CN117979901A

CN117979901A - Flexible electroencephalogram head-wearing device

Info

Publication number: CN117979901A
Application number: CN202280063422.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彼得·凯莱; 亚诺什·科卡韦茨; 加博尔·布劳恩; 阿斯文·古纳瑟卡
Original assignee: Zeto Inc
Current assignee: Zeto Inc
Priority date: 2021-08-05
Filing date: 2022-08-05
Publication date: 2024-05-03

Abstract

One variation of a system for positioning electrodes on a user's head includes a headset defining a set of electrode bodies resiliently interconnected by a unique set of spring elements configured to position the set of electrode bodies at the international 10-20 standard electrode locations regardless of the size of the user's head. The spring element is configured to transmit electrical signals between the interconnected electrode bodies and ultimately to the controller. The electrode tip is mechanically and electrically coupled to each electrode body. The electrode tip includes: a thin conductive probe mounted at the distal end of the spring beam and configured to extend from the base of the electrode tip, bypass the hair, and electrically couple to the head of the user; and an insulating boss configured to rest on the head of the user and transfer the weight of the headset to the head of the user.

Description

Flexible electroencephalogram head-wearing device

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 63/229,871 filed 8/5 of 2021 and U.S. provisional application No. 63/256,238 filed 15 of 10/2021, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

The present application relates to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/351,016, filed 11/14/2016, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to the field of electroencephalography and, more particularly, to a new and useful method for collecting electrical measurements in the field of electroencephalography.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system;

FIGS. 2A-2C are schematic diagrams of a variation of the system; and

Fig. 3A-3B are schematic diagrams of a variation of the system.

Description of the embodiments

The following description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments, but to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Variations, configurations, implementations, example implementations, and examples described herein are optional and are not limited to the variations, configurations, implementations, example implementations, and examples described herein. The invention described herein may include any and all permutations of these variations, configurations, implementations, example implementations, and examples.

1. System and method for controlling a system

In general, the system 100 for positioning electrodes on a user's head includes a set of electrode bodies configured to be positioned at electrode locations of an electroencephalogram (or "EEG") headset (head) forming EEG standard, such as the International 10-20 system. In one implementation, the system 100 can include an electrode body defining an electrode body 120, the electrode body 120 can include a base, a cavity, a ring (annulus), an electrode tip 130, a conductive element (e.g., a flexible PCB), an electrode interface 122, a spring element receiver 126, and circuitry 123 (e.g., local signal circuitry). The conductive elements may be electrically coupled to the circuitry and the controller 102 and configured to transfer data between the circuitry and the controller 102. The housing is also configured to retain (or "lock") a set of spring elements 104 within the spring element receptacles 126 of the base. The system includes a set of spring elements 104, the spring elements 104 configured to: mechanically coupling adjacent electrode bodies 120; expansion and contraction to accommodate different head sizes and shapes; and adjacent electrodes 120 are positioned in a relative position that approximates an EEG standard (e.g., a 10-20 system). The system may include a controller 102, the controller 102 configured to receive electrical signals from a set of electrode bodies 105, process the electrical signals to produce an output, and transmit the output to an output device (e.g., a monitor or computer) for further processing, analysis, or display of the output to a user or operator.

In another implementation, as shown in fig. 1-3B, the system 100 includes a headset 101, the headset 101 defining a set of electrode bodies 105, the electrode bodies 105 configured to detect electroencephalographic signals from a user's head; and a set of spring elements 104, the spring elements 104 resiliently interconnecting a set of electrode bodies 105 and configured to position the set of electrode bodies 105 on the head of a user. Each spring element 110 of the set of spring elements 104 may include a ridge (spine) 111, the ridge 111 defining: a proximal end 112 comprising a first arcuate segment (arcuate section) 113 extending about a first axis, the first arcuate segment 113 configured to elastically deform about the first axis to accommodate curvature of a user's head and configured to electrically couple to a first circuit 123 within a first electrode body 120 of the set of electrode bodies 105; a distal end 114 comprising a second arcuate segment 115 extending about a second axis, the second arcuate segment 115 configured to elastically deform about the second axis to accommodate curvature of a user's head, and a second electrical connector configured to electrically couple to a second electrical circuit 123 within a second electrode body 120 of the set of electrode bodies 105; and a central segment 116 defining a serpentine (serpentine) geometry extending between the proximal and distal ends 112, 114 and configured to elastically deform between the first and second axes to accommodate the size of a user's head. Each spring element 110 of the set of spring elements 104 further includes a conductive element 117 extending along the central section 116 between the proximal end 112 and the distal end 114 and configured to conduct electrical signals between the first electrode body 120 and the second electrode body 120.

In yet another implementation, as shown in fig. 1-3B, the system 100 includes a headset 101, the headset 101 defining a set of electrode bodies 105 and a set of spring elements 104. Each electrode body 120 of the set of electrode bodies 105 includes: a housing 121 defining an electrode interface 122, the electrode interface 122 configured to receive an electrode tip 130; and a circuit 123 disposed within the housing 121 and electrically coupled to the electrode interface 122. Each spring element 110 of the set of spring elements 104 defines a serpentine geometry extending between the first electrode body 120 and the second electrode body 120 of the set of electrode bodies 105 and is configured to: elastically deforming between the first electrode body 120 and the second electrode body 120; and transmitting an electrical signal between the first circuit 123 in the first electrode body 120 and the second circuit 123 in the second electrode body 120. The system 100 also includes a set of electrode tips 106, each electrode tip 130 of the set of electrode tips 106 defining: an electrode base 131 defining a conductive material configured to be transiently mounted on the housing 121 and configured to be electrically coupled to the electrode interface 122; an elastic beam (elastic beam) 132 including a conductive material and extending from the electrode base 131; a conductive probe 134 disposed on the distal end of the spring beam 132 opposite the electrode base 131, defining a first contact region 135, the first contact region 135 configured to contact and electrically couple to a user's head and configured to conduct electrical signals from the user's head to the electrode interface 122 via the spring beam 132 and the electrode base 131; and a boss (boss) 136 comprising an insulating material extending from the electrode base 131 opposite the electrode interface 122 and defining a second contact area 137 that is larger than the first contact area 135, configured to contact the head of the user and transfer the weight of the headset 101 to the head of the user.

2. Application of

Generally, the system includes a unique set of components (i.e., springs and electrodes) that can be assembled in a headset (e.g., an EEG headset) configured to position a series (a constellation of) of electrode bodies 106 for a group of users exhibiting different head shapes and sizes according to an EEG standard (e.g., a 10-20 system). In particular, the system comprises a set of spring elements 104, the spring elements 104 being interposed between a set of electrode bodies 105 and being configured to connect to a set of electrode bodies 105. The set of spring elements 104 exhibit different characteristic spring rates (CHARACTERISTIC SPRINGS RATES) and are distributed across the headset 101 to accommodate different head sizes.

Typically, the headset 101 includes a set of electrodes that are made up of minimal parts. The electrode body and the spring element may be formed from injection molded polymers. The headset 101 can be quickly assembled and configured by an operator with limited skill. The spring element may be attached to the electrode via an interference fit. When assembled, the headset 101 requires minimal adjustment to position the electrodes according to EEG standards. Thus, the headset 101 can be quickly deployed to record accurate EEG results with limited operator skill. The spring element 110 may be arranged in a serpentine shape to constitute a flat spring and may comprise a hollow channel. The hollow channel may contain a cable within the spring element 110 that connects adjacent electrodes. The spring elements 110 may be arranged such that adjacent and nominally parallel segments of the spring elements 110 are offset and each return end of the spring elements 110 maintains a gap between the adjacent segments and the return ends to reduce or eliminate pinch points (pin points) that may catch or pull user hair when wearing the headset 101. The flat spring may bear against the user's head and distribute the weight of the headset such that the entire weight of the headset is not carried solely by the contact of the electrode tip 130 against the user's scalp. Furthermore, due to the minimal weight and number of components, the headset applies minimal pressure to the user's head via the electrode tip 130 and the spring element, allowing the user to wear the headset for a long period of time with minimal discomfort. In addition, the minimal structure of the headset allows the user to freely take various postures (e.g., sitting, standing or lying) or move their head while wearing the headset 101. Components providing functions such as processing and power supply may be located in the controller 102 external to the headset.

2.1 Spring element longitudinal extension and angular bending

Each spring element 110 of the set of spring elements 104 is configured to elastically deform along the longitudinal axis according to a spring rate to conform to the size of the user's head when positioning the set of electrode bodies 105. The spring rate of each spring element 110 in the set of spring elements 104 is adjusted such that extension of each spring element 110 results in a controlled expansion ratio (expansion ratio) between adjacent electrode bodies 120 that corresponds to the electrode position defined by the EEG standard (e.g., international 10-20 standard). Each spring element 110 interconnects two adjacent electrode bodies 120 and exhibits a spring rate matching the expansion ratio between the two adjacent electrode bodies 120 according to the EEG standard. Typically, the spring elements 110 are configured to exhibit different spring rates based on the number of loops (or turns) of the serpentine geometry. Additionally, the spring element 110 may be configured to exhibit a spring rate based on the cross-sectional area of the spring element 110 and/or the elasticity of the material of the spring element 110. The set of spring elements 104 includes a plurality of spring elements 110 that exhibit a plurality of spring rates, and each spring element 110 of the set of spring elements 104 is configured to cooperate with other spring elements 110 of the set of spring elements 104 to position the set of electrode bodies 105 according to EEG standards for a range of head sizes without reconfiguration (e.g., without changing or replacing the spring elements 110).

The spring element 110 may additionally comprise a set of arcuate segments configured to elastically deform in an angular direction to conform to the curvature of the user's head. Additionally, the spring element 110 may elastically deform over a range of angles to accommodate a range of curvatures (e.g., multiple curvatures for multiple heads, multiple local curvatures for a single head). A set of arcuate segments may include a proximal arcuate segment 113 and a distal arcuate segment 115 positioned at opposite ends of a central segment 116 of the spring element 110 defining a serpentine geometry. The spring element 110 may be elastically deformed in an angular direction independent of the longitudinal axis, and vice versa, thereby decoupling the longitudinal movement achieved by the longitudinal elastic deformation of the serpentine geometry from the angular movement achieved by the angular elastic deformation of the proximal arcuate end 113, the distal arcuate end 115, or both. Thus, the spring element 110 may individually conform to the size and/or curvature of the user's head.

Each spring element 110 includes a ridge 111 extending from a proximal end 112 to a distal end 114 that exhibits the (longitudinal and angular) spring rate of the spring element 110, and a conductive element 117 defining a flexible PCB mounted on the ridge 111. Conductive element 117 extends between proximal end 112 and distal end 114 of spine 111 and extends from proximal end 112 to form a proximal electrical connector and extends from distal end 114 to form a distal electrical connector. The conductive element 117 is configured to conduct electrical signals between the proximal electrical connector and the distal electrical connector while being elastically deformed according to the elastic deformation of the ridge 111. The spring element 110 comprising the odd turns of serpentine geometry may comprise a conductive element 117 mounted to one side of the spine 111 of the spring element 110 to position the proximal electrical connector in an orientation interfacing with the electrical receiver of the first housing 121 and to position the distal electrical connector in an orientation interfacing with the electrical receiver of the second housing 121. The spring element 110 comprising an even number of turns of the serpentine geometry may comprise a conductive element 117 mounted to a first side of the ridge 111 and a second side of the ridge 111, and comprise a transition from the first side to the second side. A conductive element 117 is mounted to a first face of the spine 111 to position the proximal electrical connector in an orientation that interfaces with an electrical receiver of the first housing and a conductive element 117 is mounted to a second face of the spine 111 to position the distal electrical connector in an orientation that interfaces with an electrical receiver of the second housing. In addition, each spring element 110 is covered (e.g., dip molded, over molded, spray coated, cast) with an insulating and/or protective material to insulate and/or protect the ridge 111 and the conductive element 117.

2.2 Dispensing head mounted weight via electrode tip

Electrode tip 130 includes a spring beam 132, a conductive probe 134 suspended on the distal end of spring beam 132, and a boss 136. The conductive probe 134 defines a first contact region 135, the first contact region 135 being configured to contact and electrically couple to the scalp of a user. The boss 136 defines a second contact area 137 that is larger than the first contact area 135. The electrode tips 130 are configured to rest on the user's head, either on the hair, on the skin of the head (e.g., on the forehead) or directly on the scalp (in the case of a balding user), and to carry a localized portion of the weight of the headset 101 to the user's head via the boss 136. The conductive probe 134 is cantilevered on the distal end of the spring beam 132, which exhibits a spring rate. The spring beam 132 is configured to drive the conductive probe 134 toward the user's head in a resting position. The boss 136 resting on the user's head decouples the local weight of the headset 101 from the force of the spring beam 132, driving the conductive probe 134 toward the user's head, limiting the force exerted by the first contact area 135 of the conductive probe 134 on the user's head to the force exerted by the spring beam 132 that corresponds to the spring rate of the spring beam 132.

In one example where the user has hair, the conductive probe 134 passes between individual hairs of the user and engages the scalp of the user beneath the hair. The force of the spring beam 132 is sufficient to maintain the conductive probe 134 in contact with the user's head, thereby maintaining electrical coupling between the conductive probe 134 and the user's head. The weight of the headset 101 is carried to the user's head via the larger second contact area 137 of the boss 136, and only the force exerted by the spring beam 132 is applied to the conductive probe 134 and thus to the user.

In another example, the electrode tip 130 is positioned on an area of the user's head (e.g., forehead, bald scalp) that is free of hair and includes a groove 108 disposed between the first boss 136 and the second boss 136. The spring beam 132 is configured to guide the conductive probe 134 into the recess 138 in response to contact of the scalp of the user with the second contact area 137 of the first boss 136. The local weight of the head mounted device 101 is carried to the user's head via the second contact area 137 of the first boss 136 (and the second contact area 137 of the second boss 136) and is decoupled from the force exerted by the spring beam 132 on the conductive probe 134 for a position on the user's head without hair.

Thus, a headset 101 equipped with a single electrode tip configuration may be applied to several users having heads with different hair and scalp properties without the need to customize the headset 101 or interchange the electrode tips 130 for each user, thereby reducing the number of headset configurations and electrode tip configurations necessary to effectively electrically couple the electrode tips 130 to the user's head.

In another implementation, the system 100 includes an electrode tip 130 defining a unitary structure including a conductive probe 134 formed of a conductive polymer and a boss 136 formed of an insulating polymer. The electrode tip may be formed as a single injection molded polymer part comprising a first injection of a conductive polymer and a second injection of an insulating polymer that is bonded to the conductive polymer during the injection molding process. The insulating polymer may be selectively bonded to the conductive polymer to limit the exposed area of the conductive polymer to an electrical contact surface (e.g., an electrode contact surface or an electrical interface between an electrode tip and an electrode housing). In addition, a conductive polymer may be integrated within the electrode housing to form an electromagnetic shield (electromagnetic shield) 124 that isolates the local contact area of the electrode tip from external electromagnetic interference, thereby increasing the clarity of the EEG signal. The electrode tip 130 may be configured to be mounted instantaneously in the electrode housing via magnetic attachment, allowing rotational freedom and enabling fine tuning of the placement of the conductive probe on the user's head. In one variation, the headset 101 includes a set of mass produced single use sanitary electrode tips 130 that can be discarded after each user's EEG.

3. Electrode body

As shown in fig. 1, the EEG headset comprises a set of electrode bodies 105 configured to be positioned at points of the EEG standard (e.g. international 10-20 system). A set of electrode bodies may be divided into subsets. A first subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., two electrode bodies) may be arranged with five spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, and 180 ° positions) and ribbon connectors (e.g., at 270 ° positions), and may be configured to be positioned at the T3 and T4 positions. The second subset of electrode bodies (e.g., three electrode bodies) may include four spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at Fz, cz, and Pz positions. A third subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., two electrode bodies) may include three spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 90 °, and 180 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at FpZ and Oz positions. A fourth subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., fourteen electrode bodies) may include two spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 ° and 180 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at Fp1, F7, T5, O1, O2, T6, F8, fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4 positions.

In one implementation, the electrode body 120 may include a base having a castellated (castellated) perimeter wall surrounding the cavity and defining a set of spring receptacles, and an annular portion opposite the spring receptacles and configured to receive the electrode tip 130 facing downward from the cavity. The circuit 123 may be arranged in a cavity above the ring portion. Electrode interface 122 may be disposed on housing 121 and configured to be electrically coupled to electrode tip 130. Circuitry 123 (e.g., local signal circuitry, amplifier circuitry) may be disposed within the housing 121 and configured to read and condition EEG signals from the electrode tip 130. The connector may be disposed on the circuit 123 and configured to transmit data received from the circuit 123 to the controller 102 and to receive a power input. The cover may be disposed over the cavity, on the base, and configured to enclose the electrical circuit 123 within the cavity and retain (or "lock") a set of springs within the spring receptacles of the base. For example, the cover may interface with the castellated perimeter wall of the base to form a spring receiver, and the spring element 110 may be inserted into the spring receiver with an interference (or "snap") fit. An annular pad may be disposed on the base, surrounding the annular portion and opposite the cover, and configured to carry the weight of the electrode on the scalp. For example, the annular pad may be an elastic material (e.g., silicone, memory foam) and may be bonded to the base around the annular portion. In one variation, the system includes a set of interchangeable annular pads to accommodate different electrode sizes. An electromagnetic shield 124 may be disposed within the housing 121 between the circuitry 123 and the cover and configured to shield the electrode tip 130 mounted on the electrode interface 122 from environmental electrical noise.

In one implementation, the electrode body is formed from a conductive polymer and an insulating polymer as a unitary structure. The electrode body may include a housing 121 formed of an insulating polymer that encloses an electrical circuit 123, and an electrode interface configured to receive and electrically couple to an electrode tip 130 formed of a conductive polymer. In addition, the housing 121 may include an electrically conductive polymer arranged to form an electromagnetic shield 124, the electromagnetic shield 124 being configured to shield the electrode tip 130 and a localized region of the user's head electrically coupled with the electrode tip 130 from external electromagnetic radiation.

For example, as shown in fig. 2C, the electrode body 120 defines a unitary structure and includes a case 121 formed of an insulating polymer; an electrode interface 122 formed of a conductive polymer; and an electromagnetic shield 124 formed of a conductive polymer, the electromagnetic shield 124 extending from the electrode interface 122 toward the user's head, radially offset from and surrounding the boss 136, and configured to shield the conductive probe 134 from external electromagnetic radiation.

Thus, electromagnetic shield 124 may reduce extraneous electromagnetic noise by shielding electrode tip 130 and a localized region of the user's head that is electrically coupled to electrode tip 130, resulting in a higher quality signal from electrode tip 130. In particular, the electromagnetic shield may reduce unwanted artifacts in the EEG, such as power supply artifacts or capacitive coupling artifacts (e.g., abrupt movements, waving hands around the user).

In another implementation, the circuit 123 includes a light emitting element (e.g., a multi-color LED, a light ring) disposed on the housing 121. The controller 102 (described below) may implement the methods and techniques described in application number US15/351,016, which is incorporated by reference, to: tracking a contact quality between an electrode tip 130 mounted in the electrode body 120 and a scalp of a user; setting the light emitting element to a first color (e.g., green) if the contact quality of the electrode tip 130 exceeds a threshold contact quality; if the contact quality of the electrode tip 130 changes at greater than a threshold frequency, the light emitting element is set to a second color (e.g., yellow); and/or if the contact quality of the electrode tip 130 is less than the threshold contact quality, setting the light emitting element to a third color (e.g., red).

3.1 Electrode tip

Typically, the electrode tip 130 cooperates with the electrode body 120 and the electrical circuitry 123 disposed within the electrode body 120 to define an "electrode". The electrodes are configured to contact the skin of the user, detect local neural oscillations on the skin of the user, and transmit data representative of these local neural oscillations to the controller 102. For example, the electrodes may detect a high impedance sensing signal from the user's skin; converting the high impedance sense signal to a low impedance sense signal; and communicates the low impedance sensing signal to the controller 102 via a wired connection through one or a series of spring elements between the electrode and the controller 102. The electrodes may be formed of conductive materials (i.e., metals, non-metals, conductive foams, conductive polymers). The system may include a set of conductive electrode tips 130 configured to be transiently installed in a set of electrode bodies 105 and defining a set of configurations, such as: flat or domed (e.g., for no hair), short bristles (e.g., for short, thin and/or straight hair), or long bristles (e.g., for long, thick, curled hair).

In one implementation, as shown in fig. 2A-2C, the electrode tip 130 includes a conductive probe 134 mounted at a distal end of a spring beam 132, the spring beam 132 being configured to extend the conductive probe 134 from the electrode base 131 toward the head surface of the user. The conductive probe 134 is formed of a conductive material (e.g., a conductive polymer) and defines a first contact region 135 at the tip of the conductive probe 134. The conductive probe 134 defines a small cross-section (e.g., a needle-like structure) relative to the length of the conductive probe to pass through the hair of the user and contact the skin of the scalp of the user via the first contact area 135. The electrode tip 130 further includes a boss 136 formed of an insulating material (e.g., an insulating polymer) extending from the electrode base 131, the boss 136 defining a larger cross-section relative to a length of the boss 136 extending from the electrode base and defining a second contact area 137 that is larger than the first contact area 135. The electrode tip 130 also includes a recess 138 proximal to the boss 136 into which recess 138 the conductive probe 134 retracts under load from contact with the user's head.

For example, as shown in fig. 2A-2C, the electrode tip 130 includes a spring beam 132 coupled to an electrode base 131 via a curved joint 133, the curved joint 133 configured to: extending the conductive probe 134 toward the head surface in the unloaded state; and in the loaded state, retract the first contact region 135 of the conductive probe 134 into the recess 138 adjacent the boss 136.

In another example, the system 100 includes an electrode tip 130, the electrode tip 130 further including a center electrode tip: extending from the electrode base; defining a third contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to a user's head; comprising a conductive polymer exposed at the third contact region and extending and electrically coupled to the electrode base; an insulating polymer comprising a conductive polymer bonded to and encapsulating the third contact region and the electrode base; and configured to contact the user's head via the first electrode base and conduct electrical signals from the user's head to the first electrode interface.

In another example, the system 100 includes an electrode tip 130, the electrode tip 130 including: a spring beam 132 mounted to the electrode base 131 at a proximal end and including a conductive polymer; a conductive probe 134 mounted to the spring beam 132 at a distal end, comprising a conductive polymer extending from the first contact region 135 to the spring beam 132, and configured to electrically couple the first contact region 135 to the electrode base 131 via the spring beam 132. Electrode tip 130 further includes boss 136, boss 136: individually mounted to the electrode base 131, radially offset from the conductive probe 134 and the spring beam 132; comprising an insulating polymer; and extends from the electrode base 131.

In another example, the electrode tip 130 defines a unitary structure comprising: an electrode base comprising a conductive polymer, configured to be transiently mounted on the housing, and configured to be electrically coupled to the electrode interface; an integrated spring beam extending from the electrode base, comprising a conductive polymer and an insulating polymer bonded to the conductive polymer and encapsulating the conductive polymer between the electrode base and the distal end; an integrated conductive probe disposed at a distal end of the elastic beam opposite the electrode base, defining a first contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to a user's head, configured to conduct an electrical signal from the user's head to the electrode interface via the elastic beam and the electrode base, including a conductive polymer extending from the first contact region to the distal end, and including an insulating polymer bonded to the conductive polymer and encapsulating the conductive polymer between the first contact region and the elastic beam; and an integrated boss comprising an insulating polymer extending from the electrode base opposite the electrode interface and defining a second contact area that is larger than the first contact area, the second contact area configured to contact the head of the user and carry the weight of the headset to the head of the user.

In one variation, the electrode tip may include a plurality of conductive probes 134 and a plurality of bosses 136 that cooperate to increase the surface area of the electrode tip 130 in contact with the head of the user that is electrically coupled to, the bosses 136 increasing the surface area that transfers the weight of the headset to the head of the user. The conductive probes 134 and lands 136 of the electrode tip 130 are arranged in a radially symmetric pattern, with gaps between the lands 136 forming grooves 138.

In one example, the electrode tip 130 further includes: a second elastic beam 132 disposed around the first elastic beam 132, including a conductive material, and extending from the electrode base 131; and a second conductive probe disposed on a distal end of the second spring beam opposite the first electrode base, defining a third contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to the user's head, and configured to conduct an electrical signal from the user's head to the first electrode interface via the second spring beam and the first electrode base. The electrode tip 130 additionally includes a second boss surrounding the first boss: comprises an insulating material; extending from the first electrode base opposite the first electrode interface; and defining a fourth contact area that is larger than the third contact area, configured to contact the head of the user, and to carry the weight of the headset to the head of the user.

The electrode tip 130 is configured to contact the user's head such that the boss 136 rests on the user's head, either on the hair, or on the skin of the head, (such as on the forehead), or directly on the scalp in the case of a balding user. In one example where the user has hair, the conductive probe 134 penetrates the user's hair and contacts the user's scalp underneath the hair. The conductive probe 134 experiences resistance as it contacts the scalp of the user. In response, the spring beam 132 deforms under this resistance, and the conductive probe 134 retracts toward the electrode base 131 and partially into the recess 138. The force of the spring beam 132 is sufficient to maintain the conductive probe 134 in contact with the user's head, thereby maintaining electrical coupling between the conductive probe 134 and the user's head. However, the weight of the headset 101 is transferred to the user's head via the larger second contact area 137 of the boss 136. When the electrode tip 130 is positioned on the head of a user having a particularly large amount of hair, the elastic beam 132 may not be deformed at all.

In another example where the localized area of contact of the electrode tip 130 does not include hair (e.g., forehead, head of a bald user), the electrode tip 130 includes a conductive probe 134 having a length equal to the length of the boss 136 such that under load, the conductive probe 134 will fully retract within the recess 138, and thus the first contact area 135 of the conductive probe 134 and the second contact area 137 of the boss 136 will be coplanar (e.g., both bearing against the scalp of the user). When the conductive probe 134 contacts the scalp of the user and experiences resistance, the elastic beam 132 deforms in response to the resistance, and the conductive probe 134 is fully retracted into the recess 138 toward the electrode base 131. The second contact area 137 of the boss 136 transfers the weight of the headset to the user, while the first contact area 135 of the conductive probe 134 is held against the user's head by the force of the spring beam alone. This provides a comfortable experience for the user because the weight of the headset 101 is distributed over the larger second contact area 137, rather than being concentrated entirely on the first contact area 135 of the conductive probe 134.

Thus, a single electrode tip configuration may be applied to several user types having different hair and scalp properties, or to users having heads with multiple hair morphologies (e.g., receding hairline, alopecia areata), without customizing the headset 101 or exchanging differently configured electrode tips 130, thereby reducing the number of electrode tip configurations required to effectively electrically couple the electrodes to the user's head.

3.2 Mechanical coupling

In one implementation, the electrode interface 122 of the electrode body 120 defines a retention aperture (retention aperture) located above and centered over the annular portion of the electrode body 120, and electrical traces adjacent to and/or surrounding the retention aperture. In this implementation, the electrode tip 130 includes: an electrode base 131 configured to be disposed in the annular portion of the electrode body 120; a contact end portion disposed on a distal end of the electrode base 131 opposite the electrode body 120 and configured to contact the scalp of the user; and a hook portion (barb) extending rearward from the electrode base 131 and configured to be inserted into and hold a holding hole of the electrode interface 122 in the electrode body 120. For example, the electrode base, contact end, and hook define a unitary resilient structure (e.g., injection molded polymer) that is autocatalytically coated with a conductive material (e.g., nickel). The hooks may be resilient and may deform when inserted into the retention holes and may expand behind the electrode interface 122 to retain the electrode within the hole of the electrode body 120 and maintain mechanical contact and electrical connectivity between the electrode base 131 and the electrical trace adjacent the retention hole. Thus, the retention holes of the electrode interface 122 and the hooks of the electrode tip 130 may cooperate to mechanically retain the electrode tip 130 within the electrode body 120 and maintain electrical contact between the electrical traces on the electrode interface 122 and the electrode tip 130. For example, to install the electrode tip 130 in the electrode body 120, the user pushes the electrode tip 130 into the annular portion of the electrode body 120 to place the hook portion in the holding hole. To replace the electrode tip 130, the user pulls the electrode tip 130 out of the electrode body 120. In addition, the construction of the electrode requires minimal parts. At the time of manufacture, the hooks are molded into the electrode base and the retention holes are made directly into the electrode interface 122.

3.3 Magnetic coupling

In another implementation, the electrode interface 122 of the electrode body 120 defines an electrical trace facing the annulus. The electrode body 120 also includes a magnet, for example, centered over and opposite the annular portion on the electrode interface 122. The electrode tip 130 includes an electrode base 131 configured to be disposed in the annular portion of the electrode body 120 and a magnetic element (e.g., an iron insert) disposed in the electrode base.

In one example, the electrode body 120 defines a housing including a first magnetic element disposed at the electrode interface 122; and the electrode tip 130 includes an electrode base 131 defining a second magnetic element configured to be transiently coupled to the first magnetic element to retain the electrode tip 130 on the housing 121 via a magnetic connection and to freely rotate about an axis perpendicular to the electrode interface 122.

In another example, the electrode base, contact end, and magnetic element may define a unitary structure that is autocatalytically coated with a conductive material (e.g., nickel). The magnetic element is a magnetic material (e.g., iron or steel). The magnetic polarities are configured such that the magnetic elements are magnetically attracted to the magnets within the electrode body 120. The magnetic attraction between the magnet and the magnetic element may be used to retain the electrode within the bore of the electrode body 120 and to maintain mechanical contact and electrical connection between the electrode base 131 and the electrical trace adjacent the retention bore. Thus, the magnets and magnetic elements may cooperate to limit the vertical position of the electrode tip 130 within the electrode body 120. The annular portion and the electrode base 131 may cooperate to limit the lateral position of the electrode tip 130 within the electrode body 120. For example, to install the electrode tip 130 in the electrode body 120, the user places the electrode tip 130 in the annular portion of the electrode body 120 to magnetically couple the magnetic element in the electrode with the magnet in the electrode body 120. To replace the electrode tip 130, the user pulls the electrode tip 130 out of the electrode body 120. In addition, the construction of the electrode requires minimal parts. At the time of manufacture, the magnetic element is permanently fixed to the electrode tip 130 and the magnet is fixed within the electrode body 120.

3.4 Electrode tip geometry

In one implementation, each electrode defines a dry EEG electrode comprising a substrate, a set of conductive bristles (e.g., short bristles, long bristles, or flat or domed conductive ends), and an amplifier coupled to the substrate opposite the conductive bristles. In another implementation, the electrode tip 130 defines a conductive probe 134 configured to electrically couple to a user's head and an insulating boss 136 configured to contact the user's head and transfer the weight of the headset to the user's head.

3.5 Photoelectric sensor housing

In one variation of the electrode body 120, the cover defines a cover aperture. The circuit 123 includes a photosensor element (e.g., photodiode, bipolar phototransistor, or photofet) near the coverage hole. The light sensor elements are configured to detect light signals corresponding to properties of the detected light (e.g., intensity, color, pulse frequency when strobe (strobe) is used, length of exposure time, etc.) to convert the light signals into electrical signals and transmit the electrical signals to the controller 102, which controller 102 is configured to track and process the light stimulus data as described below. The photosensor housing can be interchanged with the electrode body 120 or bridge housing, as described below. For example, in this variation, the headset may be assembled with the photosensor housing in preparation for EEG testing of a given strobe stimulus. The headset may then be reassembled without the photosensor housing to reduce the weight of the headset, reduce the complexity of the headset, or replace the photosensor housing with a vibrating housing including a vibrator in preparation for EEG testing for a given tactile stimulus.

3.6 Bridge housing

In one variation, the housing includes elements electrically connected to a set of spring elements 104. The bridge housing serves to connect the electrode bodies 105 adjacent to the bridge housing to each other. The bridge housing may include a circuit 123, which circuit 123 is configured to boost or amplify the input signal and transmit the boosted signal as an output to the controller 102. In general, the bridge housing 121 includes annular pads similar to the other electrode bodies 120, and thus may be used to reduce the electrode pressure exerted by the adjacent electrode bodies 120 on the scalp of a user by supporting a portion of the weight of the adjacent electrode bodies 120.

3.7 External connecting casing + chin strap (chinstrap)

Typically, the external connection housing includes an external connection to the controller and the power source. The headset 101 includes external connections for transmitting data and receiving power. An external connection cable connects the external connection housing to the controller 102. Signals from a set of electrode bodies 105 are transmitted to the controller 102 through the external connection cable. In one implementation, the external connection and chin strap housing are physically coextensive, and the system includes external connection and chin strap housing at the T3 and T4 locations.

In another implementation, an external connection housing may be placed at the O1 and O2 locations, and one or more external connection cables are routed to the controller 102. However, the external connection housing may be placed in any location to maximize the quality of the electrical signal transmitted from the EEG headset based on the location of the user.

In one variation, the body of the electrode body 120 configured for placement near the temple of the user (e.g., the T3 or T4 position) further includes a strap receiver configured to selectively receive and retain the distal end of the adjustable chin strap.

Typically, during the recording of an EEG, it may be necessary to secure the headset on the user. Because of the sensitivity required to accurately measure local neural oscillations on the skin to record an accurate EEG, it is desirable that the electrode tips 130 do not move relative to their initial position on the user's head during EEG recording. To reduce unwanted movement of the electrode tip 130 during EEG measurements, a fixation strap (e.g., chin strap, flexible jaw strap, chest strap) is secured to one or more of the electrode bodies 120 and to the user.

In one example, the system may include: a T3 electrode body 120 defining a first band receiver; a T4 electrode body 120 defining a second ribbon receiver; a first insert pivotably coupled to the proximal end 112 of the adjustable chin strap and configured to be inserted into the first strap receiver and fixedly couple the proximal end 112 of the adjustable chin strap to the T3 electrode body 120; and a second insert pivotably coupled to the distal end 114 of the adjustable chin strap, configured to insert into the second strap receiver and fixedly couple the distal end 114 of the adjustable chin strap to the T4 electrode body 120.

In another example, the first electrode body 120 includes an electrode tip 130 in contact with the user's head, the electrode tip 130 positioned at a first mastoid reference (mastoid reference) proximal to a first ear of the user; the second electrode body 120 includes an electrode tip 130 in contact with the user's head, the electrode tip 130 being positioned at a second mastoid reference proximal to the user's second ear and including an accelerometer 127; and the controller 102 is electrically coupled to the headset 101 via the second electrode body 120. The accelerometer is configured to measure movement of the user's head during EEG measurements (e.g., during seizures or other unintentional movements), and to transmit signals describing the measured movement to the controller.

Thus, by connecting the controller 102 to the headset 101 via the electrode body 120 positioned at one side of the user's head (e.g., T3, T4), the system 100 enables the user to lie on his back or on his side (as opposed to the connection of the controller) without sandwiching an external connection wire between the user and the bed surface and causing discomfort. Thus, the user can engage in extended EEG tests, such as sleep studies, with greater comfort.

3.8 Electrode housing position

In one implementation, an EEG headset includes a set of electrodes connected via a set of spring elements 104 and arranged in an international 10-20 pattern. A first subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., two electrode bodies) may include five spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, and 180 ° positions) and a ribbon connector (e.g., at 270 ° positions), and may be configured to be positioned at the T3 and T4 positions. The second subset of electrode bodies (e.g., three electrode bodies) may include four spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at Fz, cz, and Pz positions. A third subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., two electrode bodies) may include three spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 °, 90 °, and 180 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at FpZ and Oz positions. A fourth subset of the electrode bodies (e.g., fourteen electrode bodies) may include two spring receptacles (e.g., at 0 ° and 180 ° positions) and may be configured to be positioned at Fp1, F7, T5, O1, O2, T6, F8, fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4 positions. At position T3, the 5-position electrode body 120 may be connected to 4 spring elements, one chin strap, and an external connection cable. At position T4, the 5-position electrode body 120 may be connected to 4 spring elements and one chin strap. At positions Fz, cz and Pz, the 4-position electrode body 120 may be connected to adjacent electrodes via spring elements 110 arranged along the inner and outer planes. In this implementation, at locations Fp1, F7, T5, O1, O2, T6, F8, and Fp2, the 2-position electrode body 120 may be connected to adjacent electrodes along a circumferential path via the spring element 110. At positions F3, F4, C3, C4, P3 and P4, the 2-position electrode body 120 may be connected to adjacent electrodes along a lateral path via the spring element 110. At position Fpz, the 3-position photosensor housing 121 can be connected to adjacent electrodes along an inboard plane and a circumferential path. In one variation, the housing 121 positioned at Fpz is a 2-position photosensor housing 121 connected to adjacent electrodes along a circumferential path. In another variation, the housing 121 positioned at Fpz is a bridge housing 121. In another variation, the housing 121 positioned at Fpz is the electrode body 120. At position Oz, the 3-position bridge housing 121 may be connected to adjacent electrodes along an inboard plane and circumferential path. In one variation, the housing 121 positioned at Oz is a 2-position bridge housing 121 connected to adjacent electrodes along a circumferential path. In one variation, the 2-position electrode body 120 may be connected to adjacent electrodes via spring elements 110 arranged at positions Fz, cz and Pz along the medial plane. In another variation, the housing 121 positioned at Oz is the electrode body 120.

However, an EEG headset may comprise a set of electrodes connected via a set of spring elements 104 and arranged in a pattern different from the international 10-20 standard pattern, or an additional housing 121 (and necessary spring elements for support) in other locations on the head.

3.9 Additional housing configuration

As described above, each electrode body 120 may include a base configured for assembly within a single electrode location or within a small subset of electrode locations. Thus, the system may include multiple sets of unique electrode bodies 120.

Conversely, the first electrode body 120 of the system may comprise the same base as the base of the second electrode body 120 and may comprise a receiving element position configured to receive and retain all permutations of spring elements, chin strap receiver and external cable combinations to form a complete 10-20EEG headset. For example, each electrode body 120 may include a set of receiving elements positioned at 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, and 315 ° in a radially symmetric pattern. In this example, the system may further include a set of inserts configured to be positioned within the electrode body of the headset and enclose unused receiving elements within the electrode body to prevent hair from becoming entangled within the unused receiving elements.

In one implementation, the electrode body 120 may be configured to orient the spring element to the housing 121 at an oblique angle to accommodate the curvature of the user's head. For example, the electrode body 120 may define a housing 121, the housing 121 including a spring element receiver 126, the spring element receiver 126 being disposed at a circumferential surface 125 of the housing 121 and configured to connect the spring element 110 to the housing 121 at an oblique angle. In one variation, the angled orientation of the spring element receiver 126 cooperates with the angle of the arcuate segment of the spring element 110 to create an angle between the spring element 110 and the housing 121 that best matches the curvature of the head of the plurality of users, resulting in a more comfortable headset 101 for the plurality of users.

4. Spring element

In general, the system includes a set of spring elements 104 configured to: mechanically coupling adjacent electrodes; expansion and contraction to accommodate different head sizes and shapes; and positioning adjacent electrodes in a relative position that approximates an EEG standard (e.g., a 10-20 system).

In one implementation, the spring elements 110 are arranged in a serpentine shape to constitute a flat spring. In particular, the spring element 110 is arranged in an alternating writing mode (boustrophedonic pattern) in which the spring element 110 extends in a first direction, bends 90 ° and extends a distance in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, then bends 180 ° and extends in a third direction parallel to and opposite to the second direction, then bends 180 ° and extends in the second direction, then bends 90 ° and extends in the first direction. In addition, adjacent and nominally parallel segments of the spring element 110 are offset, and each return end of the spring element 110, which is characterized by a large and smooth curve, maintains a gap between the adjacent segments and the return ends to reduce or eliminate pinch points that may catch or pull the user's hair when wearing the headset.

4.1 Linear extension

In one implementation, the system 100 includes: a first spring element 110 defining a first ridge 111 exhibiting a first spring rate; and a second spring element 110 defining a second ridge 111 exhibiting a second spring rate different from the first spring rate. The first spring element 110 cooperates with the second spring element 110 to limit the spacing of the set of electrode bodies 105 so that the set of electrode bodies 105 are reproducibly positioned at a set of locations on the user's head for a range of head sizes.

In one example, a first spring element 110 of a first spring rate is disposed between a first electrode body 120 at a T3 electrode location and a second electrode body 120 at a C3 electrode location, and a second spring element 110 of a second spring rate is disposed between the first electrode body 120 and a third electrode body 120 at a T5 electrode location. The first distance between the T3 electrode position and the C3 electrode position is greater than the second distance between the T3 electrode position and the T5 electrode position. Thus, it is desirable that the first spring element 110 extends a greater distance than the second spring element 110. The lower spring rate of the first spring element 110 results in a larger change in position between the electrode body 120 at the T3 electrode position and the electrode body 120 at the C3 electrode position than the electrode body 120 at the T3 electrode position and the electrode body 120 at the T5 electrode position.

In another implementation, the first spring element 110 includes a cross section of a first thickness and the second spring element 110 includes a cross section of a second thickness that is less than the first thickness. Thus, the second spring element 110 exhibits a lower spring rate than the first spring element 110.

In another implementation, the first spring element 110 includes a first number of turns and the second spring element 110 includes a second number of turns that is less than the first number of turns. Thus, when tension is applied to the spring element 110, the second spring element 110 extends a shorter distance than the first spring element 110, and the second spring element 110 exhibits a lower spring rate than the first spring element 110.

In another implementation, the first spring element 110 includes a first return radius (return radius), and the second spring element 110 includes a second return radius that is less than the first return radius. Thus, the second spring element 110 exhibits a higher spring rate than the first spring element 110.

In another implementation, the first spring element 110 includes a first inter-turn length (length between turns) and the second spring element 110 includes a second inter-turn length that is less than the first inter-turn length. Thus, when tension is applied to the spring element 110, the second spring element 110 extends a shorter distance (e.g., exhibits a lower spring rate) than the first spring element 110.

In another implementation, the spring element 110 may incorporate a cross-section having a varying thickness or varying return radius to produce different spring rates depending on travel to construct the spring element 110 with a non-uniform bending pattern.

4.2 Corner bending

In another implementation as shown in fig. 3A-3B, the spring element 110 is configured with a first arcuate segment 113 having a first elasticity positioned at the proximal end 112 and a second arcuate segment 115 having a second elasticity positioned at the distal end 114. The first and second arcuate segments 113, 115 enable the spring element 110 to bend in a second degree of freedom (e.g., angular bending) in addition to the first degree of freedom (e.g., longitudinal extension of the serpentine geometry via the center segment). The angular bending of the spring element 110 enables the headset 101 to more closely conform to the curvature of the user's head, thereby increasing user comfort, especially during prolonged wear (e.g., sleep studies).

For example, the first spring element 110 having the first elastic first segment 113 and the first elastic second segment 115 is disposed between the first electrode body 120 at the C3 electrode position and the second electrode body 120 at the Cz electrode position, and the second spring element 110 having the second elastic first segment 113 and the second elastic second segment 115 is disposed between the first electrode body 120 and the third electrode body 120 at the T3 electrode position. The first curvature of the user's head between the C3 electrode position and the Cz electrode position is greater than the second curvature of the user's head between the C3 electrode position and the T3 electrode position, thus requiring the first arcuate segment 113 and the second arcuate segment 115 of the first spring element 110 to flex a greater distance than the first arcuate segment 113 and the second arcuate segment 115 of the second spring element 110.

In one implementation, the set of spring elements 104 includes a first spring element 110, the first spring element 110 including a first arcuate segment 113 of a first elasticity and a second arcuate segment 115 of a second elasticity greater than the first elasticity. The first spring element 110 is configured to be mechanically coupled to the first electrode body 120 proximal to the first arcuate segment 113; positioning the first electrode body 120 proximal to a first location on the user's head that exhibits a first curvature; coupled to the second electrode body 120 proximal to the second arcuate segment 115; and positioning the second electrode body 120 proximal to a second location on the user's head that exhibits a second curvature that is greater than the first curvature.

For example, the spring element 110 includes a proximal end 112 defining a first arcuate segment 113 of a first elasticity and a distal end 114 defining a second arcuate segment 115 of a second elasticity greater than the first elasticity, disposed between a first electrode body 120 at the T3 electrode location and a second electrode body 120 at the C3 electrode location. The curvature of the user's head proximal to the C3 electrode location is greater than the curvature of the user's head proximal to the C3 electrode location. The spring element 110 is coupled to the first electrode body 120 at T3 via the proximal end 112 and to the electrode body 120 at C3 via the distal end 114. Based on the curvature of the user's head, the spring element 110 exhibits a greater angular curvature at the second arcuate segment 115 than at the first arcuate segment 113. Accordingly, the spring element 110 may include a first arcuate segment 113 and a second arcuate segment 115, the first arcuate segment 113 and the second arcuate segment 115 being configured to independently bend at different bending angles that conform to the curvature of the user's head.

In another variation, the system 100 includes a set of spring elements 104, the set of spring elements 104 including a first spring element 110 and a second spring element, the first spring element 110 including: the first spring element defines a first proximal arcuate segment that is curved at a first angular magnitude and a first distal arcuate segment that is curved at a first angular magnitude, and the second spring element defines a second proximal arcuate segment that is curved at a second angular magnitude and a second distal arcuate segment that is curved at a second angular magnitude. The first spring element cooperates with the second spring element to limit angular bending of a set of electrodes to reproducibly position the set of electrodes at a set of locations on the user's head for a range of head shapes (e.g., overall head curvature, local curvature).

In one example, where a localized region of the user's head exhibits a low curvature (e.g., flatter), the electrode body 120 positioned at Cz and the Pz electrode position in the 10-20 system line are collinear, and the electrode body 120 at Pz is tilted relative to the electrode body at Cz. The spring element 100 includes a proximal end 112 having a first arcuate segment 113, the first arcuate segment 113 defining a 90 degree bend between the serpentine geometry of the central segment 116 and the electrode body 120 at Cz, thereby collinearly disposing the electrode body 120 and the spring element 120 at Cz. Distal end 114 of spring element 120 defines an oblique bend and is coupled to electrode body 120 at Pz to match the curvature of the user's head.

Thus, the first spring element 110 may be bent at a first angle at the first arcuate segment 113 and at a second angle at the second arcuate segment 115 to accommodate the curvature of the user's head. The degree of freedom enabled by the angular bending of the flexible arcuate section of the spring element 110 may enable the headset 101 to more closely conform to the curvature of the user's head. Further, the resilience of the first and second arcuate segments 113, 115 may be configured to conform to multiple curvatures, thereby accommodating multiple user heads without requiring reconfiguration of the headset 101.

In another example where the user's head has a first size, the headset 101 includes: a first spring element defining a first central segment extending a first linear magnitude, a proximal end including a first arcuate segment curved a first angular magnitude, and a distal end including a second arcuate end curved a second angular magnitude; and a second spring element including a second central segment extending a second linear magnitude greater than the first linear magnitude, a second proximal end including a third arcuate segment curved to a third angular magnitude less than the first angular magnitude, and a second distal end including a fourth arcuate end curved to a fourth angular magnitude less than the second angular magnitude.

Thus, the headset 101 may include a set of spring elements 104, the set of spring elements 104 including the spring elements 110 capable of extending a range of magnitudes that can accommodate a range of head sizes for multiple users, eliminating the need to reconfigure the headset 101 between applications for multiple users or customize the headset 101 for each particular user.

4.3 Spring element fabrication

In one implementation, the spring element 110 may be formed of an injection molded polymer and may be arranged in a serpentine shape to form a flat spring. The spring element 110 also includes a channel that can receive a cable. In another implementation, the spring element 110 may be formed of metal, plastic, or a composite material. In another implementation, as shown in fig. 3A-3B, the spring element 110 further includes an insulating layer 119, the insulating layer 119 encapsulating the conductive element 117 and the central section 116 of the spring element 110. In one example, the insulating layer 119 is additionally waterproof. Furthermore, the connection interface between the spring element 110 and the electrode body 120, as well as any other gaps in the electrode body 120, are sealed to be waterproof, enabling the headset to be immersed in liquid (e.g., soap and water, disinfectant solution) and cleaned without disassembly.

4.4 Cable routing

In one implementation, the spring element 110 includes a hollow cross-section that configures a traversable cavity from a proximal end 112 of the spring element 110 to a distal end 114 of the spring element 110 opposite the proximal end 112. The cable may be disposed within the cavity. In one variation, the spring element 110 includes a U-shaped cross-section that is open to the exterior of the spring element 110. For example, the open U-shaped cross-section may enable an assembler to insert a cable into the channel to facilitate assembly, thereby reducing assembly costs. In another variation, after insertion of the cable, the spring element 110 and the junction between the spring element 110 and the electrode body 120 are hermetically sealed.

In another implementation, the spring element 110 defines a ridge 111 and a conductive element 117, the conductive element 117 defining a flexible PCB (e.g., a flexible printed circuit/FCP) mounted on one face of the ridge 111. The conductive element 117 terminates at the proximal end 112 and distal end 114 of the spring element 110 at an electrical coupling configured to couple the conductive element 117 to the electrical circuitry 123 of the electrode body 120. For example, as shown in fig. 3A-3B, the spring element 110 includes: a central section 116 defining a ridge 111; and a conductive element 117 defining a flexible printed circuit board coupled to the proximal end 112 and the distal end 114 and extending along the spine 111 between the proximal end 112 and the distal end 114.

In another implementation, the conductive element 117 defining the flexible PCB is mounted on one face of the ridge 111 defining the central section 116 of the double loop serpentine (two-loop serpentine). The flexible PCB is mounted on a first face of the spine 111 and connected to a first electrical coupling at the proximal end 112. Due to the geometry of the double loop serpentine, the flexible PCB transitions to a second face of the spine opposite the first face to connect to a second electrical coupling at the distal end 114. The flexible PCB transitions at a conductive element transfer (transfer) 118 located on the central section between the proximal end 112 and the distal end 114. The conductive element transfer portion 118 defines a length of flexible PCB that is connected to a first section of the conductive element 117 that extends along the ridge 111 to the proximal end 112, performs a 90 degree turn toward the edge of the ridge 111, curls from the edge of the ridge to a second face opposite the first face, performs a second 90 degree turn toward the length of the ridge 111, and is connected to a second section of the conductive element 117 that extends along the ridge to the distal end 114.

In one example, as shown in fig. 3B, the spring element 110 includes: a central segment comprising a first ridge defining a double loop serpentine structure; and a first conductive element defining a proximal connector extending from a proximal end of the first spine and configured to electrically couple to the first electrical circuit, a proximal section coupled to and extending from the proximal connector along the first face of the spine, a conductive element transfer extending between the first face of the spine and the second face of the spine across a spine edge intermediate the proximal section, a distal section coupled to and extending from the conductive element transfer along the second face of the spine, and a distal connector coupled to and extending from a distal end of the first spine and configured to electrically couple to the second electrical circuit. The spring element 110 may also include an insulating layer surrounding the conductive element and the ridge. In addition, the spring element 110 including the center section 116 having an even number of turns (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 12) includes a conductive element transfer portion 118.

In another implementation, the spring element 110 includes a central section 116, the central section 116 including ridges 111 defining a tricyclic serpentine structure. A conductive element 111 is disposed on the first face of the spine and extends between the proximal and distal ends. The spring element 110 may also include an insulating layer surrounding the conductive element and the ridge. Because of the geometry of the tricyclic serpentine structure, the conductive element 117 does not require a conductive element transfer 118 to connect with the proximal and distal electrical connectors. In addition, the spring element 110, which includes a center section having an odd number of turns (e.g., 1, 3, 7, 11), includes a conductive element 117 mounted to only one face of the spine 111.

4.5 Distribution and adjustment of spring elements

In general, the system may include a set of springs configured to connect adjacent electrodes, the set of springs characterized by a spring rate inversely proportional to the magnitude of the change in distance between adjacent electrodes necessary to achieve an electrode standard (e.g., a 10-20EEG standard) in a population of users having different head sizes and shapes. In particular, in an international 10-20 system, the electrode at location F3 may vary more than the electrode at location T5. Spring element 110 having a first spring rate may connect the electrode at location F3 to the electrodes at locations T3 and Fz, and spring element 110 having a second spring rate greater than the first spring rate may connect the electrode at location T5 to the electrodes at locations T3 and O1. Typically, when the headset is bent, the electrodes positioned at the medial locations (e.g., fpz, fz, cz, pz and Oz) will remain on the medial plane, and the spring elements connected to either side of the electrodes in the lateral direction may be bent equally in both directions.

In one example, the system 100 includes a first spring element 110 and a second spring element 110, the first spring element 110 including a first ridge 111 exhibiting a first spring rate corresponding to a first electrode spacing ratio of 10% of a distance between a first flag and a second flag on a surface of a user's head, the second spring element 110 including a second ridge 111 exhibiting a second spring rate corresponding to a second electrode spacing ratio of 20% of a distance between the first flag and the second flag on a surface of a user's head.

In one implementation, an EEG headset includes a set of electrode bodies connected in a chain pattern by spring elements. The chain pattern of the connection of the electrode body 120 and the spring element 110 is defined as: the proximal end 112 of the first spring element 110 is connected to the first electrode body 120, the distal end 114 of the first spring element 110 is connected to the second electrode body 120, the proximal end 112 of the second spring element 110 is connected to the second electrode body 120 opposite the first spring element 110, and the distal end 114 of the second spring element 110 is connected to the third electrode body 120, and so on. As described above, the first set of spring elements 104 having the first spring rate may connect the electrode bodies in a chain pattern along a circumferential path around the user's head, with the following connections: fpz is connected to Fp1, fp1 is connected to F7, F7 is connected to T3, T3 is connected to T5, T5 is connected to O1, O1 is connected to Oz, oz is connected to O2, O2 is connected to T6, T6 is connected to T4, T4 is connected to F8, F8 is connected to Fp2, and Fp2 is connected to Fpz. A second set of spring elements 104 having a second spring rate less than the first spring rate may connect the electrodes along the medial path in the following pattern: fpz is connected to Fz, fz is connected to Cz, cz is connected to Pz, and Pz is connected to Oz. The third set of spring elements 104 having the second spring rate may connect the electrodes along the outboard path in the following pattern: t3 is connected to F3, F3 is connected to Fz, fz is connected to F4, and F4 is connected to T4. The fourth set of spring elements 104 having the second spring rate may connect the electrodes along the outboard path in the following pattern: t3 is connected to C3, C3 is connected to Cz, cz is connected to C4, and C4 is connected to T4. The fifth set of spring elements 104 having the second spring rate may connect the electrodes along the outboard path in the following pattern: t3 is connected to P3, P3 is connected to Pz, pz is connected to P4, and P4 is connected to T4. In one variation, the inner electrodes Fpz, fz, cz, pz and Oz are connected to adjacent electrodes along only the outer path (e.g., fp1, fp2; F3, F4). In another variation, a set of spring elements 104 of another spring rate is used in the same connection mode.

In another variation, a set of spring elements includes a set of spring elements 104 of different spring rates and is included in an EEG headset. The operator may assemble the electrode body and spring element into a custom EEG headset unique to the user. However, the system may include a set of springs and electrode bodies configured in any pattern to connect the electrodes to maintain the electrode position in the 10-20EEG standard.

5. Additional support member

In one implementation, the system may include a resilient support member proximal to the perimeter of the EEG headset to maintain electrode positions in the 10-20EEG standard and to prevent movement of the headset relative to the scalp of the user if the user moves. For example, the elastic support member may be attached to the electrode body 120 at Fpz, around the perimeter of the user's head and attached to the electrode body 120 at Oz, and then around the opposite side of the user's head and attached to Fpz. In another variation, the elastic member may be attached to a set of electrodes at Fpz (or adjacent electrode locations) and then attached to a set of electrodes at Oz (or adjacent electrode locations).

6. Controller for controlling a power supply

In one implementation, the EEG headset comprises a controller 102 connected to an external connection housing 121 via an external connection cable, the controller 102 comprising: the circuit, the processor, the storage device, the memory and the external device are connected. The controller 102 may be configured to receive electrical signals from a set of electrodes, process the electrical signals to produce an output, and transmit the output to an output device (e.g., a monitor or computer) for further processing, analysis, or display of the output.

In another example, a headset 101 worn by a user during testing may be connected to the controller 102. The controller 102 may be connected to a monitor that displays the data output. The electrodes may generate electrical signals that are transmitted to the controller 102 as the test proceeds. The controller 102 then processes these electrical signals into monitor readable outputs. The controller 102 then transmits the output to the monitor and the monitor displays the data output to the technician performing the test. Thus, the controller 102 houses electrical components at locations other than the user's head that do not require proximity to the electrodes in order for the electrodes to function (e.g., signal processing, power supply), resulting in an EEG headset that is comfortable to wear for a long period of time. In one variation, the controller 102 is miniaturized, lightweight, and is disposed within one of the bridge housings.

The systems and methods described herein may be at least partially embodied and/or implemented as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. The instructions may be executed by a computer-executable component integrated with an application, applet, host, server, network, website, communications service, communications interface, hardware/firmware/software element of a user computer or mobile device, wristwatch, smart phone, or any suitable combination thereof. Other systems and methods of embodiments may be at least partially embodied and/or implemented as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. The instructions may be executed by a computer-executable component integrated with a device and network of the type described above. The computer-readable medium may be stored on any suitable computer-readable medium (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, EEPROM, an optical device (CD or DVD), a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, or any suitable device). The computer-executable components may be processors, but any suitable special purpose hardware devices may (alternatively or additionally) execute the instructions.

As will be recognized by those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description and from the accompanying drawings and claims, modifications and changes may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for positioning an electrode on a user's head, the system comprising a headset comprising:

A set of electrode bodies configured to detect an electroencephalographic signal from the head of the user; and

A set of spring elements resiliently interconnecting the set of electrode bodies and configured to position the set of electrode bodies on the head of the user, each spring element of the set of spring elements comprising:

a ridge defining:

A proximal end, the proximal end:

including a proximal arcuate segment extending about a first axis and configured to elastically deform about the first axis to accommodate a curvature of the user's head; and

Including a proximal electrical connector configured to electrically couple to a first circuit within a first electrode body of the set of electrode bodies;

a distal end, the distal end:

Including a distal arcuate segment extending about a second axis and configured to elastically deform about the second axis to accommodate curvature of the user's head; and

Including a distal electrical connector configured to electrically couple to a second circuit within a second electrode body of the set of electrode bodies; and

A center section, the center section:

Comprising a serpentine geometry extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and

Is configured to elastically deform between the first axis and the second axis to accommodate a size of the user's head; and

A conductive element extending from the proximal end along the central section to the distal end and configured to conduct electrical signals between the first electrode body and the second electrode body.

2. The system of claim 1:

wherein the set of spring elements comprises a first spring element comprising:

A first center segment extending a first linear magnitude;

a first proximal end comprising a first arcuate segment curved by a first angular magnitude; and

A first distal end comprising a second arcuate end curved by a second angular magnitude; and

Wherein the set of spring elements comprises a second spring element comprising:

a second center section extending a second linear magnitude greater than the first linear magnitude;

A second proximal end comprising a third arcuate segment that curves a third angular amplitude, the third angular amplitude being less than the first angular amplitude; and

A second distal end comprising a fourth arcuate end curved a fourth angular extent, the fourth angular extent being less than the second angular extent.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein each spring element of the set of spring elements further comprises an insulating layer surrounding a conductive element and a central section of the spring element.

4. The system of claim 1:

Wherein the set of spring elements comprises a first spring element comprising a first ridge exhibiting a first spring rate;

Wherein the set of spring elements includes a second spring element including a second ridge exhibiting a second spring rate different from the first spring rate; and

Wherein the first spring element cooperates with the second spring element to limit the spacing of a set of electrode bodies to reproducibly position the set of electrode bodies at a set of positions on a user's head for a range of head sizes.

5. The system of claim 4:

wherein the first spring element comprises a first ridge exhibiting a first spring rate corresponding to a first electrode spacing ratio of 10% of a distance between a first marker and a second marker on a surface of a user's head; and

Wherein the second spring element comprises a second ridge exhibiting a second spring rate corresponding to a second electrode spacing ratio on a surface of the user's head of 20% of the distance between the first and second markers.

6. The system of claim 1:

wherein the set of spring elements comprises a first spring element comprising:

A first proximal arcuate segment that is curved by a first angular extent; and

A first distal arcuate segment that bends the first angular amplitude;

A second proximal arcuate segment that is curved by a second angular magnitude; and

A second distal arcuate segment that bends the second angular magnitude; and

Wherein the first spring element cooperates with the second spring element to limit angular bending of a set of electrodes to reproducibly position the set of electrodes at a set of positions on a user's head for a range of head shapes.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of spring elements comprises a first spring element,

The first spring element comprises:

a first arcuate segment having a first elasticity; and

A second arcuate segment having a second elasticity greater than the first elasticity; and

The first spring element is configured to:

mechanically coupled to the first electrode body proximal to the first arcuate segment;

positioning the first electrode body proximal to a first location on a user's head that exhibits a first curvature;

Mechanically coupled to a second electrode body proximal to the second arcuate segment; and

Positioning the second electrode body proximal to a second location of the user's head, the second location exhibiting a second curvature that is greater than the first curvature.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of spring elements comprises a first spring element comprising:

a first central segment including a ridge defining a proximal end and a distal end; and

A first conductive element defining a flexible printed circuit board coupled to the proximal end and the distal end and extending between the proximal end and the distal end along the ridge.

9. The system of claim 8:

Wherein the first central segment comprises a first ridge defining a double loop serpentine structure; and

Wherein the first conductive element comprises:

a proximal connector extending from a proximal end of the first ridge and configured to electrically couple to a first circuit;

a proximal section coupled to and extending from the proximal connector along the first face of the spine;

A conductive element transfer extending between the first face of the spine and the second face of the spine across an edge of the spine intermediate the proximal segments;

A distal section coupled to and extending from the conductive element transfer portion along the second face of the spine;

A distal connector coupled to the distal section and extending from a distal end of the first ridge, and configured to electrically couple to a second circuit; and

Further comprising an insulating material surrounding the conductive element and the ridge.

10. The system of claim 8:

Wherein the ridges define a tricyclic snake-like structure;

Wherein the conductive element is disposed on the first face of the spine and extends between the proximal end and the distal end; and

An insulating layer surrounding the conductive element and the ridge is also included.

11. A system for positioning an electrode on a user's head, the system comprising a headset comprising:

a set of electrode bodies, each electrode body of the set of electrode bodies comprising:

A housing defining an electrode interface configured to receive an electrode tip and electrically coupled to the electrode tip; and

A circuit disposed within the housing and electrically coupled to the electrode interface;

a set of spring elements, each spring element of the set of spring elements:

a serpentine geometry extending between a first electrode body and a second electrode body in the set of electrode bodies;

configured to elastically deform between the first electrode body and the second electrode body; and

Configured to transmit an electrical signal between a first circuit in the first electrode body and a second circuit in the second electrode body;

A set of electrode tips, each electrode tip of the set of electrode tips comprising:

An electrode base comprising a conductive material, configured to be transiently mounted on the housing, and configured to be electrically coupled to the electrode interface;

a spring beam comprising the conductive material and extending from the electrode base;

A conductive probe that:

is arranged at a distal end of the elastic beam opposite to the electrode base;

Defining a first contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to the head of the user; and

Is configured to conduct electrical signals from the head of the user to the electrode interface via the elastic beam and the electrode base; and

A boss, the boss:

comprises an insulating material;

extending from the electrode base opposite the electrode interface; and

A second contact area is defined that is larger than the first contact area, is configured to contact the user's head, and carries the weight of the headset to the user's head.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of electrode tips comprises a first electrode tip comprising:

a first spring beam comprising a conductive material and extending from a first electrode base;

A first conductive probe that:

is arranged on a distal end of the first elastic beam opposite to the first electrode base;

Configured to conduct an electrical signal from the head of the user to the first electrode interface via the first spring beam and the first electrode base;

A first boss, the first boss:

comprises an insulating material;

extending from the first electrode base opposite the first electrode interface; and

Defining a second contact area, the second contact area being larger than the first contact area, configured to contact the user's head, and to carry the weight of the headset to the user's head;

a second spring beam surrounding the first spring beam, including the conductive material and extending from the first electrode base;

a second conductive probe, the second conductive probe:

Is arranged on the distal end of the second elastic beam opposite to the electrode base;

Defining a third contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to the head of the user; and

Configured to conduct an electrical signal from the user's head to the first electrode interface via the second spring beam and the first electrode base; and

A second boss surrounding the first boss, the second boss:

Comprising the insulating material;

A fourth contact area is defined that is larger than the third contact area, is configured to contact the head of the user, and carries the weight of the headset to the head of the user.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of electrode tips comprises a first electrode tip comprising a spring beam coupled to the electrode base via a curved joint configured to:

in an unloaded state, extending the conductive probe toward a surface of the head; and

In the loaded state, the conductive probe is retracted into the recess adjacent the boss.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of electrode tips comprises a first electrode tip comprising a unitary structure defining:

an electrode base comprising a conductive polymer and configured to be transiently mounted on the housing and electrically coupled to the electrode interface;

An integrated spring beam extending from the electrode base, the integrated spring beam comprising:

a conductive polymer; and

An insulating polymer bonded to the conductive polymer and encapsulating the conductive polymer between the electrode base and distal end;

an integrated conductive probe that:

is arranged at a distal end of the elastic beam opposite to the electrode base;

The integrated conductive probe includes:

the conductive polymer extending from the first contact region to the distal end; and

The insulating polymer being bonded to the conductive polymer and encapsulating the conductive polymer between the first contact region and the spring beam; and

An integrated boss, the integrated boss:

comprising the insulating polymer;

extending from the electrode base opposite the electrode interface; and

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first electrode tip further comprises a center electrode tip that:

extending from the electrode base;

defining a third contact region configured to contact and electrically couple to the head of the user;

including the conductive polymer exposed at the third contact region and extending and electrically coupled to the electrode base;

comprising the insulating polymer bonded to the conductive polymer and encapsulating the conductive polymer between the third contact region and the electrode base; and

Is configured to contact the head of the user and conduct electrical signals from the head of the user to the first electrode interface via the first electrode base.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the set of electrode bodies comprises a first electrode body comprising a unitary structure comprising:

A housing comprising an insulating polymer;

an electrode interface comprising a conductive polymer; and

An electromagnetic shield, the electromagnetic shield:

comprising a conductive polymer;

Extending from the electrode interface toward the head of the user, radially offset from and surrounding the boss; and

Is configured to shield the conductive probe from external electromagnetic radiation.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of electrode tips comprises a first electrode tip comprising:

An elastic beam, the elastic beam:

mounted at a proximal end to the electrode base; and

Comprising a conductive polymer;

A conductive probe that:

mounted to the spring beam at a distal end;

comprising a conductive polymer extending from a first contact area to the spring beam; and

Configured to electrically couple the first contact region to the electrode base via the spring beam; and

A boss, the boss:

Are mounted to the electrode base and radially offset from the conductive probe and the spring beam, respectively;

Comprising an insulating polymer; and

Extending from the electrode base.

18. The system of claim 11:

wherein the set of electrode bodies comprises a first electrode body comprising a housing defining a first magnetic element arranged at the electrode interface; and

Wherein the set of electrode tips comprises a first electrode tip comprising an electrode base comprising a second magnetic element configured to transiently couple the first magnetic element to hold the electrode tip on the housing via a magnetic connection and to freely rotate about an axis perpendicular to the electrode interface.

19. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of electrode bodies comprises a first electrode body comprising a housing comprising a spring element receiver:

is arranged on a circumferential surface of the housing; and

Is configured to couple the spring element to the housing at an oblique angle.

20. The system of claim 11:

wherein the set of electrode bodies comprises a first electrode body comprising an electrode tip in contact with the head of the user, the electrode tip positioned at a first mastoid reference proximal to a first ear of the user;

wherein the set of electrode bodies includes a second electrode body including:

an electrode tip in contact with the user's head positioned at a second mastoid reference proximal to the user's second ear; and

An accelerometer; and

Wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the headset via the second electrode body.