference value between the motion vector and the predicted motion vector, and a decoder can parse the motion vector according to the difference value information. In the formal coding, a predicted motion vector list can be obtained based on the existing standard mode, the predicted motion vector of the list is selected as a searching starting point, each step length of each searching direction is traversed to obtain a corresponding motion vector, and the optimal motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost is calculated.
However, in the related art, the formal coding needs to use the first two predicted motion vectors of the predicted motion vector list obtained by the existing standard mode, set 4 search directions, set 8 step sizes in each search direction, and perform rate distortion cost calculation for 64 times according to the set search direction and step size to obtain the optimal motion vector, which consumes more time, has large data calculation amount and lower coding efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for determining a motion vector of video coding, which solve the problems of larger calculated amount, more time consumption and lower coding efficiency in video coding processing in the related technology, effectively reduce the calculated times of rate distortion cost in the process of determining the optimal motion vector of a coding block, and remarkably improve the coding efficiency.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a motion vector determining method for video coding, where the method includes:
Acquiring a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and offset step sizes in each set searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction;
Calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost;
And under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, respectively calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding, where the apparatus includes:
The acquisition module is configured to acquire a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and offset step sizes in each set searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction;
The candidate motion vector calculation module is configured to calculate the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, so as to obtain a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost;
And the optimal motion vector determining module is configured to calculate rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors at two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different searching directions, and determine the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding, including:
One or more processors;
a storage device configured to store one or more programs,
The one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method for determining motion vectors for video encoding according to the embodiments of the present application.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a non-volatile storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computer processor, are configured to perform the video-encoded motion vector determination method of embodiments of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, the predicted motion vector of the current coding block and the set offset step length in each searching direction are obtained, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction; calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost; and under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector. In the scheme, the two motion vectors with the minimum rate distortion cost are determined by preferentially performing rate distortion cost calculation on the selected candidate motion vectors, the candidate motion vectors needing rate distortion cost calculation are subjected to layered filtering, the two newly obtained motion vectors are used as search centers, and the target motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost is determined by performing adjacent search, so that the calculation times are effectively reduced, the coding quality loss is reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a motion vector determining method for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a rate-distortion cost calculation process of candidate motion vectors according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another motion vector determination method including a rate-distortion cost calculation process for candidate motion vectors according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a candidate motion vector labeling process according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of another method for determining a motion vector of video coding according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a still image determination process for determining whether an image frame to be encoded is a still image according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of another motion vector determination method including a still image determination process for determining whether an image frame to be encoded is still image according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting of embodiments of the application. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged, as appropriate, such that embodiments of the present application may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type, and are not limited to the number of objects, such as the first object may be one or more. Furthermore, in the description and claims, "and/or" means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/", generally means that the associated object is an "or" relationship.
The method for determining the motion vector of the video coding provided by the embodiment of the application can be used for determining the optimal motion vector corresponding to the coding block of the image frame in the video coding, and related application scenes can comprise: video conferencing, video telephony, live indoor, live outdoor, etc. The foregoing listed several application scenarios are merely exemplary and explanatory, and in practical applications, the motion vector determination method may also be used in video encoding in other scenarios, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
The video coding standard includes AVC, HEVC, VCC, etc., taking the Merge mode of HEVC as an example, where the Merge mode adopts an inter-frame prediction mode, and can predict a current image to be coded according to neighboring coded images, for example, divide the current image frame to be coded into blocks with different sizes, for the current coded block, it is necessary to find a best matching block in the coded image, where the displacement from the best matching block to the current coded block is called a motion vector, in the Merge mode, the predicted motion vector of the current coded block can be obtained according to the motion vector of the coded block in the coded image, and because of the similarity of neighboring blocks, the predicted motion vector can be directly used as the motion vector of the current coded block, so that motion vector difference information does not need to be transmitted, although the number of coding bits of the motion vector difference is reduced, but a larger prediction error is easily caused by inaccurate motion vectors. Therefore, in the latest VVC standard, a MMVD mode is introduced, and the MMVD mode gives a plurality of fixed-value motion vector differences, and selects an optimal motion vector difference as the motion vector difference of the current coding block, and only the index of the optimal motion vector difference in the coding motion vector difference set is needed, so that the bit number of the coding motion vector difference can be saved, and the prediction quality can be improved to a certain extent. For example, when MMVD modes are adopted, 4 search directions can be set fixedly, 8 offset step sizes are set in each direction, firstly, a predicted motion vector list is obtained by utilizing a Merge mode, the first two predicted motion vectors of the list are selected as search starting points, each offset step size in each direction is traversed to obtain a corresponding motion vector, and the optimal motion vector can be obtained by carrying out rate distortion cost calculation for 64 times according to the set search directions and step sizes, so that an optimal motion vector difference is obtained according to the optimal motion vector. The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for determining a motion vector of video coding, which aim to solve the problems of large calculated amount, more time consumption and lower coding efficiency in video coding processing in the related technology.
The execution subject of each step in the method for determining a motion vector of video coding provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a computer device, where the computer device refers to any electronic device having data computing, processing and storage capabilities, such as a mobile phone, a PC (Personal Computer ), a tablet computer, or other terminal devices, or may be a server, where the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a motion vector determining method for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S101, obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
The prediction motion vector may be a prediction result of a motion vector of a current coding block according to a motion vector of a coded block in a coded image, where the prediction motion vector may be obtained by performing motion vector prediction through an inter-frame prediction mode provided in a video coding standard, and taking a Merge mode of the HEVC standard as an example, the Merge mode may provide a prediction motion vector list including 5 selectable prediction motion vectors, where the earlier the arrangement order is, the greater the correlation between the prediction motion vector and motion information of the current coding block.
The search direction may be an optional motion direction in which motion vector search is performed with the predicted motion vector as a starting point, and the offset step may be a pixel offset in which motion vector search is performed with the predicted motion vector as a starting point. The searching direction and the original offset step may be the original setting of the inter prediction mode provided in the video coding standard, taking MMVD modes of the VCC standard as an example, the searching direction may be four directions of up, down, left and right, the original offset step may be 8 offset steps with index numbers of 0-7, the offset of pixels corresponding to each offset step is different, the offset corresponding to the offset step with index number of 0 may be 1/4 luminance pixels, the offset corresponding to the offset step with index number of 1 may be 1/2 luminance pixels, the offset corresponding to the offset step with index number of 2 may be 1 luminance pixel, and the like. The embodiment of the application can preferentially select a small amount of offset step length from the original offset step length in each search direction to carry out subsequent rate-distortion cost calculation, thereby achieving the purpose of carrying out preliminary screening on the candidate motion vectors corresponding to the original offset step length, and facilitating subsequent layered filtering of the candidate motion vectors to obtain the target motion vector.
In one embodiment, the selection number may be set, and the offset step combination corresponding to the selection number is randomly selected from the original offset step in each search direction, for example, the selection number is set to be 3, and 3 offset steps may be randomly selected from 8 offset step sizes with index numbers of 0-7 in each search direction.
In one embodiment, a target index number to be selected may be set fixedly, and a corresponding offset step length is selected from the original offset step lengths in each search direction according to the target index number, for example, in order to achieve uniform selection, the purpose that random selection may cause excessive concentration of offset step lengths is reduced, index numbers to be selected may be set to be 1,4 and 7, and when a small amount of selection is achieved, an offset range corresponding to the original offset step length may be covered as much as possible.
Of course, the developer can adaptively adjust the selection number and the selection mode of the offset step according to the requirements of different application scenes, so that the number of the offset step selected in each search direction is smaller than that of the original offset step, and the number of the offset step is within the protection scope of the application.
And S102, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
Each predicted motion vector obtained in step S101 may be used as a search starting point to repeat the subsequent rate-distortion cost calculation process, thereby determining an optimal motion vector. The offset step length obtained in step S101 can determine the candidate motion vector selected in each search direction, and perform rate distortion cost calculation on the selected candidate motion vector, so as to achieve the purpose of primarily screening the preferred candidate motion vector. The rate-distortion cost may be used to evaluate the influence of the expression of the motion vector on the video quality, involving the accuracy and data size of the motion vector. The smaller the rate distortion penalty, the less loss of video quality at a given compression ratio, or the lower the bit rate or compression rate required while maintaining relatively good video quality.
In one embodiment, to accurately calculate the rate-distortion cost, the calculation formula for the rate-distortion cost that can be selected is as follows:
J＝SSD(s,c)+λmode·Rall
Wherein, SSD (s, c) is the sum of squares of the difference between the reconstructed image and the original image, and can store all information in the current coding mode, such as, dividing mode, prediction mode number, residual coefficient, R all is the number of bits needed for coding all modes, and λ mode is the lagrangian factor.
In one embodiment, although the accuracy of the calculation based on SSD (s, c) is high in the above formula, the calculation is complex, the calculation amount is large and the time is long, so the calculation formula of the rate distortion cost of another alternative is as follows:
J＝SATD(s,p)+λmode·Rmode
Where SATD (s, p) is the sum of absolute values of residuals, R mode is the number of bits needed to encode the current mode, and λ mode is the Lagrangian factor. In the case of light weight, the accuracy is affected, and the amount of calculation can be effectively reduced.
Of course, the selection of the calculation formula for the rate distortion cost can be adaptively adjusted by a developer according to the coding precision and the calculation resources of different application scenarios, and the application is not limited herein.
Therefore, the first motion vector and the second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost are determined from the candidate motion vectors corresponding to the offset step length selected in each searching direction, and the better candidate motion vectors can be primarily filtered through smaller calculated amount, so that the encoding speed is improved. For example, the first two predicted motion vectors in the predicted motion vector list may be selected as the search start point, where the original offset step in each search direction may be 8 offset steps with index numbers 0-7, and the offset steps with index numbers 1, 4, and 7 may be selected in each search direction, then 2×4×3=24 rate distortion cost calculations may need to be performed, compared with 2×4×8=64 rate distortion cost calculation required by traversing according to the set searching direction and step length, the method can realize preliminary filtering of candidate motion vectors in a mode smaller than the original calculated amount, screens out a first motion vector and a second motion vector which are better, and effectively reduces the range required by traversing calculation.
Step S103, respectively calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
The first motion vector and the second motion vector screened in step S102 may be located in the same search direction or may be located in different search directions, and the formulation of different search strategies may be performed according to different comparison results. When the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, the first motion vector and the second motion vector can be used as search centers respectively, the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at two sides is calculated through traversal, and the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs is determined to be the optimal motion vector. And providing a final traversal calculation range through the first motion vector and the second motion vector which are superior, and finishing the determination of the optimal motion vector, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the calculation amount. For example, the first two predicted motion vectors in the predicted motion vector list may be selected as search starting points, where the original offset step in each search direction may be 8 offset step with index numbers 0-7, and the offset step with index numbers 1, 4, and 7 may be selected in each search direction, so that 2×4×3=24 rate distortion cost calculation is required to obtain the preferred first motion vector and the second motion vector. On the basis of the first motion vector and the second motion vector which are better, the rate distortion cost of candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the search direction of the first motion vector and the second motion vector is continuously calculated, and2 multiplied by 7=28 times of rate distortion cost calculation is needed, so that the total obtained optimal motion vector needs to be subjected to 24+28=52 times of rate distortion cost calculation.
The calculating the rate-distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at both sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector may be calculating the rate-distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors one by one with the first motion vector and the second motion vector as the center along the direction in which the offset increases, and in order to further reduce the number of times of calculation, a traversal stop condition may be set.
In one embodiment, since the purpose of the search calculation is to determine whether there is any candidate motion vector with a rate-distortion cost smaller than the first motion vector and the second motion vector, the rate-distortion cost can be compared with the rate-distortion cost obtained by the previous calculation when the new candidate motion vector is obtained by each calculation, if there is no trend to decrease, the rate-distortion cost obtained by the subsequent calculation is higher than the current minimum rate-distortion cost, so that the traversal calculation can be stopped, and the optimal motion vector can be determined in the candidate motion vectors with the calculated rate-distortion cost, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the calculation times.
In one embodiment, the total number of times of traversal calculation can be set, and when the rate distortion cost calculation is performed on the candidate motion vectors on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector to reach the total number of times of traversal calculation, the calculation can be stopped, the number of times of calculation is controlled within a reasonable range, and the speed of determining the optimal motion vector is improved.
Of course, the developer can adaptively adjust the traversing stop condition according to the requirements of different application scenes, and the application is not limited.
As can be seen from the above, by obtaining the predicted motion vector of the current coding block and the set offset step sizes in each search direction, the number of offset step sizes is smaller than the number of original offset step sizes in the search direction; calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost; and under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector. In the scheme, the two motion vectors with the minimum rate distortion cost are determined by preferentially performing rate distortion cost calculation on the selected candidate motion vectors, the candidate motion vectors needing rate distortion cost calculation are subjected to layered filtering, the two newly obtained motion vectors are used as search centers, and the target motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost is determined by performing adjacent search, so that the calculation times are effectively reduced, the coding quality loss is reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a rate-distortion cost calculation process of candidate motion vectors according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S201, obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
Step S202, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
Step S203, when the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, calculating rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors of set step sizes on both sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively.
The set step may be a pixel offset for performing motion vector search using the predicted motion vector as a starting point, and the offset setting of the set step may be identical to the original offset step or a newly set offset, which is not limited herein. Under the condition that the offset setting of the set step length can be consistent with the original offset step length, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors of the set step length at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector is equivalent to calculating other candidate motion vectors except the first motion vector and the second motion vector in the corresponding original offset step length. Alternatively, the first motion vector and the second motion vector may be used as new search centers, and the rate-distortion cost of each candidate motion vector may be calculated in the direction in which the offset increases until all candidate motion vectors corresponding to the original offset step are covered.
And step S204, under the condition that the calculated rate distortion cost meets the reduced trend condition, continuously calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to the offset step length along the searching direction of the reduced trend until the reduced trend condition is not met.
The reducing trend condition may be that the rate distortion cost obtained by current calculation is smaller than the rate distortion cost obtained by previous calculation, and the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector is determined one by one along the increasing direction of the offset in the new search center by taking the first motion vector or the second motion vector, so as to determine whether the candidate motion vector with the rate distortion cost smaller than the first motion vector and the second motion vector with better rate distortion cost exists, thus, taking the first motion vector as the search center as an example, firstly calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors adjacent to two sides, and if the rate distortion cost is larger than the rate distortion cost of the first motion vector, indicating that the rate distortion cost obtained by subsequent calculation is likely to be larger than the rate distortion cost of the first motion vector, and stopping calculation in time if the reducing trend is not satisfied; if the rate-distortion cost is smaller than the rate-distortion cost of the first motion vector, the fact that the rate-distortion cost obtained by subsequent calculation is likely to still be smaller than the rate-distortion cost of the first motion vector is indicated, the reduction trend is met, the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector with the set step length can be continuously calculated along the direction of increasing the offset until the rate-distortion cost obtained by current calculation is larger than the rate-distortion cost obtained by previous calculation, and the calculation can be regarded as not meeting the condition of the reduction trend. Compared to the embodiment of fig. 1, the rate-distortion cost of calculating candidate motion vectors on both sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector may be further reduced without traversing.
Step S205, the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs is determined as the optimal motion vector.
According to the method, in the process of traversing and calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors on the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector, the judgment of whether the trend reduction condition is met is added, the rate distortion costs of all candidate motion vectors with set step length do not need to be traversed and calculated, the rate distortion costs are effectively filtered and are larger than those of the candidate motion vectors of the first motion vector and the second motion vector which are superior, the calculation times of the rate distortion costs are effectively reduced, and the coding rate is remarkably improved.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of another motion vector determination method including a rate-distortion cost calculation process for candidate motion vectors according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S301, obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
And step S302, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
Step S303, when the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, calculating rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors of set step sizes on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively.
And step S304, under the condition that the calculated rate distortion cost meets the reduced trend condition, continuously calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to the offset step length along the searching direction of the reduced trend until the reduced trend condition is not met.
Step S305, terminating the calculation of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector when the calculated rate-distortion cost does not satisfy the reduced trend condition.
And step S306, determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
According to the method, the calculation of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors with the set step length on the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector is completed under the condition that the reducing trend condition is met, the calculation of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors is stopped in advance under the condition that the reducing trend condition is not met, the unidirectional change rule of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors in the same searching direction is effectively utilized, the traversal calculation range is shortened, and the calculation times of the rate-distortion cost are reduced.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a candidate motion vector labeling process according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S401, obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step is smaller than that of the original offset step in the searching direction.
And step S402, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
Step S403, marking the candidate motion vector of the calculated rate distortion cost.
The candidate motion vectors with calculated rate distortion cost may exist in the candidate motion vectors on both sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector which need to be calculated in the subsequent step, so that the candidate motion vectors with calculated rate distortion cost can be marked, the candidate motion vectors with calculated rate distortion cost can be skipped in the subsequent step, and unnecessary calculation times are avoided from being increased due to repeated calculation of the rate distortion cost of the same candidate motion vector. Alternatively, the candidate motion vector with the rate-distortion cost calculated may be marked by recording a corresponding offset or a step index of the offset step, which is not limited in this disclosure.
Step S404, when the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, calculating rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors of set step sizes on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively.
And step S405, under the condition that the calculated rate distortion cost meets the reduced trend condition, continuously calculating the rate distortion cost of the unmarked candidate motion vector in the corresponding offset step along the searching direction of the reduced trend until the reduced trend condition is not met.
The first motion vector and the second motion vector are motion vectors with the minimum rate distortion cost in the calculated candidate motion vectors, so that the calculated candidate motion vectors can be skipped from the candidate motion vectors on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost, and the unlabeled candidate motion vectors are directly subjected to the rate distortion cost calculation, so that unnecessary calculation amount is reduced, and the coding speed is improved.
And step S406, determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
By marking the candidate motion vectors with the calculated rate distortion cost in the process of layering and filtering the candidate motion vectors, repeated calculation of the rate distortion cost of the same candidate motion vector is avoided, unnecessary calculation is effectively reduced, the traversing searching process is accelerated, and the coding efficiency is improved.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of another method for determining a motion vector of video coding according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the method comprises the following steps:
step S501, obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
Step S502, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
In step S503, when the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, rate-distortion costs of candidate motion vectors on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector are calculated respectively, and the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs is determined as the optimal motion vector.
In step S504, in the case that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in the same search direction, a motion vector with a smaller rate distortion cost in the first motion vector and the second motion vector is determined as the motion vector to be calculated.
The first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in the same search direction, the optimal motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost is located in the search direction, the probability of being located in the adjacent position of the first motion vector and the second motion vector is high, and the candidate motion vector in the search direction can be used as an object for calculating the rate distortion cost in the next step. Firstly, a motion vector with smaller rate distortion cost in the first motion vector and the second motion vector is determined as a motion vector to be calculated, and the optimal motion vector can be the motion vector to be calculated or a candidate motion vector adjacent to the motion vector to be calculated.
Step S505, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors adjacent to the motion vector to be calculated.
And step S506, determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
By judging whether the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in the same search direction or not, the possible distribution positions of the optimal motion vector are determined, the traversal calculation range after the first motion vector and the second motion vector are primarily screened is reasonably selected, the method is effectively suitable for the primary screening result to carry out calculation times to different degrees, and the coding efficiency is improved.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a motion vector determination method including a still image determination process for determining whether an image frame to be encoded is still image according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 6, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S601, acquiring pre-coding information corresponding to each coding block in the image frame to be coded, determining a statistical characteristic value of the image frame to be coded based on the pre-coding information, and determining whether the image frame to be coded is a static image according to the statistical characteristic value.
Before formal coding, the video to be coded may be subjected to pre-coding processing, and in the pre-coding processing, a plurality of continuous images of the video to be coded are cached, downsampled, and a prediction mode in formal coding, such as motion estimation, is simulated to obtain pre-coding information of a block to be coded of an image frame to be coded. By the pre-coding information corresponding to each coding block in the image frame to be coded, whether the image frame to be coded has motion change relative to the front frame and the rear frame can be judged. The statistical characteristic value may be a data distribution characteristic for reflecting whether there are a large number of blocks to be encoded in the image frame to be encoded that require encoding of a large data amount, or alternatively, the statistical characteristic value may be a result of performing statistical calculation on a rate distortion cost of the encoded block, for example, a mean and a variance of intra-frame rate distortion costs of the encoded block, a mean and a variance of inter-frame rate distortion costs of the encoded block, and the like, which is not limited herein. The statistical characteristic value can be used for determining whether the image frame to be encoded has a large number of changed encoding blocks relative to the previous and subsequent frames, so as to judge whether the image frame to be encoded is a static image.
Step S602, under the condition that the image frame to be encoded is not a static image, obtaining a predicted motion vector of the current encoding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
In the case that the image frame to be encoded is a still image, the motion vector of the current encoding block is likely to be zero, so that the determination of the optimal motion vector is not needed, and the subsequent calculation process can be skipped; in contrast, in the case that the image frame to be encoded is not a still image, the determination of the optimal motion vector is required for the current encoding block, so that the encoding quality is improved, the calculated amount is reduced, and the encoding efficiency is improved.
Step S603, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost.
Step S604, respectively calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
By determining the statistical characteristic value of the image frame to be encoded by referring to the pre-encoding information, whether the image frame to be encoded has motion change relative to the previous and next frames or not can be effectively determined by combining the data distribution characteristics of the pre-encoding information of the encoding blocks, so that whether an optimal motion vector determining process for determining the motion vector difference is skipped or not is determined, unnecessary motion vector difference encoding is reduced, and the encoding speed is improved.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of another motion vector determination method including a still image determination process for determining whether an image frame to be encoded is still image according to an embodiment of the present application. The precoding information includes intra-frame rate distortion cost information and inter-frame rate distortion cost information, and the statistical characteristic value includes a mean and/or a variance, as shown in fig. 7, including the following steps:
step S701, acquiring pre-coding information corresponding to each coding block in the image frame to be coded, determining a statistical characteristic value of the image frame to be coded based on the pre-coding information, and comparing the average value and/or the variance with a corresponding set comparison threshold value to determine whether the image frame to be coded is a static image.
Based on the mean value and variance of the intra-frame rate distortion cost and the inter-frame rate distortion cost of all the encoding blocks in the image frame to be encoded, the motion change condition of the image frame to be encoded relative to the adjacent frame can be effectively judged, the comparison threshold value can be a critical value for judging the motion change of the image frame to be encoded relative to the adjacent frame to reach the degree of encoding, and when the mean value and/or variance is smaller than the corresponding comparison threshold value, the motion change of the image frame to be encoded relative to the adjacent frame can be regarded as small, and the determination process of the optimal motion vector is not needed.
Step S702, under the condition that the image frame to be encoded is not a static image, obtaining a predicted motion vector of the current encoding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step lengths is smaller than that of the original offset step lengths in the searching direction.
Step S703, calculating the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step set in each search direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a search starting point, to obtain a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate-distortion cost.
Step S704, respectively calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
According to the method, the mean value and/or the variance are calculated based on the intra-frame rate distortion cost information and the inter-frame rate distortion cost information in the pre-coding information corresponding to the image frame to be coded, so that the motion change condition of the image frame to be coded compared with that of the adjacent frame can be accurately reflected, the determination process of whether to skip the optimal motion vector is reasonably selected, and effective reference is provided for improving the coding efficiency.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application, where the apparatus is configured to execute the motion vector determining method for video coding according to the foregoing embodiment, and has functional modules and beneficial effects corresponding to the executing method. As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus includes:
An obtaining module 101, configured to obtain a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and a set offset step in each search direction, where the number of offset step is smaller than the number of original offset step in the search direction;
The candidate motion vector calculation module 102 is configured to calculate a rate distortion cost of a candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step set in each search direction by taking a predicted motion vector as a search starting point, so as to obtain a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost;
The optimal motion vector determining module 103 is configured to calculate rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors on two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determine the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector when the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different search directions.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and setting offset step sizes in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction; calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost; and under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector. In the scheme, the two motion vectors with the minimum rate distortion cost are determined by preferentially performing rate distortion cost calculation on the selected candidate motion vectors, the candidate motion vectors needing rate distortion cost calculation are subjected to layered filtering, the two newly obtained motion vectors are used as search centers, and the target motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost is determined by performing adjacent search, so that the calculation times are effectively reduced, the coding quality loss is reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved.
In one possible embodiment, the optimal motion vector determination module 103 is further configured to:
Calculating the rate distortion cost of candidate motion vectors with set step sizes at two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively;
And under the condition that the calculated rate-distortion cost meets the reduced trend condition, continuously calculating the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to the offset step length along the searching direction of the reduced trend until the reduced trend condition is not met.
In one possible embodiment, the optimal motion vector determination module 103 is further configured to:
and under the condition that the calculated rate-distortion cost does not meet the reduction trend condition, terminating the calculation of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector.
In one possible embodiment, the method further comprises a motion vector marking module configured to:
marking candidate motion vectors of the calculated rate distortion cost;
accordingly, the optimal motion vector determination module 103 is further configured to:
And continuing to calculate the rate distortion cost of the unlabeled candidate motion vector in the corresponding offset step along the searching direction of the decreasing trend.
In a possible embodiment, the method further comprises a second optimal motion vector determination module configured to:
Under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in the same searching direction, determining the motion vector with smaller rate distortion cost in the first motion vector and the second motion vector as the motion vector to be calculated;
calculating the rate distortion cost of candidate motion vectors adjacent to the motion vector to be calculated;
And determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
In one possible embodiment, the image change determining module is further configured to:
Acquiring pre-coding information corresponding to each coding block in an image frame to be coded, determining a statistical characteristic value of the image frame to be coded based on the pre-coding information, and determining whether the image frame to be coded is a static image according to the statistical characteristic value;
Accordingly, the acquisition module 101 is further configured to:
In the case where the image frame to be encoded is not a still image, a predicted motion vector of the current encoding block and an offset step in each search direction set are acquired.
In a possible embodiment, the precoding information includes intra-frame rate distortion cost information and inter-frame rate distortion cost information, the statistical feature value includes a mean and/or a variance, and the image change judging module is further configured to:
And comparing the mean value and/or the variance with a corresponding set comparison threshold value to determine whether the image frame to be encoded is a static image.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a motion vector determining apparatus for video coding according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus includes a processor 201, a memory 202, an input device 203, and an output device 204; the number of processors 201 in the device may be one or more, one processor 201 being taken as an example in fig. 9; the processor 201, memory 202, input devices 203, and output devices 204 in the apparatus may be connected by a bus or other means, for example in fig. 9. The memory 202 is a computer readable storage medium and may be configured to store a software program, a computer executable program, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the video coding motion vector determination method in the embodiment of the present application. The processor 201 executes various functional applications of the apparatus and data processing, i.e., implements the above-described motion vector determination method of video encoding, by running software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 202. The input device 203 may be configured to receive input numeric or character information and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the apparatus. The output device 204 may include a display device such as a display screen.
The embodiments of the present application also provide a non-volatile storage medium containing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computer processor, are configured to perform a method of motion vector determination for video encoding as described in the above embodiments, comprising: acquiring a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and offset step sizes in each searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction; calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with minimum rate distortion cost; and under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the motion vector determining apparatus for video encoding described above, each unit and module included are only divided according to the functional logic, but not limited to the above-described division, as long as the corresponding functions can be implemented; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are also only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not configured to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
In some possible embodiments, aspects of the method provided by the present application may also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes a program code configured to cause a computer device to perform the steps of the method according to the various exemplary embodiments of the present application described in the present specification when the program product is run on the computer device, for example, the computer device may perform the video coding motion vector determination method described in the embodiments of the present application. The program product may be implemented using any combination of one or more readable media.

Claims (11)

1. A method for determining a motion vector for video coding, comprising:
Acquiring a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and offset step sizes in each set searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction;
Calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, and obtaining a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost;
And under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in different searching directions, respectively calculating the rate distortion costs of the candidate motion vectors at the two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector, and determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating rate-distortion costs of candidate motion vectors on both sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector, respectively, comprises:
calculating the rate distortion cost of candidate motion vectors with set step sizes at two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively;
And under the condition that the calculated rate-distortion cost meets the reduced trend condition, continuously calculating the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to the offset step length along the searching direction of the reduced trend until the reduced trend condition is not met.
3. The method for determining a motion vector for video coding according to claim 2, further comprising:
and under the condition that the calculated rate-distortion cost does not meet the trend-reduction condition, terminating the calculation of the rate-distortion cost of the candidate motion vector.
4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, after said calculating a rate distortion cost for each candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step set in each search direction:
marking candidate motion vectors of the calculated rate distortion cost;
correspondingly, the calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to the offset step along the searching direction of the decreasing trend further comprises the following steps:
And continuing to calculate the rate distortion cost of the unlabeled candidate motion vector in the corresponding offset step along the searching direction of the decreasing trend.
5. The method for motion vector determination for video coding according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
determining a motion vector with smaller rate distortion cost in the first motion vector and the second motion vector as a motion vector to be calculated under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are positioned in the same searching direction;
Calculating the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vectors adjacent to the motion vector to be calculated;
And determining the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate-distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising, before said obtaining the predicted motion vector of the current coding block and setting the offset step in each search direction:
Acquiring pre-coding information corresponding to each coding block in an image frame to be coded, determining a statistical characteristic value of the image frame to be coded based on the pre-coding information, and determining whether the image frame to be coded is a static image according to the statistical characteristic value;
correspondingly, the obtaining the predicted motion vector of the current coding block and the set offset step length in each searching direction comprises the following steps:
And under the condition that the image frame to be encoded is not a static image, acquiring a predicted motion vector of the current encoding block and a set offset step length in each searching direction.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pre-coding information includes intra rate distortion cost information and inter rate distortion cost information, the statistical feature value includes a mean and/or a variance, and the determining whether the image frame to be encoded is a still image according to the statistical feature value includes:
And comparing the mean value and/or the variance with a corresponding set comparison threshold value to determine whether the image frame to be encoded is a static image.
8. A motion vector determination apparatus for video coding, comprising:
The acquisition module is configured to acquire a predicted motion vector of a current coding block and offset step sizes in each set searching direction, wherein the number of the offset step sizes is smaller than that of original offset step sizes in the searching direction;
The candidate motion vector calculation module is configured to calculate the rate distortion cost of the candidate motion vector corresponding to each offset step length set in each searching direction by taking the predicted motion vector as a searching starting point, so as to obtain a first motion vector and a second motion vector with the minimum rate distortion cost;
And the optimal motion vector determining module is configured to calculate rate distortion costs of candidate motion vectors at two sides of the first motion vector and the second motion vector respectively under the condition that the first motion vector and the second motion vector are located in different searching directions, and determine the smallest candidate motion vector in all the calculated rate distortion costs as the optimal motion vector.
9. A motion vector determination apparatus for video encoding, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; a storage device configured to store one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the video encoded motion vector determination method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A non-transitory storage medium storing computer executable instructions which, when executed by a computer processor, are configured to perform the video encoded motion vector determination method of any of claims 1-7.
11. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the video coding motion vector determination method of any of claims 1-7.
CN202410110163.9A 2024-01-25 2024-01-25 Method, device, equipment and storage medium for determining motion vector of video coding Pending CN118118689A (en)

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