CN118101074B - Atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution - Google Patents

Atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution Download PDF

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CN118101074B
CN118101074B CN202410524529.7A CN202410524529A CN118101074B CN 118101074 B CN118101074 B CN 118101074B CN 202410524529 A CN202410524529 A CN 202410524529A CN 118101074 B CN118101074 B CN 118101074B
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laser
frequency
atomic
quantum key
spectrum
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CN118101074A (en
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任志强
韩玄
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Wuhan Institute Of Quantum Technology
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Wuhan Institute Of Quantum Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an atomic spectrum frequency locking method for quantum key distribution irrelevant to measuring equipment, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the wavelength of the laser at the Alice end and the Bob end to 1549.0971nm wave band in the fine energy level of the xenon atom; the laser emitted by the laser is reflected by the reflecting mirror after entering the xenon atomic pool and returns to the xenon atomic pool, so that a saturated absorption spectrum is formed and received by the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector feeds back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum to the laser; the laser locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atoms 5d-6p, and emits the frequency-stabilized laser of 1549nm wave band at the current laser frequency; the frequency-stabilized laser is modulated into the needed high-frequency laser through the amplitude modulator, quantum key information is loaded through the phase modulator, and the high-frequency laser is attenuated to the quantum level through the attenuator, so that quantum signal light is formed. The invention can realize frequency locking without occupying classical channels.

Description

Atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution
Technical Field
The invention relates to quantum communication, in particular to an atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution.
Background
Quantum key distribution is an important branch of quantum market application, and plays an important role in promoting communication security. In 1984, the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol was first proposed by Charles H, bennett and Canadian crypt-Cookicians Gilles Brassard, however, the possibility of information leakage was created due to imperfections in the use of devices in the BB84 protocol. By 2012 Hoi-Kwong long professor et al, proposed a measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol (MDI-QKD), shutting down the security issues of the Charlie's measurement device. Quantum key distribution has increased terrestrial quantum communication distances from tens of kilometers to thousands of kilometers.
With the increase of the quantum communication distance, the requirements on the light source of the emitting end are increased. In the original BB84 protocol, the wavelength jitter of the laser is just within 2nm, and the jitter to the device-independent quantum key distribution wavelength today needs to be in the MHz range.
In the quantum key distribution protocol irrelevant to the measuring equipment, the average interference contrast can be estimated, the interference contrast is required to be reduced within 0.01, and the laser frequency difference required by corresponding different pulse lengths is required to meet the following requirements: . Wherein, Is the frequency difference of the wavelengths between Alice and Bob,Pulse length set for the laser. Thus, when setting the laser pulse repetition frequencyWhen reaching GHz, according to the relation between the repetition frequency of the laser and the pulse length: the frequency difference of the laser between Alice and Bob is in the MHz range, which fully satisfies the requirements.
In the prior quantum key distribution system irrelevant to measuring equipment, a beat frequency mode is mostly adopted for stabilizing the frequency, namely, light emitted by a laser of Alice is locked on a laser of Bob, or light emitted by a third laser is respectively locked on the lasers of Alice and Bob by utilizing the third laser, so that the laser frequencies of Alice and Bob are relatively stabilized at the kHz level. Using this approach is relatively simple, but this would take up classical channel resources in quantum communications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an atomic spectrum frequency locking method and system for measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution, which do not occupy classical channel resources in quantum communication.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution is provided, comprising the following steps:
Adjusting the wavelength of the laser at the Alice end and the Bob end to 1549.0971nm wave band in the fine energy level of the xenon atom;
the laser emitted by the laser is reflected by the reflecting mirror after entering the xenon atomic pool and returns to the xenon atomic pool, so that a saturated absorption spectrum is formed and received by the photoelectric detector;
The photoelectric detector feeds back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum to the laser;
The laser of Alice end and Bob end locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atom 5d-6p, and emits the frequency-stabilized laser of 1549nm wave band with the current laser frequency;
The frequency-stabilized laser is modulated into laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800ps through an amplitude modulator, quantum key information is loaded through a phase modulator, and the laser is attenuated to the quantum level through an attenuator, so that quantum signal light is formed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the scanning range of the laser is gradually reduced from the maximum before the frequency stabilization, and the scanning range is adjusted to 0 after the maximum absorption peak is found.
By adopting the technical scheme, the frequency jitter of the lasers at the Alice end and the Bob end is controlled within 10MHz by utilizing a saturated absorption spectrum frequency locking mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reflecting mirror is adjusted to enable incident light and reflected light to coincide.
With the above technical solution, quantum signal light emitted from Alice end and Bob end is finally combined at Charlie end for detection.
The invention also provides an atomic spectrum frequency locking device for measuring device independent quantum key distribution, which is used for Alice end and Bob end and comprises the following components:
the laser is provided with scanning and frequency stabilization functions and is used for emitting laser light in a specific wavelength range;
The isolator is connected with the laser and used for preventing reflected light from being transmitted back to the laser;
The first beam splitter is connected with the isolator and used for splitting laser; one of the beams of laser is used for modulating quantum signal light, and the other beam of laser is used for stabilizing frequency;
the second beam splitter is connected with the first beam splitter and is used for splitting the input light again;
a xenon atomic pool connected with one output end of the second beam splitter, and irradiating laser on 129 Xe atoms;
the reflecting mirror is used for reflecting emergent light in the xenon atomic pool back to the xenon atomic pool to form a saturated absorption spectrum;
The photoelectric detector is connected with the other output end of the second beam splitter and the laser and is used for feeding back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum of the xenon atomic pool to the laser so that the laser locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atoms 5d-6p and emits frequency-stabilized laser in the 1549nm wave band at the current laser frequency;
The amplitude modulator is connected with one output end of the first beam splitter and used for modulating the frequency-stabilized laser into the laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800 ps;
the phase modulator is connected with the amplitude modulator and is used for loading quantum key information to the frequency stabilized laser after the frequency hopping through phase modulation;
and the attenuator is connected with the phase modulator and used for attenuating the modulated laser loaded with the quantum key information to a quantum level to form quantum signal light.
With the technical scheme, the reflecting mirror can be adjusted in a rotating way.
The invention also provides a quantum key distribution system irrelevant to the measuring equipment, which comprises an Alice end and a Bob end for quantum communication, and the lasers of the quantum key distribution system are all frequency-locked by utilizing an atomic spectrum frequency locking method.
The technical scheme is that the device further comprises a Charlie end, and the Charlie end is used for combining and detecting quantum signal lights emitted by the Alice end and the Bob end.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the frequency stabilization of the laser by utilizing the frequency locking mode of the saturated absorption spectrum of xenon atoms, can realize the frequency locking without occupying classical channels under specific heavy frequency, is suitable for 1550nm signal light, and can meet the requirement of the laser frequency stability in the MDI-QKD protocol with the pulse width of 800 ps.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a quantum key distribution system for measuring device independence in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomic spectrum frequency locking device for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of the invention are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concepts of the invention, and thus only the components related to the invention are shown in the drawings, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
In the present application, it should also be noted that, as terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like are used, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated apparatus or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, are used for descriptive and distinguishing purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance.
The invention mainly provides a frequency locking mode of a saturated absorption spectrum of a laser at a transmitting end in a quantum key distribution protocol which is applicable to measuring equipment with a repetition frequency up to 1GHz and a pulse width of 800ps, wherein the frequency locking mode is a simple frequency locking mode which utilizes the saturated absorption spectrum of xenon atoms and does not occupy classical channels under specific repetition frequency.
The system comprises an Alice end and a Bob end which are in quantum communication, and the lasers of the system are frequency-locked by utilizing an atomic spectrum frequency locking method of the embodiment.
Further, the system also comprises a Charlie end, which is used for combining and detecting the quantum signal light emitted by the Alice end and the Bob end.
In the quantum key distribution protocol irrelevant to the measurement device, an Alice end and a Bob end are respectively two parties of quantum communication, and quantum light is sent to Charlie. As shown in fig. 1, alice end and Bob end are the transmitting ends. The laser is a semiconductor 1550nm laser, and the wavelength of the laser is generally stable within 2nm for a long time. In this protocol, alice-side and Bob-side lasers produce laser light at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The Alice and Bob terminals include modulators and attenuators in addition to lasers. The modulator further comprises an Amplitude Modulator (AM) for modulating the pulse laser frequency, the repetition frequency of the laser emergent light is modulated to be 1GHz, the pulse width is 800ps, and the modulator further comprises a Phase Modulator (PM) for loading coded information and used for loading quantum state information. The optical power is then attenuated to a single photon level with an attenuator, producing quantum light. And finally, combining beams at the Charlie end for quantum signal detection.
From the formulaIt is possible to obtain a solution,At 800ps, the relative frequency difference between the two lasers is required to be less than 940MH. The frequency jitter of the Alice end and the Bob end lasers is simultaneously smaller than 470MHz by using a saturated absorption spectrum frequency locking mode, so that the requirements can be met.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, which is an atomic spectrum frequency locking device for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution, for Alice end and Bob end, and is for implementing the atomic spectrum frequency locking method of the following embodiment. The device mainly comprises a frequency stabilization laser, an amplitude modulator, a phase modulator and an attenuator.
The frequency stabilization laser comprises a laser, an isolator, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a xenon atomic pool, a reflecting mirror and a photoelectric detector. Specifically, wherein:
the laser is provided with scanning and frequency stabilization functions and is used for emitting laser light in a specific wavelength range;
The isolator is connected with the laser and used for preventing reflected light from being transmitted back to the laser;
The first beam splitter is connected with the isolator and used for splitting laser; one of the beams of laser is used for modulating quantum signal light, and the other beam of laser is used for stabilizing frequency;
the second beam splitter is connected with the first beam splitter and is used for splitting the input light again;
a xenon atomic pool connected with one output end of the second beam splitter, and irradiating laser on 129 Xe atoms;
the reflecting mirror is used for reflecting emergent light in the xenon atomic pool back to the xenon atomic pool to form a saturated absorption spectrum;
The photoelectric detector is connected with the other output end of the second beam splitter and the laser and is used for feeding back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum of the xenon atomic pool to the laser so that the laser locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atoms 5d-6p and emits frequency-stabilized laser in the 1549nm wave band at the current laser frequency;
The amplitude modulator is connected with one output end of the first beam splitter and used for modulating the frequency-stabilized laser into the laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800 ps;
the phase modulator is connected with the amplitude modulator and is used for loading quantum key information to the frequency stabilized laser after the frequency hopping through phase modulation;
and the attenuator is connected with the phase modulator and used for attenuating the modulated laser loaded with the quantum key information to a quantum level to form quantum signal light.
Therefore, the invention adopts the energy level of atoms and molecules which are not interfered by the outside as an absolute spectrum, and selects the saturated absorption spectrum of Xe atoms. Specifically, a wavelength of xenon atoms (129 Xe) is 15.0971 nm as a saturated absorption spectrum wavelength, and hydrogen cyanide is also used as a substance of the saturated absorption spectrum, but hydrogen cyanide is extremely toxic. Xenon atomic energy level ofAs the fine energy level, a 1549nm band in the ultra-fine energy level is then selected, and then the ultra-fine energy level with the strongest signal, that is, the required energy level is selected when the band is scanned by a laser. The frequency jitter of the semiconductor laser is smaller than 10MHz by using the saturated absorption spectrum locking semiconductor laser with the energy level, and the requirement of laser frequency stability in the MDI-QKD protocol with the pulse width of 800ps is met.
The frequency locking mode of the laser at the transmitting ends of Alice and Bob is as follows: the laser is 1550nm semiconductor laser, the emitted light passes through an isolator (preventing reflected light from being transmitted back to the laser), then the reflected light passing through the beam splitter is split into two parts, the reflected light passing through the beam splitter is transmitted into another beam splitter, the reflected light of the second beam splitter enters a xenon atomic pool and then reaches a reflecting mirror, the light passing through the reflecting mirror passes through the atomic pool again and then enters the second beam splitter, the transmitted light enters a photoelectric detector, and signals are fed back to the laser for frequency locking.
As shown in fig. 3, the atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution based on the above system comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the wavelength of lasers at the Alice end and the Bob end to 1549.0971nm wave band in the fine energy level of xenon atoms;
s2, laser emitted by the laser is reflected by the reflecting mirror after entering the xenon atomic pool, and then returns to the xenon atomic pool, so that a saturated absorption spectrum is formed and received by the photoelectric detector;
s3, feeding back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum to the laser by the photoelectric detector;
S4, the lasers at the Alice end and the Bob end lock the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atoms 5d-6p, and emit frequency-stabilized laser in the 1549nm wave band at the current laser frequency;
S5, modulating the frequency-stabilized laser into laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800ps through an amplitude modulator, loading quantum key information through a phase modulator, and attenuating the laser to a quantum level through an attenuator to form quantum signal light.
This embodiment of the invention uses a self-scanning function laser (which has a frequency locking module and can output a signal for viewing on an oscilloscope). The specific operation steps are as follows:
The laser is started first to make the laser emit light. The optical path is adjusted as in the laser shown in the above figure. The laser wavelength was tuned to around 1549.097nm on (a wavemeter may be used to aid in viewing). The scanning function is turned on (a scanning range of about 20GHz as large as possible just starts). If the oscillograph connected with the laser can see an absorption peak, a reflecting mirror behind the atomic pool is rotated, and a signal for displaying a waveform in the oscillograph is modulated to the maximum. If no waveform signal exists, the signal can be seen by adjusting the reflector to coincide the incident light with the reflected light. The scanning range of the laser is reduced, and an absorption peak (which can be observed with the aid of a wavelength meter) is arranged near 1549.097, the area is the area with the xenon atomic energy level of 5d-6p as a fine energy level, and then the absorption peak with the largest signal in the area is found, wherein the absorption peak is the absorption peak with the ultra-fine energy level required by people. The sweep is reduced to 0 at the absorption peak where the signal is maximum and the laser lockout switch is turned on, with the laser frequency locked. Most of the prior art uses a beat frequency mode for locking, but the mode occupies a classical channel, the beat frequency mode locks the frequency, and the frequency stability can reach kHz. However, in some experiments hydrogen cyanide was also used as the substance for the saturated absorption spectrum, but hydrogen cyanide is extremely toxic. In addition, the PDH mode can be used for stabilizing the frequency, the frequency stability can reach Hz or even mHz, but the PDH stabilizing cost is relatively high. The saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization mode is low in cost, does not occupy classical channels, and can reach MHz in stability.
In summary, the method for stabilizing the frequency by using the saturated absorption spectrum in the quantum key distribution protocol irrelevant to the measuring equipment under the high-frequency condition for the first time, and the 129 Xe atomic spectrum is used in the saturated absorption spectrum for the first time, so that a simple mode is provided for stabilizing the frequency of the laser in the quantum key distribution irrelevant to the measuring equipment.
It should be noted that each step/component described in the present application may be split into more steps/components, or two or more steps/components or part of operations of the steps/components may be combined into new steps/components, according to the implementation needs, to achieve the object of the present application.
The sequence numbers of the steps in the above embodiments do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined according to the functions and internal logic, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. An atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution, comprising the steps of:
Adjusting the wavelength of the laser at the Alice end and the Bob end to 1549.0971nm wave band in the fine energy level of the xenon atom;
The laser emitted by the laser enters the isolator, and then the laser is split through a beam splitter, wherein one beam of laser is used for modulating quantum signal light, and the other beam of laser is used for stabilizing frequency; the beam splitting for frequency stabilization is carried out again through the other beam splitter, wherein one beam of light is reflected by the reflecting mirror after entering the xenon atomic pool and returns to the xenon atomic pool, and a saturated absorption spectrum is formed and received by the photoelectric detector;
The photoelectric detector feeds back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum to the laser;
The laser of Alice end and Bob end locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atom 5d-6p, and emits the frequency-stabilized laser of 1549nm wave band with the current laser frequency;
The frequency-stabilized laser is modulated into laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800ps through an amplitude modulator, quantum key information is loaded through a phase modulator, and the laser is attenuated to the quantum level through an attenuator, so that quantum signal light is formed.
2. The atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the laser gradually reduces the scanning range from maximum before stabilizing the frequency, and the scanning range is adjusted to 0 after finding the maximum absorption peak.
3. The atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the frequency jitter of lasers at Alice end and Bob end is controlled within 10MHz by using a saturated absorption spectrum frequency locking mode.
4. An atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirror is adjusted such that its incident and reflected light coincide.
5. The atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein quantum signal lights emitted from Alice end and Bob end are finally combined at Charlie end for detection.
6. An atomic spectrum frequency locking device for measuring device independent quantum key distribution, the device being for Alice and Bob ends, comprising:
the laser is provided with scanning and frequency stabilization functions and is used for emitting laser light in a specific wavelength range;
The isolator is connected with the laser and used for preventing reflected light from being transmitted back to the laser;
The first beam splitter is connected with the isolator and used for splitting laser; one of the beams of laser is used for modulating quantum signal light, and the other beam of laser is used for stabilizing frequency;
the second beam splitter is connected with the first beam splitter and is used for splitting the input light again;
a xenon atomic pool connected with one output end of the second beam splitter, and irradiating laser on 129 Xe atoms;
the reflecting mirror is used for reflecting emergent light in the xenon atomic pool back to the xenon atomic pool to form a saturated absorption spectrum;
The photoelectric detector is connected with the other output end of the second beam splitter and the laser and is used for feeding back an absorption peak in the received saturated absorption spectrum of the xenon atomic pool to the laser so that the laser locks the current laser frequency according to the maximum absorption peak in the ultra-fine spectrum in the fine energy level of 129 Xe atoms 5d-6p and emits frequency-stabilized laser in the 1549nm wave band at the current laser frequency;
The amplitude modulator is connected with one output end of the first beam splitter and used for modulating the frequency-stabilized laser into the laser with the repetition frequency of 1GHz and the pulse width of 800 ps;
the phase modulator is connected with the amplitude modulator and is used for loading quantum key information to the frequency stabilized laser after the frequency hopping through phase modulation;
and the attenuator is connected with the phase modulator and used for attenuating the modulated laser loaded with the quantum key information to a quantum level to form quantum signal light.
7. The atomic spectrum frequency locking apparatus for measuring device independent quantum key distribution of claim 6 wherein the mirror is rotatably adjustable.
8. A measurement device independent quantum key distribution system comprising Alice end and Bob end for quantum communication, wherein the lasers are frequency locked by the atomic spectrum frequency locking method according to claim 1.
9. The measurement device independent quantum key distribution system of claim 8, further comprising a Charlie terminal for combining and detecting quantum signal light emitted from Alice terminal and Bob terminal.
CN202410524529.7A 2024-04-29 Atomic spectrum frequency locking method for measuring device independent quantum key distribution Active CN118101074B (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107453203A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-12-08 北京航天控制仪器研究所 A kind of miniaturization saturation-absorption spectrum device for semiconductor laser

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107453203A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-12-08 北京航天控制仪器研究所 A kind of miniaturization saturation-absorption spectrum device for semiconductor laser

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