CN118022088A - Automatic pre-charging system of dialysis machine - Google Patents
Automatic pre-charging system of dialysis machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN118022088A CN118022088A CN202410164805.3A CN202410164805A CN118022088A CN 118022088 A CN118022088 A CN 118022088A CN 202410164805 A CN202410164805 A CN 202410164805A CN 118022088 A CN118022088 A CN 118022088A
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- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 278
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000002073 venous valve Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 18
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000009304 Acute Kidney Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010001526 Air embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031104 Arterial Occlusive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033626 Renal failure acute Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058990 Venous occlusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011040 acute kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012998 acute renal failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021328 arterial occlusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/15—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit
- A61M1/156—Constructional details of the cassette, e.g. specific details on material or shape
- A61M1/1565—Details of valves
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic priming system of a dialysis machine, which comprises a dialyzer, an extracorporeal circulation loop and a dialysate loop, wherein the extracorporeal circulation loop is arranged in a penetrating manner in the dialyzer and comprises an arterial pipeline and a venous pipeline; the arterial line is equipped with the arterial kettle, and the arterial kettle is equipped with arterial pressure interface and liquid level detection device, and arterial pressure interface connects the air inlet of exhaust line, and exhaust line is equipped with arterial valve, negative pressure air pump and gas vent in proper order to/or the venous line is equipped with the venous kettle, and the venous kettle is equipped with venous pressure interface and liquid level detection device, and venous pressure interface connects the air inlet of exhaust line, and exhaust line is equipped with venous valve, negative pressure air pump and gas vent in proper order. The invention uses priming liquid to automatically prime and exhaust gas to fully moisten the dialysis membrane, thereby being convenient and quick, saving operation time and ensuring dialysis effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to an automatic pre-filling system of a dialysis machine.
Background
Hemodialysis is a common method of treating acute or chronic renal failure, and accumulation of drugs or other poisons in the body. The principle of hemodialysis is: the solution on two sides of the semi-permeable membrane flows from the side with high concentration to the side with low concentration through dispersion, permeation and ultrafiltration, and the water molecules flow from the side with low permeation to the side with high permeation pressure, so that the dynamic balance is finally achieved. Hemodialysis achieves therapeutic purposes by solution dispersion and ultrafiltration between the blood and the dialysate. In hemodialysis, blood is removed from the body and is forced into a dialyzer (artificial kidney) by an extracorporeal machine. The dialyzer filters metabolic waste products in the blood, and returns the purified blood to the body, so that the total amount of returned liquid can be adjusted, and particularly, excessive liquid accumulated in the renal failure process can be removed.
In hemodialysis, priming of the dialyzer tubing is one of the necessary operations that the healthcare worker needs to perform. The functions of priming include: the dialyser and the gas in the pipeline are exhausted completely, so that gas embolism is avoided; the dialysis membrane is infiltrated, so that the blood is fully contacted with the dialysate during dialysis, the biocompatibility of the blood membrane is improved, a better clearing effect is achieved, and the occurrence of blood membrane reaction is reduced; can remove the particle pollution in the dialysis pipeline, and avoid the particle carried by the extracorporeal circulation pipeline entering the human body along with the blood circulation as much as possible, thereby causing the inflammation state of the patient and endangering the health of the human body.
Before dialysis, medical staff connects the dialyzer and the blood pipeline, installs on the dialysis machine, accesses priming liquid from the arterial end of the pipeline, connects the venous end to the liquid outlet of the dialysis machine, introduces the priming liquid into the dialyzer through rotation of the blood pump, and discharges gas in the dialyzer to the liquid outlet through the venous end, thereby completing priming. The priming solution may be physiological saline or a prepared dialysate. In the traditional pre-filling method, medical staff is required to repeatedly insert and pull out a vascular access, more physiological saline or dialyzate is required to be consumed, the pre-filling time is relatively long, and bubbles can still exist in a pipeline after pre-filling. Increasing the risk of dialysis treatment and increasing the workload of medical staff.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides an automatic pre-filling system of a dialysis machine, which is used for solving the problems of complex pre-filling operation and poor exhaust effect of the dialysis machine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the automatic priming system of the dialysis machine comprises a dialyzer, an extracorporeal circulation loop and a dialysate loop, wherein the extracorporeal circulation loop is arranged in a penetrating manner in the dialyzer and comprises an arterial pipeline and a venous pipeline, the extracorporeal circulation loop is provided with a first pumping device, and the first pumping device enables priming liquid to enter the extracorporeal circulation loop and flow out of the extracorporeal circulation loop after passing through the arterial pipeline, the dialyzer and the venous pipeline; the dialysate circuit comprises a liquid supply pipeline and a liquid return pipeline, the dialysate circuit is provided with a second pumping device, and the second pumping device enables priming liquid to enter the dialysate circuit and flow out of the dialysate circuit after passing through the liquid supply pipeline, the dialyzer and the liquid return pipeline;
The arterial line is equipped with the arterial kettle, the arterial kettle is equipped with arterial pressure interface and liquid level detection device, arterial pressure interface connection exhaust line's air inlet, exhaust line is equipped with arterial valve, negative pressure air pump and gas vent in proper order, and/or, the venous line is equipped with the venous kettle, the venous kettle is equipped with venous pressure interface and liquid level detection device, the air inlet of exhaust line is connected to the venous pressure interface, exhaust line is equipped with venous valve, negative pressure air pump and gas vent in proper order.
During dialysis treatment, the arterial pipeline is connected with an artery of a patient, the venous pipeline is connected with a vein of the patient, and the first pumping device enables blood to enter the extracorporeal circulation loop and flow out of the extracorporeal circulation loop after passing through the arterial pipeline, the dialyzer and the venous pipeline; the dialysate circuit comprises a liquid supply pipeline and a liquid return pipeline, the dialysate circuit is provided with a second pumping device, and the second pumping device enables the dialysate to enter the dialysate circuit and flow out of the dialysate circuit after passing through the liquid supply pipeline, the dialyzer and the liquid return pipeline; the blood and the dialysate exchange solutes in the dialyzer to achieve the therapeutic effect.
The liquid level detection device can detect whether gas exists, if the gas is detected, the negative pressure air pump forms negative pressure to enable the gas to be discharged from the arterial pressure interface (venous pressure joint) to the exhaust port, so that sufficient exhaust is realized and a liquid path is not influenced. The arterial valve (venous valve) controls the connection of the arterial pressure port (venous pressure port) and the venting line, also enabling the arterial pressure port (venous pressure port) to be isolated from the outside.
According to the technical scheme, the first pumping device and the second pumping device which are originally used for dialysis treatment are reasonably utilized, a complex structure is not needed, the pre-charging of an external circulation loop, a dialysate loop and a dialyzer is rapidly, conveniently and simply realized, and the gas is discharged, so that the fibers in a dialysis membrane are fully wetted, the attachment of bubbles on the inner wall of the dialysis membrane or a pipeline is avoided, and the dialysis treatment effect is ensured; the structure for exhausting is simple, convenient and safe, the exhausting speed is improved, and a better exhausting effect is achieved; meanwhile, the time required by pre-charging is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
Further, the arterial line comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is connected with the priming liquid end, and the second port is connected with the dialyzer; the venous line comprises a third port and a fourth port, the third port is connected with the dialyzer, and the fourth port is connected with the waste liquid end.
The priming solution sequentially passes through the first port, the second port, the dialyzer, the third port and the fourth port to complete the priming of the extracorporeal circulation loop, thereby achieving the aim of exhausting air.
Further, the priming solution end is a replacement solution interface, the replacement solution interface is connected with a replacement pipeline, the first pumping device is a replacement pump arranged in the replacement pipeline, and the replacement pipeline is provided with a first interface for connecting with a second port and a second interface for connecting with an arterial kettle and/or a venous kettle.
During dialysis treatment, the substitution line is connected to an arterial (venous) vessel via a second connection for supplying substitution fluid and diluting blood. The technical scheme utilizes the replacement liquid interface, the replacement pipeline and the replacement pump which are originally used for dialysis treatment to provide priming liquid, simplifies the priming operation and is convenient for medical staff to use.
Further, one end of the liquid supply pipeline is a liquid supply end, and the other end of the liquid supply pipeline is connected with a liquid supply port of the dialyzer; one end of the liquid return pipeline is a liquid discharge end, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline is connected with a liquid return port of the dialyzer; the dialysate circuit further comprises a balance cavity, wherein the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline both penetrate through the balance cavity, and the balance cavity balances the flow rates of the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline; the liquid return pipeline further comprises an ultrafiltration branch, the second pumping device is an ultrafiltration pump arranged in the ultrafiltration branch, and the ultrafiltration branch is connected with the liquid return pipelines at two sides of the balance cavity in a bridging way; the liquid return pipeline is also provided with a back-through pump, and the back-through pump is arranged in the liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the liquid return port of the dialyzer.
The balance cavity has the function of keeping the liquid inlet and outlet amount equal and is used for balancing the flow of the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline. The ultrafiltration pump is used for filtering out redundant liquid, so that the redundant liquid is discharged from a liquid discharge end through the ultrafiltration branch without passing through the balance cavity. The balance cavity and the ultrafiltration pump together form an ultrafiltration system, and the total liquid amount returned to the patient can be adjusted. And the ultrafiltration pump enables the extracorporeal circulation loop and the dialysate loop to form pressure difference, and under the action of the pressure difference, the priming solution in the extracorporeal circulation loop flows from the inside of the membrane to the outside of the membrane in the dialyzer and returns to the liquid return pipeline. The post-permeate pump provides power to the priming solution, pumping the priming solution into the balancing cavity.
Further, the automatic priming system of the dialysis machine further comprises a dialysate filter, wherein the dialysate filter is arranged in a liquid supply pipeline between the balance cavity and the liquid supply port of the dialyzer, the dialysate filter is connected with the replacement liquid port and supplies priming liquid to the replacement liquid port, and the waste liquid end is connected to a liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the liquid return port of the dialyzer through a waste liquid pipeline.
The priming solution is the liquid formed after passing through the dialysate filter, the required priming solution can be obtained by directly filtering the dialysate in the balance cavity, and the method is simple, convenient and easy to obtain.
Further, the liquid return pipeline further comprises an overflow branch, the overflow branch is provided with an overflow valve, and the overflow branch is arranged between the balance cavity and the liquid return port of the dialyzer and is bridged on the liquid return pipelines on two sides of the pump after penetration.
The overflow branch and the overflow valve are used for distributing and relaxing pressure. When the balance cavity is blocked due to faults, the local pressure of the liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the through pump is too high, the overflow valve of the overflow branch is automatically opened, and liquid flows back to the front of the pump from the back of the through pump through the overflow branch, so that the problem that the local pressure of the liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the through pump is too high is solved.
Further, the automatic pre-filling system of the dialysis machine further comprises a post-permeation degassing cavity, wherein the post-permeation degassing cavity is arranged in a liquid return pipeline between the post-permeation pump and a liquid return port of the dialyzer and used for exhausting gas of the liquid return pipeline, the post-permeation degassing cavity is provided with a degassing branch circuit with a electromagnetic valve, and the degassing branch circuit is connected to a liquid discharge end; the dialysate filter is provided with an air guide branch which is connected to a liquid return pipeline between the degassing cavity after permeation and a liquid return port of the dialyzer.
The balance cavity has gas which can cause unbalance of liquid inlet and outlet amount of the balance cavity and affect the dialysis treatment of the next step, the degassing cavity after penetration can carry out degassing before priming liquid in the liquid return pipeline enters the balance cavity, and the gas is discharged from the liquid discharge end along the degassing branch.
Further, the degassing branch is connected to a liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the liquid discharge end, the liquid return pipeline is provided with a liquid blocking valve, and the liquid blocking valve is arranged between the balance cavity and the connection part of the degassing branch and the liquid return pipeline; the liquid return pipeline is also provided with a liquid supplementing branch, one end of the liquid supplementing branch is connected to the liquid return pipeline between the liquid blocking valve and the balance cavity, the other end of the liquid supplementing branch is connected to the liquid return pipeline of the degassing cavity after the liquid supplementing branch is connected to the liquid blocking valve, and the liquid supplementing valve is arranged on the liquid supplementing branch.
The liquid blocking valve prevents the priming liquid flowing out of the balance cavity from continuing to flow to the liquid discharge end along the liquid return pipeline, so that the priming liquid enters the liquid supplementing branch to flow back to the ventilation rear degassing cavity, and the gas in the degassing branch is smoothly discharged from the liquid discharge end along the liquid return pipeline. The liquid supplementing branch is used for supplementing the priming liquid, compensating the flow of the liquid returning pipeline, balancing the back pressure, avoiding the over low back pressure, preventing the liquid returning pipeline from being shrunken, and simultaneously keeping the flow of the priming liquid to ensure that the priming liquid is stable.
The liquid blocking valve and the liquid supplementing valve are kept on and off, namely: when the floater of the ventilation cavity does not detect gas, the liquid return pipeline normally discharges the priming liquid, the liquid blocking valve is opened, the liquid supplementing valve is closed, and the priming liquid flowing out of the balancing cavity flows to the liquid discharge end along the liquid return pipeline; when the floater of the degassing cavity detects gas after penetration, the liquid return pipeline is exhausted, the liquid blocking valve is closed, the liquid supplementing valve is opened, and the priming liquid flowing out of the balancing cavity enters the liquid supplementing branch and flows back to the degassing cavity after penetration.
Further, the dialysate circuit further comprises a bypass, the bypass is connected across the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline at two sides of the dialyzer, and the bypass is provided with a bypass valve; the liquid supply valve is arranged between the connection part of the liquid supply pipeline and the bypass and the liquid supply port of the dialyzer; the liquid return pipeline is provided with a liquid return valve, and the liquid return valve is arranged between the liquid return pipeline and the liquid return port of the dialyser at the joint of the liquid return pipeline and the bypass.
In the case of dialysis treatment, when dialysis is suspended or the dialyzer fails, the dialysate is bypassed from the supply line to the return line without passing through the dialyzer, specifically, the supply valve and the return valve are closed, and the bypass valve is opened so that the dialysate circuit is not in communication with the dialyzer, thereby suspending dialysis. After the problem affecting dialysis is eliminated, the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve are opened, the bypass valve is closed, so that the dialysis treatment can be quickly and conveniently recovered, emergency situations in the dialysis treatment can be flexibly dealt with, and the practicability is high.
Further, an air valve is arranged between the negative pressure air pump and the air outlet, and the air outlet is provided with a hydrophobic filter.
The air valve is matched with the negative pressure air pump to control the exhaust state of the exhaust pipeline, so that the safety is improved, and the hydrophobic filter can discharge air and reduce liquid discharge as much as possible.
Further, the automatic priming system of the dialysis machine further comprises a controller and an operation panel, wherein the controller is provided with an automatic priming mode and used for controlling the inflow and outflow of priming liquid in a timing and quantitative mode, and the operation panel is used for inputting signals to the controller.
The healthcare worker can input signals to the controller via the operating panel to control the operation of the automatic priming system of the dialysis machine, including but not limited to the start, pause, and end of priming. The automatic control device has high degree of automation, so that medical staff saves operation time, is accurate in timing and quantitative control and not easy to make mistakes, reduces errors possibly caused by manual operation, and greatly improves convenience and safety.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention reasonably utilizes the first pumping device and the second pumping device which are originally used for dialysis treatment, does not need a complex structure, rapidly, conveniently and simply realizes the pre-charging of an external circulation loop, a dialysate loop and a dialyzer, discharges gas, fully wets fibers in a dialysis membrane, avoids bubbles from being attached to the inner wall of the dialysis membrane or a pipeline, and ensures the dialysis treatment effect; the dialysis liquid loop is also provided with a degassing cavity after permeation, so that the gas in the pipeline is further discharged, and the unbalance of the liquid inlet and outlet amount of the balancing cavity caused by the gas is avoided, and the next dialysis treatment is influenced; the structure for exhausting is simple, convenient and safe, the exhausting speed is improved, and a better exhausting effect is achieved; the automatic degree is high, so that medical staff saves operation time, provides operation efficiency, is accurate in timing and quantitative and control, is not easy to make mistakes, reduces errors possibly caused by manual operation, and greatly improves convenience and safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dialyzer and an extracorporeal circulation circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dialyzer and dialysate circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust pipeline according to the present invention.
The attached drawings are used for identifying and describing:
Dialyzer 1000, fluid supply port 1100, fluid return port 1200;
The extracorporeal circuit 2000, arterial line 2100, first port 2110, second port 2120, arterial pot 2130, arterial pressure port 2131, arterial pot liquid level detection device 2132, blood pump 2140, heparin pump 2150, venous line 2200, third port 2210, fourth port 2220, venous pot 2230, venous pressure port 2231, venous pot liquid level detection device 2232, venous choke clamp 2240, replacement line 2300, first port 2310, second port 2320, replacement pump 2330, replacement tube clamp 2340, exhaust line 2400, arterial valve 2410, venous valve 2420, negative pressure air pump 2430, air valve 2440, hydrophobic filter 2450, exhaust port 2460, replacement liquid port 2500, waste liquid end 2600, waste liquid line 2610;
Dialysate circuit 3000, supply line 3100, supply valve 3110, supply port 3120, dialysate filter 3130, air guide branch 3131, return line 3200, return valve 3210, drain port 3220, drain valve 3230, choke valve 3240, post-permeate pressure detection device 3250, post-permeate degassing chamber 3260, post-permeate pump 3270, degassing branch 3300, degassing valve 3310, overflow branch 3400, overflow valve 3410, ultrafiltration branch 3500, ultrafiltration pump 3510, make-up branch 3600, make-up valve 3610, bypass 3700, bypass valve 3710, and balancing chamber 3800.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For better illustration of the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment is an automatic priming system for a dialysis machine, comprising a dialyzer 1000, an extracorporeal circulation circuit 2000 penetrating the dialyzer 1000, and a dialysate circuit 3000, wherein the extracorporeal circulation circuit 2000 comprises an arterial line 2100 and a venous line 2200, the extracorporeal circulation circuit 2000 is provided with a first pumping device, and the first pumping device enables priming liquid to enter the extracorporeal circulation circuit, and flow out of the extracorporeal circulation circuit after passing through the arterial line 2100, the dialyzer 1000, and the venous line 2200; the dialysate circuit 3000 comprises a liquid supply pipeline 3100 and a liquid return pipeline 3200, the dialysate circuit 3000 is provided with a second pumping device, and the second pumping device enables priming liquid to enter the dialysate circuit 3000, and then flow out of the dialysate circuit 3000 after passing through the liquid supply pipeline 3100, the dialyzer 1000 and the liquid return pipeline 3200;
Arterial line 2100 is equipped with arterial kettle 2130, arterial kettle 2130 is equipped with arterial pressure interface 2131 and arterial kettle liquid level detection device 2132, arterial pressure interface 2131 connects the air inlet of vent line 2400, vent line 2400 is equipped with arterial valve 2410, negative pressure air pump 2430 and vent 2460 in proper order, and/or venous line 2200 is equipped with venous kettle 2230, venous kettle 2230 is equipped with venous pressure interface 2231 and venous kettle liquid level detection device 2232, venous pressure interface 2231 connects the air inlet of vent line 2400, vent line 2400 is equipped with venous valve 2420, negative pressure air pump 2430 and vent 2460 in proper order.
During dialysis treatment, the arterial line 2100 is connected to the patient's artery, the venous line 2200 is connected to the patient's vein, and the first pumping means causes blood to enter the extracorporeal circuit and to flow out of the extracorporeal circuit after passing through the arterial line 2100, the dialyzer 1000 and the venous line 2200; the dialysate circuit 3000 comprises a liquid supply pipeline 3100 and a liquid return pipeline 3200, the dialysate circuit 3000 is provided with a second pumping device, and the second pumping device enables the dialysate to enter the dialysate circuit 3000, and flow out of the dialysate circuit 3000 after passing through the liquid supply pipeline 3100, the dialyzer 1000 and the liquid return pipeline 3200; the blood exchanges solutes with the dialysate in the dialyzer 1000 to achieve a therapeutic effect.
The arterial kettle liquid level detection device 2132 and the venous kettle liquid level detection device 2232 can detect whether gas exists, and if the gas is detected, the negative pressure air pump 2430 forms negative pressure to enable the gas to be discharged from the arterial pressure interface 2131 and the venous pressure interface 2231 to the air outlet 2460, so that sufficient air discharge is realized and a liquid path is not influenced. The arterial valve 2410 (venous valve 2420) controls the connection of the arterial pressure port 2131 (venous pressure port 2231) and the vent line 2400, and also enables the arterial pressure port 2131 (venous pressure port 2231) to be isolated from the outside.
The automatic pre-filling system of the dialysis machine reasonably utilizes the first pumping device and the second pumping device which are originally used for dialysis treatment, does not need a complex structure, rapidly, conveniently and simply realizes pre-filling of the extracorporeal circulation loop 2000, the dialysate loop 3000 and the dialyzer 1000, discharges gas, fully wets fibers in a dialysis membrane, avoids bubbles from being attached to the inner wall of the dialysis membrane or a pipeline, and ensures the dialysis treatment effect; the structure for exhausting is simple, convenient and safe, the exhausting speed is improved, and a better exhausting effect is achieved; meanwhile, the time required by pre-charging is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the arterial line 2100 includes a first port 2110 and a second port 2120, the first port 2110 being connected to the priming fluid end and the second port 2120 being connected to the dialyzer 1000; the venous line 2200 includes a third port 2210 and a fourth port 2220, the third port 2210 being connected to the dialyzer 1000 and the fourth port 2220 being connected to the waste port 2600. Priming solution sequentially passes through the first port 2110, the second port 2120, the dialyzer 1000, the third port 2210 and the fourth port 2220, priming of the extracorporeal circulation circuit 2000 is completed, and the purpose of exhausting air is achieved.
The arterial line 2100 is provided with a blood pump 2140 for powering the liquid, the pumping direction of the blood pump 2140 being the same as the first pumping means; the arterial line 2100 is also provided with a heparin pump 2150 for adding heparin during dialysis treatment. Arterial line 2100 is provided with an arterial occlusion clip and venous line 2200 is provided with a venous occlusion clip 2240.
The priming fluid port is a substitution fluid port 2500, the substitution fluid port 2500 is connected with a substitution tube 2300, the first pumping device is a substitution pump 2330 arranged in the substitution tube 2300, the substitution tube 2300 is provided with a first port 2310 for connecting with a second port 2120 and a second port 2320 for connecting with an arterial kettle 2130 and/or a venous kettle 2230, and the connection is adjusted by a substitution tube clamp 2340 of the substitution tube 2300. During dialysis treatment, the substitution line 2300 connects the arterial kettle 2130 and the venous kettle 2230 via the second port 2320 for providing substitution fluid for diluting blood. The automatic priming system of the dialysis machine utilizes the replacement liquid interface 2500, the replacement pipeline 2300 and the replacement pump 2330 which are originally used for dialysis treatment to provide priming liquid, simplifies priming operation and is convenient for medical staff to use.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the liquid supply line 3100 is a liquid supply end 3120, and the other end is connected to the liquid supply port 1100 of the dialyzer 1000; one end of the liquid return pipeline 3200 is a liquid discharge end 3220, a liquid discharge valve 3230 is arranged in front of the liquid discharge end 3220, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline is connected with a liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000; the dialysate circuit 3000 further includes a balancing chamber 3800, the supply line 3100 and the return line 3200 each passing through the balancing chamber 3800, the balancing chamber 3800 balancing the flow rates of the supply line 3100 and the return line 3200; the liquid return pipeline 3200 further comprises an ultrafiltration branch 3500, the second pumping device is an ultrafiltration pump 3510 arranged in the ultrafiltration branch 3500, and the ultrafiltration branch 3500 is bridged on the liquid return pipeline 3200 at two sides of the balance cavity 3800; the liquid return pipeline 3200 is further provided with a rear permeation pump 3270, and the rear permeation pump 3270 is arranged in the liquid return pipeline 3200 between the balance cavity 3800 and the liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000; the liquid return pipeline 3200 is also provided with a rear pressure detection device 3250.
The balance chamber 3800 has a function of keeping the liquid inlet and outlet amounts equal, and is used for balancing the flow rates of the liquid supply line 3100 and the liquid return line 3200. Ultrafiltration pump 3510 is used to filter out excess liquid from balance chamber 3800 and eventually drain from drain 3220 through ultrafiltration branch 3500. The balance chamber 3800 and ultrafiltration pump 3510 together comprise an ultrafiltration system that allows for the adjustment of the total amount of fluid returned to the patient. And the ultrafiltration pump 3510 forms a pressure difference between the extracorporeal circuit 2000 and the dialysate circuit 3000, and the priming solution in the extracorporeal circuit 2000 flows from the inside of the membrane to the outside of the membrane in the dialyzer 1000 and returns to the return line 3200 by the pressure difference. Post-permeate pump 3270 provides power to the priming solution, pumping the priming solution into balance chamber 3800.
The automatic priming system of the dialysis machine further comprises a dialysate filter 3130, the dialysate filter 3130 is arranged in the fluid supply line 3100 between the balance chamber 3800 and the fluid supply port 1100 of the dialyzer 1000, the dialysate filter 3130 is connected to the substitution fluid port 2500 and provides priming fluid to the substitution fluid port 2500, and the waste fluid end 2600 is connected to the return line 3200 between the balance chamber 3800 and the return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000 through the waste fluid line 2610.
The priming solution is the solution formed after passing through the dialysate filter 3130, and the required priming solution can be obtained by directly filtering the dialysate in the balancing cavity 3800, which is simple, convenient and easy to obtain, and the waste liquid end 2600 is connected to the liquid return pipeline 3200 between the balancing cavity 3800 and the liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000 through the waste liquid pipeline 2610, so that the liquid supply and the liquid discharge of the priming solution both pass through the balancing cavity 3800, and the flow rate is convenient to control.
The liquid return pipeline 3200 further comprises an overflow branch 3400, wherein the overflow branch 3400 is provided with an overflow valve 3410, and the overflow branch 3400 is arranged between the balance cavity 3800 and the liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000 and is bridged on two sides of the rear pump 3270.
The relief branch 3400 and the relief valve 3410 serve to split the relief pressure. When the balance cavity 3800 is blocked due to failure, the local pressure of the liquid return pipeline 3200 between the balance cavity 3800 and the through pump 3270 is too high, so that the overflow valve 3410 of the overflow branch 3400 is automatically opened, and liquid flows back to the front of the pump from the back of the through pump 3270 through the overflow branch 3400, thereby relieving the problem of the local pressure of the liquid return pipeline 3200 between the balance cavity 3800 and the through pump 3270 being too high.
The dialysate circuit 3000 further comprises a post-permeation degassing cavity 3260, the post-permeation degassing cavity 3260 is arranged in a liquid return pipeline 3200 between the post-permeation pump 3270 and a liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000 and is used for exhausting gas in the liquid return pipeline 3200, the post-permeation degassing cavity 3260 is provided with a degassing branch 3300 with a degassing valve 3310, and the degassing branch 3300 is connected to a liquid discharge end 3220; the dialysate filter 3130 is provided with a gas-guide branch 3131, the gas-guide branch 3131 being connected to a return line 3200 between the post-permeate degassing chamber 3260 and the return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000. The presence of gas in the balance chamber 3800 may cause imbalance in the amount of fluid introduced into and discharged from the balance chamber 3800, which may affect the next dialysis treatment, and the post-infiltration degassing chamber 3260 may degas before priming fluid in the return fluid line 3200 enters the balance chamber 3800, and the gas may be discharged along the degassing branch 3300 to the drain end 3220.
The degassing branch 3300 is connected to a liquid return pipeline 3200 between the balance cavity 3800 and the liquid discharge end 3220, the liquid return pipeline 3200 is provided with a liquid blocking valve 3240, and the liquid blocking valve 3240 is arranged between the balance cavity 3800 and the connection part of the degassing branch 3300 and the liquid return pipeline 3200; the liquid return pipeline 3200 is further provided with a liquid supplementing branch 3600, one end of the liquid supplementing branch 3600 is connected to the liquid return pipeline 3200 between the liquid blocking valve 3240 and the balance cavity 3800, the other end of the liquid supplementing branch 3600 is connected to the liquid return pipeline 3200 connected to the degassing cavity 3260 after the liquid supplementing branch is connected to the degassing cavity, and the liquid supplementing valve 3610 is arranged on the liquid supplementing branch 3600.
The liquid blocking valve 3240 prevents the priming solution flowing out of the balancing cavity 3800 from continuing to flow along the liquid return line 3200 to the liquid discharge end 3220, so that the priming solution enters the liquid supplementing branch 3600 to flow back to the post-permeation degassing cavity 3260, and the gas in the degassing branch 3300 is smoothly discharged from the liquid discharge end 3220 along the liquid return line 3200. The fluid infusion branch 3600 is used for supplementing priming fluid, compensating the flow of the fluid return pipeline 3200, balancing the back pressure, avoiding the over low pressure after the fluid return pipeline 3200 from being shrunken, and keeping the flow of the priming fluid to be stable.
The choke valve 3240 and the make-up valve 3610 remain open and closed, i.e.: when the floater of the degassing cavity 3260 does not detect gas after permeation, the liquid return pipeline 3200 normally discharges the priming solution, the liquid blocking valve 3240 is opened, the liquid supplementing valve 3610 is closed, and the priming solution flowing out of the balancing cavity 3800 flows to the liquid discharge end 3220 along the liquid return pipeline 3200; when the float of the degassing cavity 3260 detects gas after permeation, the liquid return pipeline 3200 is exhausted, the liquid blocking valve 3240 is closed, the liquid supplementing valve 3610 is opened, and the priming liquid flowing out of the balancing cavity 3800 enters the liquid supplementing branch 3600 to flow back to the degassing cavity 3260 after permeation.
The dialysate circuit 3000 further comprises a bypass 3700, the bypass 3700 bridging the supply line 3100 and the return line 3200 on both sides of the dialyzer 1000, the bypass 3700 being provided with a bypass valve 3710; a supply valve 3110 is provided between the connection of the supply line 3100 and the bypass 3700 and the supply port 1100 of the dialyzer 1000; the liquid return line 3200 is provided with a liquid return valve 3210, and the liquid return valve 3210 is provided between the connection between the liquid return line 3200 and the bypass 3700 and the liquid return port 1200 of the dialyzer 1000.
At the time of dialysis treatment, when dialysis is suspended or the dialyzer 1000 malfunctions, the dialysate passes from the fluid supply line 3100 to the fluid return line 3200 through the bypass 3700 without passing through the dialyzer 1000, specifically, the fluid supply valve 3110 and the fluid return valve 3210 are closed, and the bypass valve 3710 is opened, so that the dialysate circuit 3000 is not in communication with the dialyzer 1000, thereby suspending dialysis. After the problem affecting the dialysis is eliminated, the liquid supply valve 3110 and the liquid return valve 3210 are opened, and the bypass valve 3710 is closed, so that the recovery can be quickly and conveniently performed, the emergency during the dialysis treatment can be flexibly dealt with, and the practicability is high.
As shown in fig. 3, an air valve 2440 is provided between the negative pressure air pump 2430 and the air outlet 2460, and the air outlet 2460 is provided with a hydrophobic filter 2450. The air valve 2440 cooperates with the negative pressure air pump 2430 to control the exhaust state of the exhaust pipeline 2400, so that the safety is improved, and the hydrophobic filter 2450 can exhaust air and reduce liquid exhaust as much as possible.
The automatic priming system of the dialysis machine further comprises a controller (not shown) and an operation panel (not shown), wherein the controller is provided with an automatic priming mode and is used for controlling the inflow and outflow of priming liquid in a timing and quantitative mode, and the operation panel is used for inputting signals to the controller. The healthcare worker can input signals to the controller via the operating panel to control the operation of the automatic priming system of the dialysis machine, including but not limited to the start, pause, and end of priming. The automatic control device has high degree of automation, so that medical staff saves operation time, is accurate in timing and quantitative control and not easy to make mistakes, reduces errors possibly caused by manual operation, and greatly improves convenience and safety.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic priming system of a dialysis machine comprises a dialyzer, an extracorporeal circulation loop and a dialysate loop, wherein the extracorporeal circulation loop is arranged in the dialyzer in a penetrating way, and is characterized by comprising an arterial pipeline and a venous pipeline; the dialysate circuit comprises a liquid supply pipeline and a liquid return pipeline, the dialysate circuit is provided with a second pumping device, and the second pumping device enables priming liquid to enter the dialysate circuit and flow out of the dialysate circuit after passing through the liquid supply pipeline, the dialyzer and the liquid return pipeline;
the arterial pipeline is provided with an arterial kettle, the arterial kettle is provided with an arterial pressure interface and a liquid level detection device, the arterial pressure interface is connected with an air inlet of an exhaust pipeline, the exhaust pipeline is sequentially provided with an arterial valve, a negative pressure air pump and an air outlet,
And/or the number of the groups of groups,
The venous line is equipped with the venous pot, the venous pot is equipped with venous pressure interface and liquid level detection device, venous pressure interface connection exhaust line's air inlet, exhaust line is equipped with venous valve, negative pressure air pump and gas vent in proper order.
2. The automatic priming system of claim 1, wherein said arterial line comprises a first port and a second port, said first port being connected to a priming fluid port, said second port being connected to a dialyzer; the venous line comprises a third port and a fourth port, the third port is connected with the dialyzer, and the fourth port is connected with the waste liquid end.
3. The automatic priming system of claim 2, wherein the priming fluid port is a substitution fluid port, the substitution fluid port is connected to a substitution tube, the first pumping device is a substitution pump disposed in the substitution tube, and the substitution tube is provided with a first port for connecting to a second port, and a second port for connecting to an arterial pitcher and/or a venous pitcher.
4. The automatic priming system of claim 3, wherein one end of the liquid supply pipeline is a liquid supply end, and the other end of the liquid supply pipeline is connected with a liquid supply port of the dialyzer; one end of the liquid return pipeline is a liquid discharge end, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline is connected with a liquid return port of the dialyzer; the dialysate circuit further comprises a balance cavity, wherein the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline both penetrate through the balance cavity, and the balance cavity balances the flow rates of the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid return pipeline; the liquid return pipeline further comprises an ultrafiltration branch, the second pumping device is an ultrafiltration pump arranged in the ultrafiltration branch, and the ultrafiltration branch is connected with the liquid return pipelines at two sides of the balance cavity in a bridging way; the liquid return pipeline is also provided with a back-through pump, and the back-through pump is arranged in the liquid return pipeline between the balance cavity and the liquid return port of the dialyzer.
5. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to claim 4, further comprising a dialysate filter disposed in the fluid supply line between the balancing chamber and the fluid supply port of the dialyzer, the dialysate filter being connected to the substitution fluid port and providing priming fluid to the substitution fluid port, the waste fluid end being connected to the return line between the balancing chamber and the return port of the dialyzer via a waste fluid line.
6. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to claim 4, wherein the return line further comprises an overflow branch, wherein the overflow branch is provided with an overflow valve, and wherein the overflow branch is arranged between the balancing chamber and the return port of the dialyzer and spans the return lines on both sides of the post-dialysis pump.
7. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to claim 5, further comprising a post-permeate degassing chamber disposed in the liquid return line between the post-permeate pump and the liquid return port of the dialyzer for removing gas from the liquid return line, the post-permeate degassing chamber being provided with a degassing branch having a solenoid valve, the degassing branch being connected to the drain; the dialysate filter is provided with an air guide branch which is connected to a liquid return pipeline between the degassing cavity after permeation and a liquid return port of the dialyzer.
8. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said dialysate circuit further comprises a bypass, said bypass bridging the supply line and the return line on both sides of the dialyzer, said bypass being provided with a bypass valve; the liquid supply valve is arranged between the connection part of the liquid supply pipeline and the bypass and the liquid supply port of the dialyzer; the liquid return pipeline is provided with a liquid return valve, and the liquid return valve is arranged between the liquid return pipeline and the liquid return port of the dialyser at the joint of the liquid return pipeline and the bypass.
9. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an air valve is provided between said negative pressure air pump and an air outlet, said air outlet being provided with a hydrophobic filter.
10. The automatic priming system for a dialysis machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a controller provided with an automatic priming mode for controlling the inflow and outflow of priming liquid at regular intervals, and an operation panel for inputting signals to the controller.
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| CN202410164805.3A CN118022088A (en) | 2024-02-05 | 2024-02-05 | Automatic pre-charging system of dialysis machine |
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