CN118049478A - Transmission lubrication system and new energy automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of speed variators, solves the technical problems of weak working condition adaptability, large oiling amount and insufficient lubrication of the existing speed variators, and provides a speed variators lubrication system and a new energy automobile, wherein the speed variators lubrication system comprises: the transmission is provided with an oil storage cavity for storing lubricating oil at the bottom of a transmission shell; an oil pump; an oil cooler; oil pipe; an oil guide pipe; the transmission further includes: an output shaft disposed in the transmission housing; a first oil passage extending in an axial direction thereof inside the output shaft and conveying the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler, the output shaft including an annular columnar body surrounding the first oil passage; needle roller bearings; and a circle of oil discharge grooves are respectively arranged at two ends of the first gear in the axial direction of the output shaft, and lubricating oil entering the needle bearing from a second oil passage communicated with the first oil passage is discharged into the transmission shell through at least one of the two circles of oil discharge grooves. The invention has the advantages of strong working condition adaptability, small oil filling amount and full lubrication.

Description

Transmission lubrication system and new energy automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of transmissions, in particular to a transmission lubricating system and a new energy automobile.

Background

At present, new energy automobiles are vigorously developed, and electric vehicles which are the most rapid to develop in the new energy automobiles are widely focused, so that commercial vehicles gradually develop to electric, and the motors adopted by the electric commercial vehicles gradually change from low-speed high-torque motors to high-speed low-torque motors due to the fact that the high-speed low-torque motors have more cost advantages. In order to adapt to the high-speed low-torque motor, the electric commercial vehicle needs to design a high-speed transmission to be matched with the high-speed transmission, so that the requirement on lubrication of the transmission is correspondingly and obviously improved. However, the existing transmission adapting to the high-speed low-torque motor still adopts a lubrication system aiming at the low-speed high-torque motor, and has the defects of weak working condition adaptation capability, large oiling amount and insufficient lubrication, so that the defects of shortening the service life and reducing the working efficiency of the transmission are caused.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a transmission lubrication system and a new energy automobile with strong working condition adaptability, small oil filling amount and sufficient lubrication.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention addresses the above-described deficiencies of the prior art by providing, in order to achieve one object of the present invention, a transmission lubrication system comprising: the transmission comprises a transmission shell, wherein an oil storage cavity for storing lubricating oil is arranged at the bottom of the transmission shell; the oil pump is fixed on the transmission shell and is communicated with the oil storage cavity; an oil cooler disposed outside the transmission case; the oil pipe is used for communicating the oil pump with the oil cooler; an oil guide pipe for guiding the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler to flow to the transmission housing; the transmission further includes: an output shaft disposed in the transmission housing; a first oil passage extending in an axial direction thereof inside the output shaft and conveying the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler, the output shaft including an annular columnar body surrounding the first oil passage; the needle roller bearing is sleeved on the periphery of the output shaft and comprises a plurality of needle rollers; the second oil duct circumferentially penetrates through the annular cylindrical body in the radial direction of the output shaft and is communicated with the first oil duct; the first gear is sleeved on the periphery of the needle bearing, the second oil duct is opposite to the needle of the needle bearing, a circle of oil discharge grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the first gear in the axial direction of the output shaft, and lubricating oil passing through the needle by the second oil duct is discharged into the transmission shell through at least one of the two circles of oil discharge grooves.

Further, a third oil duct and an oil injection part which are communicated are arranged in the shell wall of the speed changer shell, and the oil injection part injects lubricating oil into the speed changer shell.

Further, the third oil passage is located at the top of the transmission case and extends in the axial direction of the transmission case.

Further, the oil injection part comprises a first oil injection hole, a second oil injection hole and a third oil injection hole, the transmission comprises an input shaft gear, an output shaft and a force transmission shaft which are arranged in a transmission shell, a steering gear and an output shaft gear which are in driving connection with the input shaft gear are arranged on the output shaft, and the first oil injection hole, the second oil injection hole and the third oil injection hole are respectively arranged to inject lubricating oil towards the input shaft gear, the steering gear and the output shaft gear.

Further, the oil injection part further comprises a fourth oil injection hole, the transmission comprises a bevel gear which is arranged in the transmission shell and is abutted against the input shaft gear, the bevel gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft, and the fourth oil injection hole is arranged to inject lubricating oil towards the bevel gear.

Further, the transmission lubrication system further includes a support bearing including a plurality of rolling elements for supporting one end portion of the output shaft, and a fourth oil passage provided in a wall of the transmission case and vertically communicating with the third oil passage, an oil outlet chamber being provided between the transmission case and the support bearing, a distal end of the third oil passage being opposed to the support bearing so as to spray the lubricating oil toward the support bearing, the lubricating oil sprayed onto the support bearing flowing from a gap between the rolling elements of the support bearing into the oil outlet chamber.

Further, the oil cooler comprises an oil inlet, an oil outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the oil cooler are respectively connected with the oil pipe and the oil guide pipe, and the oil cooler is arranged between the oil pipe and the oil guide pipe in one and serial connection, or the oil cooler is arranged between the oil pipe and the oil guide pipe in more than two and serial connection, parallel connection or parallel-serial connection.

Further, the transmission lubrication system further comprises a flow control valve, and the flow control valve is arranged on the oil pipe in series and used for dynamically adjusting the flow of the lubricating oil to the transmission shell.

Further, the first gear is set as an idler gear, the supporting bearing is set as a ball bearing or a conical bearing, the rolling bodies are correspondingly ball balls or conical rollers, the first oil duct is a central hole of the output shaft, the annular column is annular column, the central axis of the second oil duct is perpendicular to the central axis of the first oil duct, and the aperture is gradually reduced towards the direction away from the first oil duct.

To achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention also provides a new energy automobile including any one of the above transmission lubrication systems.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the transmission lubrication system and the new energy automobile with the transmission lubrication system, corresponding independent lubrication structures are arranged for the needle bearings, so that the flow of lubricating oil received by the needle bearings can be reasonably distributed, and the increase of the flow of lubricating demand is avoided. The active lubrication system has strong adaptability to various gradient and angle inclination working conditions of the whole vehicle, small oil filling amount and full lubrication. Moreover, the device has the advantages of prolonging the service life of the transmission and improving the working efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described, and it is within the scope of the present invention to obtain other drawings according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Reference numerals illustrate:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of a transmission lubrication system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the transmission of the present invention with portions of the transmission housing hidden from view;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of the transmission of the present invention from another perspective with portions of the transmission housing hidden;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the transmission lubrication system of the present invention from one perspective;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the transmission lubrication system according to the present invention, from another perspective;

FIG. 6 is a schematic overall frame of the transmission lubrication system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the transmission of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the direction A corresponding to FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the direction B corresponding to FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of an oil cooler of the transmission lubrication system of the present invention;

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. An oil pump; 2. oil pipe; 3. an oil cooler, 3a and an oil inlet; 3b, an oil outlet; 3c, a liquid inlet, 3d and a liquid outlet; 4. an output shaft; 4a, a first oil duct; 4b, a second oil duct; 5. needle roller bearings; 6. a first gear; 6a, an oil drain groove; 7. an input shaft gear; 8. a transmission housing; 8a, a first oil injection hole; 8b, a fourth oil duct; 8c, a third oil duct; 8d, a second oil spraying hole; 8e, a third oil spraying hole; 8f, a fourth oil spraying hole; 9. a steering gear; 10. an output shaft gear; 11. an oil guide pipe; 12. a force transmission shaft; 13. bevel gears; 14-support bearings.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. If not conflicting, the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, as an object of the present invention, there is provided a transmission lubrication system including a transmission housing 8, an oil pump 1, an oil cooler 3, an oil pipe 2, and an oil pipe 11, and an oil storage chamber for storing lubricating oil is provided at a bottom of the transmission housing 8. The oil pump 1 is fixed to the transmission case 8 and communicates with the oil reservoir chamber, and lubricating oil is pumped from the transmission case 8 into the oil passages by controlling the internal gear pump of the oil pump 1 by controlling the motor provided in the oil pump 1. The oil cooler 3 is disposed outside the transmission case 8, and it should be noted that the oil cooler 3 may be directly fixed to the transmission case 8 or may be fixed at a relatively spaced distance. The oil pipe 2 communicates the oil pump 1 with the oil cooler 3, and the oil pipe 11 guides the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler 3 to the transmission case 8, so to speak, the cooled lubricating oil flows to the oil passages of the inner cavity and the case wall of the transmission case 8, and it should be noted that the oil pipe 2 and the oil pipe 11 may be oil pipes as separate members or may be obtained by providing corresponding oil passages in the case wall of the transmission case 8. In fig. 4-6, the oil passages in each substantially housing wall are shown as separate pieces of oil tubing, the transmission further comprising: the output shaft 4, the first oil passage 4a, the needle bearing 5, the second oil passage 4b, and the first gear 6, wherein the output shaft 4 is disposed in the transmission case 8. The first oil passage 4a extends in the axial direction thereof inside the output shaft 4 and conveys the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler 3, and the output shaft 4 includes an annular columnar body surrounding the first oil passage 4 a. Specifically, the first oil passage 4a is provided as an output shaft center hole, so that the annular columnar body is provided as an annular columnar shape, and the needle bearing 5 is fitted around the outer periphery of the output shaft 4 and includes a plurality of needle rollers. The second oil passage 4b circumferentially penetrates the annular columnar body in the radial direction of the output shaft 4 and communicates with the first oil passage 4 a. That is, the second oil passage 4b is formed to traverse the annular columnar body in the radial direction of the output shaft 4, the first gear 6 is fitted around the outer periphery of the first gear 6, the second oil passage 4b is opposed to the inner peripheral wall of the first gear 6, and one turn of the oil discharge groove 6a is provided at each of both ends of the first gear 6 in the axial direction of the output shaft 4, and the same function as the oil discharge groove can be obtained by forming a gap between both ends of the first gear 6 and both parts opposed thereto, and the lubricating oil entering the inside of the needle bearing 5 from the second oil passage 4b is discharged into the transmission case 8 through at least one of the two turns of the oil discharge groove 6 a. In this way, the first oil passage 4a can guide the lubricant oil into the output shaft 4 and flow to the needle bearings 5, the outlet of the second oil passage 4b is located below the respective needle bearings 5 and sprays the lubricant oil onto the needles of the needle bearings 5, and the lubricant oil is discharged back into the case from at least one of the oil discharge grooves 6a at both ends of the first gear 6 on the needles to form a return flow. Further, in the case where there are a plurality of needle bearings requiring lubrication, the number of the second oil passages 4b is set to coincide with the number of needle bearings 5 requiring lubrication. Because the transmission lubrication system is formed into an active lubrication system mode and the corresponding independent lubrication structure is arranged for the needle bearings 5, the lubrication oil flow flowing to the needle bearings 5 can be reasonably distributed, and especially for the case of a plurality of needle bearings, the lubrication oil flow flowing to each needle bearing can be more reasonably distributed, and the lubrication demand flow cannot be greatly increased. The active lubrication system has strong adaptability to various gradient and angle inclination working conditions of the whole vehicle, small oil filling amount and full lubrication. Moreover, the device has the advantages of prolonging the service life of the transmission and improving the working efficiency.

As shown in fig. 9, as an embodiment, a third oil passage 8c and an oil injection portion that are communicated with each other are provided in a wall of the transmission case 8, and the oil injection portion injects lubricating oil into the transmission case. Therefore, the oil spraying part can be reasonably arranged, so that related parts in the speed reducer shell can be lubricated in a targeted manner.

Preferably, the third oil passage 8c is located at the top of the transmission case 8 and extends in the axial direction of the transmission case 8. In this way, the third oil passage 8c passes substantially through the entire axial length of the transmission case 8, so that the third oil passage 8c can deliver lubricating oil to desired parts to be lubricated in the axial direction of the transmission case 8.

Further specifically, the oil injection portion includes a first oil injection hole 8a, a second oil injection hole 8d, and a third oil injection hole 8e, the transmission includes an input shaft gear 7, an output shaft 4, and a force transmission shaft 12 provided in the transmission housing 8, an output shaft gear 10 and a steering gear 9 are provided on the output shaft 4 in driving connection with the input shaft gear 7, and the first oil injection hole 8a, the second oil injection hole 8d, and the third oil injection hole 8e are provided to inject lubricating oil toward the input shaft gear 7, the steering gear 9, and the output shaft gear 10, respectively. Therefore, the lubricating oil discharged from each oil jet hole is directly discharged onto the corresponding gear, and drops back into the transmission case 8 after lubricating each gear.

As a further improvement, a plurality of oil spray holes are formed in a plurality of different positions in advance on the wall of the transmission casing 8, and each oil spray hole is initially sealed by an oil spray hole plug, and then the oil spray hole plug is pulled out according to the positions of different gears needing to be lubricated, so that the purpose of pertinently lubricating a plurality of gears is achieved, and the lubricating device can also adapt to the lubricating requirements of different gear trains matched with different transmissions.

Further preferably, the oil injection part further includes a fourth oil injection hole 8f, the transmission includes a bevel gear 13 provided in the transmission housing 8 and abutting against the input shaft gear 7, the bevel gear 13 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 4, and the fourth oil injection hole 8f is provided to inject lubricating oil toward the bevel gear 13. In this way, the bevel gear 13 can be lubricated by providing the fourth oil jet 8f, and the transmission reliability is further ensured.

As an embodiment, the transmission lubrication system further includes a support bearing 14 and a fourth oil passage 8b, the support bearing 14 including a plurality of rolling bodies and being for supporting one end portion of the output shaft 4, the fourth oil passage 8b being provided in the housing of the transmission housing 8 and being in vertical communication with the third oil passage 8c, specifically, the third oil passage 8c and the fourth oil passage 8b extending in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, an oil outlet chamber being provided between the transmission housing 8 and the support bearing 14, the end portion of the third oil passage 8c being opposed to the support bearing 14 so as to spray the lubricating oil toward the support bearing 14, the lubricating oil sprayed onto the support bearing 14 flowing from the gaps between the rolling body balls of the support bearing 14 into the oil outlet chamber. Thus, by providing the fourth oil passage 8b extending in the vertical direction, the flow velocity of the lubricating oil in the fourth oil passage 8b can be increased, and thus the flow rate of the lubricating oil flowing to the support bearing 14 can be increased, improving the lubricating effect on the support bearing 14. In addition, since the oil jet holes are designed for both the gear and the bearing, the flow rate of the lubricating oil for each lubricated member can be distributed more favorably.

As shown in fig. 10, as an embodiment, the oil cooler 3 includes an oil inlet 3a, an oil outlet 3b, a liquid inlet 3c and a liquid outlet 3d, and the oil cooler 3 is used for cooling lubricating oil to perform better lubrication and cooling functions, and the liquid inlet 3c and the liquid outlet 3d are used for inflow and outflow of cooling liquid. The oil inlet 3a and the oil outlet 3b of the oil cooler 3 are respectively connected with the oil passing pipe 2 and the oil guiding pipe 11, and the oil cooler 3 is arranged between the oil passing pipe 2 and the oil guiding pipe 11 in series, or the oil cooler 3 is arranged between the oil passing pipe 2 and the oil guiding pipe 11 in more than two ways in series, in parallel or in series-parallel. It should be understood that the series-parallel connection is applicable to the case where three or more oil coolers 3 are provided. In addition, the specific connection mode can be realized only by changing the arrangement structure of the oil pipe 2 and the oil pipe 11 at the two ends of the oil cooler 3 according to actual needs. In the invention, two oil coolers 3 are adopted and are connected in parallel between the oil pipe 2 and the oil pipe 11, and a three-way valve is arranged at the intersection pipeline between the two oil coolers 3, so that various working conditions such as single oil cooling, serial double oil cooling, parallel double oil cooling and the like can be realized, and the two oil coolers 3 are adopted, so that the actual cooling power can be adjusted according to the actual condition, and the adjustment range is enlarged.

As an embodiment, the transmission lubrication system further includes a flow control valve (not shown) that is connected in series to the oil pipe 2 for dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the lubricating oil to the transmission housing 8. Thus, by providing the flow control valve, and knowing that the flow control valve is connected to a controller of, for example, a new energy vehicle equipped with a transmission lubrication system, the controller controls the operation of the power components such as the input shaft and the output shaft 4, so that the controller can dynamically control the operation of the flow control valve in response to the operation condition of the power components, thereby controlling the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied to each lubricated component in real time, and ensuring that each lubricated component obtains good lubrication without excessive supply of the lubricating oil.

As shown in fig. 3 and 8, as an embodiment, the first gear 6 is an idler gear, the support bearing 14 is a ball bearing or a conical bearing, the rolling elements are ball balls or conical rollers, a center hole is provided along the center axis of the output shaft 4, the center hole is used as a first oil passage 4a, the annular column is an annular column, the center axis of the second oil passage 4b is perpendicular to the center axis of the first oil passage 4a, and the aperture is tapered toward the direction of the first oil passage 4a, so that the flow rate of lubricating oil ejected from the second oil passage 4b can be increased.

As another object of the present invention, a new energy vehicle, particularly a new energy commercial vehicle, is provided and includes any one of the above transmission lubrication systems, so that the new energy vehicle may obtain any one of the advantages of the above-described transmission lubrication systems, which will not be described herein, and the service life of the new energy vehicle is prolonged and the working efficiency of the new energy vehicle is improved due to the prolonged service life of the transmission and the improved working efficiency.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention, and any changes, equivalents, modifications and improvements that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A transmission lubrication system, comprising:

The transmission comprises a transmission shell, wherein an oil storage cavity for storing lubricating oil is arranged at the bottom of the transmission shell;

the oil pump is fixed on the transmission shell and is communicated with the oil storage cavity;

An oil cooler disposed outside the transmission case;

the oil pipe is used for communicating the oil pump with the oil cooler;

an oil guide pipe for guiding the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler to the transmission case;

the transmission further includes:

An output shaft disposed in the transmission housing;

A first oil passage extending in an axial direction thereof inside the output shaft and conveying the lubricating oil cooled by the oil cooler, the output shaft including an annular columnar body surrounding the first oil passage;

the needle roller bearing is sleeved on the periphery of the output shaft and comprises a plurality of needle rollers;

The second oil duct circumferentially penetrates through the annular cylindrical body in the radial direction of the output shaft and is communicated with the first oil duct;

The first gear is sleeved on the periphery of the needle bearing, the second oil duct is opposite to the needle of the needle bearing, a circle of oil drain grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the first gear in the axial direction of the output shaft, and lubricating oil passing through the needle by the second oil duct is discharged into the transmission shell through at least one of the two circles of oil drain grooves.

2. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 1, wherein a third oil passage and an oil injection portion that are communicated are provided in a wall of the transmission case, and the oil injection portion injects lubricating oil into the transmission case.

3. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 2, wherein the third oil passage is located at a top portion of the transmission housing and extends in an axial direction of the transmission housing.

4. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 2, wherein the oil injection portion includes a first oil injection hole, a second oil injection hole, and a third oil injection hole, the transmission includes an input shaft gear, an output shaft, and a power transmission shaft provided in the transmission case, a steering gear and an output shaft gear are provided on the output shaft in driving connection with the input shaft gear, and the first oil injection hole, the second oil injection hole, and the third oil injection hole are provided to inject lubricating oil toward the input shaft gear, the steering gear, and the output shaft gear, respectively.

5. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 4, wherein the oil injection portion further includes a fourth oil injection hole, the transmission includes a bevel gear provided in the transmission housing and abutting against the input shaft gear, the bevel gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft, and the fourth oil injection hole is provided to inject the lubricating oil toward the bevel gear.

6. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 4, further comprising a support bearing including a plurality of rolling elements and supporting an end portion of the output shaft, and a fourth oil passage provided in a wall of the transmission case and communicating vertically with the third oil passage, an oil outlet chamber being provided between the transmission case and the support bearing, a distal end of the third oil passage being opposed to the support bearing so as to spray the lubricating oil toward the support bearing, the lubricating oil sprayed onto the support bearing flowing from a gap between the rolling elements of the support bearing into the oil outlet chamber.

7. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 1, wherein the oil cooler includes an oil inlet, an oil outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the oil cooler are connected to the oil passing pipe and the oil guiding pipe, respectively, and the oil cooler is provided in one and in series between the oil passing pipe and the oil guiding pipe, or the oil cooler is provided in two or more and in series, in parallel or in series between the oil passing pipe and the oil guiding pipe.

8. The transmission lubrication system of claim 1, further comprising a flow control valve serially disposed on a through oil line for dynamically adjusting the amount of flow of the lubricating oil to the transmission housing.

9. The transmission lubrication system according to claim 6, wherein the first gear is provided as an idler gear, the support bearing is provided as a ball bearing or a conical bearing and the rolling bodies are correspondingly ball balls or conical rollers, the first oil passage is a center hole of the output shaft, the annular pillar shape is an annular pillar shape, a center axis of the second oil passage is perpendicular to a center axis of the first oil passage, and an aperture is tapered in a direction away from the first oil passage.

10. A new energy vehicle, characterized by comprising a transmission lubrication system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.