CN1180349C - Quick flashing decument system - Google Patents
Quick flashing decument system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1180349C CN1180349C CNB001284304A CN00128430A CN1180349C CN 1180349 C CN1180349 C CN 1180349C CN B001284304 A CNB001284304 A CN B001284304A CN 00128430 A CN00128430 A CN 00128430A CN 1180349 C CN1180349 C CN 1180349C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/16—File or folder operations, e.g. details of user interfaces specifically adapted to file systems
- G06F16/164—File meta data generation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/11—File system administration, e.g. details of archiving or snapshots
- G06F16/113—Details of archiving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/16—File or folder operations, e.g. details of user interfaces specifically adapted to file systems
- G06F16/162—Delete operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/17—Details of further file system functions
- G06F16/1727—Details of free space management performed by the file system
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Abstract
A quick flashing file system can run independently without alone quick flashing drivers or storage devices and process data (generate, write, modify, search, erase and recover) in a form of a file in the quick flashing memory. The system includes: a file information block having a state, a leader record and one or more file information item; a free erase block, stored in the file information block to detect the effective instrument information item when the file information block is recurrent; at least one or more data blocks, writing the data having the continuous address. The flash file system is provided to easily access data in a form of a file, even though using a special file system is difficult, by forming an independent file system in a flash memory.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quickflashing (flash) file system, more particularly relate to and do not use independent flash drive or memory device and can be unit carries out access to flash memory flash file system with the file.
Background technology
Flash memory is the electric erasable and the programmable read only memory (EEPROM) of a kind of use flash-type floating gate transistor (floating gate transistor).Flash memory is widely used in the memory device of stored programme and data in the computing machine, and communication terminal or the like.
Do not resemble common storer, flash memory can be write and obliterated data by a kind of control of simple program, even when power supply was cut off, flash memory also can keep being stored in data wherein.Because these characteristics, the application of flash memory promptly enlarge.
Yet, though being stored in the data of the ad-hoc location of flash memory can be by random access, just as random-access memory (ram), non-volatile random access memory (non-volatile random accessmemory, NVRAM) or disk the same, the modification that flash memory adopts or the method for obliterated data are different from other memory device.That is, when the data that write on flash memory were changed or wipe, the user can not only change or wipe the part that needs, because change or deletion must be carried out with erasure block unit.This erase block is a kind of unit that can be wiped simultaneously.This erase block constitutes by a plurality of.This piece can carry out the read or write of logic on flash memory.For example, a piece can be a sector.
Therefore, for access is stored in data in the flash memory, a kind of flash file system of virtual mapping method that uses is suggested.As United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 404, No. 485 (on April 4th, 1985) are described.Fig. 1 shows the structure of a virtual memory mapping, is used for illustrating the realization of above-mentioned virtual map method at existing flash file system.
With reference to figure 1, each byte of flash memory is given a physical address 10 and a virtual address 20.The conversion between physical address 10 and the virtual address 20 is responsible in the virtual memory mapping.That is, virtual memory mapping storage when carrying out an accessing operation, is used virtual address 20 corresponding to the physical address 10 of dummy block will separately, and it is physical address corresponding 10 that this virtual address is changed in this mapping.Therefore, even when the physical address 10 of dummy block will changes, same virtual address 20 can be used to access, because virtual memory is mapped with altered physical address.
When carrying out a read operation in the flash memory that is using based on the flash file system of virtual map method, by using dummy block will numbers 40, the user needs virtual address 20 to be converted into corresponding logical address 50, then, by using the logical unit number 30 of logical address 50, it is converted into physical address corresponding 10 again.Use this physical address, this read operation is performed.
And when carrying out a write operation in flash memory, as read operation, by using virtual memory mapping as shown in Figure 1, flash file system is converted to physical address 10 to virtual address 20.
Yet when data had write on the piece that data should write, because the characteristic of flash memory, an erase block in this write-in block must be wiped free of.Therefore, one unwritten is come out searched, and data are written on this unwritten, and the virtual address 20 of this piece can be changed, so that it can be converted into a new physical address 10.Therefore, when the piece in a unit number can not increase, after the piece of just using is moved to other unit, this unit will be wiped free of fully.By this process, this storer can be used effectively.This unit constitutes by a plurality of.The size of unit is equal to or greater than the size of erase block.
Above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) also provides a kind of method, after making logical number 50 be imparted into a unit, logical number 50 is converted into physical address, even so that the data of unit are moved, same unit number also can be used for access and writes on data in the flash memory.
Yet when using the virtual memory mapping in an independent memory device, above-mentioned flash file system is used, so that read and write data at flash memory.Simultaneously, owing to just carry out access data,, in actual applications, must use an independent flash drive for access is the data of unit with the file by block number.Yet, when the memory device except flash memory be not used or when all functions of a regular file system all when not required, operate an independent flash drive is not a kind of effective method just.
Simultaneously, because flash memory has the relatively long time of writing, the possibility that occurs at the write operation Time Duration Error is higher.When a write operation Time Duration Error occurred, this document system must restart, and by a suitable restorative procedure, repaired the incorrect data that write.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flash file system, this document system can access be the data of unit with the file in flash memory, and need not use an independent flash drive or memory device.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of flash file system, and when error occurring when from flash memory write data or read data, this document system can be used for repair data.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of flash file system, it has: a file information block, this file information block have a state, are used for the status information of display file message block; Leader record with identifying information, and one or more fileinfo item are used for writing the information relevant with the file that is written to data block; A free erase block when file information block is reproduced, is used for being stored in the detected effective fileinfo item of file information block, and is used for after the All Files information of file information block is wiped free of revised file message block; And at least one data block, be used to write the data that have continuation address.
Preferably, when new file generates and writes fashionable, flash file system is that file information block is distributed new fileinfo item, and the state that new fileinfo item is set is " generation carry out in ", the information of relevant new file is written to new fileinfo item, distributes one or more data blocks, be written in the address of the one or more data blocks of distributing in the fileinfo item to write new file, write new file in one or more data blocks, the state of updating file item of information is " effectively " then.
Preferably, when existing file is modified, the shutter file system is that file information block is distributed new fileinfo item, writing information in the revised file of the fileinfo item that is distributed, distribute one or more data blocks to write revised file, be written in the address of one or more data blocks of being distributed in the fileinfo item, write revised file in one or more data blocks, the state of wiping new fileinfo item and fileinfo item simultaneously is set to " wiping ".
Preferably, when file content is retrieved, flash file system is in one or more fileinfo items, detection is corresponding to any fileinfo item of the content of respective file, retrieval writes on the address of the one or more data blocks in the fileinfo item, reads the data on the data block that writes on this address then.
Preferably, when file is wiped free of, flash file system detects will wipe file corresponding file item of information, the state that the fileinfo item is set is " wipe carry out in ", retrieve the address of the one or more data blocks relevant with the file that will wipe and write the fileinfo item, wipe the data of the data block that writes on this address, the state that the fileinfo item is set then is " wiping ".
Preferably, during the content modification of flash file system, when operation is interrupted, restart the operation of flash file system, search for one or more fileinfo items, detected state is the fileinfo item of " wiping in carrying out " and " generation carry out in " in one or more fileinfo items, upgrades all detected fileinfo item states then and is " wiping ".
Description of drawings
Describe a most preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail by the reference accompanying drawing, it is more obvious that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and advantage will become, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the structure of virtual memory mapping, is used for explaining the virtual map method of carrying out at existing flash file system;
Fig. 2 shows the calcspar according to flash file system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the detailed block diagram of a file information block and a free erase block, and both as shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 shows the detailed structure of fileinfo item as shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 is according to flash file system of the present invention, generates and write the operational flowchart of a file;
Fig. 6 is according to flash file system of the present invention, revises the process flow diagram of the operation of a file;
Fig. 7 is according to flash file system of the present invention, reads the process flow diagram of the operation of a file;
Fig. 8 is according to flash file system of the present invention, wipes the process flow diagram of the operation of a file; And
Fig. 9 is according to flash file system of the present invention, repairs the process flow diagram of the operation of a file.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail.The present invention is not subjected to the following example restriction, and may have many variations in the scope that the present invention relates to.Embodiments of the invention are to explain for the present invention is provided more completely to those skilled in the art.
At first, on the problem of using reference symbol, same symbol is used for same element as far as possible, even those elements are shown among the different figure.Simultaneously, relate to known function or structure and not in main points of the present invention the time, those explanations have been omitted when relevant explanation.
According to flash file system of the present invention, flash memory is the unit utilization with the erase block.Erase block is one group of continuous data can being wiped simultaneously at flash memory.The size of erase block can change according to the characteristic of flash memory and user's needs.
Fig. 2 shows the calcspar according to flash file system of the present invention.This flash file system is made of a file information block 101, free erase block 102 and a plurality of data block 103.Free erase block 102 is pieces that are used for revised file message block 101.File data writes on the data block 103.
Be written on the file information block 101 with reference to 3, one states of figure 104, a leader record 105 and a plurality of fileinfo item 106.The situation of the present stage of information table prescribed paper message block 101 is written on the state 104 of file information block 100.The information that shows present stage is comprising the information that shows whether file information block 101 can be wiped free of or be written into.The identifier of file system and other information are written on the leader record 105.Fileinfo on the file is written on a plurality of fileinfo items 106 separately.
With reference to figure 4, fileinfo comprises file status 107, fileinfo item size 108, filename 109, file generates or the attribute 112 of the length 111 of the last date and time of revising 110, file data, file and with the piece of the data block 103 of file data numbers 113.
The operation of flash file system is divided into such structure: generate, write, revise, access is wiped and is repaired from fault.
Fig. 5 is according to flash file system of the present invention, generates and write the process flow diagram of the operation of a file;
With reference to figure 5, detect in step S1 whether new fileinfo item 106 can be distributed to file information block 101.If in step S2, judge to have the space that to distribute to new fileinfo item 106, just distribute a space to give new fileinfo item 106 at step S3.In step S4, file status 107 is set to " generation carry out in ".In step S5, the fileinfo of fileinfo item 106 is written into.Fileinfo item 106 comprises and comprises, for example, and state, title, date, size, attribute or the like.
Next, in step S6 to S8, untapped data block 103 is assigned with.In step S9, the address of distribute data piece 103 is written in the fileinfo item 106.In step S10, file data writes on the corresponding data block 103.At this moment, for even owing to the system failure causes that system is undesired also can repair data, the piece numbers 113 of data block 103 that has the file data of fileinfo item 106 is at first write, just the corresponding file data are written in the data block 103 then.
After the file data of the address of all data blocks 103 and relevant document was written into, in step S11, the residue fileinfo just was written into.The residue fileinfo comprises title, file size or the like, and at this moment, if desired or file size can know in advance the time, the size of fileinfo item 106 can at first write.After all write work and finish, in step S12, file status 107 was changed into effectively.
Simultaneously, a piece mapping is used so that can find untapped data block 103 easily.Usually, bit map (bit map) form is adopted in piece mapping (block-use map).Whether the piece of the bright correspondence of bit table of piece mapping is used.Therefore, file system can be by the position of piece mapping, and whether the corresponding piece of check is used simply.
In step S2, when judging that the space that can distribute to new fileinfo item 106 does not exist, in step S13, file information block 101 is reproduced.The reproduction process is as follows.The file status 107 of each the fileinfo item 106 in the file information block 101 is verified.All Files state 107 is that the fileinfo item of " effectively " is moved to free erase block 102.Correspondingly, free erase block 102 is changed into file information block, and corresponding file message block 101 is changed into free erase block.
After the reproduction of file information block 101 was finished, as step S1, in step S14, file information block 101 was detected.If in step S15, the result of check shows the space that can distribute to new fileinfo item 106 of existence, and above-described step S3 is performed.Yet if in step S15, the result of check shows and do not have the space that can distribute to new fileinfo item 106, and in step S16, file generates and write work by as a fault processing.
Fig. 6 is according to flash file system of the present invention, revises the process flow diagram of the operation of a file; With reference to figure 6, at step S17 to S19, as step S1 to S3, a space that is used for new fileinfo item 106 is assigned with.Then, in step S20 to S24, as at step S4 to S8, untapped data block 103 is assigned with.In step S25 to S27, as in step S9 to S11, information and the data relevant with the data block 103 of nearest distribution are written into, and then, in step S28, the file status 107 of the fileinfo item 106 of new fileinfo item 106 and front is changed.That is, the fileinfo item 106 of front is changed and is " wiping ", and new fileinfo item 106 is changed and is " effectively ".
The step S13 to S16 of step S29 to the S32 image pattern 5 of Fig. 6 is the same.
Fig. 7 be diagram according to flash file system of the present invention, read a process flow diagram of the operation of file.With reference to figure 7, in step S33, each fileinfo item 106 of file information block 101 is detected.If judge and in step S34, have the fileinfo item 106 that needs carry out read operation, in step S35, the data block number 113 of corresponding file item of information 106 is detected, and the data of corresponding data block 103 are read out in the flash memory (not shown).Do not have required fileinfo item 106 if check the result of each fileinfo item 106 to show, in step S36, the file read operation is regarded a fault processing and is finished.
Fig. 8 be diagram according to flash file system of the present invention, wipe the process flow diagram of the operation of a file.With reference to figure 8, in step S37, the file status 107 of fileinfo item 106 is set to " wipe carry out in ".In step S38, all data blocks 103 that belong to file are wiped free of.At step S39, the mapping of the piece of corresponding data piece 103 is updated.Then, in step S40, file status 107 is set to " wiping " and wipes to show corresponding file.
Fig. 9 be diagram according to flash file system of the present invention, repair the process flow diagram of the operation of a file.With reference to figure 9, in step S41, by the file status 107 of checking file item of information 106, whether check exists the file status 107 fileinfo item for " generation carry out in " or " wiping in carrying out ".If when the content of this document system is changed, system is not normal or break down, and the structure of file system is in damaged condition after system restart.Therefore, use for the first time or restart whenever file system, the structure of file system must at first be checked.
If the examination table prescribed paper state 107 at step S42 is " generations carry out in ", then mean during the generation of file fault to have occurred.Therefore, in step S44, the file status 107 of fileinfo item 106 is changed to " wiping in carrying out " if at the examination table prescribed paper state 107 of step S43 be " wipe carry out in ", then means between the erasing period of file fault to have occurred.Under the situation of " generation carry out in " and " wiping in carrying out ", all respective file become useless file.Therefore, in step S45, the data block 103 of all respective file items of information 106 is wiped free of.Wipe finish after, in step S46, corresponding file state 107 is changed and is " wiping ".Whether in step S47, checking, the All Files item of information 106 of file information block 101 all is verified.If the result shows All Files item of information 106 and has been verified that this process finishes.Yet, be verified execution in step S41 if the result shows not every fileinfo item 106.
Simultaneously, when many items of file information block 101 were wiped free of, the service efficiency of flash memory reduced.Therefore, use a free erase block 102 so that fileinfo item 106 can be reallocated.That is, after the file status 107 of each fileinfo item 106 of check, fileinfo item that to have only those file statuss 107 are " effectively " 106 is searched and move on in the free erase block 102.Then, each the fileinfo item 106 in the file information block 101 is wiped free of.Free erase block 102 is changed and is file information block 101.This process is called as reproduction.When many items of the file information block that changes are wiped free of, these are changed file information block carry out the reproduction process.When the number of wiping fileinfo item 106 was very big, file information block 101 was reproduced, and has only when file is wiped free of or revises, and data block 103 is just reproduced.
Simultaneously, in order to change the state of file information block 101, can set up a process of revising state value, so that data block does not need all to be wiped free of at every turn.For example, the state 104 of file information block 101 can change in a process: do not judge (FF)->wipe (8F)->repair (4F)->wipe carry out in (2F)->can write (OF)->all (08).
Similarly, for the file status 107 that changes fileinfo item 106, can set up a process of revising state value, so that new fileinfo item 106 does not need all to generate at every turn, or all files message block 101 does not need to be wiped free of.For example, the file status 107 of fileinfo item 106 can change in a process: use (FF)->generate carry out in (8F)->effectively (4F)->wipe carry out in (2F)->wipe (OF).
As mentioned above, flash file system of the present invention can be unit access data on flash memory with the file easily, even also be like this when being difficult to use an independent memory device or flash drive.
Simultaneously, even when breaking down during read data on flash memory or the write data, also can use the status information of this document system to recover the file system of destroying easily.
Claims (8)
1. flash file system comprises:
A file information block comprises a state, is used to show the status information of file information block, and a leader record that has identifying information, and one or more fileinfo item are used for writing the information relevant with the file that is written to data block;
A free erase block when file information block is reproduced, is used for being stored in the detected effective fileinfo item of file information block, and is used for after the All Files information of file information block is wiped free of revised file message block; With
At least one data block is used to write the data that have continuation address.
2. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, when a new file is generated and writes fashionable, flash file system is that file information block is distributed a new fileinfo item, and the state that new fileinfo item is set is " generation carry out in ", the information of relevant new file is written to new fileinfo item, distribute one or more data blocks to write new file, write the address of the one or more data blocks that the fileinfo item distributed, write new file in one or more data blocks, the state of updating file item of information is " effectively " then.
3. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, when an existing file is modified, flash file system distributes a new fileinfo item to give this document message block, writing information on the revised file of the fileinfo item that distributes, distribute one or more data blocks to write the file of modification, be written in the address of the one or more data blocks of being distributed in the fileinfo item, write the file of modification in one or more data blocks, the state of wiping new fileinfo item and fileinfo item simultaneously is set to " wiping ".
4. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, when file content is retrieved, flash file system is in one or more fileinfo items, detection is corresponding to any fileinfo item of the content of respective file, retrieval writes on the address of the one or more data blocks in the fileinfo item, reads the data on the data block that writes on this address then.
5. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, when file is wiped free of, flash file system detects will wipe file corresponding file item of information, the state that the fileinfo item is set is " wipe carry out in ", retrieve the address of the one or more data blocks relevant with the file that will wipe and write the fileinfo item, wipe the data of the data block that writes on this address, the state that the fileinfo item is set then is " wiping ".
6. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, during the content modification of flash file system, when operation is interrupted, restart the operation of flash file system, search for one or more fileinfo items, detected state is the fileinfo item of " wiping in carrying out " and " generation carry out in " in one or more fileinfo items, upgrades all detected fileinfo item states then and is " wiping ".
7. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, the fileinfo item comprises:
A state is used to show the situation of the present stage of respective file;
The title of this document; And
Be written into the address of the one or more data blocks of file.
8. flash file system according to claim 1, wherein, whether data block comprises the piece mapping of a bit map form, be used for the video data piece and used.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019990044504A KR100703680B1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 1999-10-14 | Flash file system |
KR44504/1999 | 1999-10-14 |
Publications (2)
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CN1293404A CN1293404A (en) | 2001-05-02 |
CN1180349C true CN1180349C (en) | 2004-12-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB001284304A Expired - Fee Related CN1180349C (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2000-10-14 | Quick flashing decument system |
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KR (1) | KR100703680B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1180349C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101256536B (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2010-05-26 | 创惟科技股份有限公司 | Flash memory address translation layer system |
Families Citing this family (16)
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KR100389867B1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-07-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Flash memory management method |
JP4238514B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2009-03-18 | ソニー株式会社 | Data storage device |
KR100453053B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2004-10-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Flash memory file system |
JP3928724B2 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2007-06-13 | ソニー株式会社 | Recording medium recording control method and recording medium recording control apparatus |
US7386700B2 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2008-06-10 | Sandisk Il Ltd | Virtual-to-physical address translation in a flash file system |
KR100703727B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2007-04-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Non-volatile memory, Mappping controlling apparatus and method for the same |
KR101102754B1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2012-01-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Nand flash memory file system and method for accessing file thereof |
US7512864B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-03-31 | Josef Zeevi | System and method of accessing non-volatile computer memory |
KR100726513B1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-06-11 | 주식회사 팬택앤큐리텔 | Method for wireless update of terminal software by server |
CN100481025C (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2009-04-22 | 深圳万利达电子工业有限公司 | Method for implementing nandflsh file system |
TW200919448A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-05-01 | Silicon Motion Inc | Storage device and method of accessing a status thereof |
US8117377B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2012-02-14 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Flash memory device having secure file deletion function and method for securely deleting flash file |
KR100941368B1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2010-02-11 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Flash memory device having secure file deletion function and method for securely deleting flash file |
US10209904B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 | 2019-02-19 | EMC IP Holding Company LLC | Multiprocessor system with independent direct access to bulk solid state memory resources |
WO2015134941A1 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-11 | Graphite Systems, Inc. | Multiprocessor system with independent direct access to bulk solid state memory resources |
CN111949212B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2024-03-08 | 深圳宏芯宇电子股份有限公司 | File system and file management method based on self-defined open channel SSD |
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TW261687B (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1995-11-01 | Hitachi Seisakusyo Kk | |
JPH0695955A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-04-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Flash file system |
US5404485A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1995-04-04 | M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Ltd. | Flash file system |
JPH06266587A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1994-09-22 | Nec Corp | File management system for flash memory |
US5832493A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-11-03 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Flash file management system |
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1999
- 1999-10-14 KR KR1019990044504A patent/KR100703680B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2000
- 2000-10-14 CN CNB001284304A patent/CN1180349C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101256536B (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2010-05-26 | 创惟科技股份有限公司 | Flash memory address translation layer system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100703680B1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
CN1293404A (en) | 2001-05-02 |
KR20010037155A (en) | 2001-05-07 |
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