CN1179780C - Method for purifying high-temp. smoke from garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Method for purifying high-temp. smoke from garbage incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1179780C
CN1179780C CNB021510261A CN02151026A CN1179780C CN 1179780 C CN1179780 C CN 1179780C CN B021510261 A CNB021510261 A CN B021510261A CN 02151026 A CN02151026 A CN 02151026A CN 1179780 C CN1179780 C CN 1179780C
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flue gas
temperature
soda
lime
gas
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CN1422689A (en
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陈德珍
朱彤
张鹤声
茅清希
林瑜
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for purifying fume with high temperature from a garbage incinerator The the prior art for purifying the tail fume from the garbage incinerator has the problems of the high temperature corrosion of a heating surface, the de novo generation of the toxic pollutant of dioxin, etc. In the method of the present invention, lime modified by sodium alkali is put in the flue gas which is exhausted from the garbage incinerator and has the temperature of 600 to 800 DEG C, so acidic gas in the fume is absorbed by reacting with the lime modified by the sodium alkali; then, solid reaction products are gathered together with fly ash carried by the flue gas in a high-temperature dust remover, the solid reaction products and the fly ash are separated with the fume, and the purified fume enters a heating surface for releasing heat and being cooled. Thereby, the high temperature corrosion of the heating surface and the synthesis of the toxic organic substance of the dioxin in the flue gas are avoided, the toxicity of the gathered fly ash and gathered products from the purification of the fume is reduced, and the present invention has the advantages of simple technique, low cost and good effect.

Description

A kind of incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method, be used for purifying the incinerator discharged flue gas that uses rubbish from various.
Background technology
Acid gas-containing HCl in the incinerator flue gas (abbreviation flue gas), Cl 2, SO 2With multiple pollutants such as flying dust, heavy metal and organic matters.The flue gas of garbage furnace purifier of existing band residual neat recovering system all is installed between back-end surfaces and the chimney, as typical dry method, semidry method and wet type flue gas purification system (A.John Chandler, T.TaylorEighmy et al.Municipal solid waste incinerator residues[M] .The Netherlands:Elsevier Science B.V., 1997.p101 ~ 133).This incinerator tail flue gas purification style that is usually less than 300 ℃ exists three subject matters: the high temperature corrosion of (1) heating surface.Studies have shown that HCl in the flue gas, Cl 2Existence directly cause the high temperature corrosion of heating surface, the danger that brings to waste heat boiler.(2) toxic organic compound bioxin (PCDD/PCDF) synthetic in the flue gas.Sour gas HCl in the flue gas, Cl 2Relevant with flying dust with the generative process of PCDD/PCDF, usually said de novo formation mechanism promptly is in 150 ℃~576 ℃ wide temperature range, the contained organic carbon of fly ash granule is under the condition that chlorine and oxygen exist in the flue gas, with the contained heavy metallic salts such as copper of flying dust is catalyst, synthetic reaction takes place generate PCDD/PCDF, best generation temperature range is 300~400 ℃.Usually the , bioxin can be synthetic gradually in flue gas after flue gas was lower than 600 ℃, the flue gas that carries flying dust and sour gas in the process of heating surface heat release cooling, the HCl in flying dust and the flue gas, Cl 2All can promote the synthetic of bioxin.For the control bioxin with fume emission in atmosphere, need to adopt in flue gas, to spray into activated carbon, the flue gas purification system operating cost is risen.(3) flying dust of Shou Jiing and gas cleaning product have high toxicity.Only contain heavy metal and not the Han bioxin flying dust that pollutes feature handle easily.But in the low-temperature flue gas cleaning system, by the synthetic PCDD/PCDF of modes such as de novo mechanism when flue-gas temperature reduces, invest on the flying dust with fixed attention or be adsorbed on the gas cleaning product, this rises flying dust and gas cleaning product Zhong bioxin content, toxicity improves, cause the processing requirements complexity, and the disposal cost costliness.Therefore,, should acidic gas in flue gas and flying dust be removed with synthetic, the requirement that reduces flying dust toxicity of bioxin from the high temperature corrosion of the face of keeping from heat 600 ℃ and above high-temperature region.But the temperature that is higher than 800 ℃ is not suitable for the purification of sour gas HCl, and adding calcium recirculating fluidized bed incineration technology at present in the stove is a kind of advanced garbage incineration technology that can realize the partial fume purification in high temperature section.But under the pressure of water vapour, the HCl gas balance of lime class absorbent correspondence is dense in the incineration temperature (820~950 ℃) of recirculating fluidized bed and incinerator, is difficult to realize the purification to HCl.
U.S.'s patent of invention " High Temperature Acid Gases And Particulate Removal in WasteIncineration Process " (patent No.: 5746141, open day: May 5,1998) though adopted the notion of high-temperature flue gas purification, but in this patent technology, adopted the flue gas recirculation of coming out from sack cleaner to carry reactant, and adopt a large amount of flue gas recirculation and original high-temperature flue gas to be blended in superheater reactor internal reaction before, flue gas recirculation required high-temperature flue gas blower fan structure in two places requires high, the operating cost costliness is difficult for popularizing.In order to improve the purification efficiency of sour gas HCl, in this patent, adopt Na 2CO 3, NaHCO 3Be reactant, price is very expensive.This patent adopts flue gas recirculation, and the reactant that the flue gas of unit volume flow in the reactor is touched reduces, and in order to improve the purification efficiency of sour gas, must adopt the more reactant of volume, produces more substantial waste residue.The flue gas of big flow flows through in hot precipitator, and can cause flue resistance to increase maybe needs to be provided with more jumbo deduster, and occupied ground increases radiation loss.National inventing patent " middle temp. dry type circulating fluid bed flue gas desulfurization method flue gas " (publication number: CN1214954A, open day: on April 28th, 1999) though adopted 400~800 ℃ temperature range, but this patent is applicable to desulfurization, can not satisfy sour gas HCl and Cl 2The purification requirement, " steam activation " technology in this patent can not be used for lime and absorb HCl and Cl 2Product.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem and shortage that existing flue gases purification exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of technology is simple, the low incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method that is applicable to 600~800 ℃ of flue-gas temperature range of operating cost, with the high temperature corrosion of the face of keeping from heat with synthetic, the toxicity that reduces flying dust and product of bioxin in flue gas.
The objective of the invention is to reach: a kind of incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method by following technical proposal, the soda modified lime is dropped in 600 ℃~800 ℃ high-temperature flue gas areas at incinerator, make the reaction of acidic gas in flue gas and soda modified lime, then the flying dust that carries in solid reaction product and the flue gas is separated with flue gas, the flue gas after the cleaning enters heating surface heat release cooling.After the soda modified lime is dropped in what is called " high temperature " the flue gas area of 600 ℃~800 ℃ of temperature ranges, Yi Bian modified lime directly absorbs HCl and Cl 2Deng sour gas, Yi Bian decomposition reaction takes place, generate the big and active higher CaO of specific area, make to absorb HCl and Cl 2Reaction Deng sour gas is more thorough.Reactor can be the combination of flue and deduster, also can be the extra reactor that is provided with.
Soda modified lime in the above-mentioned incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method is that common lime is through NaOH or sodium carbonate liquor modification.Become in the process of white lime at the ordinary student lime slaking, replace the digestion water with NaOH or sodium carbonate liquor.The Na/Ca molar concentration rate is controlled at about 0.04 the bests in the modified lime.
The input amount of above-mentioned soda modified lime is according to HCl in the flue gas and Cl 2The concentration of gas is kept calcium/chlorine equivalent proportion in 1.1~2.5 scopes.When requiring HCl to reach higher clean-up effect, as be lower than 75mg/Nm 3The time, or when dropping into the soda modified lime near the flue gas district of ceiling temperature (800 ℃), input amount is limit on the upper side.
In the above-mentioned incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method, the input of soda modified lime can utilize air or steam as pumped (conveying) medium.Because the soda modified lime can generate CaCO with middle low-temperature flue gas reaction 3, the CaCO that has generated 3Spray into 600~800 ℃ of flue districts and be not easy to be decomposed into immediately CaO, reactivity reduces, and therefore should avoid adopting flue gas recycled as pumped (conveying) medium.
In the above-mentioned incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method, the input of soda modified lime can also utilize sealed charging gear directly to send into reaction zone.Add fashionable for fear of the soda modified lime, the flue gas volume that pumped (conveying) medium brings increases or avoids the reduction of flue-gas temperature, directly utilize sealed charging gear that modified lime is put into the reaction zone of requirement, can avoid the influence that flue gas flow and temperature are brought.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) be the high temperature corrosion of avoiding waste heat boiler heating surface with the incinerator of electricity generation system at present, the high-temperature flue gas that incinerator produces drops to about 600 ℃ by radiation heating-surface or with cooling measures such as water sprays and just can flow through superheater, the superheat steam temperature that produces has limited the thermal efficiency of incinerator electricity generation system generally below 380 ℃.The present invention drops into soda modified lime absorption sour gas HCl/Cl at 600 ℃~800 ℃ cigarette warm area 2After, can avoid or alleviate high temperature corrosion, improve the flue gas temperature of superheater surface of flowing through, or adopt counter-flow arrangement when keeping former flue-gas temperature, improve superheat steam temperature.High-temperature dust removal has also been avoided the dust stratification problem of heating surface.On the other hand, the main component of described soda modified lime is Ca (OH) 2Yi Bian it can directly absorb HCl and Cl 2Deng sour gas, on one side in this humidity province generation decomposition reaction, generate big, the active higher CaO of specific area, the reactive mode that this limit border ring exposes the new reaction area makes absorption HCl and Cl 2Deng being swift in response of sour gas and thoroughly, have higher reactivity, help improving reaction efficiency than the low-temperature space below 300 ℃.
(2) the soda modified lime is compared with common lime, and is more favourable with dedusting to the carrying out of reaction 600 ℃ and the above product that the high-temperature region generated.Use common lime and HCl reaction, primary product is CaCl 2.Ca (OH) 2.H 2O, the calcium that had both reduced unit mass absorbs the ability of HCl, and product is bonded on the dedusting wall; And when adopting modified lime to make absorbent, primary product is Ca (ClO) 2And CaCl, the calcium that has improved unit mass absorbs the amount of HCl, and product is difficult for sticking wall.In addition, the HCl gas balance of soda modified lime correspondence is dense low than common lime, and for example steam partial pressure is 0.19 o'clock in the flue gas, and the HCl gas balance concentration of 700 ℃ of following soda modified lime correspondences is 25mg/Nm 3, and the equilibrium concentration of common lime correspondence is at 1000mg/Nm 3More than.Therefore utilization of the present invention drops into the soda modified limes and can realize effective purification to sour gas such as HCl 600~800 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas areas.Modified lime adsorbs the function of heavy metal in addition in addition.
(3) in the existing flue gas purification system, it is synthetic that the temperature-fall period of flue gas in heating surface that carries flying dust and sour gas helps the de novo of bioxin, and the present invention is because reaction temperature is avoided the de novo synthesis temperature scope of bioxin, HCl/Cl 2Preferential and soda modified lime reacts; bioxin can not synthesize at reaction zone, in addition, studies show that after high-temperature region spray calcium rises the pH value of fly ash granule, it is synthetic that the pH value up to 11.5~12.5 of flying dust can suppress the de novo of bioxin, therefore, even sour gas such as HCl and flying dust can not get thorough purification in this high-temperature region, the synthetic of , bioxin in the heating surface temperature-fall period still suppressed flue gas.Therefore as long as guarantee to burn the thorough decomposition of bioxin in the inner flue gas of the stove, to there be bioxin in flying dust of collecting and the gas cleaning product, simplify thereby handle, for example it can produce waste liquid with sulfate process titanium dioxide together with the incinerator slag in going out pit and the byproduct copperas solution be handled, and its residue alkalescence just can be used for the excessive spent acid that neutralizes.
(4) the present invention and the patent No. are that U.S.'s patent of invention " High Temperature Acid Gases AndParticulate Removal in Waste Incineration Process " of 5746141 is compared, and not only the absorbent soda modified lime of Shi Yonging compares Na 2CO 3And NaHCO 3More economical, and avoid using the flue gas recirculation blower fan, implement easily.The present invention adopts the dry cleaning method, does not need to be provided with to join slurry equipment, and is little to the temperature and the flow interference of flue gas.System is more simplified, and operating cost is lower.
(5) the present invention adopts air or the steam pumped (conveying) medium as the soda modified lime, and is convenient and easy.When adopting the direct feed of sealed charging gear, can reduce influence to greatest extent to flue-gas temperature and flue gas flow.Two kinds of investing methods have guaranteed that all the soda modified lime contacts preceding activity with high-temperature flue gas.
(6) the present invention can be used in the incinerator that uses domestic waste, industrial refuse, mud and dangerous garbage, is with a wide range of applications.At the incinerator of the recovery system that has surplus heat, high temperature deacidification dedusting is apparent to the security and the economy that improve waste heat boiler.Even to not being equipped with the incinerator of residual neat recovering system, the flying dust of its collection and product toxicity and processing requirements reduce, also reduced the operating cost of whole system.The inventive method technology such as Fig. 2.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 supports the embodiments of the invention installation drawing.The 1st, high-temperature flue gas; The 2nd, the reaction flue; The 3rd, the modified lime storehouse; The 4th, the continuous-feeding valve; The 5th, compressed air; The 6th, deduster; The 7th, gas vent; The 8th, the gas sampling system respectively establishes a cover at smoke entrance; The 9th, temperature thermocouple; The 10th, the flying dust bunker.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of the inventive method.
The specific embodiment
Describe technical process of the present invention and preferred forms in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1.
The present invention drops into the soda modified lime in 600~800 ℃ effluent gas temperature district and absorbs sour gas such as HCl, this reaction can be to carry out in the special reactor that is provided with, also can utilize the flue of an elongated segment to realize, should promote mixing of flue gas and modified lime this moment.Deduster can be used the cyclone separating deduster, should be provided with the insulation measure, and it can also play the effect of auxiliary reactor except that having the function of collecting flying dust and product.When reaction temperature during near 760 ℃, product bonds easily, and at this moment the flying dust that carries in the flue gas plays certain protective action to the deduster wall.Major pollutants are heavy metals in flying dust of collecting and the product, and they can be handled together with slag.Flue gas after the cleaning is sent into the waste heat boiler heating surface cooling, and the heating surface that protect generally is a superheater surface.The pumped (conveying) medium of soda modified lime is an air, when the pressure-air air blast is saved in hope, when perhaps the temperature of import flue gas is on the low side, adopt superheated steam for example the steam turbine intermediate extraction as pumped (conveying) medium.Air and steam all can cause flue-gas temperature reduction to a certain degree during as the pumped (conveying) medium feeding, so the real reaction temperature is lower than 600~800 ℃, and the flue gas mass flow increases simultaneously.Optimal reaction temperature is 600~700 ℃.When hope causes minimum the influence to flue gas flow and temperature, adopt the direct feed of sealing device, a kind of possible selection is with conveying worm or the direct feed of revolution discharge valve.
The soda modified lime can utilize quick lime to prepare at the scene.A kind of method for preparing the soda modified lime is: utilize NaOH or Na 2CO 3Weak solution replace water to come assimilation of quicklime using CaO, digestion process carries out about 45 ℃; Gu liquid/mass ratio is: soda solution/CaO is about 1: 1, so that redundant moisture can just be evaporated by hydration heat.Be enclosed in 90 ℃ after digestion finishes and kept 0.8~1.6 hour, promptly get modified lime.The Na/Ca molar concentration rate is 0.04 mole of Na/ mole Ca left and right sides best results in the modified lime; Molar concentration rate be 0.0133 left and right sides effect secondly.The amount that the soda modified lime is pressed Ca/Cl equivalent proportion 1.1~2.5 drops into reaction zone.When reaction temperature is higher, wish that perhaps HCl concentration is dropped to emission request (is 75mg/Nm when below the mark at present 3), the input amount of soda modified lime is limit on the upper side; Otherwise when the cigarette temperature was on the low side, input amount was limit on the lower side.Outlet at deduster should be provided with the amount of sending into that the HCl concentration detector is regulated modified lime.
Embodiment
Embodiment device figure as shown in Figure 1.High-temperature flue gas 1 enters insulation flue reactor 2, and the amount of carrying of flying dust is 5~6g/Nm in the high-temperature flue gas 3, the concentration of HCl gas is measured by sampling system 8.A certain amount of modified lime sprays into reactor 2 by pumped (conveying) medium air 5 adverse currents to be mixed with flue gas, and the flow velocity of flue gas in reactor 2 is 12~13m/s, and the flow of flue gas is at 380~450m 3In/h the scope.For carrying modified lime, compressed-air actuated flow is 6.3~7.5m 3/ h, the flow velocity at spout place are 15~18m/s.Send into cyclone dust collectors 6 reaction product isolated after the reaction.Reaction flue 2 and the deduster 6 outer heat-insulation layers that are furnished with.Be furnished with several in the reactor 2 to thermocouple 9 measurement reaction temperatures.Flue gas behind the reactor flows to heating surface through behind the deduster 6.The outlet of import department and deduster 6 is equipped with sampling system 8 monitoring HCl concentration.Under four kinds of temperature operating modes, the import and export concentration of the consumption of different soda modified limes, HCl gas and purification efficiency are as shown in Table 1.
Table one
Reaction temperature Ca/Cl inlet concentration exit concentration efficient
℃ equivalent proportion mg/m 3Mg/m 3%
590 1.2 922.2 128 86.12
1.9 949.1 13.57 98.57
650 1.15 961.2 142.45 85.17
1.9 673.6 8.62 98.72
700 1.2 958.3 105.6 89
2.1 910.9 25 97.25
760 2.0 879 178.45 79.7
2.5 952 105.23 88.94
The efficiency of dust collection of cyclone dust collectors is greater than 94%, and the content of the flying dust of collection and product Zhong bioxin is lower than the 0.2ng-TE/g ash.
Example shows and adopts high-temperature flue gas purifying method of the present invention can control sour gas such as HCl and flying dust enters heating surface, and then realizes having suppressed synthetic, the target that reduces flying dust toxicity of the high temperature corrosion of heating surface and bioxin.
The inventive method is not subjected to the restriction of embodiment, for example, the short gas-solid of flow spoiler can be installed in the high-temperature reactor mix, and the appropriate design of deduster can be got the effect of auxiliary reactor.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method is characterized in that adding the soda modified lime in 600 ℃~800 ℃ high-temperature flue gas areas of incinerator, and the addition of soda modified lime is according to HCl in the flue gas and Cl 2The concentration of gas is kept calcium/chlorine equivalent proportion in 1.1~2.5 scopes, makes the reaction of acidic gas in flue gas and soda modified lime, then the flying dust that carries in solid reaction product and the flue gas is separated with flue gas, and the flue gas after the cleaning enters the heating surface cooling.
2, incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described soda modified lime is that common lime is through NaOH or sodium carbonate liquor modification.
3, incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the adding of soda modified lime utilizes air or steam as pumped (conveying) medium.
4, incinerator high-temperature flue gas purifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the adding of soda modified lime utilizes sealed charging gear directly to send into reaction zone.
CNB021510261A 2002-12-05 2002-12-05 Method for purifying high-temp. smoke from garbage incinerator Expired - Fee Related CN1179780C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101293173B (en) * 2008-05-30 2010-12-22 张涉 Novel method for processing dioxins in fly ash
CN104212491A (en) * 2009-04-17 2014-12-17 普罗特高公司 Method and apparatus for gasification of organic waste
CN103566743B (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-08-12 山东巨亚环保设备有限公司 A kind of pernicious gas dynamic purification reactor and purification method thereof
CN105241998A (en) * 2015-09-07 2016-01-13 内蒙古科技大学 Test system for detecting absorption effect of high-temperature pyrolysis waste gas absorption device
CN108548186A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-18 福州大学 A kind of waste incinerator dechlorination purifier
JP6760409B2 (en) * 2019-01-15 2020-09-23 栗田工業株式会社 Exhaust gas treatment system and exhaust gas treatment method
CN109794158A (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-05-24 重庆大学 A kind of organic solid waste burning high-temperature flue gas pretreatment modifying device and method
CN110215816B (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-09 王英宾 Method for inhibiting PCDD/Fs low-temperature generation
CN110624375B (en) * 2019-09-23 2020-09-22 华南理工大学 High-temperature acidic flue gas deacidification device arranged in garbage incinerator
CN115155280A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-10-11 光大环境科技(中国)有限公司 Method for performing deacidification on waste incineration flue gas and performing water washing and salt separation on fly ash

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