CN118093491A - Serial port communication method, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents

Serial port communication method, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118093491A
CN118093491A CN202410487306.8A CN202410487306A CN118093491A CN 118093491 A CN118093491 A CN 118093491A CN 202410487306 A CN202410487306 A CN 202410487306A CN 118093491 A CN118093491 A CN 118093491A
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data
serial port
command
serial
identification bit
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刘�东
封宛昌
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Jiangsu Xiaoniu Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Xiaoniu Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a serial port communication method, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication networks. The serial port communication method comprises the following steps: serial port identification, data acquisition, data transmission and data processing. The method specifically comprises the following steps: initializing serial port parameters, automatically identifying serial ports, intelligently controlling signal transmission, establishing an intelligent serial port mapping relation, data communication, inquiring serial ports, judging whether commands are complete, analyzing and processing data and the like. The method has wide applicability, is suitable for different hardware devices such as Windows terminals and An Zhuoban cards, realizes the identification and data processing of multi-wavelength serial ports, and has high flexibility; the two parties of communication agree on a custom command format, so that the consistency and stability of communication are ensured; the data processing is intelligent, so that the efficiency is remarkably improved; the invention can automatically bind the COM number connected with the single board to be tested with the serial port, eliminates the possibility of manual binding and reduces the risk of error occurrence.

Description

Serial port communication method, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication networks, and in particular, to a serial port communication method, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
With the development of the internet of things and informatization technology, serial communication is increasingly widely applied in the fields of equipment control and information transmission, is a common mode of board-level communication, and can well complete data communication between circuit boards by setting serial baud rate and sending serial data.
However, in the prior art, the main mode of serial communication is to analyze commands through a protocol agreed by a transmitting end and a receiving end, but due to performance differences between the transmitting end and the receiving end of different hardware devices, the serial data reading time interval is inconsistent, and the situations of packet loss, lack of data in a string of commands, packet sticking, simultaneous mixed receiving of multiple commands and the like are easy to occur, so that a receiving party cannot stably receive data.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a serial port communication method, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium, which solve the technical problems in the background art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a serial communication method, comprising:
s1, serial port identification; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1.1, initializing serial port parameters: initializing a computer device; opening a serial port according to each COM number, and setting different baud rates; the method comprises the steps of agreeing with a custom serial port command, wherein the format of the custom serial port command comprises the following steps: at least two data head identification bits, two length bits, one instruction bit, at least one data bit and two data tail identification bits;
S1.2, automatic serial port identification: the user-defined serial port commands are sent to each serial port respectively, the serial port which replies the correct commands is determined as the serial port connected with the single board to be tested, and the corresponding COM number is determined as the COM number to be bound; storing the correct command into a serial port set, wherein the correct command corresponds to the self-defined serial port command;
s2, data acquisition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1, intelligent control signal transmission: using the pin intelligent control of the micro control unit to sequentially send control signals to the serial port connected with the single board to be tested;
S2.2, establishing an intelligent serial port mapping relation: opening a serial port according to the COM number to be bound, and reading the signal state of the serial port; comparing the signal state of the serial port with the control signal; processing according to a signal state matching strategy;
s3, data transmission; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S3.1 data communication: traversing a serial port set, sending the custom serial port command, and recording the COM number to be bound and the corresponding baud rate into a memory and a hard disk of a cache area;
S3.2, inquiring a serial port, obtaining the byte number of the serial port data in an accepting buffer area, creating a byte array with the capacity of the byte number, inputting a plurality of bytes from serial port resources into the buffer area, reading the bytes, and writing the bytes into the byte array;
S4, data processing; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.1, judging whether the command is complete: the complete command enters the S1.2, if the byte information of the next command still exists after the complete command, the complete command data is intercepted, and the complete command data is complemented after the next cycle; the incomplete command is stored in a new byte set, and is complemented when the next cycle is performed;
s4.2, data analysis and processing.
Preferably, the signal state matching policy in S2.2 is:
If the signal state of the serial port is not matched with the control signal, the serial port of the next COM number to be bound is identified; and if the COM numbers are matched, establishing an intelligent mapping relation between the COM numbers to be bound and the serial ports receiving the control signals.
Preferably, the S4.1 specifically includes:
s4.1.1, the two communication parties agree on the format of the custom serial port command;
S4.1.2 if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is smaller than the subscript of the data head identification bit, storing command data into a command set, wherein the position is the last subscript of the last stored data; calculating the total length of the command set, if the total length is a multiple of a preset length, indicating that the command data is complete, and starting to analyze the command data;
S4.1.3 if the length obtained by adding the subscript of the data head identification bit and the length bit is greater than the total length of the serial port data, indicating that the command data is incomplete, recording the length of the command data, and storing the command data into a new set.
Preferably, the S4.2 specifically includes:
S4.2.1 data analysis: searching the data head identification bit, if the data head identification bit does not exist, clearing the current data and waiting for the next cycle to read; if so, acquiring length bits of two latter bits of the data head identification bit, and adding the length bits and the data head identification bit to obtain the position of the data tail identification bit; verifying whether the data on the data tail identification bit accords with the agreed data tail identification bit, and if so, storing the command data into the command set;
S4.2.2 multiple data merge: when the command data is read next time, searching a first data tail identification bit and a first data head identification bit, and if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is larger than the data head identification bit, indicating that the command data stored last time is not completely transmitted and a set needs to be cleared;
S4.2.3 data segmentation analysis: if the serial port data length is larger than the preset serial port data length, carrying out the serial port data segmentation analysis, and carrying out analysis according to the format of the custom serial port command;
s4.2.4 exception handling: and recording related logs for the condition of incomplete serial port data length or serial port data analysis errors for a plurality of times, and checking hardware problems.
A computer device, comprising: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor serial port; the memory stores commands executable by the at least one processor, which when executed implement the serial communication method described above.
A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed on the computer, implement the serial communication method described above and store corresponding data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the applicability is wide: the method is suitable for different hardware devices such as Windows end and An Zhuoban card, realizes the identification and data processing of multi-wavelength serial ports, and has high flexibility; the micro control unit in the computer equipment is benefited, and the control signals are sent by outputting different levels through the control pins, so that the hardware support is further enhanced;
2. The two parties of communication agree on a custom command format, so that the consistency and stability of communication are ensured;
3. Through the self-defined serial port command and control signal, the invention realizes the automatic identification of the serial port connected with the single board to be tested, and the data processing is intelligent without manual intervention, thereby obviously improving the efficiency;
4. according to the invention, the COM number connected with the single board to be tested can be automatically bound with the serial port, so that the possibility of manual binding is eliminated, and the risk of error occurrence is reduced;
5. the method and the device can be applied to various scenes requiring serial port communication, so that the universality and the application range are improved, and meanwhile, the accuracy and the instantaneity of data transmission are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a serial communication method.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of S1 serial port identification.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification.
An embodiment first, this embodiment discloses a serial port communication method, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, including:
s1, serial port identification; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1.1, initializing serial port parameters: initializing a computer device; opening a serial port according to each COM number, and setting different baud rates; the custom serial port command is agreed, and the format of the custom serial port command comprises: at least two data head identification bits, two length bits, one instruction bit, at least one data bit and two data tail identification bits;
S1.2, automatic serial port identification: the method comprises the steps of respectively sending a custom serial port command, namely a handshake command, for each serial port, determining the serial port replying the correct command as the serial port connected with the single board to be tested, and determining the corresponding COM number as the COM number to be bound; storing the command into a serial port set, wherein the correct command corresponds to the custom serial port command;
s2, data acquisition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S2.1, intelligent control signal transmission: using the pin intelligent control of the micro control unit to sequentially send control signals to the serial port connected with the single board to be tested; the pins are used for simply inputting and outputting high and low levels, and the intelligent control of the pins is realized by the high intelligent control of the micro control unit so as to realize the accurate control signal transmission of the serial port.
S2.2, establishing an intelligent serial port mapping relation: opening a serial port according to the COM number to be bound, and reading the signal state of the serial port; comparing the signal state of the serial port with the control signal; processing according to a signal state matching strategy; the signal state matching strategy refers to: if the signal state of the serial port is not matched with the control signal, the system intelligently tries the serial port of the next COM number to be bound so as to ensure that any serial port cannot be missed, and the overall automatic identification accuracy is improved; if the COM numbers are matched, an intelligent mapping relation between the COM numbers to be bound and the serial ports receiving the control signals is established.
S3, data transmission; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S3.1 data communication: traversing the serial port set, sending a custom serial port command, and recording the COM number to be bound and the corresponding baud rate into a memory and a hard disk of a cache area, so that the serial port is prevented from being occupied and not being used correctly after the equipment operates;
s3.2, inquiring the serial port, obtaining the byte number of serial port data in the receiving buffer area, creating a byte array with the byte number, reading a plurality of bytes from the serial port resource input buffer area, and writing the bytes into the byte array;
S4, data processing; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1, judging whether the command is complete: for the problem of sticking package caused by hardware performance, the complete command enters S1.2, if the byte information of the next command is still part of the complete command, the complete command data is intercepted, and the complete command data is complemented after the next cycle; the incomplete command is stored in a new byte set, and is complemented when the next cycle is performed; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1.1, the two communication parties agree on the format of the custom serial port command;
S4.1.2 if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is smaller than the subscript of the data head identification bit, storing command data into the command set, wherein the position is the last subscript of the last stored data; calculating the total length of the command set, if the total length is a multiple of the preset length, indicating that the command data is complete, and starting to analyze the command data;
S4.1.3 if the length obtained by adding the subscript of the data head identification bit and the length bit is greater than the total length of the serial port data, indicating that the command data is incomplete, recording the length of the command data, and storing the command data into a new set.
S4.2, data analysis and processing. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.2.1 data analysis: searching the data head identification bit, if the data head identification bit does not exist, clearing the current data and waiting for the next cycle to read; if the data exists, acquiring length bits of two latter bits of the data head identification bit, and adding the length bits and the data head identification bit to obtain the position of the data tail identification bit; verifying whether the data on the data tail identification bit accords with the agreed data tail identification bit, and if so, storing command data into a command set;
S4.2.2 multiple data merge: when the command data is read next time, searching a first data tail identification bit and a first data head identification bit, and if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is larger than the data head identification bit, indicating that the command data stored last time is not completely transmitted and needing to clear a set;
s4.2.3 data segmentation analysis: if the serial port data length is larger than the preset serial port data length, carrying out serial port data segmentation analysis, and carrying out analysis according to the format of the appointed self-defined serial port command;
s4.2.4 exception handling: and recording related logs for the condition of incomplete serial port data length or serial port data analysis errors for a plurality of times, and checking hardware problems.
In a second embodiment, the present embodiment discloses a computer device, including: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor serial port; the memory stores commands executable by the at least one processor that when executed implement the serial communication method described above.
In a third embodiment, the present embodiment discloses a computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions, where the computer instructions implement the serial port communication method described above when executed on a computer, and store corresponding data.
In the fourth embodiment, the serial communication flow of the computer device including three serial ports (COM 1, COM2, COM 3) is disclosed, and each serial port is connected with a different type of sensor (sensor a, sensor B, sensor C). It is desirable to send requests to each sensor and parse its data through a computer device.
Step 1: initializing serial port parameters
Firstly, initializing computer equipment, opening three serial ports, and setting different baud rates, namely COM 1:9600 bps, COM 2:19200 bps and COM 3:38400 bps. The custom serial port communication protocol comprises a data head identification bit, a length bit, an instruction bit and a data tail identification bit so as to ensure the consistency of communication.
Step 2: automatic serial port identification
And sending a specific custom serial port command to each serial port in turn, and waiting for a reply. When a serial port replies a correct instruction, we determine that the serial port is connected with a single board to be tested, and identify the serial port as the serial port connected with the single board to be tested, and determine that the corresponding COM number is the COM number to be bound. Taking the example of receipt of a reply from COM2, it is indicated that sensor B is connected.
Step 3: intelligent control signal transmission
And the intelligent control of the micro control unit is used for sending control signals to the serial ports connected with the single boards to be tested one by one, so that the accurate control of the serial port equipment is ensured. To ensure that communication between the serial port and the sensor is established properly. At this time, a control signal is sent to COM2 to communicate with sensor B.
Step 4: establishing an intelligent serial port mapping relation
And opening a serial port for the COM number (COM 2) to be bound, and reading the signal state of the serial port. And then comparing the signal state of the serial port with the control signal, and if the signal state is matched with the control signal, establishing an intelligent mapping relation between the COM number to be bound and the sensor B. At this time, COM2 is known to be connected to the sensor B.
Step 5: data communication
And sending a custom serial port command to the identified sensor B to perform data communication. The serial port COM2 is queried, the byte number of the data in the receiving buffer area is obtained, and a byte array with the same capacity is created to store the data. Then, some bytes are read from the input buffer of the serial port COM2, and written into the byte array.
Step 6: checking the integrity of data
Ensuring that the data head identification bit, the length bit, the instruction bit and the data tail identification bit are all correct. If the data is incomplete, we store it in the new byte set, waiting for the complement at the next cycle. For the sticky packet problem caused by hardware performance, that is, byte information of a part of next instruction is still remained after a complete instruction, after the complete instruction data is intercepted, the next cycle is completed.
Step 7: data parsing and processing
And analyzing command data according to the custom serial port communication protocol to ensure correct data transmission and analysis. Such as resolving temperature data for sensor B. If an exception occurs during the data parsing process, exception handling may occur. Such as incomplete data or resolved errors, the relevant log is recorded for subsequent hardware problem troubleshooting and debugging.
The fourth embodiment demonstrates a serial port communication method, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium provided by the invention, which can be applied to various scenes requiring serial port communication, ensures the correctness and instantaneity of data transmission, and improves the universality and the application range.
The serial port communication method, the computer device and the computer readable storage medium provided by the invention are described in detail. Noteworthy are: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the above embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art. Any equivalent replacement, modification, etc. made within the core idea and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A serial communication method, comprising:
s1, serial port identification; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1.1, initializing serial port parameters: initializing a computer device; opening a serial port according to each COM number, and setting different baud rates; the method comprises the steps of agreeing with a custom serial port command, wherein the format of the custom serial port command comprises the following steps: at least two data head identification bits, two length bits, one instruction bit, at least one data bit and two data tail identification bits;
S1.2, automatic serial port identification: the user-defined serial port commands are sent to each serial port respectively, the serial port which replies the correct commands is determined as the serial port connected with the single board to be tested, and the corresponding COM number is determined as the COM number to be bound; storing the correct command into a serial port set, wherein the correct command corresponds to the self-defined serial port command;
s2, data acquisition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1, intelligent control signal transmission: using the pin intelligent control of the micro control unit to sequentially send control signals to the serial port connected with the single board to be tested;
S2.2, establishing an intelligent serial port mapping relation: opening a serial port according to the COM number to be bound, and reading the signal state of the serial port; comparing the signal state of the serial port with the control signal; processing according to a signal state matching strategy;
s3, data transmission; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S3.1 data communication: traversing a serial port set, sending the custom serial port command, and recording the COM number to be bound and the corresponding baud rate into a memory and a hard disk of a cache area;
S3.2, inquiring a serial port, obtaining the byte number of the serial port data in an accepting buffer area, creating a byte array with the capacity of the byte number, inputting a plurality of bytes from serial port resources into the buffer area, reading the bytes, and writing the bytes into the byte array;
S4, data processing; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.1, judging whether the command is complete: the complete command enters the S1.2, if the byte information of the next command still exists after the complete command, the complete command data is intercepted, and the complete command data is complemented after the next cycle; the incomplete command is stored in a new byte set, and is complemented when the next cycle is performed;
s4.2, data analysis and processing.
2. The serial communication method according to claim 1, wherein the signal state matching policy in S2.2 is:
If the signal state of the serial port is not matched with the control signal, the serial port of the next COM number to be bound is identified; and if the COM numbers are matched, establishing an intelligent mapping relation between the COM numbers to be bound and the serial ports receiving the control signals.
3. The serial port communication method according to claim 1, wherein the S4.1 specifically includes:
s4.1.1, the two communication parties agree on the format of the custom serial port command;
S4.1.2 if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is smaller than the subscript of the data head identification bit, storing command data into a command set, wherein the position is the last subscript of the last stored data; calculating the total length of the command set, if the total length is a multiple of a preset length, indicating that the command data is complete, and starting to analyze the command data;
S4.1.3 if the length obtained by adding the subscript of the data head identification bit and the length bit is greater than the total length of the serial port data, indicating that the command data is incomplete, recording the length of the command data, and storing the command data into a new set.
4. The serial port communication method according to claim 1, wherein the S4.2 specifically includes:
S4.2.1 data analysis: searching the data head identification bit, if the data head identification bit does not exist, clearing the current data and waiting for the next cycle to read; if so, acquiring length bits of two latter bits of the data head identification bit, and adding the length bits and the data head identification bit to obtain the position of the data tail identification bit; verifying whether the data on the data tail identification bit accords with the agreed data tail identification bit, and if so, storing the command data into the command set;
S4.2.2 multiple data merge: when the command data is read next time, searching a first data tail identification bit and a first data head identification bit, and if the subscript of the data tail identification bit is larger than the data head identification bit, indicating that the command data stored last time is not completely transmitted and a set needs to be cleared;
S4.2.3 data segmentation analysis: if the serial port data length is larger than the preset serial port data length, carrying out the serial port data segmentation analysis, and carrying out analysis according to the format of the custom serial port command;
s4.2.4 exception handling: and recording related logs for the condition of incomplete serial port data length or serial port data analysis errors for a plurality of times, and checking hardware problems.
5. A computer device, comprising: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor serial port; the memory stores commands executable by at least one processor, which when executed implement the serial communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed on the computer, implement the serial communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and store corresponding data.
CN202410487306.8A 2024-04-23 2024-04-23 Serial port communication method, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium Pending CN118093491A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102541709A (en) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-04 佛山市顺德区顺达电脑厂有限公司 Serial port debugging tool and method
CN105827491A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-03 宁夏共享模具有限公司 Method for solving data packet Ethernet packaging restriction under U-CON active mode
CN115794691A (en) * 2023-01-06 2023-03-14 极限人工智能有限公司 Serial port communication method, lower computer and serial port communication system
CN117632834A (en) * 2023-12-22 2024-03-01 乐凯华光印刷科技有限公司 Method for serial port identification and serial port data processing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102541709A (en) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-04 佛山市顺德区顺达电脑厂有限公司 Serial port debugging tool and method
CN105827491A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-03 宁夏共享模具有限公司 Method for solving data packet Ethernet packaging restriction under U-CON active mode
CN115794691A (en) * 2023-01-06 2023-03-14 极限人工智能有限公司 Serial port communication method, lower computer and serial port communication system
CN117632834A (en) * 2023-12-22 2024-03-01 乐凯华光印刷科技有限公司 Method for serial port identification and serial port data processing

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