CN118017101A - Corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for magnesium air battery and application - Google Patents

Corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for magnesium air battery and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118017101A
CN118017101A CN202410302645.4A CN202410302645A CN118017101A CN 118017101 A CN118017101 A CN 118017101A CN 202410302645 A CN202410302645 A CN 202410302645A CN 118017101 A CN118017101 A CN 118017101A
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China
Prior art keywords
sucrose
air battery
magnesium
electrolyte
anode
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CN202410302645.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李淑波
李雪宁
赵晨辰
杜文博
刘轲
杜宪
王朝辉
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Publication of CN118017101A publication Critical patent/CN118017101A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

An electrolyte added with a corrosion inhibitor for a magnesium air battery and application thereof relate to the technical field of magnesium air batteries. The corrosion inhibitor consists of sodium chloride and sucrose, wherein the concentration of the sucrose in the corrosion inhibitor is 0.02-0.10 mol/L, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3.0-4.0 wt% and the balance is water. Aiming at the problems of serious hydrogen evolution corrosion, low anode utilization rate, low discharge voltage and the like of a magnesium alloy anode in the existing sodium chloride electrolyte system, the invention provides a method for improving the discharge voltage, the anode utilization rate and the discharge capacity of a magnesium air battery taking an AZ31 magnesium alloy as an anode under a certain current density by adding sucrose as a corrosion inhibitor into the electrolyte, and the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode is uniformly corroded in the discharge process. The sucrose and NaCl electrolytic liquid system for the magnesium air battery provided by the invention has the advantages of small pollution, no toxicity, environmental protection, capability of obviously improving the discharge performance of the magnesium air battery and good application prospect.

Description

Corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for magnesium air battery and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium air batteries, in particular to an electrolyte added with a corrosion inhibitor for a magnesium air battery and application thereof.
Background
With the increasing shortage of world energy resources and environmental protection, the search and development of environmentally friendly green energy has become the major choice in many countries today, and metal air battery technology has grown. The technology is a chemical battery which takes metal with negative electrode potential, such as magnesium, zinc, aluminum, lithium and the like as an anode and oxygen as a cathode, has the advantages of large capacity, high energy density, stable discharge, low cost and the like, and is of great interest to scientific researchers. As an anode material, magnesium has a negative standard electrode potential (-2.37V vs SHE) and a high capacity (3833 mah·cm -3), and besides, magnesium metal has the advantages of low cost and good chemical stability, and the magnesium air battery has been receiving much attention.
Although magnesium air batteries have high energy density, there are some drawbacks to their use due to the immaturity of the prior art, mainly three problems: (1) Corrosion and self-corrosion, the water reduction consumes electrons released by the magnesium anode in the open circuit and discharge process, so that the surface of the alloy rapidly releases hydrogen, and the hydrogen release rate is increased along with the positive movement of the potential; (2) The block effect, the anode is unevenly dissolved in the discharging process, undissolved anode blocks are separated from the magnesium matrix and fall off, and the anode utilization rate is lost; (3) The magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2), which is a discharge product generated during the discharge process, adheres to the surface of the anode, hinders the further progress of the reaction on the surface of the anode, and reduces the battery voltage due to the shielding effect of the discharge or corrosion product. The electrolyte is in direct contact with the magnesium anode, which can affect the structure and composition of the surface film, and further affect the dissolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction rate and discharge voltage.
In view of this, we have proposed the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art of the magnesium air battery, the primary purpose of the invention is to provide an electrolyte with corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery. The electrolyte system is used as the electrolyte of the magnesium air battery, so that the alloy is effectively promoted to be uniformly corroded, the discharge voltage of the battery is improved, the utilization efficiency and the discharge capacity of the anode are improved, and the magnesium air battery has good discharge performance.
The electrolyte with the corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery provided by the invention consists of sucrose, sodium chloride and water, wherein the concentration of the sucrose is 0.02-0.10 mol/L, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride is 3.0-4.0 wt%, and the balance is water.
Further, the concentration of sucrose is 0.10mol/L.
Further, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5wt%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for the magnesium air battery, which comprises the steps of preparing a sodium chloride aqueous solution, stirring until the sodium chloride aqueous solution is completely dissolved, weighing sucrose, adding the sucrose into the sodium chloride aqueous solution, and stirring until the sucrose is completely dissolved to obtain the corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for the magnesium air battery.
Further, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5wt%.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the electrolyte added with the corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery.
Further comprises anode material, air cathode and the electrolyte. The anode material is AZ31.
The invention is particularly useful for large current densities, such as 20mA cm -2-50mA cm-2.
The invention uses sucrose to reduce the hydrogen evolution self-corrosion rate of the anode material of the magnesium air battery and improve the anode activity of the magnesium alloy. Sucrose molecules have a large number of hydroxyl groups with lone pair electrons, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, and tie up the water molecules. Both the enhancement of the water molecule bond and the increase of the hydrogen bond number are beneficial to reducing the reactivity of water and inhibiting the occurrence of self-corrosion reaction.
The electrolyte added with the corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery has the advantages of simple composition, no toxicity, no pollution, low cost, safety and the like. Particularly, under the condition of large current density, the self-corrosion rate of hydrogen evolution of the magnesium alloy anode can be effectively inhibited, and the discharge voltage of the magnesium air battery can be improved. In the discharging process, the magnesium alloy anode has good discharging performance, meets the discharging requirement of a magnesium air battery, and has very good development prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the polarization curves of AZ31 magnesium alloy anodes in 3.5wt% sodium chloride solutions containing different concentrations of corrosion inhibitors.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the impedance of an AZ31 magnesium alloy anode in 3.5wt% sodium chloride solution containing different concentrations of corrosion inhibitor.
Fig. 3 is a constant current discharge plot of magnesium air batteries assembled with AZ31 anodes at different discharge current densities.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of an AZ31 anode assembled magnesium air cell after 2h discharge at different discharge current densities (1, 10, 20, 50mA cm -2) after removal of the discharge product. Wherein. a and b are SEM images of the AZ31 anode discharged for 2 hours at 1mA cm -2 in 3.5wt% NaCl and 3.5wt% NaCl solution containing 0.10mol/L sucrose, respectively; c and d are SEM images of the AZ31 anode discharged for 2 hours at 10mA cm -2 in 3.5wt% NaCl and 3.5wt% NaCl solution containing 0.10mol/L sucrose, respectively; e and f are SEM images of the AZ31 anode discharged for 2h in 20mA cm -2 of 3.5wt% NaCl and 3.5wt% NaCl solution containing 0.10mol/L sucrose, respectively; g and h are SEM images of the AZ31 anode discharged for 2h at 50mA cm -2 in 3.5wt% NaCl and 3.5wt% NaCl solution containing 0.10mol/L sucrose, respectively.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, which are given by way of illustration: the following examples are only illustrative of the practice of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to an evaluation test of an electrochemical workstation (PARSTAT, 2273) for evaluating the preparation method of an electrolyte added with a corrosion inhibitor for a magnesium air battery, which is used for carrying out theoretical research, and observing the surface morphology of a sample by a scanning electron microscope (GEMINISEM, 300)
Electrochemical analysis
The electrochemical experiment adopts a standard three-electrode system, the working electrode is the prepared AZ31 alloy, the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) is used as a reference electrode, and the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode. The preparation process of the magnesium alloy working electrode sample is as follows: firstly cutting a magnesium alloy to be measured into small blocks with the thickness of 10mm multiplied by 3mm, polishing one of the surfaces with the thickness of 10mm multiplied by 10mm on abrasive paper with the thickness of 240#, 1200#, 2000# respectively, cleaning the surface with alcohol, and air-drying; and sealing the treated alloy with acrylic powder, and keeping the polished working surface. Electrochemical testing was performed on an Autolab electrochemical workstation (PARSTAT, 2273). The scan rate of the polarization curve is 0.5mV s -1, the scan range is + -300 mV relative to the open circuit potential; the frequency of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test is 10 -1-105 Hz, and a sinusoidal excitation voltage of + -10 mV is added.
Example 1:
the electrolyte for the magnesium air battery added with the corrosion inhibitor in the embodiment is 3.5wt% NaCl solution, and the corrosion inhibitor adopts sucrose with the concentration of 0.02-0.10 mol/L. The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: a NaCl solution with a concentration of 3.5wt% was prepared, stirred until completely dissolved, sucrose was added, and stirred until completely dissolved.
The polarization curve and the alternating current impedance of the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode in the electrolyte are tested through electrochemical tests, the results are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and table 1, and the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃.
As can be seen from table 1, fig. 1 and fig. 2, the corrosion potential shifts negatively with the addition of sucrose at different concentrations, and the radius of the impedance circular arc increases as the concentration of sucrose increases. From this, it can be seen that: the AZ31 magnesium alloy in the electrolyte of the embodiment makes the corrosion potential become negative, and the corrosion rate is reduced.
Example 2:
The electrolyte for the magnesium air battery in the embodiment is added with a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the electrolyte is 3.5wt% NaCl solution, and the corrosion inhibitor adopts sucrose with the concentration of 0.10mol/L. The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: a NaCl solution with a concentration of 3.5wt% was prepared, stirred until completely dissolved, sucrose was added, and stirred until completely dissolved.
The discharge performance of a magnesium air battery using AZ31 as the anode was measured in the electrolyte prepared in this example using a LAND electrical performance monitoring apparatus (CT 2001A), the positive electrode catalyst used was a commercial MnO 2/C catalyst, and the test temperature was room temperature. Discharge was performed at different current densities (1 mA cm -2,10mA cm-2,20mA cm-2,50mA cm-2) for 2h, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. The average value of the measured voltages is taken as the discharge voltage.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the addition of sucrose increases the discharge voltage of the magnesium air battery at different discharge current densities, indicating that sucrose can increase the activity of the magnesium alloy anode during discharge.
After the cell discharge test, the reaction product on the anode surface was removed with 200g L -1 chromic acid solution. The anode utilization efficiency and the specific discharge capacity of the magnesium air battery were calculated by the formulas (1), (2) and (3):
Wherein I (a) and t (h) are the applied discharge current and discharge time, respectively. Where F is the Faraday constant (26.8 Ah mol -1).xi、ni and m i(g mol-1) and is the mass fraction, number of exchanged electrons, and atomic mass associated with each alloying element, respectively.
Table 2 gives the operating voltage, anode utilization and discharge capacity of magnesium air batteries assembled with AZ31 anodes at different current densities. As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of sucrose at different discharge currents (1, 10, 20, 50mA cm -2) all improved the discharge voltage of the magnesium air battery, but at 1cm -2, the addition of sucrose significantly reduced the utilization rate and discharge capacity of the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode, at 10cm -2, the addition of sucrose slightly reduced the utilization rate of the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode, at 20cm -2, the addition of sucrose improved the utilization rate of the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode, and at 50cm -2, the addition of sucrose significantly increased the utilization rate and discharge capacity of the AZ31 magnesium alloy anode.
Fig. 4 shows SEM images of magnesium air cells assembled with AZ31 anodes after discharge for 2h at different current densities (1, 10, 20, 50mA cm -2) in different electrolytes, after removal of the discharge products. It can be seen from fig. 4a that under the condition of low discharge current density (1 mAcm -2), the AZ31 magnesium alloy is unevenly corroded in 3.5wt% of nacl solution, corrosion pits with different sizes are distributed on the surface of the alloy, the corrosion pits are formed by fine corrosion pits, the surface of the alloy is also provided with a small amount of large and deep corrosion pits, and as can be seen from fig. 4b, the surface of the alloy is formed by fine corrosion pits with similar sizes after adding sucrose, which indicates that the uniform corrosion of the alloy is promoted during the discharging process by adding sucrose. As can be seen from fig. 4c and 4e, the AZ31 magnesium alloy is uniformly corroded in a 3.5wt% nacl solution at 10 and 20mAcm -2, a regular corrosion pit is formed on the surface after discharge, the inside of the corrosion pit is smooth, and in fig. 4d and 4f, sucrose is added, the alloy is uniformly corroded during discharge, but the corrosion pit on the surface of the alloy is different from that in the 3.5wt% nacl solution, and takes a long shape like a cave. As can be seen from FIGS. 4g and 4h, at 50mA cm -2, the surface of the alloy is changed from a smooth corrosion pit to a fine corrosion pit, and the alloy is uniformly corroded by adding sucrose.
Although embodiments have been depicted and described in detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various modifications, additions, substitutions and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are therefore considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Table 1 shows the data of polarization curve fitting of AZ31 magnesium alloy anodes in 3.5wt% NaCl and 3.5wt% NaCl solutions containing different concentrations of sucrose
Table 2 provides discharge performance references for example 2

Claims (8)

1. The electrolyte with the corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery is characterized by comprising sucrose, sodium chloride and water, wherein the concentration of the sucrose is 0.02-0.10 mol/L, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride is 3.0-4.0 wt%, and the balance is water.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the sucrose has a concentration of 0.10mol/L;
the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5wt%.
3. A method for preparing the electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that firstly, preparing sodium chloride aqueous solution, stirring until the sodium chloride aqueous solution is completely dissolved, then weighing sucrose, adding the sucrose into the sodium chloride aqueous solution, and stirring until the sucrose is completely dissolved to obtain the electrolyte of the corrosion inhibitor for the magnesium air battery.
4. Use of the electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2 in a magnesium air battery.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the high current density is 20mA cm -2-50mA cm-2.
6. A magnesium air battery comprising an anode material, an air cathode, and the electrolyte of claim 1 or 2.
7. The magnesium air battery according to claim 6, wherein the anode material is AZ31.
8. The magnesium air battery according to claim 6, wherein a large current density of 20mA cm -2-50mA cm-2 is used.
CN202410302645.4A 2024-03-15 2024-03-15 Corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for magnesium air battery and application Pending CN118017101A (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410302645.4A CN118017101A (en) 2024-03-15 2024-03-15 Corrosion inhibitor-added electrolyte for magnesium air battery and application

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