CN118054042A - Autonomous performance test method and system for high-temperature methanol fuel cell - Google Patents
Autonomous performance test method and system for high-temperature methanol fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 286
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 282
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000453 cell autonomous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a system for testing the autonomous performance of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell, belonging to the field of fuel cells, wherein the method comprises the following steps: waking up the FCU to finish low-voltage power-on and high-voltage power-on successively; the FCU monitors the power generation condition in real time, records the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in a register, compares the operation data with the stored optimal data array in the FCU, and judges whether to update the optimal data; by comparing the operation data with the optimal data array, the attenuation degree of the fuel cell stack and each electrical part can be intuitively displayed, and then the state of the fuel cell is evaluated, so that the maximum power discharge is realized. The application can timely and efficiently reflect the working state of the high-temperature fuel cell, thereby carrying out data optimization and fuel cell control strategy adjustment, realizing autonomous performance test and being applicable to various unattended occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a method and a system for testing a fuel cell system, belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method and a system for testing the autonomous performance of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell.
Background
The high-temperature methanol fuel cell has the advantages of high energy and low noise generated in the power generation process, the exhaust gas is carbon dioxide, compared with the traditional internal combustion engine, the exhaust amount is reduced by 40%, no particles are generated, and the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is environment-friendly. However, due to the characteristics of the fuel cell, the monolithic voltage is low, and the output of the fuel cell after the DC-DC voltage is boosted is required to ensure high efficiency. Therefore, in order to prolong the service life of the galvanic pile, effective data comparison is needed to provide data support for developing new products.
In the prior art, the total voltage or single cell voltage data of the manually monitored fuel cells are simply compared to judge the performance of the electric pile, the fault of the electric pile and the like, but the indexes cannot fully reflect the overall state of the electric pile, and other influencing factors are difficult to directly monitor or measure, so that a performance test method and a system capable of running autonomously do not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, a method for testing the autonomous performance of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell is provided, and the method can autonomously evaluate important indexes of the performance and the reliability of a fuel cell system, ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell system in practical application and further optimize the performance and the efficiency of the fuel cell.
The autonomous performance test method of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Waking up the FCU of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller to finish low-voltage power-on;
(2) Controlling a fuel cell to carry out high-voltage power-on through the FCU;
(3) The data acquisition module acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time and transmits the operation data to the FCU; the operation data at least comprises: voltage, current, stack temperature, reactor temperature of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system;
(4) Factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system are stored in the FCU, and default is an optimal data array of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is in factory; the FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time, records the operation data in a register, compares the recorded operation data with the current optimal data array in the FCU, replaces the current optimal data array with the segment of data if the recorded operation data is better than the current optimal data array, and stores the segment of data in the register of the FCU, and then evaluates the state of the fuel cell; if the data is not superior to the current optimal data array, the data is not updated, and the state of the fuel cell is directly evaluated;
(5) And adjusting the control strategy according to the state of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the waking up of the FCU includes at least one of the following: and (5) starting at fixed time and starting by remote control.
Optionally, after the FCU is awakened, performing self-checking and data acquisition, and transmitting the acquired operation data back to the terminal.
Optionally, the self-test comprises at least one of: interlock detection, system internal valve, self-test of the pump.
Optionally, the operation data further includes: power battery residual capacity, fuel battery internal temperature condition, calculated power.
Optionally, the step (2) includes: the FCU firstly sends a main negative control signal to control the main negative contactor to be closed, and then the high-voltage negative electrode of the fuel cell is subjected to self-detection;
after the negative electrode detection is passed, the FCU sends a pre-charging control signal to enable the pre-charging contactor to be closed for pre-charging;
When the voltage rises to a given proportion of the total voltage, the FCU sends a main positive control signal to control the main positive contactor to be closed;
And opening the pre-charging contactor to finish high-voltage power-on.
Optionally, the data collection module transmits the collected operation data to the FCU, typically in the form of Can communications.
Optionally, the step (3) further includes: after the fuel cell is started, the FCU sends the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to the terminal, and a terminal user carries out remote starting and debugging on the fuel cell according to data comparison.
Optionally, the operation data of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system further includes: fuel cell start-up time, discharge time.
Optionally, the fuel cell status is evaluated according to at least one of the following status data: the degree of degradation of each electrical component and the degree of fuel cell health of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the electrical component comprises at least one of: air pump, liquid pump, nozzle.
Optionally, when the optimal data array is updated, the FCU reads the optimal data array of the current high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and takes the temperature of the reactor as the comparison temperature; the FCU judges whether the temperature of the reactor reaches the comparison temperature;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the calculating of the fuel cell health includes:
(41) Recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
(42) Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, calculating a voltage deviation DeltaV, and entering a step (43); otherwise, waiting for the next comparison, and returning to the step (41);
(43) Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
(44) The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the FCU calculates the difference between the running data and the optimal data array on line and returns the data to the terminal.
According to yet another aspect of the present application, there is provided a high temperature methanol fuel cell autonomous performance test system, the system comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell and transmitting the operation data to the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU;
The high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU is used for controlling the starting of the fuel cell by controlling the closing and opening of the power management module; the optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is stored on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and the initial optimal data array is factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system; analyzing and calculating the collected operation data, updating an optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell;
The power management module is used for carrying out low-voltage power-on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU; after the FCU is awakened, each contactor in the power management module is controlled, and the high-voltage power-on of the fuel cell is completed according to the working state of the fuel cell;
and the communication module is used for sending the operation data acquired by the FCU to an external terminal for the FCU to finish remote starting, debugging and fuel cell control strategy adjustment.
Optionally, the FCU controlling the power management module to be turned on and off includes the steps of:
The FCU firstly sends a main negative control signal to control the closing of the main negative contactor;
performing self-detection on a high-voltage cathode of the fuel cell, and after the cathode detection is passed, sending a pre-charging control signal by the FCU to enable a pre-charging contactor to be closed for pre-charging;
the FCU monitors the voltage rise of the fuel cell and when it rises to a given proportion of the total voltage, sends a primary positive control signal to control the primary positive contactor to close.
Optionally, the self-checking of the high-voltage cathode of the fuel cell mainly comprises detecting whether each connector is firmly connected.
Optionally, the operation data is recorded in a register of the FCU, and based on this, an optimal data array is compared for data comparison of subsequent power generation observations, so as to evaluate the fuel cell state.
Optionally, the operation data at least includes: voltage, current, stack temperature, reactor temperature of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system.
The FCU analyzes and calculates the collected operation data to obtain an optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and the FCU comprises the following steps:
The FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell acquired by the data acquisition module in real time, and compares the operation data with an optimal data array stored in an FCU register:
firstly, taking the reactor temperature in the current optimal data array as a comparison temperature, and judging whether the current reactor temperature reaches the comparison temperature or not;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the fuel cell status is evaluated according to at least one of the following status data: the degree of degradation of each electrical component and the degree of fuel cell health of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the electrical component includes, but is not limited to: air pump, liquid pump, nozzle.
Optionally, the FCU is further configured to calculate the difference between the monitored data and the optimal data array online, and return the data to the terminal.
Optionally, the power management module includes:
the main negative contactor is used for receiving a main negative control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a negative circuit of the fuel cell system;
The precharge contactor is used for receiving a precharge control signal sent by the FCU and realizing a precharge function by controlling the connection of a precharge circuit before the system;
The voltage sensor is used for detecting the pre-charge voltage and sending measured voltage data to the FCU;
and the main positive contactor is used for receiving a main positive control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a positive circuit of the fuel cell system.
Optionally, the communication module includes a T-BOX wireless gateway, configured to implement CAN communication with the FCU, and transmit the acquired monitoring data to the terminal through wireless communication.
Optionally, the T-BOX wireless gateway is further connected to a GPS satellite positioning module.
Optionally, the operation data of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system further includes: fuel cell start-up time, discharge time.
Optionally, the FCU is configured to evaluate a fuel cell state, including performing a calculation of fuel cell health according to the steps of:
recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, and if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, calculating a voltage deviation value DeltaV; otherwise, waiting for the next comparison and returning to the previous step;
Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) The method and the system for testing the autonomous performance of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell can test the autonomous performance of the fuel cell, and ensure that the fuel cell can normally operate in practical application.
2) The application fuses the online data comparison, deviation calculation and life estimation algorithm into the fuel cell system control, so that the fuel cell controller has preliminary autonomous capability, the real-time working condition of the fuel cell and the overall life condition of the fuel cell can be calculated, the fuel cell controller (Fuel Control Unit, FCU) is endowed with the capability of autonomous calculation and analysis comparison, the high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell is ensured, the service life of a galvanic pile is prolonged, and the data support is provided for the follow-up continuous optimization of the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell. The technology lays a technical foundation for future intelligent fuel cells.
3) According to the autonomous performance test method for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, provided by the application, a low-voltage power-on and high-voltage power-on strategy is adopted, so that current impact in the power-on process is effectively reduced, and the danger is reduced.
4) The autonomous performance test system of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell provided by the application CAN realize the functions of 4G wireless communication, GPS satellite positioning, CAN communication and the like through the T-BOX wireless gateway, correspondingly wake up the FCU through the CAN communication, and send the internal data of the fuel cell, including temperature rising data, operation data and the like, collected by the FCU back to the terminal as important data support for subsequent research and development, and CAN be applied to unattended occasions, such as automatic driving vehicles and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high voltage power-on timing diagram of a system and method for testing autonomous performance of a high temperature methanol fuel cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage power-on system and method for testing the autonomous performance of a high temperature methanol fuel cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an internal and external communication diagram of a high temperature methanol fuel cell autonomous performance test system according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a data comparison flow chart of a method for testing autonomous performance of a high temperature methanol fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
The autonomous performance test of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is an important index for evaluating the performance and reliability of the fuel cell system, and can ensure that the fuel cell system can normally operate in practical application. The method is mainly characterized in that the accuracy, the durability and the stability of the logic of the fuel cell system are evaluated through long-time running and cyclic testing so as to ensure optimal operation parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate of methanol water solution, metering ratio and the like, and the performance and the efficiency of the fuel cell are optimized.
Therefore, the application provides a method for testing the autonomous performance of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Waking up the FCU of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller to finish low-voltage power-on;
(2) Controlling a fuel cell to carry out high-voltage power-on through the FCU;
(3) The data acquisition module acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time and transmits the operation data to the FCU; the operation data at least comprises: voltage, current, stack temperature, reactor temperature of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system;
(4) Factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system are stored in the FCU, and default is an optimal data array of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is in factory; the FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time, records the operation data in a register, compares the recorded operation data with the current optimal data array in the FCU, replaces the current optimal data array with the segment of data if the recorded operation data is better than the current optimal data array, and stores the segment of data in the register of the FCU, and then evaluates the state of the fuel cell; if the data is not superior to the current optimal data array, the data is not updated, and the state of the fuel cell is directly evaluated;
(5) And adjusting the control strategy according to the state of the fuel cell.
The power-on strategy comprises low-voltage power-on and high-voltage power-on, so that current impact in the power-on process can be effectively reduced, and danger is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the power-on principle of the present application is as follows:
The FCU is in a dormant state, and can be awakened by hardware and software, and the low-voltage power-on A is completed according to the working state of the fuel cell. The fuel cell operating state refers to standby, start-up, shutdown, etc.
In one embodiment, the wake-up of the FCU includes, but is not limited to, the following: and (5) starting at fixed time and starting by remote control. The timing start refers to calculating time by an internal timer of the FCU, performing timing start according to program setting, setting specific start time and duration, waking up the FCU when the timer reaches the set start time, then starting the fuel cell, comparing data such as the start time and discharge time of the fuel cell, and transmitting the data back to the terminal through the communication module, wherein the terminal personnel can also remotely start and debug the fuel cell, and the working flow is shown in figure 3. The remote control starting means that the terminal wakes up the FCU through the communication module, performs self-checking after the FCU is waken up, and collects the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, the internal temperature of the fuel cell and the like.
In one embodiment, the FCU performs self-checking and data acquisition after being awakened, and transmits the acquired operation data back to the terminal.
In one embodiment, the self-test includes an interlock test, a system internal valve, a pump self-test to check if it is functioning properly.
The FCU controls the main contactor and the auxiliary contactor to be closed, the high-voltage negative electrode of the fuel cell is subjected to self-checking, whether each connector is firmly connected is mainly detected, and when the negative electrode passes the detection, the FCU controls the pre-charging contactor to be closed to perform pre-charging B.
When the voltage rises to 90% of the total voltage, the FCU controls the main positive contactor to be closed, and after the main positive contactor is completely closed, the pre-charging contactor is opened to finish the high-voltage power-on C.
In one embodiment, the data collection module communicates collected operational data to the FCU in the form of Can communications.
In one embodiment, the initial value of the optimal data array is factory performance data, and in the use process, if the condition that the initial value is superior to the factory performance data occurs, data replacement is performed. The FCU is endowed with the capability of autonomously judging and updating the comparison database, the comparison data can be directly calculated in the FCU and returned to the terminal, the frequent comparison is not needed by hands or by using external equipment, the efficiency of data processing is improved, and meanwhile, the accuracy of fuel cell state evaluation is improved.
In one embodiment, when the optimal data array is updated, the FCU reads the optimal data array of the current high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and takes the reactor temperature as the comparison temperature; the FCU judges whether the temperature of the reactor reaches the comparison temperature;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell status is evaluated based on at least one of the following status data: the degree of degradation of each electrical component and the degree of fuel cell health of the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the electrical components include, but are not limited to: air pump, liquid pump, nozzle.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, after the high temperature methanol fuel cell (High temperature methanol fuel cell, HTMFC) is started, its operation typically includes three stages of heating, discharging and cooling.
In one embodiment, the calculation of the fuel cell health includes:
(41) Recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
(42) Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, indicating that the electric pile performance is reduced, indirectly reflecting the reduction of the service life of the system, calculating a voltage deviation value DeltaV at the moment, and entering the step (43); otherwise, waiting for the next comparison, and returning to the step (41);
(43) Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
(44) The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
When the system is in an initial state and has no measured data, performing step (43) according to laboratory data; when the system has measured data, if the measured data is not superior to the laboratory data, the laboratory data is still adopted, and if the measured data is superior to the laboratory data, the system is replaced and used for calculating the residual runnability time of the current fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the FCU calculates the difference between the monitored data and the optimal data array on line and returns the data to the terminal.
The application also provides a system for testing the autonomous performance of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, which comprises:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell and transmitting the operation data to the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU;
The high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU is used for controlling the starting of the fuel cell by controlling the closing and opening of the power management module; the optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is stored on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and the initial optimal data array is factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system; analyzing and calculating the collected operation data, updating an optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell;
The power management module is used for carrying out low-voltage power-on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU; after the FCU is awakened, each contactor in the power management module is controlled, and the high-voltage power-on of the fuel cell is completed according to the working state of the fuel cell;
and the communication module is used for sending the operation data acquired by the FCU to an external terminal for the FCU to finish remote starting, debugging and fuel cell control strategy adjustment.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the system is a schematic diagram of the operation and electrical system. The FCU controls the power management module to be closed and opened, and the FCU comprises the following steps:
the FCU firstly sends a main negative control signal to control the main negative contactor to be closed;
performing self-detection on a high-voltage cathode of the fuel cell, and after the cathode detection is passed, sending a pre-charging control signal by the FCU to enable a pre-charging contactor to be closed for pre-charging;
The FCU monitors the voltage rise of the fuel cell and when it rises to a given proportion of the total voltage, sends a primary positive control signal to control the primary positive contactor to close.
In one embodiment, the self-checking of the high voltage negative electrode of the fuel cell mainly comprises detecting whether each connector is firmly connected.
In one embodiment, the operation data includes at least: voltage, current, stack temperature, reactor temperature of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system.
In one embodiment, the power generation data is recorded in a register, and based thereon, an optimal data array is compared for data comparison for subsequent power generation observations to evaluate fuel cell status.
In one embodiment, the FCU analyzes and calculates the collected operation data to obtain an optimal data array of the high temperature methanol fuel cell, which includes the following steps:
The FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell acquired by the data acquisition module in real time, and compares the operation data with an optimal data array stored in an FCU register:
firstly, taking the reactor temperature in the current optimal data array as a comparison temperature, and judging whether the current reactor temperature reaches the comparison temperature or not;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the evaluation index of the fuel cell state includes, but is not limited to: the degree of degradation of each electrical component and the degree of fuel cell health of the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the electrical components include, but are not limited to: air pump, liquid pump, nozzle.
In one embodiment, the FCU is further configured to calculate the difference between the monitored data and the optimal data array online and return the data to the terminal. If the data has deviation, the data can have errors and incompleteness, in the fuel cell online calculation deviation, the comparison data is calculated in the FCU, and the comparison data is returned to the terminal, so that complicated data comparison is not needed, and the data is fed back timely and efficiently. Therefore, the method not only helps us optimize the flow of data processing, monitor the deviation in real time and discover and correct the deviation in time, but also improves the accuracy and reliability of data analysis.
In one embodiment, the power management module includes:
the main negative contactor is used for receiving a main negative control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a negative circuit of the fuel cell system;
The precharge contactor is used for receiving a precharge control signal sent by the FCU and realizing a precharge function by controlling the connection of a precharge circuit before the system;
the voltage sensor is used for detecting the pre-charge voltage and sending measured voltage data to the FCU control;
and the main positive contactor is used for receiving a main positive control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a positive circuit of the fuel cell system.
In one embodiment, the communication module includes a T-BOX wireless gateway, configured to implement CAN communication with the FCU, and transmit the acquired monitoring data to the terminal through wireless communication. And the T-BOX wireless gateway and the terminal realize information interaction through 4G wireless communication.
In one embodiment, the system further includes a calculation module, configured to perform data comparison according to the operation data received by the terminal, and perform fuel cell health calculation, as shown in fig. 4.
In one embodiment, the operation data of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system further includes: fuel cell start-up time, discharge time.
In one embodiment, the calculation of the fuel cell health comprises the steps of:
recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, and if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, calculating a voltage deviation value DeltaV; otherwise, waiting for the next comparison and returning to the previous step;
Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.
Claims (12)
1. The method for testing the autonomous performance of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Waking up the FCU of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller to finish low-voltage power-on;
(2) Controlling a fuel cell to carry out high-voltage power-on through the FCU;
(3) The data acquisition module acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time and transmits the operation data to the FCU; the operation data at least comprises: voltage, current, stack temperature, reactor temperature of the high temperature methanol fuel cell system;
(4) Factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system are stored in the FCU, and default is an optimal data array of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is in factory; the FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system in real time, records the operation data in a register, compares the recorded operation data with the current optimal data array in the FCU, replaces the current optimal data array with the segment of data if the recorded operation data is better than the current optimal data array, and stores the segment of data in the register of the FCU, and then evaluates the state of the fuel cell; if the data is not superior to the current optimal data array, the data is not updated, and the state of the fuel cell is directly evaluated;
(5) And adjusting the control strategy according to the state of the fuel cell.
2. The method for testing the autonomous performance of a high temperature methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises: the FCU firstly sends a main negative control signal to control the main negative contactor to be closed, and then the high-voltage negative electrode of the fuel cell is subjected to self-detection;
after the negative electrode detection is passed, the FCU sends a pre-charging control signal to enable the pre-charging contactor to be closed for pre-charging;
When the voltage rises to a given proportion of the total voltage, the FCU sends a main positive control signal to control the main positive contactor to be closed;
And opening the pre-charging contactor to finish high-voltage power-on.
3. The method for testing the autonomous performance of a high temperature methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) further comprises: after the fuel cell is started, the FCU sends the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to the terminal, and the terminal user remotely starts and debugs the fuel cell according to the data comparison.
4. The method for testing the autonomous performance of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein when the optimal data array is updated, the FCU reads the optimal data array of the current high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and takes the reactor temperature as the comparison temperature; the FCU judges whether the temperature of the reactor reaches the comparison temperature;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein evaluating fuel cell status comprises calculating fuel cell health:
(41) Recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
(42) Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, calculating a voltage deviation DeltaV, and entering a step (43); otherwise, waiting for the next comparison, and returning to the step (41);
(43) Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
(44) The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
6. An autonomous performance test system for a high temperature methanol fuel cell, the system comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell and transmitting the operation data to the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU;
The high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU is used for controlling the starting of the fuel cell by controlling the closing and opening of the power management module; the optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell is stored on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and the initial optimal data array is factory performance test data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system; analyzing and calculating the collected operation data, updating an optimal data array of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell;
The power management module is used for carrying out low-voltage power-on the high-temperature methanol fuel cell controller FCU; after the FCU is awakened, each contactor in the power management module is controlled, and the high-voltage power-on of the fuel cell is completed according to the working state of the fuel cell;
and the communication module is used for sending the operation data acquired by the FCU to an external terminal for the FCU to finish remote starting, debugging and fuel cell control strategy adjustment.
7. The autonomous performance testing system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the FCU controls the closing and opening of a power management module comprising the steps of:
The FCU firstly sends a main negative control signal to control the closing of the main negative contactor;
performing self-detection on a high-voltage cathode of the fuel cell, and after the cathode detection is passed, sending a pre-charging control signal by the FCU to enable a pre-charging contactor to be closed for pre-charging;
the FCU monitors the voltage rise of the fuel cell and when it rises to a given proportion of the total voltage, sends a primary positive control signal to control the primary positive contactor to close.
8. The autonomous performance test system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the FCU analyzes and calculates the collected operation data to obtain an optimal data array of the high temperature methanol fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
The FCU acquires the operation data of the high-temperature methanol fuel cell acquired by the data acquisition module in real time, and compares the operation data with an optimal data array stored in an FCU register:
firstly, taking the reactor temperature in the current optimal data array as a comparison temperature, and judging whether the current reactor temperature reaches the comparison temperature or not;
If the comparison temperature is reached, the FCU control data acquisition module acquires voltage data, and if the voltage is smaller than the voltage data in the current optimal data array, the optimal data array is not replaced, and the state of the fuel cell is evaluated;
If the comparison temperature is not reached, waiting for the high-temperature methanol fuel cell system to control the temperature of the reactor to the comparison temperature, and then comparing;
if the acquired voltage data exceeds the voltage data in the current optimal data array, replacing the current numerical value with the more optimal data through a comparison and sequencing algorithm, storing the more optimal data into a register of the FCU, and evaluating the state of the fuel cell.
9. The autonomous performance testing system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell of claim 6, wherein said evaluating fuel cell status comprises: the fuel cell health is calculated according to the following steps:
recording the starting times and the running time of the fuel cell;
Comparing the current voltage data of the same electric pile, reforming temperature and current density with the comparison voltage, and if the current voltage data is smaller than the comparison voltage, calculating a voltage deviation value DeltaV; otherwise, waiting for the next comparison and returning to the previous step;
Based on laboratory or measured data, the current fuel cell remaining runable time at DeltaV voltage is expected:
TRunT=TimeTotal*（DeltaV/DeltaVMAX）-Time
Wherein T RunT is the expected fuel cell remaining runable Time, timeTotal is the fuel cell design running Time, time is the current running Time of the fuel cell, deltaV is the voltage deviation value, deltaV MAX is the maximum voltage deviation value;
The fuel cell health is calculated according to the following formula:
FOH=（(TSta/ StartupsTotal)*50%+ (TRunT/ TimeTotal)*50%）*100%
TSta=StartupsTotal-Startups
Where FOH is the fuel cell health, T Sta is the remaining number of starts of the fuel cell, startupsTotal is the designed number of starts of the fuel cell, and Startups is the current number of starts of the fuel cell.
10. The autonomous performance testing system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the power management module comprises:
The main negative contactor is used for receiving a main negative control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a negative circuit of the fuel cell system;
The precharge contactor is used for receiving a precharge control signal sent by the FCU and realizing a precharge function by controlling the connection of a precharge circuit before the system;
the voltage sensor is used for detecting the pre-charge voltage and sending measured voltage data to the FCU;
And the main positive contactor is used for receiving a main positive control signal sent by the FCU and controlling a positive circuit of the fuel cell system.
11. The autonomous performance test system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the communication module comprises a T-BOX wireless gateway for implementing CAN communication with the FCU, and transmitting the acquired monitoring data to a terminal through wireless communication.
12. The autonomous performance testing system of a high temperature methanol fuel cell of claim 11, wherein the T-BOX wireless gateway is further coupled to a GPS satellite positioning module.
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