CN118005532A - Novel synthesis process of malononitrile - Google Patents
Novel synthesis process of malononitrile Download PDFInfo
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- CN118005532A CN118005532A CN202410154103.7A CN202410154103A CN118005532A CN 118005532 A CN118005532 A CN 118005532A CN 202410154103 A CN202410154103 A CN 202410154103A CN 118005532 A CN118005532 A CN 118005532A
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- malononitrile
- hydrocyanic acid
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- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- RENMDAKOXSCIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetonitrile Chemical compound ClCC#N RENMDAKOXSCIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 cyano carbon Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYXDQRRDNPRJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=NC=CC=C1C#N YYXDQRRDNPRJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005586 Nicosulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triamterene Chemical compound NC1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUHMZYWBSHTEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M bispyribac-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(OC)=NC(OC=2C(=C(OC=3N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N=3)C=CC=2)C([O-])=O)=N1 FUHMZYWBSHTEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRZNHPXWXCNNDU-RHBCBLIFSA-N cefotetan Chemical compound N([C@]1(OC)C(N2C(=C(CSC=3N(N=NN=3)C)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C1SC(=C(C(N)=O)C(O)=O)S1 SRZNHPXWXCNNDU-RHBCBLIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005495 cefotetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N milrinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1C PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003574 milrinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTCOGUMHFFWOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicosulfuron Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CN=2)C(=O)N(C)C)=N1 RTCOGUMHFFWOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001288 triamterene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, which comprises the following steps: the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride react under the action of a catalyst to generate malononitrile. According to the synthesis process of malononitrile, the gas-phase hydrocyanic acid gas and the gas-phase dichloromethane are directly mixed in the presence of the catalyst, and the malononitrile is synthesized through a one-step method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of malononitrile synthesis, in particular to a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile.
Background
Malononitrile, also known as dicyanomethane, cyanoacetonitrile, and the like. In the molecular structure of malononitrile, the active centers such as cyano carbon, nitrogen and methylene are included, so that the malononitrile has very wide application in chemical synthesis, such as synthesizing medicinal products including cefotetan, olanzapine, desiltin, aminonicotinonitrile, milrinone, methotrexate, triamterene, vitamin B1, adenine and other dyes and luminescent material intermediates including tea tetracarboxylic acid, 2-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-dicyano-4H-pyran and the like, and pesticide festival such as chaeta, crata-sulfuron, nico-sulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, propylene diamine and the like, and has very large market demand. Most of the existing synthetic routes have the problems of high cost, high energy consumption, complex reaction, large post-treatment capacity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, which comprises the following steps: the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride react under the action of a catalyst to generate malononitrile.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile. It comprises the following steps: the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride react under the action of a catalyst to generate malononitrile. According to the method for synthesizing the malononitrile, the gas-phase hydrocyanic acid gas and the gas-phase dichloromethane are directly mixed in the presence of the catalyst, the malononitrile is synthesized through a one-step method, the raw material cost is low, the route is short, the three wastes are few, the post-treatment is simple and convenient, a large amount of malononitrile can be rapidly prepared, the method is suitable for industrial production, and the market demand for malononitrile is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for synthesizing malononitrile according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The novel process for synthesizing malononitrile provided by the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a novel synthesis process of malononitrile, which comprises the following steps: the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride react under the action of a catalyst to generate malononitrile.
According to the novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gas-phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas-phase dichloromethane are mixed in the presence of a catalyst, and the malononitrile is prepared by a one-step method. Compared with other process routes, the synthetic route provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low raw material cost, short route, less three wastes, short residence time of toxic and harmful substances, simple and convenient post-treatment, and is a route with better malononitrile synthesis.
In an alternative embodiment, the molar ratio of gaseous hydrocyanic acid to gaseous dichloromethane is 1-6:1, a step of; preferably, the molar ratio of the gaseous hydrocyanic acid to the gaseous dichloromethane is 1.8-2.5:1.
In an alternative embodiment, the catalyst comprises a solid lewis acid;
Preferably, the catalyst comprises one or more of AlCl 3、FeCl3, solid heteropoly acid;
According to the malononitrile reaction system provided by the embodiment of the invention, solid Lewis acid is used as a catalyst, the solid Lewis acid comprises but is not limited to AlCl 3、FeCl3 and solid heteropolyacid, and the catalyst is partially consumed in the atmosphere and needs to be replenished according to the situation, and the whole economy can be ensured even though the catalyst is consumed.
In an alternative embodiment, the reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor.
In an alternative embodiment, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃ to 800 ℃, the reaction bed residence time is 0.1 to 60s, preferably the reaction temperature is 250 to 600 ℃, and the reaction bed residence time is 0.5 to 20s;
preferably, the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane are preheated to 150-800 ℃ and then reacted at 150-800 ℃.
It should be noted that, the synthesis of malononitrile provided in the embodiment of the present invention is performed in a fixed bed reactor, and in order to make the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane react rapidly in the fixed bed reactor to generate malononitrile, the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane may be first subjected to a preheating treatment before being introduced into the fixed bed reactor, optionally, the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane are respectively preheated and then mixed, or the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane are mixed and then preheated.
In an alternative embodiment, the reaction pressure is from atmospheric pressure to 4MPa.
According to the novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gas-phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas-phase dichloromethane are easy to react to generate malononitrile in the presence of the catalyst, the reaction can be performed under the normal pressure of-4 MPa, pressurization is not needed, and the energy consumption and the danger of the reaction are greatly reduced.
In an alternative embodiment, the reaction space velocity is 60h -1-36000h-1.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises: chilling the crude product obtained by the reaction, and separating the liquid phase by a rectification mode to obtain high-purity malononitrile;
Preferably, the separated dichloromethane and hydrocyanic acid are returned to be reused as raw materials.
In an alternative embodiment, the chilling temperature is from-50 to 50 ℃.
According to the novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, provided by the embodiment of the invention, a crude product obtained by reaction is chilled, so that a generated reaction mixed gas containing malononitrile can be rapidly cooled into a mixed liquid, separation and collection of malononitrile are facilitated, then a liquid phase is separated in a rectification mode, a malononitrile finished product with the purity of more than 99% can be obtained, and the rest of byproducts comprise unreacted dichloromethane, hydrocyanic acid, chloroacetonitrile and the like, wherein the hydrocyanic acid and the dichloromethane can be recovered and directly used, the chloroacetonitrile can be used as an intermediate for external sales, and the rest of organic polymers are discharged in the form of tar.
In an alternative embodiment, the gaseous hydrocyanic acid comprises at least one of a synthetic hydrocyanic acid gas, a hydrocyanic acid-containing tail gas treatment to obtain a hydrocyanic acid gas;
Preferably, the treatment of the tail gas containing hydrocyanic acid to obtain hydrocyanic acid gas includes: and (3) synthesizing hydrocyanic acid by an Anshi method, performing ammonia oxidation on methanol, and performing water absorption on acid-containing tail gas generated by cracking light oil, and then evaporating to obtain dry hydrocyanic acid gas.
The raw material gas phase hydrocyanic acid for preparing the malononitrile is wide in source, can be hydrocyanic acid gas obtained by treating tail gas containing hydrocyanic acid, can also be self-synthesized hydrocyanic acid gas, and is exemplified by acid-containing tail gas generated by synthesizing hydrocyanic acid by an Ann method, wherein the acid-containing tail gas contains about 8% of hydrocyanic acid gas, a small amount of CO, CO 2,H2 and the like, can also be tail gas obtained by a methanol ammoxidation method, light oil cracking and the like, and the purity of the tail gas can reach more than 99% by evaporating off hydrocyanic acid after water absorption. The gaseous hydrocyanic acid is selected from the tail gas containing hydrocyanic acid, and the hydrocyanic acid gas is obtained by treating the tail gas containing hydrocyanic acid, so that the pollution of the tail gas to the environment is reduced, and the hydrocyanic acid gas separated from the tail gas is used as a raw material for preparing malononitrile, so that the preparation cost of malononitrile is lower, the economic benefit is higher, and the market demand for a large amount of malononitrile can be met.
In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: under normal pressure-4 MPa, the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride are mixed according to the mole ratio of 1-6:1, directly mixing, heating the mixed gas after mixing to 150-800 ℃ in a mixing preheater, then introducing the heated mixed gas into a fixed bed reactor filled with a catalyst, keeping the temperature of a fixed bed layer at 150-800 ℃, reacting for 0.1-60s, directly cooling a crude product in a chiller to-50-50 ℃ after the reaction is finished, and separating a liquid phase in a rectification mode to obtain the high-purity malononitrile.
The above is to be seen that the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel process for synthesizing malononitrile, which comprises: the hydrocyanic acid gas and methylene dichloride gas with certain concentration are directly mixed to obtain mixed gas, then the mixed gas passes through a fixed bed layer filled with a catalyst, the reaction mixed gas containing malononitrile is obtained by a one-step method, the reaction mixed gas is chilled, then a liquid phase is separated in a rectification mode to obtain a malononitrile finished product with the purity of more than 99 percent, unreacted hydrocyanic acid and methylene dichloride in the product can be recovered and directly reused, chloroacetonitrile can be used as an intermediate for external sales, and other organic polymers are discharged in a tar form. Compared with other process routes, the synthetic route has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, short route, less three wastes and easy post-treatment, and is a better synthetic route.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The malononitrile was synthesized using the apparatus shown in fig. 1 as follows:
Hydrocyanic acid gas obtained by the reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid is used, the hydrocyanic acid gas is fed at a rate of 0.3mol/min and methylene dichloride is fed at a rate of 0.15mol/min, the hydrocyanic acid gas and methylene dichloride are directly mixed, the mixture is heated to 300 ℃ by a mixing preheater, and the mixture is passed through a DN25 x 600mm fixed bed reactor filled with 53g AlCl 3 catalyst, wherein the catalyst is in the form of particles with a size of 3x 5x 3mm. The bed is kept at 300 ℃, the crude product is chilled by a chiller after the reaction, the crude product is directly cooled to-10 ℃, then the liquid phase is separated by a rectification mode, and the mixed solution obtained by detection reaction contains 65wt% of malononitrile and 8wt% of chloroacetonitrile. The yield was 85wt% based on malononitrile. The rest is unreacted raw materials, tar and other byproducts.
Example 2
The malononitrile was synthesized using the apparatus shown in fig. 1 as follows:
Hydrocyanic acid gas obtained by using sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid to react is fed at a rate of 0.3mol/min and methylene dichloride is fed at a rate of 0.15mol/min, the hydrocyanic acid gas and methylene dichloride are directly mixed, the mixture is heated to 300 ℃ by a mixing preheater, a DN25 x 600mm fixed bed reactor filled with 48g FeCl 3 catalyst is used for heat preservation at 300 ℃, a chiller is used for chilling materials after the reaction, the materials are directly cooled to-10 ℃, then liquid phases are separated by a rectification mode, and the mixed solution obtained by detection reaction contains 63wt% of malononitrile, 6wt% of chloroacetonitrile and the yield of the mixture is 79wt% based on malononitrile. The rest is unreacted raw materials, tar and other byproducts.
Example 3
Similar to the procedure of example 1, the only difference is that: the reaction temperature in the preparation process is set to 380 ℃, and the mixed solution obtained by detection reaction contains 64wt% of malononitrile and 6wt% of chloroacetonitrile. The yield was 75wt% based on malononitrile. The rest is unreacted raw materials, tar and other byproducts.
Example 4
Similar to the procedure of example 1, the only difference is that: hydrocyanic acid gas is fed at a rate of 0.25mol/min and methylene dichloride is fed at a rate of 0.15mol/min, the feed amount of the hydrocyanic acid gas is small, and the mixed solution obtained through detection reaction after chilling contains 42wt% of malononitrile and 16wt% of chloroacetonitrile. The yield was 56wt% based on malononitrile. The rest is unreacted raw materials and tar.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The novel process for synthesizing malononitrile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride react under the action of a catalyst to generate malononitrile.
2. The novel synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of gaseous hydrocyanic acid to gaseous dichloromethane is 1-6:1, a step of;
preferably, the molar ratio of the gaseous hydrocyanic acid to the gaseous dichloromethane is 1.8-2.5:1.
3. The novel synthetic process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a solid lewis acid;
Preferably, the catalyst comprises one or more of AlCl 3、FeCl3, solid heteropolyacid.
4. The novel synthesis process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor.
5. The novel synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 150 ℃ to 800 ℃, the reaction bed residence time is 0.1 to 60s, preferably the reaction temperature is 250 to 600 ℃, and the reaction bed residence time is 0.5 to 20s;
preferably, the gaseous hydrocyanic acid and the gaseous dichloromethane are preheated to 150-800 ℃ and then reacted at 150-800 ℃.
6. The novel synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure is from atmospheric pressure to 4MPa.
7. The novel process for synthesizing according to claim 1, wherein the reaction space velocity is 60h -1-36000h-1.
8. The novel synthesis process according to claim 1, further comprising: chilling the crude product obtained by the reaction, and separating the liquid phase by a rectification mode to obtain high-purity malononitrile;
Preferably, the separated dichloromethane and hydrocyanic acid are returned to be reused as raw materials.
9. The novel synthesis process according to claim 8, wherein the chilling temperature is-50-50 ℃.
10. The novel synthetic process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: under normal pressure-4 MPa, the gas phase hydrocyanic acid and the gas phase methylene dichloride are mixed according to the mole ratio of 1-6:1, directly mixing, heating the mixed gas after mixing to 150-800 ℃ in a mixing preheater, then introducing the heated mixed gas into a fixed bed reactor filled with a catalyst, keeping the temperature of a fixed bed layer at 150-800 ℃, reacting for 0.1-60s, directly cooling a crude product in a chiller to-50-50 ℃ after the reaction is finished, and separating a liquid phase in a rectification mode to obtain the high-purity malononitrile.
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