CN118007160A - Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow field - Google Patents
Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow field Download PDFInfo
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- CN118007160A CN118007160A CN202410131989.3A CN202410131989A CN118007160A CN 118007160 A CN118007160 A CN 118007160A CN 202410131989 A CN202410131989 A CN 202410131989A CN 118007160 A CN118007160 A CN 118007160A
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- AEJRTNBCFUOSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentanol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 AEJRTNBCFUOSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields, which comprises four parallel flow channels which are uniformly distributed on the surface of a square flow field plate body and are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, and four lattice flow fields which are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, wherein the parallel flow channels and the lattice flow fields are distributed at intervals, and the parallel flow channels are communicated with flow channels of the lattice flow fields; and the four sides of the flow field plate body are provided with reactant inlets or product outlets, and the reactant inlets and the product outlets are communicated with the parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field. The reactant, the temperature and the current density in the flow field are distributed more uniformly, so that the energy conversion efficiency and the service life of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and a lattice flow field.
Background
Hydrogen is a clean energy and renewable energy, has the advantages of high energy density of 140MJ/kg, no carbon emission and wide sources, plays an important role in the energy decarburization process of transition from traditional fossil fuel to renewable clean energy, can be produced by coal gasification, methanol reforming, electrolyzed water, photocatalytic water decomposition and other methods as secondary energy, and has the advantages of no carbon emission, high current density, low gas cross rate, high-pressure operation, compact structure, high production purity and easiness in operation and maintenance in the field of hydrogen production by electrolyzed water, and has great advantages in the aspect of hydrogen production by integration with intermittent renewable energy.
In PEMEC, the bipolar plate conducts electrons and provides mechanical support, the surface of the bipolar plate has a flow field structure, the flow field structure provides a transmission channel of reactants and products, and the structure and arrangement form of the flow field structure significantly influence the performance of the electrolytic cell, therefore, in the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, the flow field structure plays a crucial role, and once the flow field structure is unreasonable, the following problems occur: firstly, the distribution of reactants is uneven, so that the utilization of the active area of the catalyst is insufficient, and the generated gas can not be effectively removed; secondly, the temperature distribution is uneven, and thermal stress is generated, so that the degradation of the proton exchange membrane is accelerated; these are all related to the long-term, efficient and stable operation of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer and the service life of the electrolyzer, and it can be seen that a reasonable flow field structure is critical for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.
Conventional flow fields mainly include serpentine flow fields, interdigitated flow fields, and parallel flow fields, but they all suffer from some drawbacks, in which: for a parallel flow field, the flow velocity distribution of each channel is uneven, the pressure difference is small, the mobility of reactants is poor, and the concentration distribution is uneven; for an interdigital flow field, the problem of larger pressure drop loss exists; for the serpentine flow field, gas-liquid accumulation can be generated at the bent position in the flowing process of reactants, and the serpentine flow field has higher pressure drop. Therefore, the traditional flow field has certain limitations in terms of slowing down the negative influence caused by the gas-liquid two-phase flow, ensuring the concentration distribution uniformity of reactants and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields, which can lead the distribution of reactants, temperature and current density to be more uniform.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields comprises four parallel flow channels which are uniformly distributed on the surface of a square flow field plate body and are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, and four lattice flow fields which are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, wherein the parallel flow channels and the lattice flow fields are distributed at intervals, and the parallel flow channels are communicated with flow channels of the lattice flow fields;
And the four sides of the flow field plate body are provided with reactant inlets or product outlets, and the reactant inlets and the product outlets are communicated with the parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field.
Further, the parallel flow channels are isosceles right triangles and are formed by a plurality of mutually parallel straight flow channels.
Further, the width of the straight flow channel is 1mm, and the interval between two adjacent straight flow channels is 1mm.
Further, the lattice flow field is an isosceles right triangle, and is formed by a plurality of bumps with diamond, round, rectangular, square or triangle cross sections in array distribution.
Further, the projections in the lattice flow field are distributed in a cross mode or in a parallel mode.
Further, the reactant inlet and the product outlet are spaced apart.
Further, the reactant inlet or the product outlet is formed on the edge of the flow field plate body at a position close to the vertex.
Further, the flow field plate body is made of graphite, stainless steel or foam metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
The invention adopts the mode of combining parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields, and firstly, the lower pressure drop level of the parallel flow channels reduces the overall pressure drop of the flow fields, so that reactant liquid is promoted to enter the flow channels at a faster flow speed, electrochemical reaction is carried out at the electrodes, and the power pump loss of the electrolytic tank is reduced; secondly, the lattice flow field not only increases the liquid turbulence and mass transfer process, but also plays a role of dispersing bubbles, promotes the effective discharge of generated gas, prevents gas from being blocked, ensures that the temperature, the concentration of reaction liquid and the current density in the flow channel are more uniformly distributed, and improves the efficiency of the electrolytic cell; therefore, the flow field combining the parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field realizes effective balance of reducing the pressure drop level and improving the mass transfer level of reactants, so that the flow field is suitable for proton exchange membrane electrolytic cells, fuel cells, flow batteries and other electrochemical devices, and has wider applicability.
According to the invention, the reactant inlets and the product outlets are distributed at intervals and are arranged close to the top of the flow field body, so that any one reactant inlet is positioned between two product outlets, the flow path from the reactant inlet to the product outlet is shortened, the flow path of the reactant is shortened, the pressure difference between the reactant inlet and the product outlet is reduced, the reactant enters the flow channel from the reactant inlet with opposite positions, the product can flow out from the two product outlets with opposite positions at a higher speed, the uniformity of temperature, concentration of the reactant and current density distribution in the flow channel is further improved, and the energy conversion efficiency of the corresponding electrochemical device is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the flow field structure diagram combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields is provided;
fig. 2: the flow field plate with the flow field combining square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field has a structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 3: the flow field plate with the flow field combining the square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field is applied to an electrolytic tank;
In the figure: 1. a flow field plate body; 2. parallel flow channels; 3. lattice flow field; 4. a reactant inlet; 5. a product outlet; 6. an anode flow field plate; 7. an anode diffusion layer; 8. an anode catalytic layer; 9. a proton exchange membrane; 10. a cathode catalytic layer; 11. a cathode diffusion layer; 12. a cathode flow field plate.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in further detail.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields comprises four parallel flow channels 2 which are uniformly distributed on the surface of a square flow field plate body 1 and are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, and four lattice flow fields 3 which are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, wherein the parallel flow channels 2 and the lattice flow fields 3 are distributed at intervals, and the parallel flow channels 2 are communicated with flow channels of the lattice flow fields 3;
The four sides of the flow field plate body 1 are provided with reactant inlets 4 or product outlets 5 near the top, the reactant inlets 4 and the product outlets 4 are distributed at intervals, so that the positions of the two reactant inlets 4 are opposite, the positions of the two product outlets 4 are opposite, the reduction of flow field pressure drop is facilitated, the pumping work of an electrolytic cell is reduced, the reactant inlets 4 and the product outlets 5 are communicated with the parallel flow channels 2 and the lattice flow fields 3, and the reactant flows into the flow channels from the reactant inlets 4, flows through the parallel flow channels 2 and the lattice flow fields 3 and finally flows out through the product outlets 5;
The surface of the flow field plate body 1 is divided into four areas along the diagonal line of the flow field plate body, a parallel flow channel 2 and a lattice flow field 3 are arranged in each area, the parallel flow channel 2 and the lattice flow field 3 are isosceles right triangles, and the parallel flow channel 2 and the lattice flow field 3 which are positioned in the same area form a large isosceles right triangle; adjacent parallel flow channels 2 and lattice flow fields 3 positioned in adjacent areas form a square;
the parallel flow channels 2 are formed by ten mutually parallel linear flow channels, the linear flow channels are perpendicular to one side of the flow field plate body 1 in the same area, the width of each linear flow channel is 1mm, the distance between every two adjacent linear flow channels is 1mm, and the specification, the size and the number of the linear flow channels can be adjusted according to the requirement;
The lower pressure drop level of the parallel flow channels 2 is utilized, so that the overall pressure drop of the flow field can be reduced, reactant liquid is promoted to enter the flow channels at a faster flow speed and fully contacts with more active sites on the electrodes, the occurrence speed of electrochemical reaction is improved, the pumping loss of the electrolytic cell is reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved;
Preferably, the lattice flow field 3 is formed by a plurality of bumps with diamond-shaped, round, rectangular, square or triangular cross sections in array distribution, and the number and arrangement of the bumps can be designed according to the needs.
Preferably, the protrusions of the lattice flow field 3 are arranged in a cross arrangement or a parallel arrangement mode, which is beneficial to discharging reaction products and gas in the flow channel along the streamline.
The lattice flow field 3 is utilized, so that the growth of product bubbles in the water electrolysis process can be destroyed, the product gas is dispersed into small bubbles, the disturbance to the fluid can be increased, the rapid discharge of the product gas is promoted, and the current density and the overall performance of the electrolytic tank are further improved.
Preferably, the flow field plate body 1 is made of foam metal, highly conductive graphite or corrosion resistant stainless steel.
The flow field structure combining the square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field is not only suitable for proton exchange membrane electrolytic cells, but also suitable for various electrochemical energy conversion devices such as flow batteries, fuel batteries and the like, and takes the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cells as an example to explain the working principle of the flow field structure combining the square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field;
as shown in fig. 3, when the flow field plate having the flow field structure combining the square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field of the present embodiment is applied to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, the working process of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer includes the steps of:
Step 1, electrolyte is pumped into channels from two reactant inlets 4 of an anode flow field plate 6 and a cathode flow field plate 12, flows through a parallel flow channel 2 and a lattice flow field 3, passes through an anode diffusion layer 7 and a cathode diffusion layer 11, transfers mass and reaches an anode catalytic layer 8 and a cathode catalytic layer 10;
Step 2, separating out oxygen and hydrogen ions from the liquid water in the anode catalytic layer 8, releasing electrons, transferring the electrons to the cathode catalytic layer 10 through an external circuit, and diffusing the hydrogen ions to the cathode catalytic layer 10 through the proton exchange membrane 9 and combining the hydrogen ions with the electrons to generate hydrogen;
And 3, along with the progress of the electrochemical reaction process, the mixture of oxygen and liquid water generated by the anode reaction is discharged from two product outlets 5 of the anode flow field, and the mixture of hydrogen and liquid water generated by the cathode reaction is discharged from two product outlets 5 of the cathode flow field.
Claims (8)
1. The flow field structure combining the square parallel flow channels and the lattice flow field is characterized by comprising four parallel flow channels (2) which are uniformly distributed on the surface of a square flow field plate body (1) and are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, and four lattice flow fields (3) which are symmetrical about the geometric center of the square flow field plate body, wherein the parallel flow channels (2) and the lattice flow fields (3) are distributed at intervals, and the parallel flow channels (2) are communicated with the flow channels of the lattice flow fields (3);
the four sides of the flow field plate body (1) are provided with a reactant inlet (4) or a product outlet (5), and the reactant inlet (4) and the product outlet (5) are communicated with the parallel flow channel (2) and the lattice flow field (3).
2. The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields according to claim 1, wherein the parallel flow channels (2) are isosceles right triangles, which are composed of a plurality of straight flow channels parallel to each other.
3. The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields according to claim 2, wherein the width of the straight flow channels is 1mm, and the interval between two adjacent straight flow channels is 1mm.
4. The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lattice flow field (3) is isosceles right triangle formed by a plurality of bumps with diamond, round, rectangular, square or triangle cross section in array distribution.
5. The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and a lattice flow field according to claim 4, wherein the projections in the lattice flow field (3) are arranged in a cross-type or in a parallel-type.
6. Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and a lattice flow field according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reactant inlet (4) and the product outlet (5) are spaced apart.
7. The flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow fields according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reactant inlet (4) or the product outlet (5) is provided on the side of the flow field plate body (1) near the vertex.
8. Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and a lattice flow field according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow field plate body (1) is made of graphite, stainless steel or foamed metal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410131989.3A CN118007160A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410131989.3A CN118007160A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow field |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118007160A true CN118007160A (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410131989.3A Pending CN118007160A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Flow field structure combining square parallel flow channels and lattice flow field |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118007160A (en) |
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- 2024-01-30 CN CN202410131989.3A patent/CN118007160A/en active Pending
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