CN118087935A

CN118087935A - Office cabin and sound insulation wall structure

Info

Publication number: CN118087935A
Application number: CN202311539224.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·马特松; M·哈尔福斯
Original assignee: FRAMERI Inc
Current assignee: FRAMERI Inc
Priority date: 2022-11-25
Filing date: 2023-11-17
Publication date: 2024-05-28
Also published as: FI20226054A1

Abstract

A cabin (200) enclosing a sound-insulating working space inside the cabin (200), the cabin comprising a wall structure formed by sound-absorbing elements (255) and a skin (230, 240), wherein the skin (230, 240) has a coincidence frequency outside a predetermined human voice frequency region.

Description

Office cabin and sound insulation wall structure

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to offices or the like.

Background

This section illustrates useful background information, but does not constitute an admission that any of the art described herein represents prior art.

Cabins such as sound-deadening meeting rooms, workrooms or telephone kiosks are increasingly used in modern decorations for workplaces and public spaces. Such cabins are commonly used for work, conference, telephone calls and video conferences.

Conventional cabins comprise opposing wall modules which are connected to each other by means of a floor module at the bottom and a ceiling module at the top. The modules form a rigid chassis to which the window and/or door frame is attached at the sides. The wall module includes alternating sound blocking and absorbing layers, and an outer cover (skin) at the outermost layer.

Recently, these types of offices are increasingly costly to manufacture.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of certain embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a new and inventive office cabin of new design and a new and inventive sound insulation wall structure.

According to a first exemplary aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cabin enclosing a sound-insulating working space inside the cabin, the cabin comprising:

A wall structure formed of a sound absorbing element and a skin, wherein the skin has a coincidence frequency outside a predetermined human voice frequency region.

In some embodiments, the overlay frequency is higher than the predetermined human voice frequency region to enhance the sound blocking effect at the human voice frequency.

In some embodiments, the office includes the skin having a coincidence frequency outside of the predetermined human voice frequency region defined based on the frequency having the greatest intensity of human voice.

In some embodiments, the predetermined human voice frequency region is defined based on the frequency with which human voice carries the most information in the spoken content.

In some embodiments, the office includes the skin having a coincidence frequency outside of the predetermined human voice frequency region defined based on the human voice frequency (or frequencies) having the greatest intensity and/or carrying the most information in the verbal content.

For the feasibility of technical implementation in the walls of the office, it is advantageous if the coincidence frequency is higher than the above-mentioned frequency (area).

In certain embodiments, taking the above into account, it has been observed that it is advantageous if the coincidence frequency is higher than 5kHz, more preferably higher than 8 kHz.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the coincidence frequency is higher than 5kHz, preferably higher than 8kHz.

In this context, "coincidence frequency" refers to a frequency at which a coincidence-effect control region exists in the sound transmission loss in the surface layer. That is, outside this "coincidence frequency", there is a coincidence effect control region in the sound transmission loss.

Furthermore, the concept of "coincidence frequency of the skin layer is higher than [ frequency ]" should be understood such that the above-mentioned coincidence control region does not extend below the [ frequency ].

In some embodiments, the skin is the only sound blocking layer in the wall structure.

In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element has a total thickness of greater than 1/8 of the wavelength of human speech at a frequency of 500Hz (emphasis is placed on maximum intensity sound insulation with respect to typical or average human speech frequencies (regions).

In some embodiments, the sound absorbing element is laminated to the skin.

In some embodiments, the cabin comprises said skin forming an outer surface of the cabin, followed by the sound absorbing element facing the interior of the cabin. In certain embodiments, the skin layer has a sound blocking material, such as metal or sheet metal. In certain embodiments, the skin layer has steel.

In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element comprises a first sound absorbing material layer and a second sound absorbing material layer, wherein the second sound absorbing material layer is closer to the interior of the office cabin and forms an inner liner. In certain embodiments, the layers of the sound absorbing element are stacked layers.

In certain embodiments, the inner liner layer has a stronger and/or denser material than the material of the first absorbent material layer.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin comprises at least one air layer between the skin and the sound absorbing material layer of (or belonging to) the sound absorbing element. In some embodiments, an air layer is positioned (sandwiched) between the sound absorbing material layer and the skin layer. In certain embodiments, the office includes at least one air layer between the skin layer and the inner liner layer.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the air layer is less than half the total thickness of the sound absorbing element. Therefore, the total thickness of the sound-absorbing material layers within the sound-absorbing element is at least half the thickness of the sound-absorbing element.

In certain embodiments, the functional layer in the side wall of the office cabin with respect to sound insulation consists of the skin and the sound-absorbing element superimposed on the skin, optionally leaving an air gap or air layer between them. This does not exclude any further layers (acoustically non-functional or insignificant layers for sound insulation) to be positioned within the wall structure. Examples of such an acoustically nonfunctional or insignificant layer are thin foils such as plastic foils which can be incorporated into a wall structure as, for example, a moisture barrier, but which are acoustically nonfunctional or insignificant.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin comprises said sound absorbing element having a high flow resistance. However, in some embodiments, the flow resistance is high within a desired range without causing reflections at human voice frequencies to a degree that is audible to a human talker.

In certain embodiments, the second sound-absorbing material layer has a greater flow resistance than the first sound-absorbing material layer.

In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element has a total flow resistance of less than 100kPas/m ² (kilopascal seconds per square meter), more preferably less than 40kPas/m ². The aim is to avoid unwanted sound reflections from the sound absorbing elements (or layers), especially in consonants of human speech. In certain embodiments, the flow resistance of each layer of the sound absorbing element is below a selected maximum (100 kPas/m ² or 40kPas/m ²). This maximum is particularly suitable in the case of an inner liner facing the interior of the cabin, wherein the inner liner has a higher flow resistance than the other material layers of the sound-absorbing element. An advantage of such an inner liner with a higher flow resistance is that it provides a durable inner surface for the cabin interior, enabling the use of a material with a lower flow resistance behind it.

In certain embodiments, the first sound absorbing material layer has a total flow resistance in the range of from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably in the range of from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

In certain embodiments, the flow resistance of the liner is at most 100kPas/m ², more preferably at most 40kPas/m ², and the flow resistance of the other material layers of the sound absorbing element is in the range extending from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

In certain embodiments, the liner has a flow resistance of at most 100kPas/m ², more preferably at most 40kPas/m ², and the sound absorbing layer behind the liner (such as the first sound absorbing material layer) has a flow resistance in the range extending from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

In certain embodiments, the wall structure forms a side wall of the cabin that is connected to at least one support structure of the cabin (such as a front frame and/or a rear frame of the cabin).

In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element has a dust-proof material to avoid health hazards. As used herein, dust-proof material refers to a material that does not release a quality and quantity of dust that is harmful to health when handled and/or when present in the vicinity of a user. For example, thermoplastic polyester fiber-based materials constitute dustproof sound absorbing materials, whereas glass wool and rock wool, for example, are known to release particles that are harmful to health, especially when handled, such as during construction or assembly of wall structures containing such materials.

In certain embodiments, the office includes a skin attached to a load bearing support structure of the office to provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the support structure.

In certain embodiments, the skin is attached to the cabin support structure at its peripheral region. In certain embodiments, the skin is attached to the cabin support structure only at its peripheral region.

In certain embodiments, the load bearing support structure is formed from a front load bearing frame and a rear load bearing frame.

In some embodiments, the skin is positioned between the load-bearing frames in the form of a (substantially) planar, uniform surface.

In certain embodiments, the skin between the load-bearing frames is formed of two or more generally planar sub-pieces (particularly 2,3 or 4 sub-pieces) positioned adjacent to each other.

Each of these sub-elements is typically in the form of a planar, uniform surface. However, in certain embodiments, the nacelle is provided with a reinforcing arrangement at the junction or region where adjacent sub-pieces are joined together. Thus, similar to in an integrated implementation in which the otherwise planar skin may be bent or folded at the regions of the front and rear load-bearing frames where they are attached to the frames, the sub-pieces are also generally planar, except that the sub-pieces may be bent or folded at the regions where they are joined together with the frames and/or adjacent sub-pieces.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the office module includes a reinforcing arrangement at a junction region where one sub-piece joins with an adjacent sub-piece.

In certain embodiments, the reinforcement arrangement is arranged by bending the sub-pieces against each other (and attaching the end portion of one sub-piece to the end portion of an adjacent sub-piece).

In certain embodiments, the sidewalls of the pod are substantially uniform in their structure. In certain embodiments, the side wall has no openings, such as no windows, or no windows and no doors. In some embodiments, the sidewall structure is a structure that does not include a door.

In certain embodiments, the front and rear frames form structural parts of the front and rear walls of the office cabin. In some embodiments, the front wall and the rear wall lack wall structures similar to the side wall structures.

In certain embodiments, the office includes a transparent front wall, such as a glass wall. In some embodiments, the front wall includes a door.

According to a second exemplary aspect, there is provided a sound-deadening wall structure formed of a sound absorbing element and a skin layer, wherein the skin layer has a coincidence frequency outside a predetermined human voice frequency region.

According to another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a cabin enclosing a sound-insulating working space inside the cabin, the cabin comprising:

A front load-bearing frame;

a rear load-bearing frame; and

A skin attached between the front and rear load-bearing frames to provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the front and rear load-bearing frames.

In this context, sound-insulating workspace means that the office cabin surrounding the sound-insulating workspace is deliberately structured to prevent sound from propagating outside the office cabin, especially at the human voice frequency region. In a preferred embodiment the sound insulation is at a level at which said speech inside the cabin can no longer be recognized outside the cabin, i.e. the sound insulation makes the speech inside the cabin unintelligible outside the cabin.

In this context, trans-dimension refers to a dimension that is neither within nor parallel to the plane of the load-bearing frame in question. Further, in this context, providing cross-dimensional rigidity (or support) refers to providing (sufficient) lateral support for the front and rear load-bearing frames. Thus, providing a skin that is dimensionally rigid maintains the rectangular shape of the volume between the frames (i.e., provides the effect that the shape of the volume between the frames does not change).

In this context, a "load-bearing" frame refers to a frame structure that provides attachment points and structural support for other parts of the cabin. That is, a "load-bearing" frame is a component that receives structural force loads from other above-floor components of the cabin and transfers them to the floor upon which the cabin stands.

In certain embodiments, the skin is positioned between the load-bearing frames in the form of a substantially (substantially) planar, uniform (unperforated) surface. The planarity and uniformity of the skin contributes to the desired acoustic behavior. Here, the desired acoustic behavior refers to the drumhead-like vibration behavior of the skin (as a metaphor). That is, in certain embodiments, the planarity of the skin, particularly outside its peripheral region, can advantageously minimize its natural frequency, whereby any non-planar form, particularly angular forms such as corrugations, will adversely increase the natural frequency of the skin.

It should be understood that any holes for fastening means, such as screws, bolts etc., should not be interpreted as deviations from the uniformity of the skin (i.e. should not be interpreted as perforations in the skin) because such holes do not remain open for the free passage of sound in the assembly cabin comprising the skin.

In certain embodiments, the skin layer is (typically) in a planar form (i.e., without, for example, corrugations). This means that in some embodiments, the skin is planar except for the peripheral region (in the peripheral region, the skin may have a non-planar shape for reinforcement and/or for attachment). In certain embodiments, at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, of the total area of the skin layer is in planar form (i.e., without corrugations or other angular forms), if any, in non-planar form, residing in the peripheral region of the skin layer.

Each of these sub-elements is typically in the form of a planar, uniform surface. The planarity and uniformity of the sub-pieces of the skin contributes to the desired acoustic behavior. The above-mentioned planarity requirements apply also to such cases.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin is provided with a reinforcing arrangement at the junction or region where adjacent sub-pieces are joined together. Thus, similar to in an integrated implementation in which the otherwise planar skin may be bent or folded at the regions of the front and rear load-bearing frames where they are attached to the frames, the sub-pieces are also generally planar, except that the sub-pieces may be bent or folded at the regions where they are joined together with the frames and/or adjacent sub-pieces.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin includes a skin of sound blocking material forming an exterior surface (outer cover) of the cabin. In certain embodiments, the skin layer has sheet metal. In certain embodiments, the skin has sheet metal made of steel.

Sound blocking material (sometimes also referred to as sound insulating material) refers to a material that primarily blocks (typically by reflection) the travel of sound waves therethrough. Such materials are typically hard and dense. Examples of such materials are steel and concrete.

In certain embodiments, the office includes a side wall structure comprising the skin layer followed by a layer of sound absorbing material. Thus, in certain embodiments, the sidewall structure is a layered structure. In certain embodiments, the sidewall structure comprises or consists of stacked layers. In some embodiments, a sound absorbing material layer is laminated on the skin layer.

In some embodiments, the sidewall structure is implemented without an additional sound blocking layer. That is, in such a case, the surface layer is the only sound blocking layer in the side wall (structure).

In certain embodiments, the sidewall structure includes a sound absorbing element comprising a plurality of layers of sound absorbing material. In certain embodiments, the sidewall structure includes a sound absorbing element that includes an air layer. In some embodiments, the sidewall structure includes sound absorbing elements or layers of sound absorbing material spaced apart from the skin layer by a distance that leaves an air layer between the distances. In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element is formed of or includes a layer of sound absorbing material and an air layer.

In some embodiments, an air layer is positioned (sandwiched) between the sound absorbing material layer and the skin layer. In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element includes an inner liner facing the interior of the cabin. In some embodiments, the liner has a higher flow resistance than the sound absorbing material layer. In some embodiments, the inner liner forms a second sound absorbing material layer (while the first-mentioned sound absorbing material layer forms a first sound absorbing material layer). In some embodiments, the order of the different layers in the sidewall structure is as follows: a surface layer (outermost layer), an air layer, a first sound absorbing material layer, and an inner liner layer (innermost layer). In certain other embodiments, the order of the different layers in the sidewall structure is as follows: a surface layer (outermost layer), a first sound-absorbing material layer, an air layer, and an inner liner layer (innermost layer). In some further embodiments, the air layer resides in a middle portion of the first sound absorbing material layer. In some further embodiments, a plurality of air layers are present within the sidewall structure.

In some embodiments, the layers of the sidewall structure do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the layers (i.e., in a direction perpendicular to the largest area surface of all layers).

Sound absorbing materials refer to materials that primarily allow sound waves to propagate through the material, but absorb sound waves as they propagate so that they do not produce echoes. Such materials are typically light and ventilated. Examples of such materials are open cell foams and textiles.

It will be appreciated that all materials possess both sound blocking and sound absorbing properties to some extent, as will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, but sound blocking properties are greatly superior to sound absorbing properties, for example in the case of concrete or steel, whereby such materials are understood to be sound blocking materials. And correspondingly, in the case of, for example, glass wool, open-cell foam, fiber mat and textile fabrics, the sound absorption properties are greatly superior to the sound blocking properties, whereby such materials are understood to be sound absorbing materials.

In certain embodiments, the total mass of the side wall structure is at most half, or preferably at most one third, of the total mass of any of the front wall comprising the front load-bearing frame and the rear wall comprising the rear load-bearing frame.

In certain embodiments, the overall thickness of the sidewall structure is less than 200mm, more preferably less than 100mm.

In certain embodiments, the sidewall structure is a non-modular structure. In this context, "non-modular" means that the skin and sound absorbing element form separate layers, not an integral whole.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin includes a skin that is less stiff than any of the load bearing frames.

In certain embodiments, the skin is directly attached to the front and rear load-bearing frames.

In certain embodiments, the skin is indirectly attached to the front and rear load-bearing frames.

In some embodiments, the office includes a connector (which may be a rigid connector) that connects the front and rear load-bearing frames, and the skin is attached to the connector. In certain embodiments, the connector is in the form of a rod or beam. In certain embodiments, the connector is hollow. In certain embodiments, the hollow connector is used to house wiring and/or electrical components. In certain embodiments, the hollow connector provides a fire-resistant housing for the mains voltage electrical components of the cabin, thereby eliminating the need for a separate fire-resistant housing for the mains voltage electrical components. When used as such a fire-resistant housing, the hollow connection is made of a non-flammable material, such as metal, preferably steel, or a fire-resistant plastic, preferably 5VA plastic.

In certain embodiments, the connector is a non-vertical connector. In certain embodiments, the connector is a horizontal or substantially horizontal connector.

In certain embodiments, the office cabin includes the skin at both the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the cabin, wherein a chassis with cross-dimensional support is formed from the skin and the load-bearing frame.

In certain embodiments, the functional layer related to sound insulation in the side walls of the office cabin consists of the skin layer and the sound absorbing element consisting of the sound absorbing material layer with or without one or more air layers, and the optional inner lining (or inner panel) comprises sound absorbing material (superimposed on the sound absorbing material layer).

In certain elements, the rigidity of the cabin is enhanced by a ceiling structure attached to the front load-bearing frame and to the rear load-bearing frame. In certain embodiments, the ceiling structure is preferably configured to perform a ventilation function.

In certain embodiments, the rigidity of the cabin is further enhanced by a floor structure attached to the front load-bearing frame and to the rear load-bearing frame. In certain embodiments, the rigid connection is integrated into the floor structure.

In certain embodiments, the front load-bearing frame and/or the rear load-bearing frame comprise a door.

In certain embodiments, the front and/or rear load-bearing frames surround or at least partially surround a door or door frame.

In some embodiments, the front load-bearing frame constitutes the outermost surrounding element of the front wall. In certain embodiments, the rear load-bearing frame constitutes the outermost surrounding element of the rear wall.

According to another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of assembling a nacelle of the first aspect or any one of its embodiments, the method comprising:

-assembling the chassis of the office cabin by: first providing the front and rear load-bearing frames, then attaching right-hand and left-hand side skin directly or indirectly to the front and rear load-bearing frames to form a trans-dimensional rigid chassis, and thereafter

-Attaching other parts of the office cabin to the chassis to form a finished office cabin.

Various non-limiting exemplary aspects and embodiments have been shown above. The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of selected aspects or steps that may be utilized in different implementations. Some embodiments and features may be presented with reference to only certain exemplary aspects. It should be understood that the corresponding embodiments and features are applicable to other exemplary aspects as well. Any suitable combination of embodiments may be formed. Any apparatus and/or method in the specification and/or drawings not covered by the claims is an example useful for understanding the invention.

Drawings

Some exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates an exploded view of parts of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 1B illustrates the assembly of a nacelle with the parts shown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A illustrates an exploded view of parts of a nacelle according to certain other embodiments;

FIG. 2B illustrates the assembly of the office module with the parts shown in FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A illustrates another exploded view of parts of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 3B illustrates the assembly of the office module with the parts shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A illustrates yet another exploded view of parts of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 4B illustrates the assembly of the office module with the parts shown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A illustrates yet another exploded view of parts of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 5B illustrates the assembly of the office module with the parts shown in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A illustrates cutting a nacelle through a virtual horizontal plane to obtain a cross-sectional view in accordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 6B shows a first cross-sectional view;

FIG. 6C shows an alternative cross-sectional view;

FIG. 7A shows another office cabin cut through a virtual horizontal plane to obtain a cross-sectional view;

FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional view of the office of FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A shows another embodiment in which the nacelle is cut through a virtual horizontal plane to obtain a cross-sectional view;

FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional view of the office of FIG. 8A;

9A-9C illustrate cross-sectional views of side wall structures of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 10A illustrates an exploded view of parts of a larger office according to some embodiments;

FIG. 10B illustrates the assembly of the office module with the parts shown in FIG. 10A;

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an enlargement of certain details of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates an enlargement of yet another detail of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 13 illustrates an enlargement of yet another detail of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 14 illustrates further details of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 15 illustrates cross-braces and certain sound absorbing layers in a cabin according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 16 illustrates certain layers of a side wall structure of a cabin according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a side wall structure of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 18 illustrates another cross-sectional view of a side wall structure of a nacelle according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 19 shows a rough graphical representation of a typical spectrum of human speech intensities;

FIG. 20 illustrates the location of attachment points for a single piece skin layer in accordance with certain embodiments; and

Fig. 21 illustrates the location of attachment points for a skin formed from multiple sub-pieces, in accordance with certain embodiments.

Detailed Description

In the following description, like reference numerals denote like elements or steps. Referring to fig. 1-21, the following numbers and representations are provided:

100. 200, 300, 1300 office cabin

110. 210, 1210 Front load-bearing frame

120. 220, 1220 Rear load-bearing frame

130. 230 Left hand side surface layer

131-134, 231-234 Attachment points

140. 240 Right hand side skin

141-144, 241-244, 24X attachment points

214. 224 Accessory element

215. 225 Magnet

230A, 230b, 1230a, 1230b left hand side surface layer sub-pieces

240A, 240b, 1240a, 1240b right hand side surface layer sub-pieces

240C, 1240c reinforcement arrangement

245. 245' Sound absorbing layer

245A sound absorbing material layer

245B air layer

246. Inner panel and inner liner

251. 1251 First connector

252. Second connecting piece

255. Sound absorbing element

261. 1261 Third connector

262. Fourth connecting piece

270. 370, 1370 Ceiling structure

271. 1271 Integrated ventilation system

280. 380, 1380 Floor structure

351. 361 And ceiling structure integrated connector

352. 362, 1352, 1362 Integrated with the floor structure

1231. 1232 Attachment point

1235. Additional guide rail

1393. First corner piece

1394. Second corner piece

1555. Cross support

1666. Hollow rod

D ₁ skin thickness

D ₂ thickness of sound absorbing element

D _a thickness of sound absorbing material layer

D _b air layer thickness

Embodiments of a cabin according to the present disclosure disclose a cabin enclosing a sound-insulating working space inside the cabin, the cabin comprising a specific wall structure formed by sound-absorbing elements and skin layers. Further embodiments of a nacelle according to the disclosure include a front load-bearing frame, a rear load-bearing frame, and a skin attached between the front load-bearing frame and the rear load-bearing frame, wherein the skin provides the front load-bearing frame and the rear load-bearing frame with cross-dimensional rigidity. Thus, for example, in certain embodiments, a nacelle includes the skin at both the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the nacelle, wherein a chassis of the nacelle having cross-dimensional rigidity (or support) is formed from the skin and the load-bearing frame. In certain embodiments, the cross-dimensional rigidity of the frame refers to structural characteristics that resist the frame becoming upright and/or tilting from an upright position. In other words, the cross-dimensional rigidity of the frame refers to the resistance against forces attempting to change the mutual position of the frame once erected, particularly in an inclined manner. It should be noted, however, that for each embodiment of the present disclosure, the skin need not provide any load-bearing frame that is stiff in the cross-dimension, but the sound-deadening wall structure presented in the present disclosure may alternatively be applied to conventional types of cabins. In such embodiments, the sound-deadening wall structure presented in this disclosure may be applied between desired support structures in order to assemble a sound-deadening wall for a office cabin.

Fig. 1A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 100 according to some embodiments, and fig. 1B illustrates the assembly of the chassis of the office 100 with the parts illustrated in fig. 1A. The office cabin 100 includes a front load-bearing frame 110, a rear load-bearing frame 120, a left-hand side skin 130, and a right-hand side skin 140. The left hand side skin 130 is attached between the front load-bearing frame 110 and the rear load-bearing frame 120 at the left hand side of the cabin 100, while the right hand side skin 140 is attached between the front load-bearing frame 110 and the rear load-bearing frame 120 at the right hand side of the cabin 100.

In this context and further in the following description, the attachment "between" the load-bearing frames means that the skin resides between the load-bearing frames, but does not need to reside between the load-bearing frames in absolute entirety of the skin. For example, in certain embodiments, edge portions of the skin overlap with respect to the respective load-bearing frame, e.g., for attachment purposes. The skin attached between the front and rear load-bearing frames should therefore be understood such that the skin can be attached from the load-bearing frames at its peripheral region in such a way that the skin can overlap the frames at said peripheral region but otherwise lie between the load-bearing frames.

The skin layers 130, 140 provide cross-dimensional rigidity (lateral support) to the front load-bearing frame 110 and the rear load-bearing frame 120.

The left hand side skin 130 includes attachment points 131-134 at each corner (or corner region) of the layer 130. Similarly, the right hand side skin 140 includes attachment points 141-144 at each corner (or corner region) of the layer 140. The skins 130, 140 are attached (preferably immovably) to the front and rear load-bearing frames 110, 120 at attachment points 131-134 and 141-144 to provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the front and rear load-bearing frames 110, 120. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the skin 130, 140 between the frames 110, 120 is generally in the form of a planar, uniform surface (forming a sound barrier).

Fig. 2A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 200 according to some embodiments, and fig. 2B illustrates the assembly of the chassis of the office 200 with the parts illustrated in fig. 2A. The office cabin 200 includes a front load-bearing frame 210, a rear load-bearing frame 220, a left-hand side skin 230, and a right-hand side skin 240. The left hand skin 230 is attached between the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 at the left hand side of the cabin 200, while the right hand skin 240 is attached between the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 at the right hand side of the cabin 200. The skin 230, 240 provides cross-dimensional rigidity (lateral support) to the front load-bearing frame 210 and the rear load-bearing frame 220. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the skin 230, 240 between the frames 210, 220 is generally in the form of a planar, uniform surface (forming a sound blocking layer).

The left hand side skin 230 includes attachment points 231-234 at each corner (or corner region) of the layer 230. Similarly, the right hand side skin 240 includes attachment points 241-244 at each corner (or corner region) of the skin 240. In contrast to the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the skin 230, 240 is not directly attached to the frame 210, 220, but there are separate connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 connecting the frame 210, 220, and the skin 230, 240 is attached to the frame 210, 220 via the respective connectors (preferably in an immovable manner).

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the left hand side skin 230 is attached at its top corners (or corner regions) at attachment points 231 and 232 to a first (upper) connector 251 attached between the frames 210, 220 at the upper left hand side of the pod 200. Similarly, left-hand side skin 230 is attached at its lower corners (or corner regions) to a second (lower) connector 252 attached between frames 210, 220 at the lower left-hand side of cabin 200 at attachment points 233 and 234.

The right hand side skin 240 is attached at its top corners (or corner regions) at attachment points 241 and 242 to a third (upper) connector 261 attached between frames 210, 220 at the upper right hand side of the pod 200. And, similarly, the right hand side skin 240 is attached at its lower corners (or corner regions) at attachment points 243 and 244 to a fourth (lower) connector 262 attached between the frames 210, 220 at the lower right hand side of the pod 200.

In certain embodiments, the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 themselves provide trans-dimensional rigidity to the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 substantially without participating in the functionality, but the skins 230, 240 provide trans-dimensional rigidity to the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 (as a combined effect with the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 in certain embodiments).

More generally, the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 need not provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220, as the skins 230, 240 provide this functionality, although the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 do so without compromising the rigidity of the cabin chassis. Thus, the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262 may be attached to the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 in a simple and economical manner.

Furthermore, the embodiments shown in fig. 1A-2B present attachment points at corners or corner regions. It should be noted that the present disclosure should not be limited to solutions having attachment points only at corners (or corner areas), but in embodiments of the present disclosure attachment points may also be present or may be present in other areas of the respective skin layers (as shown for example in the following description in connection with fig. 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B). However, any attachment points in these and further embodiments are preferably located at the peripheral region of the skin layer. In some embodiments, the skin is attached at its peripheral region, while the remaining (i.e., central) region is unattached. In some embodiments, the skins do not contact any structure behind them so that they can vibrate freely.

Fig. 3A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 200 according to some embodiments, and fig. 3B illustrates the assembly of the chassis plus ceiling and floor of the office 200 with the parts illustrated in fig. 3A. The embodiment shown in fig. 3A and 3B otherwise corresponds entirely to the structure and operation of the pod 200 shown and described above in connection with fig. 2A and 2B, but fig. 3A and 3B further illustrate a ceiling structure 270 and a floor structure 280 attached to the front load-bearing frame 210 and to the rear load-bearing frame 220. In certain embodiments, the ceiling structure 270 and the floor structure 280 themselves do not substantially participate in providing cross-dimensional rigidity to the front load-bearing frame 210 and the rear load-bearing frame 220. However, in certain embodiments, the rigidity of the cabin 200 is further enhanced by attaching the ceiling structure 270 and the floor structure 280.

More generally, the ceiling structure 270 and the floor structure 280 need not provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the front load-bearing frame 210 and the rear load-bearing frame 220, as the skin 230, 240 provides this functionality, although the ceiling structure 270 and the floor structure 280 do so without compromising the rigidity of the cabin chassis. Thus, the ceiling structure 270 and the floor structure 280 may be attached to the front load-bearing frame 210 and the rear load-bearing frame 220 in a simple and economical manner.

In certain embodiments, ceiling structure 270 is configured to perform a ventilation function. To this end, in certain embodiments, the ceiling structure includes an integrated ventilation system 271.

Fig. 4A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 200 according to some embodiments, and fig. 4B illustrates the assembly of the chassis plus ceiling and floor of the office 200 with the parts illustrated in fig. 4A. The embodiment shown in fig. 4A and 4B otherwise corresponds entirely to the structure and operation of the pod 200 shown and described above in connection with fig. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B, but fig. 4A and 4B further illustrate a left-hand skin 230 formed of two sub-pieces 230a and 230B. Similarly, right hand side skin 240 is formed from two sub-pieces 240a and 240 b. In some embodiments, the joints or regions of the sub-pieces contain appropriate stiffening arrangements (in order to provide rigidity to withstand, for example, skin expansion forces caused by a person in the cabin leaning against a wall). In some embodiments, the bonding region resides at the edge region of the sub-piece, while the other regions of the sub-piece (the central region) are generally in the form of a planar, uniform surface (forming a sound blocking layer). In certain embodiments, the junction or region includes or provides an attachment site for a fastener with which the sub-pieces 240a, 240b are attached together.

Fig. 5A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 300 according to some embodiments, and fig. 5B illustrates the assembly of the chassis plus ceiling and floor of the office 300 with the parts illustrated in fig. 5A. The embodiment shown in fig. 5A and 5B otherwise corresponds entirely to the structure and operation of the pod 200 shown and described above in connection with fig. 2A-4B, but fig. 5A and 5B further illustrate upper connectors (labeled 351 and 361) integrated with a ceiling structure (labeled 370) and lower connectors (labeled 352 and 362) integrated with a floor structure (labeled 380).

Fig. 6A shows a cross-sectional view of the office cabin 200 cut from a virtual horizontal plane a to obtain the office cabin 200 at the location where the right hand side skin 240 connects with the front load bearing frame 210. Fig. 6B shows an example in which the bent end portions of the skin 240 fit into corresponding vertical grooves in the frame 210. Fig. 6C illustrates an example that otherwise corresponds to the example illustrated in fig. 6A, except that the frame 210 further includes one or more magnets 215 at one side of the frame 210 to provide an attractive magnetic force between the frame 210 and the skin 240. Such magnets 215 provide ease of assembly because the skin 240 may be magnetically snapped in place, after which any other securement may be performed with the skin 240 already in place. Such magnets 215 provide an attachment force between the frame 210 and the skin 240 in order to prevent the skin 240 from rattling against the frame 210 without the need to use fasteners in those areas that are more time consuming in assembly of the cabin and/or that need to penetrate the acoustically important skin 240. The same applies to the use of magnets as described below.

Fig. 7A shows a cross-sectional view of the right-hand side wall structure of the office cabin 200 cut from a virtual horizontal plane a to obtain the office cabin 200. In this example, as shown in the cross-section of fig. 7B, the right hand side skin 240 is formed from two sub-pieces 240a and 240B, and the joining area where the sub-pieces 240a, 240B are joined includes a reinforcing arrangement 240c. The sub-pieces 240a, 240b include respective bent end portions to fit into respective vertical grooves in the respective frames 210, 220. The frame 210, 220 may include magnets 215, 225 at respective sides of the frame 210, 220 to provide attractive magnetic forces between the frame 210, 220 and the respective sub-pieces 240a, 240 b. The sub-pieces 240a, 240B may conformally continue along the surface of the respective frame beyond the location of the groove, as shown by the dotted line in fig. 7B.

The skin 240 formed by the sub-pieces 240a, 240b is followed by the sound absorbing layer 245 when moving towards the interior of the office 200. The sound absorbing layer may be attached to the front and rear load-bearing frames 210, 220 by respective attachment elements 214, 224.

The central regions of the sub-members 240a and 240B (and corresponding regions of the sound absorbing layer 245) have not been drawn in fig. 7B, but they have been marked by dashed short dashes.

Fig. 8A shows a similar office cabin 200 to fig. 7A and 7B cut by virtual horizontal plane a. Fig. 8B shows another example of a cross-section of a right-hand sidewall structure with a right-hand skin 240 formed from two sub-pieces 240a and 240B. The embodiment shown in fig. 8A and 8B otherwise corresponds entirely to the structure and operation of the pod 200 shown and described above in connection with fig. 7A and 7B, but with the connection points or areas at which the sub-pieces 240a, 240B are connected to the respective frames 210, 220 being located at different positions. Thus, the grooves in which the end portions (or protruding portions) of the sub-pieces 240a, 240b in the frames 210, 220 fit are located at the face of the respective frame 210, 220 substantially parallel to the face of the respective sub-piece 240a, 240 b. The sub-pieces 240a, 240B may continue conformally along the surface of the respective frame beyond the location of the groove (also over the corners of the respective frame), as shown by the dotted lines in fig. 8B.

The central regions of the sub-members 240a and 240B (and corresponding regions of the sound absorbing layer 245) have not been drawn in fig. 8B, but they have been marked by dashed short dashes.

Fig. 9A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a right-hand side wall structure (hereinafter the same applies to a left-hand side wall structure) of the office cabin 200 according to some embodiments. The wall structure essentially consists of a skin 240 followed by an immediately subsequent (superimposed thereon) sound absorbing layer 245. The skin 240 is substantially planar in form in the region where it resides between the front load-bearing frame 210 and the rear load-bearing frame 220. At the regions of the frames 210, 220, in some embodiments, the skin 240 includes curved or bent portions in these peripheral regions for attachment and/or for providing structural rigidity to the edge regions of the skin 240. In other embodiments, the skin 240 also remains planar at the area of the frame.

Fig. 9B illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a right-hand side wall structure (hereinafter the same applies to a left-hand side wall structure) of the office cabin 200 according to some further embodiments. In addition to the skin 240 and the (first) sound absorbing layer 245, the wall structure further comprises a second sound absorbing layer 246 (such as an inner liner) on top of (superposed on) the first sound absorbing layer 245, wherein the second sound absorbing layer 246 forms the inner surface of the office cabin 200. In certain embodiments, the first sound absorbing layer 245 and the second sound absorbing layer 246 together form a sound absorbing element 255.

Fig. 9C illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a right-hand side wall structure (hereinafter the same applies to a left-hand side wall structure) of the office cabin 200 according to some further embodiments. In those embodiments, the sound absorbing element 255 includes a sound absorbing material layer 245a and an air (gap) layer 245b in addition to the inner liner 246. In other embodiments, the order of the sound absorbing material layer 245a and the air layer 245b is reversed from that presented in fig. 9C. Thus, in some embodiments, the sound absorbing material layer 245a is closer to the skin 240.

Typically, the wall structure includes a skin 240 followed by a sound absorbing element 255. The sound absorbing element 255 includes at least one sound absorbing layer 245 (or sound absorbing material layer 245 a). In addition, the sound absorbing element 255 optionally includes an inner liner 246 as the innermost layer. Alternatively or in addition, the sound absorbing element 255 optionally includes one or more air (gap) layers 245b that may reside in any location between the skin 240 and the innermost material layer facing the cabin user. In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing (material) layer has a lofty material (such as Ewona fibrous mat) as compared to the stronger or denser material of the optional inner liner 246. In certain embodiments, the sound absorbing element 255 has a dust resistant material.

Fig. 10A illustrates an exploded view of selected parts of the office 1300 according to some embodiments, and fig. 10B illustrates an assembly of the office 1300 including the parts illustrated in fig. 10A. Similarly, as previously described, the office module 1300 includes a front load-bearing frame 1210, a rear load-bearing frame 1220, a left hand side skin 1230, and a right hand side skin 1240. However, in contrast to the previously described pods 100-300, the pod 1300 is a larger scale pod that provides space for multiple people.

In the office cabin 1300, a left hand skin 1230 is attached between the front load-bearing frame 1210 and the rear load-bearing frame 1220 at the left hand side of the cabin 1300, and a right hand skin 1240 is attached between the front load-bearing frame 1210 and the rear load-bearing frame 1220 at the right hand side of the cabin 1300.

The left hand side skin 1230 includes attachment points at each corner (or corner region) of the layer 1230. Similarly, right hand side skin 1240 includes attachment points at each corner (or corner region) of layer 1240. The skin 1230, 1240 is not directly attached to the frame 1210, 1220, but there are connectors 1251, 1352, 1261, 1362 connecting the frame 1210, 1220, and the skin 1230, 1240 is attached to the frame 1210, 1220 via the respective connectors.

In certain embodiments, the connectors 1251, 1352, 1261, and 1362 are non-vertical connectors. In certain embodiments, the connectors 1251, 1352, 1261, and 1362 are horizontal or substantially horizontal connectors. The same applies to the connectors 251, 252, 261, 262, 351, 352, 361 and 362 described previously.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 10A and 10B, left-hand side skin 1230 is attached at its top corner (or corner region) to a first (upper) connector 1251 attached between frames 1210, 1220 at the upper left-hand side of the pod 1300. Similarly, left hand side skin 1230 is attached at its lower corner (or corner region) to a second (lower) connector 1352 attached between frames 1210, 1220 at the lower left hand side of cabin 1300.

The right hand side skin 1240 is attached at its top corner (or corner region) to a third (upper) connector 1261 attached between frames 1210, 1220 at the upper right hand side of the pod 1300. And, similarly, right-hand skin 1240 is attached at its lower corner (or corner region) to a fourth (lower) connector 1362 attached between frames 1210, 1220 at the lower right-hand side of pod 1300.

The office cabin 1300 further includes a ceiling structure 1370 and a floor structure 1380 attached to the front load-bearing frame 1210 and to the rear load-bearing frame 1220.

In certain embodiments, the ceiling structure 1370 is configured to perform a ventilation function. To this end, in certain embodiments, the ceiling structure 1370 includes an integrated ventilation system 1271.

In certain embodiments, as shown in fig. 10A and 10B, the office cabin 1300 includes a first corner piece 1393 positioned between the front load-bearing frame 1210 and the rear load-bearing frame 1220 at the upper left corner of the cabin 1300. Similarly, a second corner piece 1394 is positioned between the front load-bearing frame 1210 and the rear load-bearing frame 1220 at the upper right corner of the pod 1300.

Fig. 10A and 10B further illustrate lower connectors, namely a second connector 1352 and a fourth connector 1362, integrated with the floor structure 1380.

Still further, fig. 10A and 10B illustrate a left hand side skin 1230 formed from two sub-pieces 1230A and 1230B. Similarly, right hand side skin 1240 is formed from two sub-pieces 1240a and 1240 b.

The skin 1230, 1240 formed from multiple sub-pieces (here: two sub-pieces) provides cross-dimensional rigidity (lateral support) to the front and rear load-bearing frames 1210, 1220. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the separate and joined sub-pieces 1230a and 1230b (1240 a and 1240b, respectively) of the skin layers 1230, 1240 between the frames 1210, 1220 are generally in the form of planar, uniform surfaces (forming a sound barrier) to provide the desired acoustic behavior. By desired acoustic behavior is meant the drumhead-like vibration behavior of the sidewall (as a metaphor).

Fig. 11A shows an enlargement of a detail of the office cabin 1300. Thus, fig. 11A shows an optional row of attachment points between the rightmost attachment point 1231 at the upper right corner (or corner region) of the left hand side skin 1230 and the leftmost attachment point 1232 at the upper left corner (or corner region) of the left hand side skin 1230. In some embodiments, left hand side skin 1230 is attached to first connector 1251 via these attachment points. The same applies to the right hand side wall.

Fig. 11B shows an enlargement of another detail of the office cabin 1300. Thus, fig. 11B shows a right-hand side skin 1240 formed from sub-pieces 1240a, 1240B and reinforcing arrangement 1240c at the junction or region of sub-pieces 1240a, 1240B. In the case of a person leaning against the side wall, the stiffening arrangement (or shape) 1240c in the middle provides anti-bulging support for the side wall (without degrading the desired acoustic behavior). The same applies to the left hand side wall.

Fig. 12 shows an enlargement of yet another detail of the office cabin 1300. Thus, fig. 12 shows the left hand side skin 1230 to be attached to the first connector 1251 at the rightmost attachment point 1231 at the upper right corner (or corner region) of the left hand side skin 1230, and the first connector 1251 to be attached to the front load bearing frame 1210 such that the left hand side skin 1230 is disposed onto the front load bearing frame 1210. The same applies to the right hand side wall.

Fig. 13 shows an enlargement of a further detail of the office cabin 1300. Thus, fig. 13 shows the left hand side skin 1230 attached to the first connector 1251 at the rightmost attachment point 1231 at the upper right corner (or corner region) of the left hand side skin 1230. Fig. 13 further shows a first corner piece 1393 attached to the left hand side skin 1230 at the same attachment point 1231. In certain embodiments, as shown in fig. 13, the left hand side skin 1230 and the end portion of the first corner piece 1393 are bent such that they overlap each other. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the curved features form pockets for receiving additional rails 1235 (shown schematically) for providing a system for attaching additional features or accessories to the pod, such as a shelf, desktop, or whiteboard. The same applies to the right hand side wall.

Fig. 14 shows further details of the office cabin 1300 according to some embodiments. In these embodiments, the office module 1300 includes optional cross supports 1555 between the front load-bearing frame 1210 and the rear load-bearing frame 1220. The additional cross-braces 1555 are positioned within the wall structure behind the skin 1240 (when the interior of the pod 1300 is accessed from the outside). The purpose of the cross supports 1555 is to provide anti-bulging support for the side wall in question in case a person leans against the side wall from the interior of the office. The actual configuration of cross-braces 1555 depends on the implementation.

Fig. 15 shows a similar cross brace 1555 in the office 100. Fig. 15 further shows a first sound absorbing layer 245 and a second sound absorbing layer 246 located behind the right hand side skin 240. Fig. 15 further illustrates a hollow rod 1666 attached between the front load-bearing frame 110 and the rear load-bearing frame 120. In certain embodiments, the hollow rod 1666 does not provide cross-dimensional rigidity (however, in other embodiments, the hollow rod may provide cross-dimensional rigidity), but accommodates mains voltage electrical components within the cabin structure and provides attachment for a working surface (not shown). In certain embodiments, the hollow rod provides a fire-resistant housing for the mains voltage electrical components of the cabin, thereby eliminating the need for a separate fire-resistant housing for the mains voltage electrical components. When used as such a fire-resistant housing, the hollow rod is made of a non-flammable material, such as metal, preferably steel, or a fire-retardant plastic, preferably 5VA plastic.

Fig. 16 shows a three-dimensional partial illustration of the right hand side skin 140, the first sound absorbing layer 245, and the inner liner 246 of the rear load bearing frame 120.

Fig. 17 illustrates an aspect of a cabin that encloses a sound-insulating workspace inside the cabin and includes a front load-bearing frame, a rear load-bearing frame, and a trans-dimensional rigidity that provides a skin attached between the front and rear load-bearing frames, and further includes a sound-absorbing layer proximate the skin. The office module is thus of the type described in the foregoing description and shown in the drawings. However, in other embodiments, fig. 17 only presents a sound-deadening wall structure, such as a side wall structure, of any office cabin that encloses a sound-deadening workspace inside the cabin. Fig. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the wall (sidewall) structure of a cabin comprising a skin 240 and a sound absorbing layer 245 next to the skin 240. The skin layer may be of metal (such as steel sheet) or of other sound blocking material. In a first alternative, as shown in the leftmost drawing of fig. 17, the skin 240 has a thickness d ₁ and the sound absorbing layer 245 has a thickness d ₂. In a second alternative, as shown in the rightmost drawing of fig. 17, the skin 240 likewise has a thickness d ₁ and the sound-absorbing element comprising a sound-absorbing material layer 245a having a thickness d _a and an air layer 245b having a thickness d _b has a (total) thickness d ₂.

In structures in which the (sound-blocking) surface layer is immediately followed by the sound-absorbing element, it has been observed that the properties of the different layers play an important role in the propagation and attenuation of sound within the structure. It has been observed that it is advantageous to select the coincidence frequency of the skin layers to remain outside a predetermined human speech frequency region. In certain embodiments, it is advantageous that the coincidence frequency is higher than the above-mentioned frequencies (areas) for the feasibility of a technical implementation in the walls of the office.

In certain embodiments, taking the above into account, it has been observed that it is advantageous if the coincidence frequency is higher than 5kHz, more preferably higher than 8 kHz. In some embodiments, the coincidence frequency f _c is defined based on the following equation

Where c is the speed of sound, ρ _A is the areal density of the skin, v is the poisson number, and E is the young's modulus of the skin.

Fig. 18 illustrates another cross-sectional view of a wall structure of a nacelle according to certain embodiments. Wherein the skin 240 is immediately followed by the sound absorbing element 255. The purpose of the sound absorbing element 255 is to absorb sound from the cabin interior in the following cases

(1) Before the sound reaches the skin 240; and

(2) After the sound has reached the skin 240 and has been reflected back.

The sound absorbing member 255 is composed of at least a fluffy sound absorbing material (sound absorbing material layer 245 a). Porous and open-cell materials represent suitable types of sound absorbing materials. Specific examples of suitable materials are for example Ewona fibre mats or similar materials. In certain embodiments, the fluffy sound-absorbing material has dust-proof material. In certain embodiments, the flow resistance of the fluffy sound absorbing material is below 100kPas/m ² in order to prevent echoes (sound being reflected back from the sound absorbing material), but the preferred range of flow resistance for sound absorption extends from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

Optionally, the sound absorbing element 255 includes:

An inner liner 246. This layer is the inner layer facing the user of the cabin. In certain embodiments, the inner liner 246 has a stronger and/or denser material than the material of the sound absorbing material layer 245a for providing a durable inner surface for the cabin interior, for providing a more rigid surface for leaning against, and for providing a finished cabin interior surface for the user. However, such a liner 246 with a relatively high flow resistance should be sufficiently porous to prevent echo formation (i.e., not reflect sound back to the extent that it interferes with a human talker). Accordingly, the flow resistance of liner 246 is preferably less than 100kPas/m ², more preferably less than 40kPas/m ². When the sound absorbing element includes a stronger and/or denser inner liner 246, the sound absorbing material behind the inner liner 246 may have a lofty material of lower flow resistance. In this way, the use of liner layer 246 enables the use of a material having a lower flow resistance behind it. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the inner liner 246 is preferably at most 20%, or more preferably at most 10%, of the thickness of the (fluffy) sound-absorbing material layer 245 a.

Air layer (air gap) 245b. The air layer 245b may be located on either side of the (fluffy) sound absorbing material layer 245a, or there may be more air layers. However, preferably, the total thickness of the air layer is less than half the total thickness of the layered sound absorbing element 255.

It has been observed that human speech has its highest intensity around 500Hz frequency (see illustrative figure 19). Thus, in certain embodiments, the total thickness of the sound absorbing element has a total thickness of greater than 1/8 of the wavelength of human speech at a frequency of 500 Hz. In view of this, it is advantageous if the total thickness of the sound-absorbing element is 50mm or more, or more preferably 85mm or more. At the same time, however, in order for the wall structure itself to occupy a small volume in the space in which it is used, the maximum thickness for the wall structure as a whole is 200mm, more preferably 100mm. Thus, in certain embodiments, the total thickness of the wall structure is less than 200mm, more preferably less than 100mm. Furthermore, in certain preferred embodiments, the total thickness of the wall structure is less than 150mm.

In certain embodiments, the flow resistance of the sound absorbing element is in the range of from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ² (kilopascals per square meter), more preferably in the range of from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ². In any case, the flow resistance of the sound-absorbing layer is at most 100kPas/m ², preferably at most 40kPas/m ², to avoid unwanted reflection of sound from the sound-absorbing layer, especially in consonants of human speech, which can impair the acoustic experience of a user using the office. This maximum is particularly useful in the presence of the inner liner 246 facing the interior of the cabin, where the inner liner has a higher flow resistance than the other material layers of the sound absorbing element 255.

In certain embodiments, the flow resistance of the liner 246 is at most 100kPas/m ², more preferably at most 40kPas/m ², and the flow resistance of the or each of the other material layers of the sound absorbing element is in the range extending from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sound absorbing element 255 is greater than 1/8 of the wavelength of human speech at a frequency of 500Hz, and the flow resistance of the sound absorbing element 255 falls within the range extending from 4 kPascals/m ² to 30 kPascals/m ², and in more preferred embodiments from 5 kPascals/m ² to 15 kPascals/m ². In certain preferred embodiments, the thickness of the sound absorbing element 255 is 85mm or greater, and the flow resistance of the sound absorbing element 255 falls within the range extending from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ².

As an example of a wall structure specifically designed for, but not limited to, smaller cabins (such as single user cabins), the office cabin includes:

steel with a thickness of 1.0-1.5mm as a surface layer

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fibers having a thickness of 50-80mm and a density of 15-50kg/m ³, preferably 15-25kg/m ³ as sound-absorbing layer

PET or PES radical (poly (ethylene succinate)) having a thickness of 2-12mm and a density of 200-250kg/m ³

The felt acts as an inner liner, optionally including a textile as the innermost (user facing) coating.

As another example of a wall structure specifically designed for, but not limited to, a larger scale cabin, the cabin includes:

steel with a thickness of 1.0-2.0mm as a surface layer

PET fibers having a thickness of 50-90mm and a density of 15-50kg/m ³, preferably 20-30kg/m ³, as sound-absorbing layer

PET or PES-based felt with a thickness of 2-12mm and a density of 200-250kg/m ³ as inner liner, optionally including textile as innermost (user-facing) coating.

Fig. 20 illustrates the location of attachment points for a single piece skin (e.g., skin 240) in accordance with certain embodiments. To provide cross-dimensional rigidity, in some embodiments, the skin 240 includes at least three attachment points 24X at a peripheral region of the skin. Fig. 20 shows some alternatives of the positioning of these attachment points.

Fig. 21 illustrates the location of attachment points for a skin formed from multiple sub-pieces (here: two sub-pieces 240a and 240 b) in accordance with certain embodiments. In embodiments in which the sub-pieces are joined to each other by a similar stiffening arrangement (leftmost view), the skin (combination) 240 comprises at least three attachment points 24X at the peripheral region of the skin 240. If the sub-pieces 240a, 240b are not engaged with each other (such that the sub-pieces 240a and 240b are movable relative to each other), at least three attachment points (as previously shown in connection with fig. 20) are required to be applied separately to the two sub-pieces (rightmost).

In a certain embodiment, four or more attachment points are implemented instead of three.

Various embodiments have been presented. It should be understood that in this document, the words "comprise", "comprising" and "include" are each used as open-ended expressions with no exclusive intent.

Without limiting the scope and interpretation of the patent claims, certain technical effects of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein are listed below. The technical effect is a lighter office structure than a conventional cabin formed by heavy modular side wall structures, but still achieving good sound insulation properties, especially in the human voice frequency range. Another technical effect is that the assembly of the capsule is easier and simpler due to the simplified structure comprising fewer parts and/or material layers. Another technical effect is that the cabin is more economical to manufacture due to the saving of raw materials. Another technical effect is to be able to realize a thin wall structure suitable for use in offices, which provides sound-insulating properties as good as previously known thick wall structures, in particular in the human voice frequency range. Another technical effect is that the cabin and/or wall structure is more environmentally friendly and sound insulating due to reduced material consumption and the energy consumption in the logistics is reduced due to smaller traffic and weight. Another technical effect is to provide a wall structure or a office cabin having the wall structure that is least harmful to health during construction, assembly and/or use. Another technical effect is to provide a nacelle without corner posts or columns for ease of assembly and/or enhanced rigidity. Another technical effect is to simultaneously achieve two or more of the above effects.

The foregoing description has provided by way of non-limiting examples of specific implementations and embodiments a full and informative description of the best mode presently contemplated by the inventors for carrying out the invention. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art, however, that the present invention is not limited to details of the embodiments presented above, but that equivalent means may be used or different combinations of embodiments may be implemented in other embodiments without deviating from the characteristics of the invention.

Furthermore, some of the features of the previously disclosed exemplary embodiments may be used to advantage without the corresponding use of other features. As such, the following description should be considered as merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and not in limitation thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended patent claims.

Claims

1. A cabin enclosing a sound-insulating workspace inside the cabin, the cabin comprising:

2. The office cabin of claim 1 comprising the skin having a coincidence frequency outside the predetermined human voice frequency region defined based on a frequency having a maximum intensity of human voice.

3. A nacelle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coincidence frequency is higher than 5kHz, preferably higher than 8kHz.

4. The office cabin of any preceding claim wherein the skin is the only sound blocking layer in the wall structure.

5. The office cabin of any preceding claim, wherein the sound absorbing element has a total thickness of greater than 1/8 of a wavelength of human speech at a frequency of 500 Hz.

6. A cabin according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the skin forming an outer surface of the cabin, followed by the sound absorbing element facing the interior of the cabin.

7. The office cabin of claim 6, wherein the sound absorbing element comprises a first sound absorbing material layer and a second sound absorbing material layer, wherein the second sound absorbing material layer is closer to the interior of the office cabin and forms an inner liner.

8. The office cabin of any preceding claim comprising at least one air layer between the skin and the sound absorbing material layer of the sound absorbing element.

9. The office cabin of claim 8, wherein a total thickness of the air layer is less than half of the total thickness of the sound absorbing element.

10. The office cabin according to any preceding claim wherein the sound absorbing element has a total flow resistance of less than 100kPas/m ², more preferably less than 40kPas/m ².

11. The office cabin of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein

The first sound-absorbing material layer has a flow resistance in the range from 4kPas/m ² to 30kPas/m ², more preferably in the range from 5kPas/m ² to 15kPas/m ², and

-Said second sound absorbing material layer has a flow resistance of at most 100kPas/m ², more preferably at most 40kPas/m ².

12. The office cabin of any preceding claim, wherein the sound absorbing element has a dust-proof material.

13. A nacelle according to any preceding claim, wherein the total thickness of the wall structure is less than 200mm, more preferably less than 100mm.

14. A nacelle according to any preceding claim, comprising a load bearing support structure to which the skin is attached so as to provide cross-dimensional rigidity to the support structure.

15. A sound-deadening wall structure formed of a sound absorbing element and a skin, wherein the skin has a coincidence frequency outside a predetermined human voice frequency region.