CN117977830A - Magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system, which comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein the transmitting part comprises a power supply circuit, an oscillating circuit, a driving circuit and a transmitting coil; the receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, the transmitting circuit comprises a transmitting resonant coil and a transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit comprises a receiving circuit and a receiving resonant coil, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are all LC circuits with the same two natural resonant frequencies, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonant frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, and under the action of a magnetic field, the two coils are coupled to realize wireless transmission of electric energy. The beneficial effects are that: based on the electromagnetic resonance coupling principle, the non-radiative magnetic field is utilized to realize efficient transmission of electric power, and the electromagnetic resonance coupling device has the advantages of high efficiency, long distance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy transmission, in particular to a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless electric energy transmission system.
Background
The traditional electric energy transmission mode needs to be carried out through a wire, and the mode is inconvenient to use and has potential safety hazards. Therefore, how to realize contactless power transfer is becoming a current research hotspot. Inductive power transfer is used. Electromagnetic induction phenomenon is one of the most important findings in electromagnetics, and shows the interconnection and conversion between electric and magnetic phenomena. Electromagnetic induction is a basic principle in electromagnetism, and a transformer works by using the basic principle of electromagnetic induction and performs short-range power transmission by using the electromagnetic induction. The disadvantage is obvious, the transmission distance is short, and the scheme cannot reach the distance of tens of centimeters or more.
The waveform is realized by adopting a singlechip and a DAC 0832. The digital-to-analog converter constitutes a signal generator, and because of the software filtering, parasitic higher harmonic components are generally not generated, and the generated waveform is good. Its advantages are high stability in low-frequency signal range, convenient operation, small size and low power consumption. But the frequency of output is lower, and the problem of 1MHz square wave is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system, which utilizes a non-radiation magnetic field to realize high-efficiency power transmission based on an electromagnetic resonance coupling principle, has the advantages of high efficiency, long distance and the like, and further solves the problems that the transmission distance is short, the output frequency is low, and the distance of tens of centimeters or more cannot be reached.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the electromagnetic resonance coupling principle, the non-radiation magnetic field is utilized to realize the efficient transmission of electric power, and the electromagnetic resonance coupling principle has the advantages of high efficiency, long distance and the like, the specific technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein the transmitting part comprises a power circuit, an oscillating circuit, a driving circuit and a transmitting coil; the receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, the transmitting circuit comprises a transmitting resonant coil and a transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit comprises a receiving circuit and a receiving resonant coil, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are all LC circuits with the same two natural resonant frequencies, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonant frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, and under the action of a magnetic field, the two coils are coupled to realize wireless transmission of electric energy.
The resonance frequency of the coil is obtained by adopting an actual measurement method: the method comprises the steps of directly connecting a transmitting coil to a signal generator, using two 1W light emitting diodes in series as a load, adjusting the frequency of the signal generator when the distance between the transmitting coil and a receiving coil is fixed, and enabling the frequency of the signal generator to be the resonance frequency of the coil when the light emitting diodes reach the brightest;
the optimal frequency band of the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system is 0.5-30MHz, when the frequency omega of the system is changed, the transmission efficiency eta is also changed, and when the driving signal frequency of the system is the same as the resonance frequency of the coil, namely omega = omega 0, the transmission efficiency eta is maximum; when the frequency of the driving signal of the system deviates from the resonance frequency of the coil, the transmission efficiency gradually decreases.
The coupling coefficient k between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is characterized by the energy transmission speed between the two coils, and is determined by the distance between the two coils, and the larger the coupling coefficient k is, the faster the energy is transmitted from one coil to the other coil, so that a stable energy transmission channel is established.
The coupling coefficient k between two coils characterizes the energy transmission speed between the two coils, which is mainly determined by the distance between the two coils. The greater the coupling coefficient k, the faster the energy transfer from one coil to another, and the easier it is to establish a stable energy transfer path. When the frequency of the driving signal of the system is fixed at the resonance frequency (ω=ω 0), and the coupling coefficient k is changed, it can be seen from the equations (11) and (13) that the larger k is, the higher the transmission efficiency of the system is.
The coil is formed by winding a single-strand copper core with an enamelled wire with the diameter of 3mm, and is wound for 8 circles, and the inductance is about 40uH.
The capacitor is formed by taking a ceramic material as a medium, coating a layer of metal film on the surface of the ceramic, and taking the ceramic material as an electrode after high-temperature sintering.
The transmitting circuit mainly comprises an LM2596 voltage reduction module, an NE555 multivibrator circuit, a driving chip IRF540, a transmitting coil and the like, wherein the LM2596 voltage reduction module mainly aims at providing proper voltages required by systems such as the NE555, the driving chip IRF540, the transmitting coil and the like, and the multivibrator circuit formed by the NE555 provides required oscillation waveforms for the systems.
The multivibrator circuit has the following pin functions:
Pin 1 (ground) -ground (or common ground), is connected to circuit common ground,
Pin 2 (trigger point) -trigger NE555 enables its starting time period, the trigger signal upper edge voltage must be greater than 2/3VCC, the lower edge must be lower than 1/3VCC,
Pin 3 (output) -the output Pin at the beginning 555 of the time period is shifted to a high potential 1.7 volts less than the supply voltage, the end of the period output returns to a low potential around O volts, the maximum output current at the high potential is about 200mA,
Pin 4 (reset) -a low logic level is sent to this Pin resets the timer and returns the output to a low level,
Pin 5 (control) -Pin can be triggered by an external voltage change and can be gated to a voltage, which can be used to change or adjust the output frequency when the timer is operating in a steady or oscillating mode of operation,
Pin 6 (reset Lock) -Pin 6 resets the lock and brings the output to a low state, which is enabled when the voltage of this Pin moves from below 1/3VCC to above 2/3VCC,
Pin 7 (discharge) -Pin and the main output Pin have the same current output capability, LOW when the output is ON, LOW impedance to ground, HIGH when the output is OFF, HIGH impedance to ground,
Pin 8 (V+) -555 positive supply voltage terminals of the timer IC, the supply voltage ranges from +4.5 volts (minimum) to +16 volts (maximum).
The receiving circuit is composed of a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit, a voltage stabilizing capacitor and the like, resonance is generated between receiving and transmitting, the capacitance of the receiving coil connected in parallel is the same as the capacitance of the transmitting coil connected in parallel, stable direct current is obtained to be supplied to a load, the receiving coil is connected in parallel through 3 electrolytic capacitors of 47000uF through a rectifying circuit BR1 composed of four diodes.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system, which has the following beneficial effects:
The astable multivibrator is realized by adopting the discrete element NE555, the square wave signal generator with the frequency of about 1M is generated, the output frequency range of the signal generator is narrower, the circuit parameter setting is simpler, the frequency measurement can be realized by debugging and switching of a hardware circuit, and the operation is very convenient. The realization circuit is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and the cost is lower.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission device;
FIG. 2 is a parallel resonant circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer system
Fig. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system;
FIG. 6 is a wireless power transmission circuit;
Fig. 7 shows a wireless power receiving circuit.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of further illustrating the various embodiments, the present invention provides the accompanying drawings, which are a part of the disclosure of the present invention, and which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments, and with reference to these descriptions, one skilled in the art will recognize other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention, wherein elements are not drawn to scale, and like reference numerals are generally used to designate like elements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 1.3.4, a magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission system according to an embodiment of the invention is composed of a high-frequency driving circuit, a transmitting loop and a receiving loop, wherein the transmitting loop comprises a transmitting resonance coil, the receiving loop comprises a receiving resonance coil, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are both LC circuits with the same natural resonance frequency, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonance frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, strong coupling is generated between the two coils under the action of a magnetic field, and wireless transmission of power is realized, and the resonance frequency formula (1) is:
Only about the resonance frequency of the coil can be obtained by the calculation according to the formula, and the resonance frequency of the coil can be obtained more accurately by adopting an actual measurement method: the transmitting coil is directly connected to the signal generator, two 1W light emitting diodes are connected in series to serve as a load, when the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is fixed, the frequency of the signal generator is regulated, and when the light emitting diodes reach the brightest, the frequency of the signal generator is the resonance frequency of the coil.
The optimal frequency band of the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system is 0.5-30MHz, obviously, the frequency cannot be increased wirelessly, the higher the frequency is, the higher the requirement on devices is, and the devices on the market are not easy to meet the requirement on large frequency.
For certain magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer systems, as the frequency ω of the system changes, the transfer efficiency η also changes. When the driving signal frequency of the system is the same as the resonance frequency of the coil, namely ω=ω 0, the transmission efficiency η is maximum; when the frequency of the driving signal of the system deviates from the resonance frequency of the coil, the transmission efficiency gradually decreases.
The coupling coefficient k between two coils characterizes the energy transmission speed between the two coils, which is mainly determined by the distance between the two coils. The greater the coupling coefficient k, the faster the energy transfer from one coil to another, and the easier it is to establish a stable energy transfer path.
The magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission system mainly comprises a high-frequency driving signal, a driving coil, a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a resonance capacitor, a load loop and the like. The equivalent circuit model of the resonant coupling type electric energy wireless transmission system is shown in fig. 5, wherein U is an ideal high-frequency signal source, the frequency is omega, L S、LD is the inductance of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil at high frequency respectively, R S、RD is the parasitic resistance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil at high frequency respectively, C S、CD is the matching capacitance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil (the self-distributed capacitance of the coils is negligible), R L is a load resistance, M is the mutual inductance coefficient between the two coils, and D is the distance between the two coils.
As shown in fig. 5, assuming that the angular frequency of the current flowing through the transmitting coil is ω, the effective value is I S, when the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are in the self-resonant state, the formula (2) is:
The formula (3) is:
the column KCL equation (4) is:
Column KCL equation (5) is:
The load current effective value I L (6) obtained by the formulas (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: the output power P 0 is shown in the formulas (6) and (7):
The output power P 0 (7) is shown as follows:
in the formula (7), I S is proportional to the input voltage U, and the efficiency eta (8) of the system is as follows:
Where P 1 is the power lost on the transmit coil and P 2 is the power lost on the receive coil.
The current I D (9) on the receiving coil is:
the loss power P 2 (10) of the receiving end coil is:
The loss power P 1 (11) of the transmitting end coil is:
from the equations (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), the transmission efficiency η (12) of the system can be calculated as:
using the Neumann formula Calculating the mutual inductance of two coils in the space, wherein mu 0 is vacuum magnetic permeability, and the mutual inductance (13) between the two coils is approximately as follows:
The coupling coefficient k (14) between the two coils is:
For certain magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer systems (resonant frequency ω 0 and R S、RD、RL are defined), as the frequency ω of the system changes, the transfer efficiency η also changes. When the driving signal frequency of the system is the same as the resonance frequency of the coil, namely ω=ω 0, the transmission efficiency η is maximum; when the frequency of the driving signal of the system deviates from the resonance frequency of the coil, the transmission efficiency gradually decreases.
The coupling coefficient k between two coils characterizes the energy transmission speed between the two coils, which is mainly determined by the distance between the two coils. The greater the coupling coefficient k, the faster the energy transfer from one coil to another, and the easier it is to establish a stable energy transfer path. When the frequency of the driving signal of the system is fixed at the resonance frequency (ω=ω 0), and the coupling coefficient k is changed, it can be seen from the equations (11) and (13) that the larger k is, the higher the transmission efficiency of the system is.
The basic circuit of the parallel resonant circuit is shown in fig. 2, and the parallel resonant circuit is composed of a high-frequency driving circuit, a transmitting loop and a receiving loop, wherein the transmitting loop comprises a driving coil and a transmitting resonant coil, and the receiving loop comprises a receiving resonant coil and a load coil circuit. The transmitting coil and the receiving coil are two LC circuits with the same natural resonant frequency, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonant frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, and strong coupling is generated between the two coils under the action of a magnetic field, so that wireless transmission of electric energy is realized;
the coil is formed by winding a single-strand copper core with an enamelled wire with the diameter of 3mm, and is wound for 8 circles, and the inductance is about 40uH.
The capacitor is formed by taking a ceramic material as a medium, coating a layer of metal film on the surface of the ceramic, and taking the ceramic material as an electrode after high-temperature sintering.
As shown in fig. 6, the transmitting circuit mainly comprises an LM2596 buck module, an NE555 multivibrator circuit, a driving chip IRF540, a transmitting coil, and the like.
The LM2596 depressurization module mainly aims at providing proper voltages required by systems such as NE555, driving chip IRF540, transmitting coils and the like.
The multivibrator circuit formed by NE555 provides the system with the required oscillating waveform. The NE555 is powerful, and each pin functions as follows:
Pin 1 (ground) -ground (or common ground), is typically connected to circuit common ground.
Pin 2 (trigger point) -this Pin is the time period that triggers NE555 to start it. The upper edge voltage of the trigger signal must be greater than 2/3VCC and the lower edge must be less than 1/3VCC.
Pin 3 (output) -the output Pin at the beginning 555 of the time period, shifts to a high potential 1.7 volts less than the supply voltage. The end of the cycle output returns to a low potential of around O volts. The maximum output current at high potential is about 200mA.
Pin 4 (reset) -a low logic level is sent to this Pin resets the timer and returns the output to a low level. It is typically connected to a positive power supply or ignored.
Pin 5 (control) -this Pin permits the triggering and threshold voltage to be changed by an external voltage. This input can be used to change or adjust the output frequency when the timer is operating in a steady or oscillating mode of operation.
Pin 6 (reset Lock) -Pin 6 resets the lock and brings the output low. This action is initiated when the voltage of this pin moves from below 1/3VCC to above 2/3 VCC.
Pin 7 (discharge) -this Pin has the same current output capability as the main output Pin, LOW when the output is ON, LOW impedance to ground, HIGH when the output is OFF, HIGH impedance to ground.
Pin 8 (V+) -this is the positive supply voltage terminal of the 555 timer IC. The supply voltage ranges from +4.5 volts (minimum) to +16 volts (maximum).
As shown in fig. 7, the receiving circuit is composed of a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit, a voltage stabilizing capacitor and the like, resonance is generated between receiving and transmitting, the capacitance of the receiving coil connected in parallel is the same as the capacitance of the transmitting coil connected in parallel, stable direct current is obtained and supplied to a load, and the receiving coil is connected in parallel by 3 electrolytic capacitors of 47000uF through a rectifying circuit BR1 composed of four diodes.
When the distance x=10cm between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is kept and the input direct current voltage U1=15v is kept, the receiving end outputs direct current I2=0.5a, and when the load is 20 ohm resistor, the output voltage and efficiency eta data of the wireless electric energy transmission device are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
The average of the calculated efficiencies from the above table is: 40.35%.
Through debugging, the frequency of the oscillator is 800 KHz-1 MHz, and the transmission efficiency is higher.
Working principle: the wireless power transmission device based on magnetic field coupling resonance consists of a high-frequency driving circuit, a transmitting loop and a receiving loop, wherein the transmitting loop comprises a driving coil and a transmitting resonance coil, and the receiving loop comprises a receiving resonance coil and a load coil circuit. The transmitting coil and the receiving coil are all LC circuits with the same natural resonant frequency, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonant frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, and strong coupling is generated between the two coils under the action of a magnetic field, so that wireless transmission of electric energy is realized.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "connected," "secured," "screwed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer system, characterized by: the device comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein the transmitting part comprises a power circuit, an oscillating circuit, a driving circuit and a transmitting coil; the receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, the transmitting circuit comprises a transmitting resonant coil and a transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit comprises a receiving circuit and a receiving resonant coil, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are all LC circuits with the same two natural resonant frequencies, when the driving signal frequency is the same as the natural resonant frequency of the coils, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil resonate, and under the action of a magnetic field, the two coils are coupled to realize wireless transmission of electric energy.
2. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the resonance frequency of the coil is obtained by adopting an actual measurement method: the method comprises the steps of directly connecting a transmitting coil to a signal generator, using two 1W light emitting diodes in series as a load, adjusting the frequency of the signal generator when the distance between the transmitting coil and a receiving coil is fixed, and enabling the frequency of the signal generator to be the resonance frequency of the coil when the light emitting diodes reach the brightest;
3. a magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal frequency band of the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system is 0.5-30MHz, when the frequency omega of the system is changed, the transmission efficiency eta is also changed, and when the driving signal frequency of the system is the same as the resonance frequency of the coil, namely omega = omega 0, the transmission efficiency eta is maximum; when the frequency of the driving signal of the system deviates from the resonance frequency of the coil, the transmission efficiency gradually decreases.
4. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the coupling coefficient k between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is characterized by the energy transmission speed between the two coils, and is determined by the distance between the two coils, and the larger the coupling coefficient k is, the faster the energy is transmitted from one coil to the other coil, so that a stable energy transmission channel is established.
5. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the coupling coefficient k between two coils characterizes the energy transmission speed between the two coils, which is mainly determined by the distance between the two coils. The greater the coupling coefficient k, the faster the energy transfer from one coil to another, and the easier it is to establish a stable energy transfer path. When the frequency of the driving signal of the system is fixed at the resonance frequency (ω=ω 0), and the coupling coefficient k is changed, it can be seen from the equations (11) and (13) that the larger k is, the higher the transmission efficiency of the system is.
6. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the coil is formed by winding a single-strand copper core with an enamelled wire with the diameter of 3mm, and is wound for 8 circles, and the inductance is about 40uH.
7. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the capacitor is formed by taking a ceramic material as a medium, coating a layer of metal film on the surface of the ceramic, and taking the ceramic material as an electrode after high-temperature sintering.
8. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the transmitting circuit mainly comprises an LM2596 voltage reduction module, an NE555 multivibrator circuit, a driving chip IRF540, a transmitting coil and the like, wherein the LM2596 voltage reduction module mainly aims at providing proper voltages required by systems such as the NE555, the driving chip IRF540, the transmitting coil and the like, and the multivibrator circuit formed by the NE555 provides required oscillation waveforms for the systems.
9. A magnetically-coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 8, wherein: the multivibrator circuit has the following pin functions:
Pin 1 (ground) -ground (or common ground), is connected to circuit common ground,
Pin 2 (trigger point) -trigger NE555 enables its starting time period, the trigger signal upper edge voltage must be greater than 2/3VCC, the lower edge must be lower than 1/3VCC,
Pin 3 (output) -the output Pin at the beginning 555 of the time period is shifted to a high potential 1.7 volts less than the supply voltage, the end of the period output returns to a low potential around O volts, the maximum output current at the high potential is about 200mA,
Pin 4 (reset) -a low logic level is sent to this Pin resets the timer and returns the output to a low level,
Pin 5 (control) -Pin can be triggered by an external voltage change and can be gated to a voltage, which can be used to change or adjust the output frequency when the timer is operating in a steady or oscillating mode of operation,
Pin 6 (reset Lock) -Pin 6 resets the lock and brings the output to a low state, which is enabled when the voltage of this Pin moves from below 1/3VCC to above 2/3VCC,
Pin 7 (discharge) -Pin and the main output Pin have the same current output capability, LOW when the output is ON, LOW impedance to ground, HIGH when the output is OFF, HIGH impedance to ground,
Pin 8 (V+) -555 positive supply voltage terminals of the timer IC, the supply voltage ranges from +4.5 volts (minimum) to +16 volts (maximum).
10. A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein: the receiving circuit is composed of a receiving coil, a rectifying circuit, a voltage stabilizing capacitor and the like, resonance is generated between receiving and transmitting, the capacitance of the receiving coil connected in parallel is the same as the capacitance of the transmitting coil connected in parallel, stable direct current is obtained to be supplied to a load, the receiving coil is connected in parallel through 3 electrolytic capacitors of 47000uF through a rectifying circuit BR1 composed of four diodes.
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