CN118067948A - Nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper; 2. selecting a typical area on the surface of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine, and polishing and corroding the typical area; 3. performing metallographic structure on-site replica and prior austenite grain boundary on-site replica on a region to be detected; 4. and judging the heat treatment quality of the mining mechanical alloy steel casting in the processing process according to the microstructure. The invention selects the typical area for polishing and corrosion, adopts on-site replication to obtain the real and clear grain size, the residual as-cast structure and the metallographic microstructure category, judges whether the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is qualified, realizes the shaping treatment of no pollution, no damage and no deformation of the matrix structure, effectively realizes the accurate reproduction of the body structure on a metallographic microscope, and has the characteristics of nondestructive detection, accuracy, high efficiency, safety, environmental protection and low cost.
Description
Method field
The invention belongs to the field of detection of heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery, and particularly relates to a nondestructive detection method of heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery.
Background method
Metallographic analysis and detection are one of important means of material research and metallurgical mechanical products, and metallographic structure determines heat treatment quality. At present, the on-site metallographic nondestructive analysis method is the trend of on-line detection and tissue analysis development, and especially the front of research and application of the on-site metallographic nondestructive analysis method in European countries such as Germany, italy and the like. The on-site metallographic nondestructive testing analysis method is an on-line testing of the performance of the parts, has great significance in preventing early failure of the parts and predicting the service life of the parts, is dedicated to research and study in all countries, and is developed.
With the rapid development of coal mine machinery, because the mining machinery has complex structure and huge volume, many mining machinery is cast, especially the rocker arm, the traction part and the walking box shell are used as dynamic load components, and when the mining machinery is applied in a severe alternating load stress state, the heat treatment quality of the material has an important influence on the service life of the mining machinery. The safe service of the alloy steel casting has important significance for the safe and reliable operation of the mining mechanical equipment. Once the cast steel shell breaks and fails, the coal mining shell is damaged, the hidden gear is damaged, and meanwhile, huge economic loss and potential safety hazards are brought; in order to avoid serious safety accidents, the internal heat treatment quality of the cast shell is rapidly detected, and the method becomes a scientific problem which needs to be solved in the coal mine machinery industry. As the alloy steel casting of the coal mining machine with complex stress, the quality of the casting process and the heat treatment process of the component materials is strictly controlled, and at present, the domestic mode for judging whether the component materials accord with is mainly to indirectly reflect the internal quality of the component body by adopting the performance of a continuous casting test block. On one hand, the detection of the continuous casting test block needs to be subjected to procedures such as gas cutting and cutting processing, and the like, the detection period is long, the detection cost is high, and on the other hand, the internal quality of the cast part cannot be truly displayed. If the sample is taken from the body, the integrity of the parts is destroyed, and the use strength of the parts is affected, so that a nondestructive testing method for researching the heat treatment quality of the parts is needed. The mode of on-site sample preparation, erosion and film coating is different due to the different materials and heat treatment quality of the coal mine machinery.
The alloy cast steel of the mining machinery is easy to generate micro segregation and dendrite loosening due to the types Duo and the content Gao of alloy elements, and a clear and effective metallographic microstructure can not be obtained for a conventional on-site metallographic replica method. According to the requirements of CB/T3694-1995 and DL/T652-1998, acetone is generally used in field metallographic replica AC paper and replica solvent, and the substance has the advantages of irritation, toxicity, easy explosion, and severe/chronic poisoning phenomenon when in contact, and is harmful to human body; in addition, the purchasing needs to be carried out to public security authorities, and the purchasing time is long. In addition, the on-site metallographic phase replica process of the mining machinery casting sample generally needs 60 minutes/time, the detection efficiency is low, and a high-efficiency on-site metallographic phase nondestructive detection method is needed.
In summary, how to realize the heat treatment tissue identification detection of the cast steel of the on-site mining machinery alloy in the shortest time by the on-site heat treatment quality nondestructive testing rapid experimental method, greatly reduce the damage detection, shorten the judging program, and rapidly and nondestructively judge the internal quality of the cast heat treatment is still problematic.
Therefore, there is a need for a non-destructive inspection method for the heat treatment quality of alloy cast steel parts of mining machinery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art, and provides a nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery. According to the method, typical areas are selected on the surface of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine in the machining process, grinding and polishing treatment and corrosion treatment are carried out on each selected typical area to obtain typical areas to be detected, a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine are detected, then on-site reconstruction of metallographic structures is carried out on each area to be detected, and metallographic microstructure of a typical position of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is obtained, so that the structure condition of a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is obtained, and the defect that the heat treatment quality of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine cannot be accurately controlled due to huge volume, complex structure and large wall thickness difference of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is overcome.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized by being used for carrying out on-site nondestructive testing on the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery in the processing process and comprises the following steps of:
Step one, preparing environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of the mechanical alloy steel casting in the processing process, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be detected; the mining machine alloy cast steel is a low-medium alloy cast steel or a high-alloy cast steel;
Thirdly, sequentially carrying out on-site replica of metallographic structure and on-site replica of prior austenite grain boundary on the to-be-detected area obtained in the second step by adopting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step to obtain microstructure of a typical area of the alloy steel casting of the mining machinery;
and step four, judging the heat treatment quality of the mining mechanical alloy steel casting in the processing process according to the microstructure obtained in the step three.
According to the invention, typical areas are selected on the surface of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine in the processing process, each selected typical area is subjected to polishing treatment and corrosion treatment to obtain a typical area to be detected, a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine are detected, and then each area to be detected is subjected to metallographic structure on-site reconstruction to obtain metallographic microstructure of a typical position of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine, so that the structure condition of a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is obtained, and the defect that the alloy cast steel of the mining machine cannot accurately control the heat treatment quality of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine due to huge volume, complex structure and large wall thickness difference of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is solved; the invention realizes rapid on-line, nondestructive, efficient and accurate detection of the metallographic structure of the typical position of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine, so as to judge the heat treatment quality of different positions of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine, effectively solve the field detection of the metallographic structure of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine after heat treatment, save the working procedures of cutting, sampling and repair welding of a part machine tool, reduce the influence on the quality of the part, shorten the detection period, reduce the detection cost and improve the detection quality.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is characterized in that the manufacturing process of the environmental-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper in the first step is as follows: fully dissolving ethyl cellulose into absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding methyl violet and polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, stirring rapidly until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, solidifying to obtain the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, and storing in a drying vessel.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the mining machine alloy steel casting is characterized in that the grinding and polishing treatment process when the mining machine alloy steel casting is a low-alloy steel casting and a medium-alloy steel casting in the second step is as follows: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the mesh number of 200# to 320# while coarsely polishing, adding deionized water, selecting wet sand paper with the mesh number of 400# to 1200# while finely polishing step by step, and adopting fluff polishing cloth and polishing paste while intermittently spraying deionized water, wherein the diameters of the wet sand paper and the fluff polishing cloth are 20mm, and the polishing paste is chromium oxide polishing paste, aluminum oxide polishing paste or artificial diamond polishing agent; the grinding and polishing treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: adopting an angle grinder, selecting a nylon polishing sheet, adding deionized water while roughly grinding, then selecting a PVA polishing wheel with the granularity of 280# to 1200#, adding deionized water while finely grinding step by step, and spraying deionized water while polishing by adopting a felt wheel and a polishing paste, wherein the diameters of the nylon polishing sheet, the PVA polishing wheel and the felt wheel are all 20mm, and the polishing paste is an artificial diamond polishing agent; the diameter of each region to be detected is 10 mm-20 mm. The invention is characterized in that the grinding property and the plastic toughness of the low-medium alloy cast steel and the high alloy cast steel are differentiated according to the Cr, ni, mo, W, V content, and the metallographic detection surfaces with the same finish degree are obtained, and the required sample preparation modes are different, so that the invention can ensure that the low-medium alloy cast steel and the high alloy cast steel can obtain the region to be detected with the compound requirement by controlling specific grinding and polishing treatment parameters; the invention adopts wet abrasive paper with the mesh number of 200# to 320# to coarsely grind and add deionized water, the flowing deionized water can timely wash away abrasive dust and fallen abrasive materials, the rolling action of the fallen abrasive particles and a sample surface is reduced, fixed abrasive particles on the wet abrasive paper are washed away, the rolling action of the fallen abrasive particles and the sample surface is reduced, the sharp edges and corners of the fixed abrasive particles on the abrasive paper are always contacted with the sample surface, good cutting action is maintained, and hard abrasive particles are prevented from being embedded into the sample surface to cause false images; according to the invention, wet sand paper with the mesh number of 400# to 1200# is selected to be finely ground step by step and added with deionized water, and as the granularity of the sand paper is smaller and smaller, the contact area between the sand paper and the surface of a sample is larger, more heat is generated in the fine grinding process, the flowing deionized water can play a good role in lubrication and cooling, the surface overheating can be prevented, and metal dust generated during grinding is timely taken away by the flowing deionized water, so that the environment protection and the personal health are facilitated; according to the invention, the nap polishing cloth and the polishing paste are adopted, and deionized water is intermittently sprayed while polishing, so that more polishing paste can be stored in gaps of the nap fabric, and the surface of the polishing paste is partially exposed to generate a grinding effect, so that when the nap polishing cloth is contacted with a sample, the pressure is not excessively high, a deformation layer is prevented from being added, and proper deionized water plays a role in lubrication, so that a bright mirror surface is obtained; according to the invention, an angle grinder is adopted for the high alloy steel casting of the mining machine, a nylon polished piece is selected to be subjected to rough grinding and deionized water is added, and as the alloy element content is high, the high alloy viscosity of the mining machine is high, the hardness is high, and a high grinding force angle grinder is needed to remove a serious deformation layer on the surface of the alloy steel casting; the nylon polished wafer can grind off the obvious deformation layer of the subsurface layer, so that the deformation layer formed by alloy cast steel is reduced; according to the invention, the PVA polishing wheel with the granularity of 280# to 1200# is selected, deionized water is added while fine polishing, a deformation layer is further removed, when the PVA polishing wheel is adopted for mechanical polishing of the high alloy cast steel, the abrasive material is equivalent to a planing tool, a cutting effect can be generated, in addition, the felt wheel and the grinding paste are adopted for polishing while spraying deionized water, and the felt wheel can store smaller grinding paste, so that a metallographic polished surface with higher smoothness is obtained.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized in that the direction of the next grinding and polishing in the grinding and polishing treatment process in the second step is perpendicular to the direction of the last grinding and polishing, and the next grinding and polishing is carried out after the first grinding mark of the last grinding and polishing is eliminated. According to the invention, the polishing treatment effect is ensured by controlling the polishing direction of each step, so that the effect of the obtained metallographic microstructure is ensured.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the mining machine alloy steel casting is characterized in that the corrosion treatment process when the mining machine alloy steel casting is a low-alloy steel casting and a medium-alloy steel casting in the second step is as follows: wiping cotton wool containing hydrochloric acid solution for 20-40 s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing absolute ethyl alcohol solution of nitric acid for 10-15 s, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying with hot air; the corrosion treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing hydrochloric acid solution for 10 s-30 s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing absolute ethanol solution of nitric acid for 5 s-10 s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air; the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5% -15%, and the mass fraction of the nitric acid in the absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the nitric acid is 3% -4%. The corrosion treatment of the low-medium alloy cast steel and the high alloy cast steel is mainly a metallographic structure etching process, and because the phase component structures of the low-medium alloy cast steel and the high alloy cast steel are different and have different electrode potentials, a plurality of micro-battery functions are formed in etching liquid, the phase with the negative electrode potential is an anode, dissolution occurs during etching, the micro-areas on the polished surface become low-lying rough, the phase with the positive potential is a cathode and is basically not etched, the micro-areas on the polished surface are kept smooth and flat, different alloy systems, two-phase structures are the same, the potential difference is different, and the dissolution degree of the anode phase is different, so that the chemical etching reagents and modes of the low-medium alloy cast steel and the high alloy cast steel of the mining machinery are different; the invention adopts absorbent cotton containing hydrochloric acid solution to wipe for 20 s-40 s aiming at low and medium alloy steel castings, and aims at further eliminating a grinding and polishing treatment deformation layer, then the deformation layer is washed by deionized water, then absorbent cotton containing nitric acid absolute ethyl alcohol solution is adopted to wipe for 10 s-15 s, tissue etching is carried out, and then absolute ethyl alcohol washing and hot air drying are adopted; the method comprises the steps of wiping a high alloy steel casting by absorbent cotton containing hydrochloric acid solution for 10 s-30 s, eliminating a polishing treatment deformation layer on the surface of a sample, flushing by deionized water, wiping by absorbent cotton containing nitric acid absolute ethanol solution for 5 s-10 s, etching to display a metallographic structure, flushing by absolute ethanol and drying by hot air.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized in that the on-site restoration process of the metallographic structure in the step three comprises the following steps: dripping 1-10 drops of solvent on the to-be-detected area obtained in the second step, spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step on the to-be-detected area, pressing and extruding redundant solvent and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, arranging the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper with adhesive tapes, and finally observing metallographic structures; the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper is square with the side length of 10mm, the pressing time is 20 s-40 s, the standing time is 4 min-15 min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm. According to the invention, 1-10 drops of solvent are dripped on a region to be detected, so that the accurate replica structure morphology is facilitated, the metallographic replica paper is tiled on the region to be detected, excessive solvent and bubbles are pressed and extruded, the occurrence of false tissues such as bubbles on the replica paper is prevented, the metallographic replica paper is taken down from one corner by forceps, and is placed between two prepared glass slides, and the metallographic replica paper is tightly pressed and wound by a transparent adhesive tape, so that the metallographic structure observation is facilitated.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized in that the manufacturing process of the metallographic replica paper is as follows: dissolving ethyl cellulose in absolute ethyl alcohol fully, filtering, adding methyl violet and polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate in turn, stirring rapidly until the mixture is completely dissolved, spreading the upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase replica test paper after solidification, cutting the test paper into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing the test paper in a drying vessel. The invention adopts ethyl cellulose, namely alcohol-soluble resin, to be fully dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then methyl violet and polyvinyl alcohol are sequentially added into filtrate and are rapidly stirred, so that the toughness of metallographic replica test paper is improved, and the contrast of metallographic pictures is improved.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized in that the prior austenite grain boundary site replica process in the step three is as follows: re-performing secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the to-be-detected area subjected to the metallographic structure on-site replica, and then performing the prior austenite grain boundary on-site replica by adopting the same method as that of the metallographic structure on-site replica; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment is carried out when the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery are low and medium alloy steel castings: adopting a low-medium alloy steel casting grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical etching for 2-3 min, then washing with deionized water, spraying absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying with a blower; the grain boundary corrosion treatment solution for the low and medium alloy steel castings adopts the mass ratio of 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water; the secondary corrosion treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: adopting a high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical etching for 5-7 min, then washing with deionized water, spraying absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying with a blower; the high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution adopts the mass ratio of 3.3:0.5:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water. According to the invention, the typical area is polished again by performing secondary polishing treatment, so that no scratch and deformation layer are ensured in the typical area, and the effect of on-site replication of the prior austenite grain boundary is ensured by performing secondary corrosion treatment.
The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized in that the judging items in the step three are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class. The invention carries out the heat treatment quality detection of the alloy steel casting of the mining machinery by judging the grain size, the residual cast structure and the metallographic microstructure category.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, typical areas are selected on the surface of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine in the processing process, each selected typical area is subjected to polishing treatment and corrosion treatment to obtain a typical area to be detected, a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine are detected, and then each area to be detected is subjected to metallographic structure on-site reconstruction to obtain metallographic microstructure of a typical position of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine, so that the structure condition of a plurality of areas of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is obtained, and the defect that the alloy cast steel of the mining machine cannot accurately control the heat treatment quality of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine due to huge volume, complex structure and large wall thickness difference of the alloy cast steel of the mining machine is overcome.
2. The invention effectively solves the problem of heat treatment quality detection of cast steel parts, realizes rapid on-line, nondestructive, efficient and accurate detection of metallographic structures of typical positions of alloy cast steel parts of mining machinery, judges the heat treatment quality of different positions of the alloy cast steel parts of the mining machinery, omits the working procedures of cutting, sampling and repair welding of parts by a machine tool, reduces the influence on the quality of the parts, shortens the detection period, reduces the detection cost, improves the detection quality and has higher detection efficiency than the original physicochemical dissection destruction method.
3. The invention provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper test paper and an on-site environment-friendly replica method, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for replica preparation and on-site replica, acetone is not used, the price is obviously lower than that of acetone, the detection cost is reduced, the acetone has toxicity, irreversible damage is caused to respiratory tracts and neurons, and the absolute ethyl alcohol has no toxicity to bodies, so that the use is safer.
4. The invention adopts the polishing treatment and the corrosion treatment which are suitable for the on-site metallographic phase replication of the alloy steel casting, thereby meeting the necessary conditions for obtaining the high-quality metallographic phase structure.
5. The invention can rapidly and accurately judge the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machinery according to the metallographic microstructure, grain size and residual as-cast structure.
The process variant according to the invention is described in further detail below by means of the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of metallographic structure and on-site copying of prior austenite grain boundaries in step three of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structure of the invention of example 1 with acceptable quality obtained by site replica of the metallographic structure.
FIG. 3 shows a prior austenite grain obtained by performing in-situ forming of prior austenite grain boundaries in example 1 of the present invention, which is of acceptable quality.
Fig. 4 is a physical diagram of the environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of metallographic structure and on-site copying of prior austenite grain boundary in step three of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a metallographic structure of the invention of example 2 with unacceptable quality after site replication of the metallographic structure.
FIG. 6 shows a prior austenite grain obtained by performing in-situ forming of prior austenite grain boundaries in example 2 of the present invention, wherein the prior austenite grain is of unacceptable quality.
Fig. 7 is a physical diagram of the environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of metallographic structure and on-site copying of prior austenite grain boundary in step three of example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a quality-acceptable metallographic structure obtained by performing on-site replication of the metallographic structure in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows a prior austenite grain obtained by performing in-situ forming of prior austenite grain boundaries in example 3 of the present invention, which is of acceptable quality.
Fig. 10 is a physical diagram of the environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of metallographic structure and on-site copying of prior austenite grain boundary in step three of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 shows a metallographic structure of the invention of example 4, which was subjected to on-site replication of the metallographic structure to obtain a metallographic structure of unacceptable quality.
FIG. 12 shows prior austenite grains of unacceptable quality obtained by performing in-situ forming of prior austenite grain boundaries in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of metallographic structure and on-site copying of prior austenite grain boundaries in step three of example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 shows a quality-acceptable metallographic structure obtained by performing on-site replication of the metallographic structure in example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 shows a prior austenite grain obtained by performing in-situ forming of prior austenite grain boundaries in example 5 of the present invention, wherein the prior austenite grain is of acceptable quality.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, fully dissolving 15g of ethyl cellulose into 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding 0.05g of methyl violet and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, rapidly stirring for 10min until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase compound test paper after solidification, cutting into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing in a drying vessel;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of the excavating machine ZG25MnF low alloy steel casting in a positive return and tempering state, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be inspected; the polishing treatment process comprises the following steps: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh number of 200# for coarse edging, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh numbers of 400#, 800# and 1200# for fine edging step by step, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, adopting fluff polishing cloth and artificial diamond polishing agent for polishing, intermittently spraying deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa while polishing, enabling the polishing direction of the next polishing to be perpendicular to the polishing direction of the last polishing, and carrying out the next polishing after the last polishing mark is eliminated; the diameter of the area to be detected is 15mm; the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing 10% of hydrochloric acid solution by mass fraction for 30s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing 4% of nitric acid by mass fraction for 15s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
Step three, dropwise adding 5 drops of absolute ethyl alcohol to the region to be detected, then spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the step one on the region to be detected, pressing and extruding redundant absolute ethyl alcohol and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, mounting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper by using adhesive tapes to obtain metallographic structure on-site copy paper, carrying out secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the region to be detected after the metallographic structure on-site copy, then carrying out prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy by adopting the same method as the metallographic structure on-site copy to obtain prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy paper, and finally observing the metallographic structure on-site copy paper and the prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy paper to obtain the metallographic microstructure of the alloy cast steel part of the mining machinery; the length multiplied by the width of the metallographic replica paper is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the pressing time is 30s, the standing time is 12min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: the mass ratio is 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water are chemically rubbed for 2.5min, then the solution is washed by deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed, and the solution is dried by a blower;
Judging the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine according to the metallographic microstructure obtained in the step three; the judging items are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
Fig. 1 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a metallographic structure and site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary in step three of the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 1, three test papers on the left side are environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a metallographic structure, one test paper in the middle and two test papers on the right side are environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary, and the present embodiment performs site copying of a metallographic structure on a normalized+tempered state ZG25MnF low alloy cast steel piece, so as to obtain the environmental protection site metallographic coated paper clamped in a glass slide.
Fig. 2 is a metallographic structure with qualified quality, which is obtained after the metallographic structure is subjected to on-site replica in the embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the metallographic structure of the normalized+tempered state ZG25MnF low alloy cast steel member in the embodiment is clearly visible, the structure boundary is clear, the structure identification is convenient, and the metallographic structure is fine block ferrite+pearlite+bainite, thereby meeting the production detection requirement.
Fig. 3 shows prior austenite grains with qualified quality obtained by performing on-site replica of prior austenite grain boundaries in the embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the prior austenite grains of the normalized and tempered ZG25MnF low alloy cast steel member in the embodiment are fine, the grain boundaries are clearly visible, and the production detection requirement is met.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, fully dissolving 15g of ethyl cellulose into 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding 0.05g of methyl violet and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, rapidly stirring for 10min until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase compound test paper after solidification, cutting into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing in a drying vessel;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of the excavating machine ZG40Cr low alloy steel casting in a normalizing and tempering state, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain a detection area; the polishing treatment process comprises the following steps: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh number of 280# for coarse edging, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh numbers of 400# and 600# and 1200# for fine edging step by step, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, adopting fluff polishing cloth and chromium oxide grinding paste for polishing, intermittently spraying deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa while polishing, enabling the polishing direction of the next polishing to be perpendicular to the polishing direction of the last polishing, and carrying out the next polishing after the last polishing mark is eliminated; the diameter of the area to be detected is 10mm; the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping the absorbent cotton with 5% hydrochloric acid solution for 40s, washing with deionized water, wiping the absorbent cotton with 4% nitric acid absolute ethanol solution for 10s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
Step three, dropwise adding 1 drop of absolute ethyl alcohol into the region to be detected, then spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the step one on the region to be detected, pressing and extruding redundant absolute ethyl alcohol and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, mounting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper by using adhesive tapes to obtain metallographic structure on-site copy paper, carrying out secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the region to be detected after the metallographic structure on-site copy, then carrying out prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy by adopting the same method as the metallographic structure on-site copy to obtain prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy paper, and finally observing the metallographic structure on-site copy paper and the prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy paper to obtain the metallographic microstructure of the alloy cast steel part of the mining machinery; the length multiplied by the width of the metallographic replica paper is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the pressing time is 20s, the standing time is 4min, and the length multiplied by the width of the glass slide is 30mm multiplied by 100mm; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: the mass ratio is 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water are chemically rubbed for 3min, then the solution is washed clean by deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed, and the solution is dried by a blower;
Judging the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine according to the metallographic microstructure obtained in the step three; the judging items are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
Fig. 4 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of a metallographic structure and on-site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary in step three of the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 4, two test papers on the left side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of a metallographic structure, and three test papers on the right side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary, in the present embodiment, on-site copying of a metallographic structure is performed on a normalized+tempered zg40cr low alloy cast steel piece, and environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper clamped in a glass slide is obtained.
Fig. 5 shows a metallographic structure of unqualified quality obtained by performing on-site shaping of the metallographic structure in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the metallographic structure of the normalized+tempered zg40cr low alloy cast steel in this example is primary branched crystalline ferrite+pearlite, and has a residual as-cast structure, and it is necessary to perform heat treatment again.
Fig. 6 shows prior austenite grains of the prior austenite grain boundary in-situ forming in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the prior austenite grains of the low alloy steel casting product in the normalized and tempered condition ZG40Cr in this example have a mixed crystal phenomenon, and have coarse prior as-cast grains, and require heat treatment again.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, fully dissolving 15g of ethyl cellulose into 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding 0.05g of methyl violet and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, rapidly stirring for 10min until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase compound test paper after solidification, cutting into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing in a drying vessel;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of an alloy steel casting in a mining machine ZG35CrMoF in a normalizing and tempering state, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be detected; the polishing treatment process comprises the following steps: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 30mm and the mesh number of 320# to perform rough edging, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 30mm and the mesh numbers of 400#, 600#, 800# and 1200# to perform fine edging step by step, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, adopting fluff polishing cloth and alumina polishing paste to perform polishing while performing intermittent spraying of deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, enabling the polishing direction of the next polishing to be perpendicular to the polishing direction of the last polishing, and performing the next polishing after the last polishing mark is eliminated; the diameter of the area to be detected is 20mm; the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping the absorbent cotton with the absorbent cotton containing 15% of hydrochloric acid solution by mass fraction for 20s, then washing with deionized water, wiping the absorbent cotton with the absolute ethanol solution containing 3% of nitric acid by mass fraction for 12s, and then washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
Step three, dropwise adding 10 drops of absolute ethyl alcohol to each region to be detected, then spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the step one on the region to be detected, pressing and extruding redundant absolute ethyl alcohol and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, arranging the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper by using adhesive tapes to obtain metallographic structure on-site replica paper, carrying out secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the region to be detected after the metallographic structure on-site replica, then carrying out original austenite grain boundary on-site replica by adopting the same method as the metallographic structure on-site replica to obtain original austenite grain boundary replica paper, and finally observing the metallographic structure on-site replica paper and the original austenite grain boundary on-site replica paper to obtain the metallographic microstructure of the alloy cast steel piece of the mining machinery; the length multiplied by the width of the metallographic replica paper is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the pressing time is 40s, the standing time is 15min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: the mass ratio is 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water are chemically rubbed for 2min, then the solution is washed clean by deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed, and the solution is dried by a blower;
Judging the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine according to the metallographic microstructure obtained in the step three; the judging items are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
Fig. 7 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a metallographic structure and on-site transformation of a prior austenite grain boundary in step three of the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 7, two test papers on the left side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a metallographic structure, and three test papers on the right side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a prior austenite grain boundary, in the present embodiment, on-site transformation of a metallographic structure is performed on an alloy cast steel part in a normalized+tempered state ZG35CrMoF, and environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper clamped in a glass slide is obtained.
Fig. 8 shows a metallographic structure with qualified quality obtained after the on-site replica of the metallographic structure in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the metallographic structure of the alloy cast steel in the normalized+tempered state ZG35CrMoF in this embodiment is clearly visible, the structure boundary is clear, the structure identification is convenient, the metallographic structure is uniform fine block ferrite+pearlite, and the production detection requirement is satisfied.
Fig. 9 shows prior austenite grains with qualified quality obtained by performing on-site replica of prior austenite grain boundaries in the present embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 9, the prior austenite grains of the alloy cast steel member in the normalized and tempered state ZG35CrMoF in the present embodiment are fine, the grain boundaries are clearly visible, and the production detection requirements are satisfied.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, fully dissolving 15g of ethyl cellulose into 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding 0.05g of methyl violet and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, rapidly stirring for 10min until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase compound test paper after solidification, cutting into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing in a drying vessel;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of an alloy steel casting in a mining machine ZG32CrF in a normalizing and tempering state, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be inspected; the polishing treatment process comprises the following steps: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh number of 200# and coarse edging, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, selecting wet sand paper with the diameter of 20mm and the mesh numbers of 400#, 600#, 1000# and 1200# and fine edging step by step, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, polishing by adopting a fluff polishing cloth and an artificial diamond polishing agent, spraying deionized water intermittently at the pressure of 0.05MPa, wherein the polishing direction of the next polishing is perpendicular to the polishing direction of the last polishing, and performing the next polishing after the last polishing mark is eliminated; the diameter of the area to be detected is 15mm; the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing 10% of hydrochloric acid solution by mass fraction for 30s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing 4% of nitric acid by mass fraction for 15s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
Dropwise adding 5 drops of absolute ethyl alcohol to each region to be detected, then spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step on the region to be detected, pressing and extruding redundant absolute ethyl alcohol and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, arranging the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper by using adhesive tapes to obtain metallographic structure on-site replica paper, carrying out secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the region to be detected after the metallographic structure on-site replica, carrying out original austenite grain boundary on-site replica by adopting the same method as the metallographic structure on-site replica to obtain original austenite grain boundary replica paper, and finally observing the metallographic structure on-site replica paper and the original austenite grain boundary on-site replica paper to obtain the metallographic microstructure of the alloy cast steel piece of the mining machinery; the length multiplied by the width of the metallographic replica paper is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the pressing time is 30s, the standing time is 10min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: the mass ratio is 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water are chemically rubbed for 2.5min, then the solution is washed by deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed, and the solution is dried by a blower;
Judging the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine according to the metallographic microstructure obtained in the step three; the judging items are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
Fig. 10 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a metallographic structure and on-site transformation of a prior austenite grain boundary in step three of the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 10, two test papers on the left side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a metallographic structure, and two test papers on the right side are environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper after on-site transformation of a prior austenite grain boundary, in the present embodiment, on-site transformation of a metallographic structure is performed on an alloy cast steel in a normalized+tempered state ZG32CrF, and environmental protection on-site metallographic coated paper clamped in a glass slide is obtained.
Fig. 11 shows a metallographic structure of the alloy cast steel in the normalized and tempered state ZG32CrF of this example, which is a metallographic structure of the alloy cast steel obtained by performing on-site transformation of the metallographic structure of this example, as shown in fig. 11, which is a structure of primary austenite grain boundary distribution ferrite and a small amount of in-grain growth acicular ferrite, intra-grain pin stripe, block ferrite, and pearlite, and which has a residual as-cast structure and requires heat treatment again.
Fig. 12 shows prior austenite grains of the alloy cast steel product in the normalized and tempered state ZG32CrF of this example, which were obtained by performing the prior austenite grain boundary in-situ replica in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 12, the prior austenite grains of the alloy cast steel product in the normalized and tempered state ZG32CrF were mixed, and coarse prior austenite grains were present, and the heat treatment was required again.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one, fully dissolving 15g of ethyl cellulose into 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding 0.05g of methyl violet and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, rapidly stirring for 10min until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, obtaining on-site metallographic phase compound test paper after solidification, cutting into 10mm multiplied by 10mm, and storing in a drying vessel;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of the mining machinery ZG25MnF8 high alloy steel casting in a normalizing, tempering and hardening and tempering state, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be detected; the polishing treatment process comprises the following steps: adopting an angle grinder, selecting a nylon polishing sheet with the diameter of 20mm, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, selecting a PVA polishing wheel with the diameter of 20mm and the granularity of 280#, 400#, 800#, 1200# for fine grinding step by step, adding deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, adopting a felt wheel with the diameter of 20mm and an artificial diamond polishing agent for polishing while spraying deionized water at the pressure of 0.05MPa, wherein the polishing direction of the next polishing is perpendicular to the polishing direction of the last polishing, and performing the next polishing after the last polishing mark is eliminated; the diameter of the area to be detected is 15mm; the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping the absorbent cotton with 10 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 20s, washing with deionized water, wiping the absorbent cotton with 4 mass percent nitric acid in absolute ethanol solution for 8s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
Dropwise adding 1-10 drops of absolute ethyl alcohol to each region to be detected, then spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step on the region to be detected, pressing and extruding redundant absolute ethyl alcohol and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, arranging the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper by using adhesive tapes to obtain metallographic structure on-site copy paper, re-performing secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the region to be detected after the metallographic structure on-site copy, then performing prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy by adopting the same method as the metallographic structure on-site copy to obtain prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy paper, and finally observing the metallographic structure after the metallographic structure on-site copy paper and the prior austenite grain boundary on-site copy to obtain the metallographic microstructure of the cast steel piece of the alloy; the length multiplied by the width of the metallographic replica paper is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the pressing time is 30s, the standing time is 8min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: the mass ratio is 3.3:0.5:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water are chemically rubbed for 6min, then the solution is washed cleanly by deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed, and the solution is dried by a blower;
Judging the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel casting of the mining machine according to the metallographic microstructure obtained in the step three; the judging items are as follows: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
Fig. 13 is a physical diagram of an environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a metallographic structure and site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary in step three of the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 13, one test paper on the left side and two test papers in the middle are environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a metallographic structure, and two test papers on the right side are environmental protection site metallographic coated paper after site copying of a prior austenite grain boundary, in the present embodiment, site copying of a metallographic structure is performed on a normalized+tempered+tempered ZG25mnf8 high alloy cast steel piece, and environmental protection site metallographic coated paper clamped in a glass slide is obtained.
Fig. 14 shows a metallographic structure with qualified quality obtained after the on-site replica of the metallographic structure in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 14, the metallographic structure of the normalized+tempered+tempered ZG25MnF8 high alloy cast steel member in this embodiment is clearly visible, the structure boundary is clear, the structure identification is convenient, the metallographic structure is fine and uniform tempered sorbite, and the production detection requirement is met.
Fig. 15 shows prior austenite grains with qualified quality obtained by performing in-situ replica of prior austenite grain boundaries in the present embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 15, the prior austenite grains of the normalized + tempered + quenched and tempered ZG25MnF8 high alloy cast steel member in the present embodiment are fine, the grain boundaries are clearly visible, and the production detection requirements are satisfied.
Example 6
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that: the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing 5% hydrochloric acid solution by mass fraction for 30s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing 3% nitric acid by mass fraction in absolute ethanol solution for 10s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
The secondary corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: and adopting the high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical etching for 5min.
Example 7
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that: the corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing 15% of hydrochloric acid solution by mass fraction for 10s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing 4% of nitric acid by mass fraction in absolute ethanol solution for 5s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air;
The secondary corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps: and adopting a high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical wiping and corrosion for 7min.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the inventive method substance fall within the scope of the inventive method solution.
Claims (8)
1. The nondestructive testing method for the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery is characterized by being used for carrying out on-site nondestructive testing on the heat treatment quality of the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery in the processing process and comprises the following steps of:
Step one, preparing environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper;
Step two, selecting a typical area on the surface of the mechanical alloy steel casting in the processing process, and then performing polishing treatment and corrosion treatment on the selected typical area to obtain an area to be detected; the mining machine alloy cast steel is a low-medium alloy cast steel or a high-alloy cast steel;
Thirdly, sequentially carrying out on-site replica of metallographic structure and on-site replica of prior austenite grain boundary on the to-be-detected area obtained in the second step by adopting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step to obtain microstructure of a typical area of the alloy steel casting of the mining machinery;
and step four, judging the heat treatment quality of the mining mechanical alloy steel casting in the processing process according to the microstructure obtained in the step three.
2. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing process of the environmental-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper in the step one is as follows: fully dissolving ethyl cellulose into absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering, sequentially adding methyl violet and polyvinyl alcohol into the filtrate, stirring rapidly until the ethyl cellulose is completely dissolved, spreading an upper layer solution by adopting a centrifugal method, solidifying to obtain the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, and storing in a drying vessel.
3. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy cast steel of mining machine according to claim 1, wherein the grinding and polishing process when the alloy cast steel of mining machine is low-medium alloy cast steel in the second step is as follows: adopting a polishing machine, selecting wet sand paper with the mesh number of 200# to 320# while coarsely polishing, adding deionized water, selecting wet sand paper with the mesh number of 400# to 1200# while finely polishing step by step, and adopting fluff polishing cloth and polishing paste while intermittently spraying deionized water, wherein the diameters of the wet sand paper and the fluff polishing cloth are 20mm, and the polishing paste is chromium oxide polishing paste, aluminum oxide polishing paste or artificial diamond polishing agent; the grinding and polishing treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: adopting an angle grinder, selecting a nylon polishing sheet, adding deionized water while roughly grinding, then selecting a PVA polishing wheel with the granularity of 280# to 1200#, adding deionized water while finely grinding step by step, and spraying deionized water while polishing by adopting a felt wheel and a polishing paste, wherein the diameters of the nylon polishing sheet, the PVA polishing wheel and the felt wheel are all 20mm, and the polishing paste is an artificial diamond polishing agent; the diameter of each region to be detected is 10 mm-20 mm.
4. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the direction of the next grinding and polishing is perpendicular to the direction of the last grinding and polishing in the grinding and polishing treatment process, and the next grinding and polishing is performed after the last grinding mark is eliminated.
5. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy cast steel of mining machine according to claim 1, wherein the corrosion treatment process when the alloy cast steel of mining machine is low and medium alloy cast steel in the second step is as follows: wiping cotton wool containing hydrochloric acid solution for 20-40 s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing absolute ethyl alcohol solution of nitric acid for 10-15 s, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying with hot air; the corrosion treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: wiping cotton wool containing hydrochloric acid solution for 10 s-30 s, washing with deionized water, wiping cotton wool containing absolute ethanol solution of nitric acid for 5 s-10 s, washing with absolute ethanol and drying with hot air; the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5% -15%, and the mass fraction of the nitric acid in the absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the nitric acid is 3% -4%.
6. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the process of in-situ shaping of the metallographic structure is as follows: dripping 1-10 drops of solvent on the to-be-detected area obtained in the second step, spreading the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper prepared in the first step on the to-be-detected area, pressing and extruding redundant solvent and bubbles, standing, then connecting the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper, arranging the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper between two glass slides, firmly adhering the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper with adhesive tapes, and finally observing metallographic structures; the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, the environment-friendly on-site metallographic coated paper is square with the side length of 10mm, the pressing time is 20 s-40 s, the standing time is 4 min-15 min, and the glass slide size is 30mm multiplied by 100mm.
7. The nondestructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy steel castings of mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein in the step three, the prior austenite grain boundary in-situ replica process is as follows: re-performing secondary polishing treatment and secondary corrosion treatment on the to-be-detected area subjected to the metallographic structure on-site replica, and then performing the prior austenite grain boundary on-site replica by adopting the same method as that of the metallographic structure on-site replica; the secondary polishing treatment is the same as the polishing treatment in the second step, and the secondary corrosion treatment is carried out when the alloy steel castings of the mining machinery are low and medium alloy steel castings: adopting a low-medium alloy steel casting grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical etching for 2-3 min, then washing with deionized water, spraying absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying with a blower; the grain boundary corrosion treatment solution for the low and medium alloy steel castings adopts the mass ratio of 3.3:1.0:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water; the secondary corrosion treatment process when the alloy steel casting of the mining machine is a high alloy steel casting comprises the following steps: adopting a high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution to carry out chemical etching for 5-7 min, then washing with deionized water, spraying absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying with a blower; the high alloy cast steel grain boundary corrosion treatment solution adopts the mass ratio of 3.3:0.5:95 picric acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water.
8. The non-destructive testing method for heat treatment quality of alloy cast steel parts of mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein the judging items in the fourth step are: grain size, residual as-cast structure, and metallographic microstructure class.
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