CN118075658A - Multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer and method based on low mechanical quality factor - Google Patents
Multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer and method based on low mechanical quality factor Download PDFInfo
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- CN118075658A CN118075658A CN202211465832.1A CN202211465832A CN118075658A CN 118075658 A CN118075658 A CN 118075658A CN 202211465832 A CN202211465832 A CN 202211465832A CN 118075658 A CN118075658 A CN 118075658A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor and a method thereof, belonging to the field of underwater acoustic transducers. The problem that the existing underwater sound transmitting transducer can not realize ultra-wideband and multi-mode coupling is solved. The piezoelectric crystal pile comprises a first layer front cover plate, a second layer front cover plate, a rear cover plate, a piezoelectric crystal pile, a prestress screw, electrode leads and a shell, wherein the first layer front cover plate, the second layer front cover plate, the piezoelectric crystal pile and the rear cover plate are arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the radius of the second layer front cover plate is smaller than that of the first layer front cover plate, and the first layer front cover plate is used as a radiation surface of the transducer. The invention has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, large bandwidth and simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, and particularly relates to a multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor and a method thereof.
Background
The small underwater sonar carrying platform has wide application in the ocean field, such as an underwater Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), and fully plays roles of ocean monitoring, information collection and anti-water lightning. At this time, greatly reducing the volume and weight of the sonar equipment can greatly improve the maneuverability of the small platform and increase the payload capacity of the system. Meanwhile, in order to increase the functional diversity of UUV platforms, active emission systems are required to have ultra-wide band coverage. Therefore, the underwater sound emission transducer with small volume, large bandwidth and high emission sound source level is an important guarantee for improving the efficiency of the sonar system.
At present, a composite rod transducer based on a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal simply refers to the structural design concept of a traditional piezoelectric ceramic composite rod transducer on a front cover plate, and although the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal has higher emission voltage response or smaller volume due to high energy density and low frequency constant, the potential of realizing the bandwidth expansion of the transducer due to the high electromechanical coupling coefficient of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal is not exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application aims to provide a multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor so as to solve the problem that the existing underwater acoustic transmitting transducer can not realize ultra-wideband and multimode coupling. The application provides a new idea for the transmitting transducer to realize ultra-wideband by utilizing multi-mode coupling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
The multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer comprises a first layer of front cover plate, a second layer of front cover plate, a rear cover plate, a piezoelectric crystal stack, a prestress screw, electrode leads and a shell, wherein the first layer of front cover plate, the second layer of front cover plate, the piezoelectric crystal stack and the rear cover plate are arranged in the shell from top to bottom, the first layer of front cover plate is arranged on the second layer of front cover plate, the first layer of front cover plate is arranged at the opening end of the shell, the prestress screw sequentially penetrates through the first layer of front cover plate, the second layer of front cover plate, the piezoelectric crystal stack and the rear cover plate to be in threaded connection, and the prestress screw applies prestress to the piezoelectric crystal stack;
The two layers of front cover plates are light metal wafers, the radius of the second layer of front cover plate is smaller than that of the first layer of front cover plate, the first layer of front cover plate is used as a radiation surface of the transducer, the piezoelectric crystal stack is a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal oscillator group, the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal oscillator group comprises an even number of single crystal oscillators in 32 modes polarized along the [011] c direction, each two single crystal oscillators in 32 modes form a pair, four pairs of single crystal oscillators in 32 modes are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the rear cover plate in circumference, each pair of single crystal oscillators in 32 modes is provided with three electrode slices, an electrode lead is led out on each electrode slice, all the electrode leads penetrate through the outer shell, and the opening end of the outer shell is sealed with the first layer of front cover plate by arranging a layer of polyurethane material.
Furthermore, the single crystal vibrator in the 32 mode selects a three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal polarized in the [011] c direction.
Furthermore, the upper end face of the rear cover plate is provided with positioning grooves for accommodating four pairs of single crystal vibrators in a 32-mode.
Further, the size of the three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal is 8.6mm in length, 8mm in width and 2mm in thickness.
Still further, the total height of the underwater acoustic transducer is 30mm and the diameter is 48mm.
Further, the prestress screw sequentially penetrates through the central hole of the first layer front cover plate, the central hole of the second layer front cover plate and the space surrounded by four pairs of single crystal vibrators in 32 modes of the piezoelectric crystal stack to be in threaded connection with the central threaded hole of the rear cover plate.
Furthermore, the first layer front cover plate and the second layer front cover plate are both made of beryllium aluminum alloy.
Furthermore, the material of the rear cover plate is structural steel.
Further, the shell is made of stainless steel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a multimode coupled wideband monocrystalline underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor, which specifically includes the following steps:
(a) Selecting three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals polarized in [011] c direction, obtaining 8 single crystal vibrators with the length of 8.6mm, the width of 8mm and the thickness of 2mm, and leading out electrode wires through conductive silver glue;
(b) Placing the eight relaxation ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators at the grooved positions in the rear cover plate, and positioning the eight relaxation ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate;
(c) And connecting and assembling the modularized vibrator group and the two beryllium aluminum alloy front cover plates, connecting and assembling the structural steel rear cover plates through prestress screws, putting the structural steel rear cover plates into a stainless steel shell, decoupling and vibration isolation treatment, and finally, filling polyurethane materials into the surfaces of the front cover plates to realize sealing.
Compared with the prior art, the multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor changes the design concept of the traditional composite rod transducer on the front cover plate, selects the material with small density and large Young modulus as the front cover plate, reduces the mechanical quality factor of the transducer, expands the bandwidth of the first-order longitudinal vibration of the transducer, and has the bandwidth reaching 80 percent, wherein the traditional composite rod transducer is only about 30 percent.
(2) The multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor utilizes anisotropy of a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal, utilizes a 32-vibrator TROB vibration mode of a three-party relaxation ferroelectric single crystal polarized along the [001] c direction, and finally realizes multimode coupling of a 32-vibrator transverse expansion mode, a front cover plate bending mode and a 32-vibrator TROB vibration mode of the transducer, thereby realizing the purpose of expanding the bandwidth of the transducer. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, large bandwidth and simple structure.
(3) The multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor has a small volume (1/5 of the volume of the ceramic transducer with the same resonant frequency), and the working bandwidth can cover two octaves or more. Meanwhile, the preparation method has the characteristics of simple preparation process, flexible combination and suitability for mass production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multimode coupled wideband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vibrator group module of a multimode coupled wideband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission voltage response of a multimode coupled wideband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A polyurethane material; 2. a second layer front cover plate; 3. a first layer front cover plate; 4. a piezoelectric crystal stack; 5. a pre-stressing screw; 6. a back cover plate; 7. a housing; 8. an electrode lead; 9. an electrode sheet; 10. a positioning groove; 11. a single crystal vibrator of 32 mode.
Detailed Description
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention will be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features which are described below and which are involved in the various embodiments of the invention can be combined with one another as long as they do not conflict with one another.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor comprises a first layer front cover plate 2, a second layer front cover plate 3, a rear cover plate 6, a piezoelectric crystal stack 4, a pre-stress screw 5, electrode leads 8 and a shell 7, wherein the first layer front cover plate 2, the second layer front cover plate 3, the piezoelectric crystal stack 4 and the rear cover plate 6 are arranged in the shell 7 from top to bottom, the first layer front cover plate 2 is arranged on the second layer front cover plate 3, the first layer front cover plate 2 is arranged at the opening end of the shell 7, the pre-stress screw 5 sequentially penetrates through the first layer front cover plate 2, the second layer front cover plate 3, the piezoelectric crystal stack 4 and the rear cover plate 6 to be in threaded connection, and the pre-stress screw 5 applies pre-stress to the piezoelectric crystal stack 4;
The two layers of front cover plates are light metal wafers, the radius of the second layer of front cover plate 3 is smaller than that of the first layer of front cover plate 2, the first layer of front cover plate 2 is used as a radiation surface of a transducer, the piezoelectric crystal stack 4 is a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal vibrator group, the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal vibrator group comprises 32-mode single crystal vibrators 11 polarized along the [011] c direction in even number, each two 32-mode single crystal vibrators form a pair, four pairs of 32-mode single crystal vibrators are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the rear cover plate 6 in circumference, and each pair of 32-mode single crystal vibrators are provided with three electrode plates 9, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: an electrode plate is arranged between two single crystal vibrators in 32 modes, an electrode plate is respectively arranged on the outer side faces of the single crystal vibrators in 32 modes, an electrode lead is led out of each electrode plate, the middle electrode lead of each vibrator is a ground wire, two electrode wires on two sides are connected with a high-voltage terminal, two groups of electrode leads 8 consisting of the ground wire and the high-voltage wire are all arranged through a shell 7, and the opening end of the shell 7 is sealed to a first front cover plate 3 by arranging a layer of polyurethane material 1.
A plurality of macroscopic symmetries are obtained by polarizing the relaxed ferroelectric single crystals of different crystalline phase structures in different directions. Thus, the piezoelectric, dielectric, elastic properties of the relaxed ferroelectric single crystal exhibit strong spatial anisotropy and special elastic characteristics. For example, a three-phase relaxor ferroelectric single crystal polarized in the [011] c direction has a 32 single crystal vibrator having not only a higher piezoelectric coefficient d 32 (-1766 pC/N) but also a higher piezoelectric coefficient d 31 (611 pC/N). At the same time from 1 directionThe Poisson coefficient of strain induced 2-direction (([ 100] c) strain can reach 1.8, according to the theory of transverse two-dimensional coupling vibration mode, the 32-mode resonance frequency of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal is lower, larger displacement can be generated in the 2-direction in a low frequency band, the 31-mode resonance frequency of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal is higher, vibration in the 1-direction of a high frequency band can also be converted into displacement in the 2-direction through the Poisson effect, and the vibration mode based on the Poisson effect, namely a transverse resonance beam orthogonal (TROB) mode, can be used for coupling the 32 vibration mode with the TROB vibration mode by adjusting the size of the 32 single crystal vibrator.
The single crystal vibrator 11 of the 32 mode selects a three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxation ferroelectric single crystal polarized in the [011] c direction. The size of the three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal is 8.6mm in length, 8mm in width and 2mm in thickness; the two three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals are vertically placed, and the length direction of the three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals is the height direction and the width direction is the upper end face and the lower end face during placement. The total height of the underwater acoustic transducer is 30mm and the diameter is 48mm.
A positioning groove 10 for accommodating four pairs of single crystal vibrators in a 32 mode is formed in the upper end face of the rear cover plate 6; through the mode of grooving, the positions of the monocrystal vibrators can be ensured to be distributed symmetrically along the center, and meanwhile, the positions of the monocrystal vibrators can be prevented from sliding in the assembly process of the transducer, so that the assembly of the transducer is simpler.
The prestress screw 5 sequentially penetrates through the central hole of the first layer front cover plate 2, the central hole of the second layer front cover plate 3 and the space surrounded by four pairs of single crystal vibrators in 32 modes of the piezoelectric crystal stack 4 to be in threaded connection with the central threaded hole of the rear cover plate 6.
The first front cover plate 2 and the second front cover plate 3 are both made of beryllium aluminum alloy. The rear cover plate 6 is made of structural steel. The shell 7 is made of stainless steel. The beryllium aluminum alloy with light weight and high rigidity is selected as a front cover plate material, the two layers of front cover plates are different in radius, the second layer of front cover plate 3 with smaller radius is in contact with the monocrystal vibrator, the first layer of front cover plate 2 with larger radius is used as a radiation surface, radiation acoustic impedance is further increased, and therefore the mechanical quality factor of the transducer can be further reduced on the basis of guaranteeing the rigidity of the front cover plates by selecting the two layers of front cover plates with different sizes.
The application changes the design concept of the front cover plate of the single crystal composite rod transducer, can reduce the mechanical quality factor by reducing the quality of the front cover plate, and realizes the matching of the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the transducer and the mechanical quality factor K eff effective electromechanical coupling coefficient), and further the bandwidth of the first-order longitudinal vibration mode of the single crystal transducer can be expanded.
The high energy density and low frequency constant of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal enable the single crystal transducer to have higher emission voltage response or smaller volume, which can be 1/5 of the volume of the ceramic transducer with the same resonance frequency; the multi-mode coupling of the 32 vibrator transverse expansion mode, the front cover plate bending mode and the 32 vibrator TROB vibration mode of the transducer realizes that the working bandwidth can cover two octaves and more.
A manufacturing method of a multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals polarized in the [011] c direction are selected, 8 single crystal vibrators with the length of 8.6mm, the width of 8mm and the thickness of 2mm are obtained, and electrode wires are led out through conductive silver glue;
(b) Placing the eight relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators at the grooved positions in the rear cover plate 6, and positioning the eight relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate;
(c) And connecting and assembling the modularized vibrator group and the two beryllium aluminum alloy front cover plates, connecting and assembling the rear cover plate 6 of the structural steel by the prestress screw 5, putting the rear cover plate into the stainless steel shell 7, performing decoupling vibration isolation treatment, and finally, pouring the polyurethane material 1 on the surface of the front cover plate to realize sealing.
As shown in FIG. 3, the response diagram of the sending voltage of the underwater sound transducer of the three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxation ferroelectric monocrystal vibrator with the total height of 30mm, the diameter of 48mm, the length of 8 pieces of 8.6mm, the width of 8mm and the thickness of 2mm is shown, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, the first longitudinal vibration resonance peak, the second front cover plate bending mode resonance peak and the third TROB resonance peak are respectively 19kHz, 42kHz and 78kHz, so that the multimode coupling of the transducer is realized, and the bandwidth of the transducer is further expanded.
The multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on the low mechanical quality factor provided by the invention takes a single excitation source as an example, can be practically expanded into a double excitation source, and can be flexibly combined in a single crystal module form.
The inventive embodiments disclosed above are merely intended to help illustrate the inventive embodiments. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer based on a low mechanical quality factor, characterized by: the piezoelectric crystal pile comprises a first layer front cover plate (2), a second layer front cover plate (3), a rear cover plate (6), a piezoelectric crystal pile (4), a prestress screw (5), electrode leads (8) and a shell (7), wherein the first layer front cover plate (2), the second layer front cover plate (3), the piezoelectric crystal pile (4) and the rear cover plate (6) are arranged in the shell (7) from top to bottom, the first layer front cover plate (2) is arranged on the second layer front cover plate (3), the first layer front cover plate (2) is arranged at the opening end of the shell (7), the prestress screw (5) sequentially penetrates through the first layer front cover plate (2), the second layer front cover plate (3), the piezoelectric crystal pile (4) and the rear cover plate (6) in threaded connection, and the prestress screw (5) applies prestress to the piezoelectric crystal pile (4);
The two-layer front cover plate is a light metal wafer, the radius of the second-layer front cover plate (3) is smaller than that of the first-layer front cover plate (2), the first-layer front cover plate (2) is used as a radiation surface of the transducer, the piezoelectric crystal stack (4) is a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal oscillator group, the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal oscillator group comprises 32-mode single crystal oscillators (11) polarized along the [011] c direction, each two 32-mode single crystal oscillators form a pair, four pairs of 32-mode single crystal oscillators are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the rear cover plate (6) in circumference, each pair of 32-mode single crystal oscillators is provided with three electrode slices (9), one electrode lead (8) is led out on each electrode slice, all the electrode leads (8) are all led out of the outer shell (7), and the opening end of the outer shell (7) is sealed by arranging one layer of polyurethane material (1) on the first-layer front cover plate (3).
2. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the single crystal vibrator (11) of the 32 mode selects a three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxation ferroelectric single crystal polarized in the [011] c direction.
3. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the upper end face of the rear cover plate (6) is provided with positioning grooves (10) for accommodating four pairs of single crystal vibrators in a 32-mode.
4. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 2 wherein: the size of the three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal is 8.6mm in length, 8mm in width and 2mm in thickness.
5. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the total height of the underwater acoustic transducer is 30mm and the diameter is 48mm.
6. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the prestress screw (5) sequentially penetrates through the central hole of the first layer front cover plate (2), the central hole of the second layer front cover plate (3) and the space surrounded by four pairs of single crystal vibrators in 32 modes of the piezoelectric crystal stack (4) to be in threaded connection with the central threaded hole of the rear cover plate (6).
7. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the first layer front cover plate (2) and the second layer front cover plate (3) are made of beryllium aluminum alloy.
8. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the rear cover plate (6) is made of structural steel.
9. A low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 wherein: the shell (7) is made of stainless steel.
10. A method of manufacturing a low mechanical quality factor based multimode coupled wideband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer according to any of claims 1-9, characterized by: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Selecting three-phase PMN-PIN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals polarized in [011] c direction, obtaining 8 single crystal vibrators with the length of 8.6mm, the width of 8mm and the thickness of 2mm, and leading out electrode wires through conductive silver glue;
(b) Placing the eight relaxation ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators in the grooved positions in the rear cover plate (6), and positioning the eight relaxation ferroelectric monocrystal vibrators between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate (6);
(c) And connecting and assembling the modularized vibrator group and the two beryllium aluminum alloy front cover plates, connecting and assembling the structural steel rear cover plates through a prestress screw (5), putting the structural steel rear cover plates into a stainless steel shell, decoupling and vibration isolation treatment, and finally, pouring polyurethane materials (1) on the surfaces of the front cover plates to realize sealing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211465832.1A CN118075658A (en) | 2022-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | Multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer and method based on low mechanical quality factor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211465832.1A CN118075658A (en) | 2022-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | Multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer and method based on low mechanical quality factor |
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| CN118075658A true CN118075658A (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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| CN202211465832.1A Pending CN118075658A (en) | 2022-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | Multimode coupling broadband single crystal underwater acoustic transducer and method based on low mechanical quality factor |
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