CN118039963A - Cathode semi-closed circulation and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system - Google Patents
Cathode semi-closed circulation and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118039963A CN118039963A CN202410169071.8A CN202410169071A CN118039963A CN 118039963 A CN118039963 A CN 118039963A CN 202410169071 A CN202410169071 A CN 202410169071A CN 118039963 A CN118039963 A CN 118039963A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 sodium aluminum hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boron Chemical compound [B].N JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium hydride Chemical compound [MgH2] RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 101
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003252 NaBO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a portable hydrogen fuel cell system with a cathode semi-closed circulation and an anode closed, which comprises an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, a condenser, a mixing cavity, a micro water tank, a liquid drop interception device, a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor and a control system; the cathode outlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is connected with the liquid drop interception device through the condenser, the gas path outlet of the liquid drop interception device is connected with the mixing cavity, and the mixing cavity is communicated with the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell; the waterway outlet of the liquid drop interception device is communicated with an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell through a micro water tank and a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor; a fresh air inlet is formed in the mixing cavity; the condenser is connected with a control system. The design of the cathode semi-closed circulation loop in the invention condenses and recovers water generated by hydrogen-oxygen reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell, effectively reduces the reserve water quantity required to be carried by the system, improves the internal environment humidity of the cell, improves the electrochemical performance of the cell and meets the high standard requirement of the mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-state hydride online hydrogen production and high-energy density mobile portable hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly relates to a mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system with a cathode semi-closed circulation and an anode closed.
Background
Because of its advantages of zero carbon emission, high heat value, flexible power transformation, easy acquisition, etc., the hydrogen energy is strategically located in the future energy structure in China, and the industry development thereof is receiving more and more attention, the mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system represented by the application scenario in the hydrogen transportation field will be the "lead application" of the development of the hydrogen energy industry (in the morning, ge Lei, wang Haixu. The Chinese hydrogen energy industry is being expected [ M ]. Boston consultation company, 2023).
The main challenge of mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell systems is how to achieve the high safety, heavy load, long endurance, fast replenishment of the overall performance target in a confined space and under allowable loads. Nowadays, various hydrogen fuel cell systems are designed according to different hydrogen storage modes, including high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, cryogenic high-pressure supercritical hydrogen storage, solid hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage, wherein the mode of combining solid hydrogen storage with solid hydride hydrolysis reaction to release hydrogen has the potential of being applied to mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell systems. The solid hydrogen storage at normal temperature and normal pressure ensures the high safety of the hydrogen storage process, and the solid hydrogen storage at normal temperature and normal pressure ensures the high safety of the hydrogen release process by the hydrogen release reaction of the solid hydride at normal temperature and normal pressure; meanwhile, high parasitic energy consumption (such as maintaining high-temperature reaction environment and the like) does not exist in the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reaction process, and the total hydrogen release amount is increased by the additional hydrogen ions provided by water, so that the effective hydrogen capacity of the system is further improved, and the performance requirements of heavy load and long endurance are met; in addition, the system energy can be rapidly supplemented in a mode of replacing the hydrogen storage material, and the method is convenient and rapid. Therefore, the mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system based on the hydrogen storage and supply mode of solid hydrogen storage and solid hydride on-line hydrolysis reaction release hydrogen has application potential.
The system is limited by the characteristics of reaction power, heat transfer, mass transfer and the like of the solid hydride material, and relatively excessive water is often needed to be reserved and provided for ensuring that hydrolysis reaction is stably and continuously carried out, so that the advantage of high energy density of the hydrogen fuel cell system is weakened to a certain extent, and the main technical problem that the reserved water carried by the hydrogen fuel cell system is reduced on the premise of ensuring the hydrogen release rate and meeting the energy supply requirement is solved.
The cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell is classified into a water-cooled type and an air-cooled type. Compared with a water-cooled type, the air-cooled type hydrogen fuel cell system is relatively more compact and is more suitable for mobile application scenes because the air-cooled type hydrogen fuel cell system does not need an additional cooling loop, a cooling medium storage tank and other independent auxiliary devices and only needs to increase the cathode air supply flow to realize oxygen supply and heat exchange functions. However, the excessive dry cathode air supply of the traditional air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell causes the internal environment humidity of the cell to be drastically reduced, so that the running state of the cell is far away from the optimal state, and the energy conversion efficiency of the cell is remarkably reduced. Therefore, on the premise of maintaining the compactness of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system, how to improve the internal environment humidity of the cell and the electrochemical performance of the cell are also the technical problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of overlarge water storage requirement and low internal environment humidity of a battery in the existing air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system taking solid-state hydride online hydrolysis hydrogen production as a hydrogen source, the invention aims to provide a cathode semi-closed circulation and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system which avoids excessive water loss of the system, realizes high-proportion recovery of water generated by the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, ensures the internal environment humidity of the battery and improves the electrochemical performance of the battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The portable hydrogen fuel cell system comprises an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, a condenser, a mixing cavity, a micro water tank, a liquid drop interception device, a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor and a control system;
The cathode outlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is connected with the liquid drop interception device through the condenser, the gas path outlet of the liquid drop interception device is connected with the mixing cavity, and the mixing cavity is communicated with the cathode inlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell;
The waterway outlet of the liquid drop interception device is communicated with the anode inlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell through the micro water tank and the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor;
The mixing cavity is provided with a fresh air inlet;
the condenser is connected with a control system.
Further, the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell includes a single cell assembly; the upper part of one side of the single cell component is provided with an anode outlet, and the lower part is provided with an anode inlet; the upper part of the other side is provided with a cathode inlet, and the lower part is provided with a cathode outlet; a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the cathode; an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the anode outlet;
The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell has anode inlet connected to the solid state hydride hydrolyzing reactor, cathode inlet connected to the mixing cavity, cathode outlet connected to the condenser, temperature sensor and solenoid valve connected to the control system.
Further, an active heat exchange device is arranged in the condenser and is connected with the control system.
Further, the condenser inner surface is coated with a hydrophobic coating.
Further, the mixing cavity comprises a cavity body, a circulating gas outlet, a fresh air inlet and a circulating gas inlet;
The top of the cavity is provided with a circulating gas outlet, the bottom of the cavity is provided with a circulating gas inlet, and the fresh air inlet is formed in the side wall of the cavity;
The circulating gas inlet is connected with the liquid drop interception device, a circulating fan is arranged between the circulating gas outlet and the cathode inlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, and the circulating fan is connected with the control system; the fresh air inlet is provided with a fresh air fan which is connected with the control system.
Further, the liquid drop interception device comprises a shell, an interception component is arranged in the shell, a gas inlet is arranged at the top of the shell, a gas path outlet is arranged on the side wall of the shell, and a waterway outlet is arranged at the bottom of the shell;
The gas inlet is connected with the condenser, the gas path outlet is connected with the mixing cavity, and the water path outlet is connected with the micro water tank.
Further, the device also comprises a three-way valve, wherein the gas path outlet is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, the first outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the back pressure valve, and the second outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the mixing cavity;
the surface of the interception element is hydrophilic.
Further, the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor comprises a hydrogen supply pipeline, a buffer space, a pressure probe, a reactor shell, a light element hydride material bed layer and a water inlet pipeline;
The top of the reactor shell is provided with a hydrogen supply pipeline, the bottom of the reactor shell is provided with a water inlet pipeline, the space of the lower half part in the reactor shell is filled with a light element hydride material bed, the space of the upper half part is a buffer space, the water inlet pipeline stretches into the light element hydride material bed, and the side wall of the buffer space is provided with a pressure probe;
The water inlet pipeline is connected with the miniature water tank, the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected with the anode inlet, and the pressure probe is connected with the control system.
Further, a one-way valve and a peristaltic pump are arranged between the water inlet pipeline and the miniature water tank, the peristaltic pump is connected with the control system, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected with the anode inlet through a pressure reducing valve.
Further, the light element hydride material of the light element hydride material bed layer is sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium aluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, ammonia borane or magnesium hydride.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, through arranging the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, circulating gas containing cathode tail gas flowing out of a cathode outlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell flows into a condenser to be subjected to moisture condensation, the circulating gas carrying water droplets is obtained after condensation, the circulating gas carrying the water droplets is subjected to gas-liquid separation through a droplet interception device, the separated water droplets are collected in a micro water tank through a waterway outlet on the lower wall of the droplet interception device, the separated circulating gas is dry circulating gas, the dry circulating gas flows to the downstream through a gas path outlet, a small part of the circulating gas is discharged out of a system, most of the circulating gas is mixed with fresh air blown in through a fresh air inlet in a mixing cavity, the mixed circulating gas is circulating gas containing fresh air, and the circulating gas containing fresh air flows back to a cathode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell through the cathode inlet to form a cathode semi-closed gas circulating flow loop; in the invention, the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is set to be in an anode outlet periodical sealing/purging operation mode, and hydrogen released by solid-state hydride hydrolysis reaction in the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor is introduced into the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell through an anode inlet. Most of the dry circulating gas flows into a downstream mixing cavity and is mixed with the input fresh air, the circulating gas containing the fresh air flows back to the cathode inlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, the semi-closed circulating flow of the cathode gas is realized, the flow of the fresh air is controlled by a control system, and the input of the fresh air ensures the consumption and the supply of the cathode oxygen of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell. The high-temperature and high-humidity circulating gas containing cathode tail gas at the cathode outlet enters a condenser, water generated by oxyhydrogen reaction of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is carried, most of the water is condensed into liquid water, a small part of the water is still gaseous water, the condensed circulating gas carrying water drops is subjected to gas-liquid separation through a drop interception device, and the liquid water is intercepted and collected into a micro water tank; and the dried circulating gas after gas-liquid separation is discharged from the system in a small amount, and only a small amount of water vapor is carried, so that excessive water loss of the system is avoided, and the high-proportion recovery of the generated water of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is realized.
Further, the anode outlet is controlled by an electromagnetic valve, so that a long-period anode closing instruction and a short-time tail gas purging instruction can be executed.
Furthermore, the circulating gas in the cathode semi-closed gas circulation flow loop exchanges with the external environment gas, only comprises the circulating gas discharged from a small part of the back pressure valve and the fresh air input from the fresh air fan, and the flow rate of the circulating gas is approximately equal and is far smaller than that of the circulating gas in the cathode semi-closed gas circulation flow loop, so that the gas exchange between the system and the external environment only has a small influence on the high-humidity environment of the cathode, the maintenance of the high-humidity environment improves the working environment of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, and the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen electricity conversion is improved.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic valve is arranged at the anode outlet, so that an anode outlet periodic sealing/purging operation mode can be adopted, when the anode outlet is sealed, the hydrogen in the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is guaranteed to be fully utilized, when the anode outlet is purged, the tail gas purging and the gas atmosphere updating in the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell are realized, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved on the premise that the hydrogen content in the anode gas atmosphere is enough, and the carrying requirement of hydrogen, namely a hydrogen storage material, is reduced.
Further, the hydrophobic coating coated on the inner wall of the condenser can promote the condensation process of water vapor to be always kept in a drop-shaped condensation mode, so that the condensation efficiency of the condenser is increased, water drops are facilitated to rapidly fall off from the inner wall of the condenser, the specification requirement of the condenser is reduced on the premise of the same condensation requirement, and the volume and the weight of a system are reduced.
Further, the surface property of the liquid drop interception device material has hydrophilic property, so that the micro water drops in the circulating gas carrying the water drops are conveniently sucked and intercepted, meanwhile, the rolling contact angle of the water drops on the surface of the device is reduced by uniform coating, the water drops can roll quickly with low resistance, the water drops can automatically and quickly flow into the micro water tank, and the water recovery rate is improved.
Furthermore, the upper half part of the internal space of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor is provided with a gas buffer zone, so that the discharge of hydrogen after the explanation of hydrogen by light element hydride material water is facilitated; the water inlet pipeline arranged on the lower wall of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor stretches into the light-weight element hydride material bed layer, so that the radial water supply difference in the light-weight element hydride material bed layer is reduced, and the uniform performance of the material hydrolysis hydrogen-releasing reaction is promoted.
Furthermore, the small part of the dry circulating gas is discharged from the system through the back pressure valve, and the flow rate of the circulating gas is approximately equal to that of fresh air input through a fresh air fan, so that the stability of the gas pressure of the cathode semi-closed gas circulating flow loop is ensured.
Furthermore, the pressure reducing valve is arranged between the hydrogen supply pipeline of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor and the anode inlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, so that the stability of the pressure of the ambient gas in the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is ensured.
Further, a one-way valve is arranged between the peristaltic pump and the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor and is used for preventing water backflow and material leakage caused by overlarge hydrogen pressure in the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor.
Further, a temperature sensor is arranged at the cathode outlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, the change of the temperature of the gas at the cathode outlet is monitored and fed back, the power of the cathode gas for circulating flow is provided by a circulating fan, when the heat generating power of the system changes, the running flow of the circulating fan is synchronously regulated, the heat balance of the system is maintained, and the safe running of the system is ensured; the side wall of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor is provided with a hydrogen pressure measuring point, a peristaltic pump is regulated by utilizing the change of the hydrogen pressure in the reactor, and the water inflow of the reactor is controlled, so that the stability of the hydrolysis hydrogen release reaction rate and the hydrogen pressure in the reactor is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable hydrogen fuel cell system with cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mixing chamber structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a droplet intercepting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the solid state hydride hydrolysis reactor configuration of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, 101 is a single cell component, 102 is an anode outlet, 103 is an anode inlet, 104 is a cathode inlet, 105 is a temperature sensor, 106 is a cathode outlet, 2 is a circulating fan, 3 is a condenser, 4 is a mixing cavity, 401 is a cavity, 402 is a circulating gas outlet, 403 is a fresh air inlet, 404 is a circulating gas inlet, 5 is a fresh air fan, 6 is a micro water tank, 7 is a peristaltic pump, 8 is a liquid drop interception device, 801 is an interception component, 802 is a gas inlet, 803 is a gas path outlet, 804 is a water path outlet, 9 is a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor, 901 is a hydrogen supply pipeline, 902 is a gas buffer zone, 903 is a pressure probe, 904 is a reactor shell, 905 is a light element hydride material bed, 906 is a water inlet pipeline, 10 is a control system, A is an electromagnetic valve, B is a pressure reducing valve, C is a back pressure valve, D is a one-way valve, and A' is a three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a portable hydrogen fuel cell system with a cathode semi-closed circulation and an anode closed, which comprises an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, a circulating fan 2, a condenser 3, a mixing cavity 4, a fresh air fan 5, a micro water tank 6, a peristaltic pump 7, a liquid drop interception device 8, a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 and a control system 10.
Referring to fig. 2, the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 includes a unit cell assembly 101, an anode outlet 102, an anode inlet 103, a cathode inlet 104, a temperature sensor 105, and a cathode outlet 106; the upper part of one side of the single cell assembly 101 is provided with an anode outlet 102, and the lower part is provided with an anode inlet 103; the other side has a cathode inlet 104 at the upper part and a cathode outlet 106 at the lower part. A temperature sensor is provided at the cathode outlet 106.
Referring to fig. 1, an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell anode outlet 102 is connected with a cell valve a, an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell anode inlet 103 is connected with a pressure reducing valve B, the pressure reducing valve B is connected with a hydrogen supply pipeline 901 of a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9, a water inlet pipeline 906 of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 is connected with a one-way valve D, the one-way valve D is connected with a peristaltic pump 7, and the peristaltic pump 7 is connected with an outlet of a micro water tank 6.
The inner surface of the condenser 3 is coated with a hydrophobic coating, and the material surface exhibits hydrophobic properties.
Referring to fig. 4, the droplet intercepting device 8 includes a housing, an intercepting assembly 801 is disposed in the housing, a gas inlet 802 is disposed at the top of the housing, a gas path outlet 803 is disposed on a sidewall of the housing, and a water path outlet 804 is disposed at the bottom of the housing.
The interception component is a silk screen demister and is used for intercepting liquid drops. The interception component is soaked by hydrophilic coating, and the surface of the material presents hydrophilic characteristic.
Referring to fig. 5, the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 comprises a hydrogen supply line 901, a buffer space 902, a pressure probe 903, a reactor shell 904, a bed 905 of light elemental hydride material, and an inlet line 906;
The top of the reactor shell 904 is provided with a hydrogen supply pipeline 901, the bottom of the reactor shell 904 is provided with a water inlet pipeline 906, the space of the lower half part in the reactor shell 904 is filled with a light element hydride material bed 905, the space of the upper half part is a buffer space 902, the water inlet pipeline 906 extends into the light element hydride material bed 905, and the side wall of the buffer space 902 is provided with a pressure probe 903.
The light elemental hydride material of the light elemental hydride material bed 905 is a hydrolyzable hydride such as sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium aluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, ammonia borane, or magnesium hydride.
Referring to fig. 3, the mixing chamber 4 includes a chamber 401, a circulating gas outlet 402, a fresh air inlet 403, and a circulating gas inlet 404; the top of the cavity 401 is provided with a circulating gas outlet 402, the side wall of the cavity 401 is provided with a fresh air inlet 403, and the bottom of the cavity 401 is provided with a circulating gas inlet 404.
Referring to fig. 1, a cathode outlet 106 of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is connected to an inlet of a condenser 3, an outlet of the condenser 3 is connected to a gas inlet 802 of a droplet intercepting device 8, a waterway outlet 804 of the droplet intercepting device 8 is connected to an inlet of a micro water tank 6, an outlet of the micro water tank 6 is connected to an inlet of a peristaltic pump 7, an outlet of the peristaltic pump 7 is connected to a water inlet pipe 906 of a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 via a check valve D, and a hydrogen supply pipe 901 of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 is connected to an anode inlet 103 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 via a pressure reducing valve B. The gas path outlet 803 of the droplet interception device 8 is connected with the inlet of a three-way valve A ', the first outlet of the three-way valve A ' is connected with a back pressure valve C, the second outlet of the three-way valve A ' is connected with the circulating gas inlet 404 of the mixing chamber 4, the fresh air fan 5 is connected with the fresh air inlet 403 of the mixing chamber 4, the circulating outlet 401 of the mixing chamber 4 is connected with a circulating fan 2, and the circulating fan 2 is connected with the cathode inlet 104 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1.
An active heat exchange device is arranged in the condenser 3. The circulation fan 2, the fresh air fan 5, the peristaltic pump 7, the electromagnetic valve A and the active heat exchange device in the condenser 3 are connected with the control system 10, and the flow of the circulation fan 2, the fresh air fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 7, the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve A and the running power of the active heat exchange device in the condenser 3 are controlled by the control system 10.
The basic working principle of the portable hydrogen fuel cell system with the cathode semi-closed circulation and the anode closed is as follows: under the action of peristaltic pump 7, the water stored in micro water tank 6 is conveyed to solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 through water inlet pipeline 906, solid-state hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production reaction is carried out with light element hydride material bed 905, released hydrogen is temporarily stored in buffer space 902, through hydrogen supply pipeline 901, conveyed to the anode of air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 through pressure reducing valve B and anode inlet 103, hydrogen and oxygen reaction in the cell are generated, electromagnetic valve A is arranged at the anode outlet of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, and the reacted anode tail gas is periodically sealed or purged through anode outlet 102 and discharged out of the system through electromagnetic valve A; the circulating gas containing cathode tail gas flows into the condenser 3 through the cathode outlet 106, the condensed circulating gas containing cathode tail gas is called circulating gas carrying water droplets, the circulating gas carrying water droplets enters the droplet interception device 8 through the inlet 802 to realize gas-liquid separation, wherein the intercepted water droplets flow into the micro water tank 6 through the waterway outlet 804 to serve as reserve water for solid-state hydride hydrolysis reaction consumption, the circulating gas carrying water droplets after gas-liquid separation is called dry circulating gas, the dry circulating gas passes through the gas path outlet 803, the small part of the circulating gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the first outlet of the three-way valve A 'through the back pressure valve C, the majority of the circulating gas circulates through the second outlet of the three-way valve A', flows into the mixing cavity 4 through the circulating gas inlet 404, is mixed with fresh air input into the mixing cavity 4 through the fresh air inlet 403 of the fresh air fan 5, the mixed dry circulating gas is called fresh air, and the fresh air circulating gas flows back to the cathode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 under the action of the circulating fan 2 to participate in the internal reaction of the battery.
The basic control principle of the portable hydrogen fuel cell system with the cathode semi-closed circulation and the anode closed is as follows: the pressure probe 903 arranged in the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 monitors the hydrogen pressure of the buffer space 902 in real time and feeds back a pressure electric signal to the control system 10, when the hydrogen pressure deviates from a set value, the water feeding rate of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 is controlled by adjusting the water feeding rate of the peristaltic pump 7, so that the hydrolysis reaction rate of the light element hydride material bed 905 is adjusted, the hydrogen feeding rate of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 is kept approximately consistent with the hydrogen consumption rate of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, and the stability of the hydrogen pressure in the gas buffer area 902 of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 and the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is maintained; setting the closing period and frequency of the anode outlet 102 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, and sending closing and purging instructions to the electromagnetic valve A through the control system 10 to realize the periodic closing/purging of the anode outlet 102 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, thereby ensuring the efficient utilization of hydrogen in the anode and the updating of the gas atmosphere; the rated operation flow of the fresh air fan 5 is set, the temperature electric signal which is monitored and fed back in real time by the temperature sensor 105 at the cathode outlet 106 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is fed to the control system 10, the control system 10 automatically adjusts the operation flow of the circulating fan 2, and simultaneously adjusts the operation power of an active heat exchange device arranged in the condenser 3, so that the stability of the operation temperature of the system is ensured.
The following is one embodiment.
Providing power to an energy device. Assuming that the number of single cells constituting the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 in the system is 16, the rated output power of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is 200W, the output voltage is 12V, the energy conversion efficiency is 50%, and the stable operation temperature is 65 ℃; the control system 10 and the controlled components thereof comprise a circulating fan 2, a condenser 3, a fresh air fan 5, a peristaltic pump 7 and an electromagnetic valve A, and the total power consumption is about 30W; the atmospheric gas temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is negligible, the gas density is 1.205kg/m 3, and the specific heat capacity is 1.005 kJ/(kg K).
When the system is started up: opening an internal circuit general switch connected with each energy utilization device in the system, and reacting residual hydrogen in the anode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 and the buffer space 902 of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 with oxygen in the air in the cathode to generate 30W electric energy, so as to ensure the normal starting and the stable running according to the setting of a control system and components in the system and realize the self-checking and the initialization of the system; the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 generates power of 30W, voltage of 12V, and current of 2.5A, wherein the anode hydrogen consumption rate, the cathode oxygen consumption rate and the cell water production rate are calculated by the formula (1):
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Is the anode hydrogen consumption rate, I is the current, N is the number of single cells,/>Is the relative molecular mass of hydrogen, F is Faraday constant, and the value is 96500C/mol,/>For cathode oxygen consumption rate,/>Is the relative molecular mass of oxygen and,For the water production rate of the battery,/>Is the relative molecular mass of water. The anode hydrogen consumption rate, the cathode oxygen consumption rate, and the cell water production rate were calculated to be 0.0004145g/s,0.003316g/s, and 0.003731g/s, respectively.
The energy conversion efficiency of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is 50%, the heat generation power of the cell is 30W, and assuming that the temperature of the circulating gas can be reduced to 25 ℃ in the environment after the circulating gas is condensed by the condenser, the temperature difference between the gas at the cathode outlet 106 and the gas at the cathode inlet 104 is 40 ℃, and the operation flow of the circulating fan 2 is calculated by the formula (2):
Wherein, For the operation flow of the circulating fan, P heat is the heat power generated by the battery, c p is the specific heat capacity of the circulating gas, and DeltaT is the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cathode. The operation flow of the circulating fan is 0.7463g/s after calculation.
Meanwhile, assuming that the liquid drop interception device 9 has excellent gas-liquid separation performance, the dried circulating gas is only composed of dry air and water vapor, and the humidity of the condensed and gas-liquid separated dried circulating gas is considered to be saturated humidity at the corresponding temperature, the moisture content is 20.08g/kg a, and the water vapor flow is 0.01499g/s; the rated operation flow of the fresh air fan 5 is the same as the flow of the dry circulating gas discharged through the back pressure valve C, and is set to be 2 times of the air consumption rate corresponding to the cathode oxygen consumption rate of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, and is calculated by the formula (3):
Wherein, The rated operation flow of the fresh air fan is 0.03158g/s after calculation.
The humidity difference between the dry circulating gas and the atmosphere environment causes the moisture content of the circulating gas containing fresh air to be reduced, the water vapor flow is reduced to 0.01436g/s, and the moisture content is reduced to 19.23g/kg a; the circulating gas containing fresh air is humidified by hydrogen-oxygen reaction of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1, so that the flow of water vapor in the circulating gas containing cathode tail gas is increased to 0.01809g/s, the influence of oxygen consumption on the dry air quality change is ignored, and the moisture content is increased to 24.24g/kg a; from the difference in the flow rates of water vapor in the recycle gas containing the cathode off-gas and the dry recycle gas, it was found that the water vapor condensation rate was 0.0031g/s, and the water recovery rate was calculated by the formula (4):
Wherein eta is the water recovery rate, Is the rate of water vapor condensation. The calculated water recovery rate is 83.09%, which indicates that the cathode semi-closed circulation water recovery operation mode has excellent water recovery performance in the system startup stage.
When the system is powered outwards: opening an external circuit main switch connected with energy consumption devices outside the system to supply energy to the outside, wherein the output power of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is suddenly increased to rated power of 200W, the voltage is kept to be 12V, the current is increased to 1.67A, the increased anode hydrogen consumption rate, the cathode oxygen consumption rate and the battery water production rate are calculated by a formula (1), and the increased anode hydrogen consumption rate, the cathode oxygen consumption rate and the battery water production rate are 0.002763g/s,0.02211g/s and 0.02487g/s respectively; as the consumption of hydrogen increases, the pressure probe 903 monitors and feeds back an electric signal of the decrease of the hydrogen pressure in the buffer space 902 of the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor 9 to the control system 10, the control system 10 outputs the electric signal to act on the peristaltic pump 7 to increase the inflow rate, thereby increasing the hydrogen release rate of the light-weight element hydride material bed 905 and meeting the hydrogen consumption requirement of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1; correspondingly, the rated running flow of the fresh air fan 5 and the tail gas flow discharged by the dry circulating gas through the back pressure valve C are increased to 0.2105g/s, so that the oxygen consumption requirement of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is met; meanwhile, the energy conversion efficiency of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 is considered to be 50%, as the output power is increased to 200W, the self heat generation of the cell is correspondingly increased to 200W, the temperature of the circulating gas containing cathode tail gas at the cathode outlet 106 is increased firstly, the temperature sensor 105 feeds back an electric signal for increasing the gas temperature at the cathode outlet 106 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 to the control system 10, the control system 10 outputs the electric signal to act on the circulating fan 2, the circulating gas operation flow is increased, the circulating fan 2 operation flow is increased to 4.975g/s as calculated by the formula (2), and meanwhile, the control system 10 adjusts the operation power of the active heat exchange device in the condenser 3, so that the temperature of the circulating gas of the cathode outlet 106 of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 and condensed carrying water drops is ensured to be unchanged; likewise, the humidity of the condensed and gas-liquid separated dry circulating gas is still saturated at the corresponding temperature, namely 20.08g/kg a, and then the water vapor mass flow is 0.09990g/s; after the dried circulating gas is mixed with fresh air, the moisture content of the circulating gas containing the fresh air is 19.23g/kg a, and the water vapor flow is 0.09567g/s; neglecting the influence of oxygen consumption on the dry air quality change in the circulating gas, the circulating gas containing cathode tail gas humidified by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 1 has the moisture content of 24.31g/kg a and the water vapor mass flow of 0.1205g/s, the water vapor condensation rate is 0.0206g/s, the water recovery rate is calculated by the formula (4), and the water recovery rate is 82.83%, which indicates that the cathode semi-closed circulating water recovery operation mode has excellent water recovery performance when the system is powered outwards.
Taking NaBH 4 as a light element hydride material as an example, after the function of efficiently recycling water is calculated, the total amount of reserved water carried by a system is calculated, and the reaction formula of hydrogen release by the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH 4 is as follows:
NaBH4(s)+(2+n+x)H2O(l)→NaBO2·nH2O(l)+4H2(g)+xH2O (5)
where n is the fraction of additional water consumed to form the hydrate and x is the fraction of additional water necessary to drive the reaction to proceed steadily; assuming x is equal to 2 and n is equal to 4 when the reaction temperature is below 53.6 ℃, the total amount of water required to maintain the NaBH 4 stable hydrolysis to release hydrogen is 2+n+x equal to 8 and the mass energy density of the NaBH 4 bed without other devices is 4.4wt%.
As is clear from the reaction formula (6),
2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(g) (6)
The molar quantity of water produced by the oxyhydrogen reaction of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is equal to the molar quantity of hydrogen released by the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH 4, and the water recovery rate is set to 80%, so that the total quantity of the reserved water carried by an actual system is 4.8, which is only 60% in the traditional condition, and the mass energy density is improved to 6.4wt%.
Taking the 200s closed period and the 1s purge period of the anode outlet periodic closed/purge operation mode as an example, the total amount of hydride consumption in the mode and the anode outlet full open operation mode under the same load condition is calculated. The number of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells is 32, the total output power is 1000W, the output voltage is 24V, the output current is 41.67A, the anode hydrogen consumption rate is calculated by the formula (1), and the anode hydrogen consumption rate is 0.01382g/s. Since a part of the input hydrogen is not involved in the reaction in the anode outlet full open operation mode, and thus the hydrogen is wasted, it can be assumed that the anode hydrogen utilization rate is about 80% in the anode outlet full open operation mode, whereas the hydrogen input to the anode during the closing period is all used for the oxyhydrogen reaction, i.e., the utilization rate is 100% in the anode outlet periodic closing/purging operation mode, and the utilization rate is only approximately regarded as 80% during the purging period. It is calculated that in the anode outlet fully open mode, the required hydrogen input is 3.472g, while in the anode outlet closed/purge mode of operation, the required hydrogen input is 2.781g, reducing the hydrogen consumption by about 20%.
In the invention, solid hydride is subjected to on-line hydrolysis reaction to release hydrogen, and is input into the anode of a hydrogen fuel cell, and the outlet of the anode is periodically sealed/purged; the cathode tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell is carried out by circulating gas, and in a circulating loop, condensation and collection of water produced by the cell and updating of gas atmosphere are completed through condensation, gas-liquid separation, tail gas emission and fresh air input; the light element hydrides such as sodium borohydride are used as the hydrogen storage materials of the system, and the on-line on-demand hydrogen release is realized through the controllable hydrolysis reaction of the solid hydrides; the water produced by hydrogen-oxygen reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered, so that the water storage quantity required to be carried by the system is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the design of the circulation loop improves the internal environment humidity of the battery and improves the electrochemical performance of the battery; the cathode semi-closed circulating water recycling operation mode of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell is innovatively designed and adopted, a semi-closed cathode airflow flowing loop is constructed by introducing a compact condenser and a liquid drop interception device, the high-efficiency recycling of water is realized on the premise of guaranteeing the oxygen consumption requirement of the system and maintaining the heat balance of the system, the water carrying and storing requirement is reduced, the volume of a water tank and the total weight of the system are greatly reduced, and the hydrogen capacity and the power density of the system are improved; meanwhile, the periodic closing/purging operation mode of the anode outlet is adopted, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is improved on the premise of ensuring the hydrogen content ratio in the anode and the overall gas atmosphere health, the quantity of hydrogen storage materials required to be carried by the system is reduced under the condition of the same task load requirement, the energy density of the system is further improved, the high standard requirement of the mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system is met, and the method has reference and reference significance for the implementation of the mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system.
The above embodiments are merely examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system with the cathode semi-closed circulation and the anode closed is characterized by comprising an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell (1), a condenser (3), a mixing cavity (4), a micro water tank (6), a liquid drop interception device (8), a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor (9) and a control system (10);
The cathode outlet (106) of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell (1) is connected with the liquid drop interception device (8) through the condenser (3), the gas path outlet (803) of the liquid drop interception device (8) is communicated with the mixing cavity (4), and the mixing cavity (4) is communicated with the cathode inlet (104) of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell;
The waterway outlet (804) of the liquid drop interception device (8) is communicated with the anode inlet (103) of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell through the micro water tank (6) and the solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor (9);
A fresh air inlet (403) is formed in the mixing cavity (4);
the condenser (3) is connected with a control system (10).
2. The cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell (1) comprises a single cell assembly (101); an anode outlet (102) is arranged at the upper part of one side of the single cell assembly (101), and an anode inlet (103) is arranged at the lower part; the upper part of the other side is provided with a cathode inlet (104), and the lower part is provided with a cathode outlet (106); a temperature sensor (105) is arranged at the cathode outlet (106); an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the anode outlet (102);
An air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell anode inlet (103) is connected with a solid-state hydride hydrolysis reactor (9), a cathode inlet (104) is connected with a mixing cavity (4), a cathode outlet (106) is connected with a condenser (3), and a temperature sensor (105) and an electromagnetic valve are connected with a control system (10).
3. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system with cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed according to claim 1, wherein an active heat exchange device is arranged in the condenser (3), and the active heat exchange device is connected with the control system (10).
4. A cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that the condenser (3) inner surface is coated with a hydrophobic coating.
5. The cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber (4) comprises a chamber (401), a recycle gas outlet (402), a fresh air inlet (403) and a recycle gas inlet (404);
the top of the cavity (401) is provided with a circulating gas outlet (402), the bottom of the cavity (401) is provided with a circulating gas inlet (404), and a fresh air inlet (403) is formed on the side wall of the cavity (401);
The circulating gas inlet (404) is connected with the liquid drop interception device (8), a circulating fan (2) is arranged between the circulating gas outlet (402) and the cathode inlet (106) of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell (1), and the circulating fan (2) is connected with the control system (10); a fresh air fan (5) is arranged at the fresh air inlet (403), and the fresh air fan (5) is connected with the control system (10).
6. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system with cathode semi-closed circulation and anode closed according to claim 1, wherein the droplet interception device (8) comprises a housing, an interception component (801) is arranged in the housing, a gas inlet (802) is arranged at the top of the housing, a gas path outlet (803) is arranged on the side wall of the housing, and a water path outlet (804) is arranged at the bottom of the housing;
The gas inlet (802) is connected with the condenser (3), the gas path outlet (803) is connected with the mixing cavity (4), and the water path outlet (804) is connected with the micro water tank (6).
7. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system of claim 6 further comprising a three-way valve, the gas path outlet (803) being connected to the inlet of the three-way valve, the first outlet of the three-way valve being connected to the back pressure valve, the second outlet of the three-way valve being connected to the mixing chamber (4);
The surface of the interception component (801) is hydrophilic.
8. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system with cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed according to claim 1, wherein the solid state hydride hydrolysis reactor (9) comprises a hydrogen supply line (901), a buffer space (902), a pressure probe (903), a reactor housing (904), a bed of light elemental hydride material (905) and a water inlet line (906);
A hydrogen supply pipeline (901) is arranged at the top of the reactor shell (904), a water inlet pipeline (906) is arranged at the bottom of the reactor shell (904), a light element hydride material bed (905) is filled in the space at the lower half part in the reactor shell (904), a buffer space (902) is arranged in the space at the upper half part, the water inlet pipeline (906) stretches into the light element hydride material bed (905), and a pressure probe (903) is arranged on the side wall of the buffer space (902);
the water inlet pipeline (906) is connected with the micro water tank (6), the hydrogen supply pipeline (901) is connected with the anode inlet (103), and the pressure probe (903) is connected with the control system (10).
9. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system with cathode semi-closed cycle and anode closed according to claim 8, wherein a check valve and a peristaltic pump (7) are arranged between the water inlet pipeline (906) and the micro water tank (6), the peristaltic pump (7) is connected with the control system (10), and the hydrogen supply pipeline (901) is connected with the anode inlet (103) through a pressure reducing valve.
10. The portable hydrogen fuel cell system of claim 8, wherein the light-weight element hydride material of the light-weight element hydride material bed (905) is sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium aluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, ammonia borane, or magnesium hydride.
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| CN202410169071.8A CN118039963A (en) | 2024-02-06 | 2024-02-06 | Cathode semi-closed circulation and anode closed mobile portable hydrogen fuel cell system |
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