CN117996459A - Circularly polarized super-surface antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super-surface, a dielectric substrate and a metal grounding layer which are sequentially arranged in a laminated manner from top to bottom; the hypersurface comprises: a plurality of super surface units; a plurality of super-surface units are uniformly arranged in an array manner along a first direction and a second direction to form a super-surface array; the super-surface unit is a metal patch and comprises four rectangular parts which are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction, adjacent edges of two adjacent rectangular parts are parallel to each other, and the sizes of the two adjacent rectangular parts are different; the metal ground layer includes: a coplanar waveguide transmission line arranged along a first direction and two coplanar waveguide feeder lines correspondingly connected with two slots on two sides of the coplanar waveguide transmission line; the two coplanar waveguide feeder lines extend oppositely along a third direction, and an included angle alpha between the third direction and the second direction is an acute angle. The circularly polarized super-surface antenna optimizes the complex feed structure of the antenna, has a stable and firm mechanical structure, widens the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna, and realizes better circularly polarized radiation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of super-surface antennas, and particularly relates to a circularly polarized super-surface antenna.
Background
The circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves with any polarization angle, resisting multipath interference and the like, and is widely applied to infinite communication systems such as satellite communication, radars, radio frequency identification and the like. Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in circular polarized antenna design due to their low profile, small volume, low cost, etc., but microstrip antennas have the disadvantage of narrow impedance bandwidth, etc., which limits their application in modern communication systems.
The super-surface is a two-dimensional expression form of a three-dimensional metamaterial and is formed by periodically arranging sub-wavelength structural units, and has the advantages of simple structure, low section, low cost and the like, meanwhile, the super-surface antenna can overcome the defect of a microstrip patch antenna narrow band, and the performances of the traditional antenna in the aspects of gain, directivity and the like are improved.
The existing circularly polarized super-surface antenna generally loads the super-surface above the radiating element, the lower structure of the radiating element is a microstrip line, and in some designs, an air layer is also loaded between the radiating element and the super-surface, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively widened. However, the structure effectively widens the working bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth, but increases the section height of the antenna, so that the mechanical structure of the antenna is more fragile. This would undoubtedly increase the overall design difficulty of the antenna and would be more costly. In a conventional super-surface antenna structure fed by using a coplanar waveguide structure, a feed surface and a ground plane are arranged on the same layer, so that the complex feed structure of the antenna is greatly optimized, but the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth are relatively narrower. Thus having a circularly polarized super surface antenna with a stable and strong mechanical structure and a large bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a circularly polarized super-surface antenna. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a circularly polarized super-surface antenna, comprising: the super surface, the dielectric substrate and the metal grounding layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the super surface comprises: a plurality of super surface units; the plurality of super-surface units are uniformly arranged in an array manner along a first direction and a second direction to form a super-surface array; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
the super-surface unit is a metal patch and comprises four rectangular parts, the four rectangular parts are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction, adjacent sides of two adjacent rectangular parts are parallel to each other, and the sizes of the two adjacent rectangular parts are different;
The metal ground layer includes: a coplanar waveguide transmission line and two coplanar waveguide feeders; the coplanar waveguide transmission line is arranged along the first direction, and two slots on two sides of the coplanar waveguide transmission line are respectively correspondingly connected with a coplanar waveguide feeder; the two coplanar waveguide feeder lines extend oppositely along a third direction, and an included angle alpha between the third direction and the second direction is an acute angle.
In one embodiment of the invention, the subsurface array comprises 9 subsurface units arranged in a 3 x 3 uniform array along the first direction and the second direction.
In one embodiment of the invention, the distance g=0.5 mm between adjacent edges of any two adjacent said super surface units.
In one embodiment of the invention, the two rectangular portions of the super surface unit in a fourth direction are equal in size, the fourth direction being equal to the angle between the first direction and the second direction;
the two rectangular portions located in a fifth direction are equal in size, the fifth direction being mutually perpendicular to the fourth direction.
In one embodiment of the invention, two adjacent rectangular parts have a shared adjacent edge, and a gap is formed from outside to inside along the direction of the adjacent edge.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the length a of the gap has a value ranging from: 2.5-3.4 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rectangular portion located in the fourth direction has a smaller side length than the rectangular portion located in the fifth direction.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the value range of the difference b between the side lengths of two adjacent rectangular portions is: 1.8-2.6 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, a corner of the rectangular part in the fourth direction is provided with a branch in an extending manner;
The branches on the two rectangular parts in the fourth direction are arranged in opposite directions, and the distance c between the distal ends of the two branches has the following range: 10.5-11 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the value range of the included angle α between the third direction and the second direction is: 4-9 deg..
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the circularly polarized super-surface antenna, the gaps are formed in the plurality of super-surface units of the super-surface, the angular slots are formed in the super-surface units, the distribution direction of mode current of the antenna deflects due to the asymmetry of the structure of the super-surface units, frequency points of mode significance coefficients of the two modes are separated, orthogonal current of the two modes is distributed along diagonal lines, namely the maximum current distribution positions of the two modes are staggered for a certain distance, so that the mode of the antenna is convenient to independently operate; and the characteristic angle of the antenna keeps about 90 DEG phase difference, so that the antenna can generate circular polarization radiation performance; then, by extending branches at two angles of the super-surface unit, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is improved; and finally, the coplanar waveguide feeder line arranged on the metal grounding layer is rotated to perform phase compensation on two modes of the antenna, so that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is further widened, and better circular polarization radiation performance is realized.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the invention, given by way of illustration only, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a side view of a circularly polarized subsurface antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1c is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic illustration of a prior art subsurface structure and a subsurface structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a graph of the prior art subsurface structure and the mode saliency coefficient (MS) in mode 1 and mode 2 provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a pattern current distribution diagram of a prior art subsurface structure in pattern 1 and pattern 2;
FIG. 3b is a graph of the mode current distribution of the subsurface structure in mode 1 and mode 2 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a radiation pattern of mode 1 and mode 2 of a circularly polarized super surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of characteristic angles of mode 1 and mode 2 of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is an antenna impedance diagram of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6b is an axial ratio diagram of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7a, fig. 7b and fig. 7c are schematic diagrams of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 5.2GHz, 5.4GHz and 5.6 GHz.
Icon: 100-super surface; 110-a super surface unit; 111-slit; 112-knots; 200-a dielectric substrate; 300-a metal ground layer; 310-coplanar waveguide transmission line; 320-coplanar waveguide feed line.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the preset purpose, a circular polarized super-surface antenna according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood through the description of the specific embodiments, however, the attached drawings are provided for reference and description only, and are not intended to limit the technical scheme of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1b is a side view of a circularly polarized subsurface antenna according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 1c is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a circularly polarized super-surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention provides a circularly polarized super-surface antenna, comprising: the upper surface 100, the dielectric substrate 200 and the metal ground layer 300 are sequentially stacked from top to bottom.
Preferably, the outer contours of the upper surface 100, the dielectric substrate 200 and the metal ground layer 300 are rectangular, and the length W and the width L are 40mm.
Preferably, the material of the dielectric substrate 200 is selected from Rogers 4003, having a thickness h of 3mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent of 0.0027.
In this embodiment, the hypersurface 100 comprises: a plurality of super surface units 110; the plurality of super-surface units 110 are uniformly arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction to form a super-surface array, and the center of the super-surface array coincides with the geometric center of the super-surface 100, wherein the first direction and the second direction are mutually perpendicular; in order to improve the performance of the antenna, the rectangular super-surface unit is slotted and extended in branches, wherein the super-surface unit 110 is a metal patch and comprises four rectangular parts, the four rectangular parts are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction, adjacent sides of two adjacent rectangular parts are parallel to each other, even if the rectangular parts also form array arrangement, and the structures of the two adjacent rectangular parts are different, so that the super-surface unit 110 has an asymmetric structure in the first direction and the second direction.
In this embodiment, the two rectangular portions of the super surface unit 110 located in the fourth direction are equal in size, and the fourth direction is equal to the included angle between the first direction and the second direction; the two rectangular portions located in the fifth direction are equal in size, and the fifth direction and the fourth direction are mutually perpendicular. The super surface unit 110 may also be regarded as a symmetrical structure in the fourth direction or the fifth direction at this time.
In an alternative embodiment, the super surface array includes 9 super surface units 110 arranged in a3×3 uniform array along the first direction and the second direction, that is, the 9 super surface units 110 form a3×3 array, each super surface unit 110 is obtained by slotting and extending a branch by an equilateral rectangular metal patch, and a distance g=0.5 mm between adjacent sides of any two adjacent super surface units 110.
In an alternative embodiment, the first width w1 of the super surface unit 110 along the first direction is equal to the second width w2 thereof along the second direction, and both the first width w1 and the second width w2 are 10mm.
In this embodiment, two adjacent rectangular portions have a common adjacent side, and a slit 111 is formed along the direction of the adjacent side from outside to inside, the lengths of the slits 111 are equal, and the slit 111 is parallel to the first direction or the second direction.
In an alternative embodiment, the length a of the slit 111 has a value in the range of: 2.5-3.4 mm.
Preferably, the length a=2.5 mm of the slot 111, and by optimizing the length a, the orthogonal currents of the two operation modes (hereinafter referred to as mode 1 and mode 2) of the circularly polarized super-surface antenna can be distributed along a diagonal, and the maximum current distribution position is staggered to some extent, so that the two operation modes can be independently operated.
In the present embodiment, the side length of the rectangular portion located in the fourth direction is smaller than that of the rectangular portion located in the fifth direction, that is, two portions are cut out corresponding to two sides in the diagonal direction thereof, respectively, as seen from the level of the super surface unit 110, and the two portions are rectangular, thereby forming rectangular portions of unequal sizes. Further, the four rectangular portions are square.
In an alternative embodiment, the value range of the difference b between the side lengths of two adjacent rectangular portions is: 1.8-2.6 mm.
Preferably, the difference between the side lengths of two adjacent rectangular parts b=2mm, and by optimizing the length of b, the mode saliency coefficient (MS) frequency points of two working modes of the circularly polarized super-surface antenna are separated, the characteristic angles of the antenna show a phase difference of about 90, and the antenna generates circular polarized radiation performance.
In this embodiment, a corner of the rectangular portion in the fourth direction is provided with a branch 112 in an extending manner, the branches 112 on the two rectangular portions in the fourth direction are disposed opposite to each other, and a range of a distance c between distal ends of the two branches 112 is: 10.5-11 mm.
Preferably, the distance c=11 mm between the distal ends of the two stubs 112, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is increased by providing the stubs 112.
In other words, each of the super surface units 110 may be regarded as being obtained by slotting, chamfering and extending the branches of an equilateral rectangular metal patch (actually, a shaped metal patch with a symmetrical structure obtained by integral processing), and the outer contour of the rectangular metal patch is taken as four sides, and the four sides of the super surface unit 110 are respectively provided with slits 111 vertically and inwardly; the two corners of the super surface unit 110 along the fourth direction are both extended and provided with branches 112, and a part of each branch 112 is cut away inwards, so that the super surface unit 110 is asymmetrically distributed in the first direction and the second direction, and mode saliency coefficient frequency points of two working modes of the antenna are separated.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 in combination, a CST (three-dimensional magnetic field simulation software) is used to perform a characteristic mode analysis on a super-surface antenna arranged in a 3×3 uniform array, where mode 1 and mode 2 are orthogonal modes, and based on the existing rectangular super-surface structure, a slotting and corner shrinking process is performed on the rectangular super-surface unit to obtain the super-surface 100 structure of the embodiment, and it can be seen that the Mode Significance (MS) number frequency points of the two modes of the super-surface 100 structure of the embodiment are separated. At 5.5GHz, mode current distribution simulation is carried out, mode current distribution of two modes is separated to a certain extent, on the basis of the mode current distribution separation, the mode current distribution deflects due to the asymmetric structure of the super surface unit 110, but the current of the mode 1 and the current of the mode 2 are still kept orthogonal, and the arrangement is more beneficial to separate operation of the two modes. Specifically, the MS curve distribution of the super surface 100 structure in this embodiment uses MS > 0.707 as a standard, mode 1 resonates at about 5GHz, the bandwidth is from 4.70 to 5.71GHz, mode 2 resonates at about 6.10GHz, the bandwidth is from 6.05 to 6.15GHz, and two frequency points thereof are close to each other. The radiation patterns of both modes are shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the patterns are both directed along the direction of the z-axis.
Referring to fig. 5, by optimizing the depth of b so that the MS value frequency point of the mode 2 moves up, the characteristic angle is attached to the shift, the phase difference of the two mode characteristic angles at the 5GHz frequency point is 77 °, the phase difference of the two mode characteristic angles at the 5.5GHz frequency point is 113 °, and the phase difference of the two mode characteristic angles at the 6GHz frequency point is 124 °, after 6GHz, the characteristic angle phase difference is rapidly reduced, but the frequency band of the characteristic angle phase difference of about 90 ° is very narrow, so that the influence caused by the fact that the characteristic angle phase difference cannot meet the requirement is also required to be compensated, and the feed structure of the metal ground layer 300 needs to be optimized to widen the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna.
In the present embodiment, the metal ground layer 300 includes: a coplanar waveguide transmission line 310 and two coplanar waveguide feed lines 320; the coplanar waveguide transmission lines 310 are arranged along the first direction, two sides of the coplanar waveguide transmission lines are provided with slots, the two slots are arranged in parallel at intervals along the first direction, and the slots of each coplanar waveguide transmission line 310 are correspondingly connected with one coplanar waveguide feeder line 320; the two coplanar waveguide feed lines 320 extend in opposite directions along a third direction, and an included angle α between the third direction and the second direction is an acute angle, so that the coplanar waveguide feed lines 320 are rotated by a certain angle, thereby being two working modes of the antenna: mode 1 and mode 2 provide certain phase compensation, achieve better circular polarization radiation performance, and greatly improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna.
In an alternative embodiment, the distance g1=0.2 mm between two coplanar waveguide transmission lines 310, length lf1=19.5 mm; the coplanar waveguide feed line 320 has a width wf=1 mm and a length lf=14 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the range of the included angle α between the third direction and the second direction is: 4-9 deg..
Preferably, the coplanar waveguide feed line 320 is used as a magnetic current source, and the coplanar waveguide feed line 320 is rotated by 8 ° in the clockwise direction to perform phase compensation on two modes of the antenna, thereby realizing better circular polarization radiation performance of the antenna.
It should be noted that, in the circularly polarized super-surface antenna of the present embodiment, the rotating coplanar waveguide feeder 320 is used to feed the super-surface structure disposed on the super-surface 100, and the antenna structure has only three layers, so that the stability of the structure is improved, and the cost can be effectively reduced.
Referring to FIG. 6, the circularly polarized subsurface antenna of this embodiment was simulated to have an impedance bandwidth of 30.7% (4.29-5.85 GHz) at-10 dB. The gain range of the antenna is 6.32-7.18dBi, so that the antenna has stable gain performance in the working frequency band range.
Referring to fig. 7, the antenna 3dB ratio ranges from 5.18 GHz to 6.01GHz. While the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth are widened, the better and stable structural characteristics are still maintained.
According to the circularly polarized super-surface antenna, the gaps are formed in the plurality of super-surface units of the super-surface, the angular slots are formed in the super-surface units, the distribution direction of mode current of the antenna deflects due to the asymmetry of the structure of the super-surface units, frequency points of mode significance coefficients of the two modes are separated, orthogonal current of the two modes is distributed along diagonal lines, namely the maximum current distribution positions of the two modes are staggered for a certain distance, so that the mode of the antenna is convenient to independently operate; the characteristic angle of the antenna keeps a phase difference of about 90 degrees, so that the antenna generates circular polarization radiation performance; then, by extending branches at two angles of the super-surface unit, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is improved; and finally, the coplanar waveguide feeder line arranged on the metal grounding layer is rotated to perform phase compensation on two modes of the antenna, so that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is further widened, and better circular polarization radiation performance is realized.
It should be noted that in this document relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or device comprising the element. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and is not indicative or implying that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A circularly polarized ultra-surface antenna comprising: the super-surface (100), the dielectric substrate (200) and the metal grounding layer (300) are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
The super surface (100) comprises: a plurality of super surface units (110); the plurality of super-surface units (110) are uniformly arranged in an array manner along a first direction and a second direction to form a super-surface array; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
The super-surface unit (110) is a metal patch and comprises four rectangular parts, the four rectangular parts are sequentially arranged along the clockwise direction, adjacent edges of two adjacent rectangular parts are parallel to each other, and the sizes of the two adjacent rectangular parts are different;
The metal ground layer (300) includes: a coplanar waveguide transmission line (310) and two coplanar waveguide feed lines (320); the coplanar waveguide transmission line (310) is arranged along the first direction, and two slots on two sides of the coplanar waveguide transmission line (310) are respectively correspondingly connected with a coplanar waveguide feeder line (320); the two coplanar waveguide feed lines (320) extend in opposite directions along a third direction, and an included angle alpha between the third direction and the second direction is an acute angle.
2. The circularly polarized metasurface antenna of claim 1, wherein the metasurface array comprises 9 metasurface units (110) arranged in a3 x 3 uniform array along the first direction and the second direction.
3. The circularly polarized metasurface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance g = 0.5mm between adjacent sides of any two adjacent metasurface units (110).
4. The circularly polarized super surface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the two rectangular parts of the super surface unit (110) located in the fourth direction are equal in size, the fourth direction being equal to the angle between the first direction and the second direction;
the two rectangular portions located in a fifth direction are equal in size, the fifth direction being mutually perpendicular to the fourth direction.
5. The circularly polarized super surface antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein two adjacent rectangular parts have a common adjacent side between them, and a slit (111) is provided from the outside to the inside along the direction of the adjacent side.
6. The circularly polarized super surface antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the length a of the slot (111) has a value in the range of: 2.5-3.4 mm.
7. The circularly polarized super surface antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rectangular portion located in the fourth direction has a side length smaller than that of the rectangular portion located in the fifth direction.
8. The circularly polarized super surface antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein the difference b between the side lengths of the adjacent two rectangular portions has a value ranging from: 1.8-2.6 mm.
9. The circularly polarized super surface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a corner of the rectangular portion located in the fourth direction is provided with a stub (112) extending;
The branches (112) on the two rectangular parts in the fourth direction are arranged in a back-to-back mode, and the value range of the distance c between the distal ends of the two branches (112) is as follows: 10.5-11 mm.
10. The circularly polarized super-surface antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle α between the third direction and the second direction is in the range of: 4-9 deg..
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| CN202410138436.0A CN117996459A (en) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | Circularly polarized super-surface antenna |
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| CN202410138436.0A CN117996459A (en) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | Circularly polarized super-surface antenna |
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