CN117969013A - Pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support - Google Patents
Pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hypersonic aircraft dynamic wind tunnel tests, and discloses a pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support. The dynamic test device adopts a balance structure in front, and the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism is positioned on the central axis; the automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft and the angular displacement measuring device of the rolling shaft are fixedly arranged on the rolling shaft; the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism and the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device are fixedly arranged on the pitching axis; the pitch bearing and the roll bearing are mechanical bearings. The dynamic test device has the characteristics of simple structure, compact volume, high rigidity, small volume and large bearing capacity, can adjust the gesture of two degrees of freedom of rolling and pitching, and is automatically locked and unlocked through the locking device; the pose parameters and pneumatic load of the dynamic test model can be fed back in real time; the dynamic test model is convenient to mount and dismount; the dynamic support requirement of the hypersonic aircraft flight dynamic wind tunnel test can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hypersonic aircraft dynamic wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support.
Background
The hypersonic speed aircraft has the remarkable advantages of strong three-dimensional space maneuverability, strong reentry subsequent cruising ability and the like, can adapt to various complex and changeable flight trajectories, executes various rapid striking tasks, has higher burst prevention success rate, and can effectively restrict the exertion of the functions of a reverse guiding system. Hypersonic aircraft have excellent flight performance, but their aerodynamic layout design faces great challenges: the hypersonic aircraft has serious flight coupling phenomenon, particularly has obvious coupling effects such as aerodynamic coupling, kinematic coupling, inertial coupling and the like in the longitudinal-pitching direction, and is easy to generate coupling instability and even divergence and runaway in actual flight. The development of hypersonic aircraft flight coupling dynamic wind tunnel test technical research has great practical significance for aircraft design. In order to accurately simulate the flight coupling characteristic of the hypersonic aircraft in the longitudinal-pitching direction on the ground, the problem of the supporting method of the dynamic test model is the most important link, a dynamic supporting device meeting the requirements of a dynamic wind tunnel test is required to be designed, and the problems of dynamic supporting design of two degrees of freedom of pitching and rolling of the dynamic test model and accurate measurement of dynamic angular velocity and angular acceleration are solved.
At present, a dynamic wind tunnel test technology study is mainly carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel and a cross-supersonic wind tunnel, and a tension line type or strip type dynamic supporting method is adopted. In 2002, F. CLARK LAWRENCE et al [Status Update of the AEDC Wind Tunnel Virtual Flight Testing Development Program, 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 14-17, January,2002 [C].] designed a dynamic support device consisting of an eight wire suspended support system and an annular sleeve structure, with the dynamic test model being free to move in pitch and roll directions and limited to move in yaw. John c Magill et al in [Design of a wire suspension system for dynamic testing in AEDC 16T, 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 6-9, January, 2003 [C].] designed a six-wire suspension support system and a dynamic support device consisting of a clasp assembly, the model being free to move in three directions, roll, pitch and yaw. John c Magill et al developed the dynamic support device and developed a validated dynamic wind tunnel test in [Active yaw control with a wire suspension system for dynamic wind tunnel testing, 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 10-13, January, 2005 [C].] 2005 and [Demonstration of a wire suspension for virtual flight testing in a wind tunnel, AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, February, 2009 [J].] 2009, respectively. In 2010, hu Jing et al [ preliminary study of wind tunnel virtual flight test technique, experimental fluid mechanics, 2010, 02 [ J ] ] designed a dynamic support device composed of eight wires and a combined bearing system, and the dynamic test model can freely move in the roll and pitch directions and preliminary study of dynamic test technique in FD-10 low-speed wind tunnel. In 2013, peng Chaodeng (FL-26 wind tunnel) developed an internal balance for strap suspension support, experimental fluid mechanics, 2013, 10 (J.) ] developed a strap suspension support test technology for a large aircraft, and performed an accurate force test and a support disturbance force test for the large aircraft in the FL-26 wind tunnel. However, in the hypersonic wind tunnel flow field, shock waves are easy to generate in front of the flare line and the strip, so that the wind tunnel flow field structure is influenced, and the aerodynamic force of the dynamic test model is greatly disturbed. Therefore, the dynamic support methods of the wire-tensioning type and the strip type cannot meet the requirements of the hypersonic aircraft dynamic wind tunnel test.
In 2016, the Chinese patent literature library discloses a small asymmetric reentry aerodynamic force measuring device (ZL 201610307573.8) supported by a mechanical bearing and a small asymmetric reentry aerodynamic force measuring device (ZL 201610308222.9) supported by an air bearing, which measures six-component aerodynamic force of the small asymmetric reentry by adopting an inner balance nesting combination method and an outer balance nesting combination method, and can greatly improve the sensitivity and the accuracy of small rolling moment component measurement on the premise of ensuring the measurement precision of other five components, thereby providing technical support for developing dynamic wind tunnel test technical research in hypersonic wind tunnels.
In order to accurately simulate the flight coupling characteristic of the hypersonic aircraft in the longitudinal-pitching direction on the ground, currently, development of a pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support, which ensures that a dynamic test model can freely rotate in rolling and pitching two degrees of freedom without friction or with low friction. By adopting the dynamic supporting method and the device, the technical research of the flight coupling dynamic wind tunnel test of the aircraft can be developed in the hypersonic wind tunnel.
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support is characterized in that a dynamic test model comprises a model front section and a model rear section which are sequentially connected from front to back, a force measuring balance, a dynamic support device and a tail support rod are sequentially fixed on the central axis of the model rear section from front to back, and the tail support rod is connected with a model support mechanism of a hypersonic wind tunnel test section;
The rear end of the dynamic supporting device is fixed at the front end of the tail support rod through a tail support rod connecting flange; the six-component rod type strain balance is adopted by the force measuring balance, and the rear end of the force measuring balance is fixed at the front end of the dynamic supporting device through a balance connecting flange; the front end of the force measuring balance is connected with the rear section of the model by adopting a conical surface, and then is tensioned by a bolt; the rear section of the model is fixedly connected with the front section of the model through threads.
Further, the dynamic supporting device comprises a pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism, a rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism, a pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism, a rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device and a pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device;
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism is a main body structure of the dynamic supporting device and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section of the model; the automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft and the angular displacement measuring device of the rolling shaft are fixedly arranged on the rolling shaft of the pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism; the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism and the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device are fixedly arranged on the pitching axis of the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism.
Further, the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism comprises a pitching shaft, a pitching bearing, a rolling shaft, a rolling bearing, a rolling shaft shell and a balance connecting flange; the pitching bearing and the rolling bearing are mechanical bearings;
The rolling shaft shell is a square shell and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section of the model; the upper surface and the lower surface of the rolling shaft shell are respectively fixedly connected with a shell connecting plate at the rear section of the model;
The rolling shaft penetrates into the rolling shaft shell from back to front; the middle section of the rolling shaft is connected with the rolling shaft shell through a pair of rolling bearings, and an adjusting washer is arranged between the two rolling bearings; the rear end of the rolling shaft is connected with a tail support rod through a tail support rod connecting flange; the front end of the rolling shaft is provided with a rolling bearing, an adjusting washer and the rolling shaft which are fixed through a bearing lock nut;
The two pitching shafts are respectively and symmetrically fixed on the left side and the right side of the rolling shaft shell through screws uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the two pitching shafts are respectively connected with the corresponding pitching shaft shells through the corresponding pitching bearings; the two pitching bearing end covers are fixed on the corresponding pitching shaft shells through screws; the balance connecting flange is fixed with the two pitching shaft shells through screws to form a combined body, and the combined body is sleeved on the rolling shaft shells; the force measuring balance is connected with the assembly through a balance connecting flange;
The force measuring balance and the pitching shaft shell move freely around the pitching shaft; the force measuring balance, the pitching shaft shell and the rolling shaft shell move freely around the rolling shaft, so that dynamic adjustment of two degrees of freedom is realized.
Further, the automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft and the automatic locking mechanism of the pitching shaft are locked by adopting pneumatic brakes;
the automatic rolling shaft locking mechanism is positioned in front of the tail support rod connecting flange and comprises a rolling shaft rear cover, a rolling shaft elastomer and a locking end cover which are sequentially sleeved on the rear section of the rolling shaft from front to back; the rolling shaft elastic body is fixed on the rolling shaft rear cover through bolts uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and then is screwed and locked through the locking end cover; the automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft rotates around the rear section of the rolling shaft; when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end surface chamber of the rolling shaft elastomer, the rolling shaft elastomer elastically deforms under the action of gas pressure, the outer conical surface of the end surface chamber is tightly pressed with the rolling shaft rear cover, and a braking torque is provided by static friction between the rolling shaft elastomer and the rolling shaft rear cover, so that the automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft is locked;
The pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism comprises a rolling shaft shell, a pitching shaft elastomer and a pitching shaft shell; the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism rotates around the pitching axis; when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end surface chamber of the pitching shaft elastomer, the pitching shaft elastomer elastically deforms under the action of gas pressure, the pitching shaft elastomer is tightly pressed with the pitching shaft shell, and static friction between the pitching shaft elastomer and the pitching shaft shell is utilized to provide braking torque, so that the automatic locking mechanism of the pitching shaft is locked.
Further, the rotary shaft angular displacement measuring device and the pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device both adopt rotary transformers to measure the rotation angle displacement and the rotation speed, and a stator and a rotor in the rotary transformers are provided with air gaps, so that direct contact is not generated, friction resistance is reduced, and interference of the friction resistance on a dynamic test model is reduced; when the rotor rotates, the output voltage of the two-phase output coil winding changes along with the rotor, and the magnetic permeability of the rotary transformer changes along with the rotation angle to accord with sinusoidal distribution;
The rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device comprises a corresponding rotating stator, a rotating rotor, a rotating bracket and a rotating locking nut, wherein the rotating locking nut is fixedly connected with a rolling front cover plate, and the rotating stator is fixed at the front end of the rolling shaft through the rotating locking nut; the rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device rotates along with the rolling shaft shell, and generates the same rotation as the rolling shaft shell between the rotary stator and the rotary rotor and outputs a rolling angle displacement signal in real time;
the pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device comprises a corresponding rotation stator, a rotation rotor, a rotation bracket and a rotation locking nut, wherein the rotation locking nut is fixedly connected with a pitching bearing end cover, and the rotation stator is fixed on the pitching shaft through the rotation locking nut; the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device rotates along with the pitching axis shell, and the rotation of the rotating stator and the rotating rotor is the same as that of the pitching axis shell, and pitch angle displacement signals are output in real time.
Furthermore, the rolling bearing is a NKX25 type thrust needle bearing, and the pitching bearing is a JL69349A/310 type tapered roller bearing.
Further, the rotary transformer is a multi-Mochuan TS rotary transformer, the angular resolution is 16 bits, the measuring angular displacement range is unlimited, and the angular displacement measuring range and the precision meet the use requirements.
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support has the following characteristics:
a. The structure is compact, the volume is small, and the dynamic test model can be conveniently installed and detached; the dynamic supporting device can be arranged in the dynamic test model, does not interfere with a wind tunnel flow field, and meets the basic requirements of hypersonic wind tunnel test; the selected bearing component can meet the pneumatic load characteristic in the dynamic wind tunnel test process, the diameter of the bearing is smaller, and the generated rolling friction moment is smaller; in the test process, the supported dynamic test model can realize free rotation with low friction of two degrees of freedom of rolling and pitching, can adjust the initial positions of the two degrees of freedom, and is automatically locked and unlocked through the locking device;
b. The front connection mode of the balance is adopted, the interface position is positioned in the middle of the dynamic test model, and the temperature of the dynamic test model at the position rises relatively slowly in the test process, so that the temperature effect of the balance in the test process is reduced;
c. The device comprises two degrees of freedom of pitching and rolling, and is locked by adopting pneumatic brake, so that electromagnetic signal interference is not introduced;
d. The dynamic structure based on the precise mechanical bearing support is adopted, so that the volume is small, and the bearing is large; the rotary transformer used is compact in structure and high in measurement accuracy.
In summary, the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on the mechanical bearing support has the characteristics of simple structure, compact volume, high rigidity, small volume, large load bearing, adoption of a balance-in-front structure and the like, and is suitable for hypersonic wind tunnel dynamic wind tunnel tests. The attitude of two degrees of freedom of rolling and pitching can be adjusted, and the locking device can be used for automatically locking and unlocking; the pose parameters and pneumatic load of the dynamic test model can be fed back in real time; and the dynamic test model is convenient to install and detach.
In short, the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support can meet the dynamic support requirement of a hypersonic aircraft flight dynamic wind tunnel test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pitch-roll dual degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pitch-roll dual-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an adjusting mechanism in a pitch-roll dual-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a locking mechanism in a pitch-roll dual degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an angular displacement measurement device in a pitch-roll dual-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the pitch-roll dual degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test apparatus of the present invention based on mechanical bearing support.
In the figure, 1. A model supporting mechanism; 2. tail struts; 3. a dynamic support device; 4. a force measuring balance; 5. a model rear section; 6. a model front section; 7. a pitch-roll dual degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism; 8. an automatic locking mechanism of the rolling shaft; 9. the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism; 10. a roll axis angular displacement measuring device; 11. a pitch axis angular displacement measuring device; 12. a pitch axis housing; 13. a pitch bearing; 14. a pitch axis; 15. a pitch bearing end cap; 16. a bearing lock nut; 17. a rolling bearing; 18. a rolling shaft; 19. adjusting the gasket; 20. a roll shaft housing; 21. a pitch axis elastomer; 22. a rolling shaft rear cover; 23. a roll shaft elastomer; 24. locking the end cover; 25. a rotating stator; 26. a rotor; 27. a rotary support; 28. a rotary locking nut; 29. rolling the front cover plate; 30. a balance connecting flange; 31. a housing connection plate; 32. the tail support rod is connected with the flange.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a dynamic test model in the pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support comprises a model front section 6 and a model rear section 5 which are sequentially connected from front to back, a force measuring balance 4, a dynamic support device 3 and a tail support rod 2 are sequentially fixed on the central axis of the model rear section 5 from front to back, and the tail support rod 2 is connected with a model support mechanism 1 of a hypersonic wind tunnel test section;
The rear end of the tail support rod 2 is fixed on the model support mechanism 1 through a bolt, and the rear end of the dynamic support device 3 is fixed at the front end of the tail support rod 2 through a tail support rod connecting flange 32; the six-component rod type strain balance adopted by the force measuring balance 4 is characterized in that the rear end of the force measuring balance 4 is fixed at the front end of the dynamic supporting device 3 through a balance connecting flange 30; the front end of the force measuring balance 4 is connected with the rear section 5 of the model by adopting a conical surface, and then is tensioned by a bolt; the model rear section 5 is fixedly connected with the model front section 6 through threads.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the dynamic supporting device 3 comprises a pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism 7, a rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism 8, a pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism 9, a rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device 10 and a pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device 11;
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism 7 is a main body structure of the dynamic supporting device 3 and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section 5 of the model; the automatic locking mechanism 8 of the rolling shaft and the angular displacement measuring device 10 of the rolling shaft are fixedly arranged on the rolling shaft 18 of the pitching rolling double-freedom-degree adjusting mechanism 7; the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism 9 and the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device 11 are fixedly arranged on a pitching axis 14 of the pitching and rolling double-freedom-degree adjusting mechanism 7.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the pitch-roll dual-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism 7 includes a pitch shaft 14, a pitch bearing 13, a roll shaft 18, a roll bearing 17, a roll shaft housing 20, and a balance connection flange 30; the pitch bearing 13 and the roll bearing 17 are mechanical bearings;
The rolling shaft shell 20 is a square shell and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section 5 of the model; the upper surface and the lower surface of the rolling shaft shell 20 are respectively fixedly connected with a shell connecting plate 31 of the rear section 5 of the model;
The roll shaft 18 penetrates the roll shaft housing 20 from back to front; the middle section of the rolling shaft 18 is connected with a rolling shaft shell 20 through a pair of rolling bearings 17, and an adjusting washer 19 is arranged between the two rolling bearings 17; at the rear end of the roll shaft 18, a tail strut 2 is connected through a tail strut connecting flange 32; the front end of the rolling shaft 18 is provided with a rolling bearing 17, an adjusting washer 19 and the rolling shaft 18 which are fixed through a bearing lock nut 16;
The two pitching shafts 14 are respectively and symmetrically fixed on the left side and the right side of the rolling shaft shell 20 by screws uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the two pitching shafts 14 are respectively connected with the corresponding pitching shaft shells 12 through the corresponding pitching bearings 13; the two pitching bearing end covers 15 are fixed on the corresponding pitching shaft shells 12 through screws; the balance connecting flange 30 and the two pitching shaft shells 12 are fixed through screws to form a combined body, and the combined body is sleeved on the rolling shaft shell 20; the force measuring balance 4 is connected with the combination body through a balance connecting flange 30;
The force balance 4 and the pitching axis housing 12 move freely around the pitching axis 14; the force measuring balance 4, the pitching shaft housing 12 and the rolling shaft housing 20 move freely around the rolling shaft 18, so that dynamic adjustment of two degrees of freedom is realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the automatic locking mechanism 8 of the rolling shaft and the automatic locking mechanism 9 of the pitching shaft are locked by adopting pneumatic brakes;
The automatic locking mechanism 8 of the rolling shaft is positioned in front of the tail support rod connecting flange 32 and comprises a rolling shaft rear cover 22, a rolling shaft elastomer 23 and a locking end cover 24 which are sequentially sleeved on the rear section of the rolling shaft 18 from front to back; the rolling shaft elastic body 23 is fixed on the rolling shaft rear cover 22 through bolts uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and is locked through threads through the locking end cover 24; the automatic locking mechanism 8 of the rolling shaft rotates around the rear section of the rolling shaft 18; when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end surface chamber of the rolling shaft elastomer 23, the rolling shaft elastomer 23 elastically deforms under the action of gas pressure, the outer conical surface of the end surface chamber is tightly pressed with the rolling shaft rear cover 22, and a braking torque is provided by utilizing static friction between the rolling shaft elastomer 23 and the rolling shaft rear cover 22, so that the locking of the rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism 8 is realized;
The pitching axis automatic locking mechanism 9 comprises a rolling axis housing 20, a pitching axis elastic body 21 and a pitching axis housing 12; the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism 9 rotates around a pitching axis 14; when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end face chamber of the pitching shaft elastic body 21, under the action of gas pressure, the pitching shaft elastic body 21 elastically deforms, the pitching shaft elastic body 21 is tightly pressed with the pitching shaft housing 12, and a braking moment is provided by static friction between the pitching shaft elastic body 21 and the pitching shaft housing 12, so that the pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism 9 is locked.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the rolling axis angular displacement measuring device 10 and the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device 11 measure the rotation angle displacement and the rotation speed by adopting a rotary transformer, and a stator and a rotor in the rotary transformer are provided with an air gap, so that direct contact is avoided, friction resistance is reduced, and interference of the friction resistance to a dynamic test model is reduced; when the rotor rotates, the output voltage of the two-phase output coil winding changes along with the rotor, and the magnetic permeability of the rotary transformer changes along with the rotation angle to accord with sinusoidal distribution;
The rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device 10 comprises a corresponding rotating stator 25, a rotating rotor 26, a rotating bracket 27 and a rotating lock nut 28, wherein the rotating lock nut 28 is fixedly connected with a rolling front cover plate 29, and the rotating stator 25 is fixed at the front end of the rolling shaft 18 through the rotating lock nut 28; the rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device 10 rotates along with the rolling shaft shell 20, and the same rotation as the rolling shaft shell 20 is generated between the rotary stator 25 and the rotary rotor 26, and a rolling angle displacement signal is output in real time;
The pitching axis angular displacement measuring device 11 comprises a corresponding rotation stator 25, a rotation rotor 26, a rotation support 27 and a rotation locking nut 28, wherein the rotation locking nut 28 is fixedly connected with the pitching bearing end cover 15, and the rotation stator 25 is fixed on the pitching axis 14 through the rotation locking nut 28; the pitch axis angular displacement measuring device 11 rotates along with the pitch axis housing 12, and the same rotation as the pitch axis housing 12 is generated between the rotary stator 25 and the rotary rotor 26, and pitch angle displacement signals are output in real time.
Furthermore, the rolling bearing 17 is a NKX25 type thrust needle bearing, and the pitching bearing 13 is a JL69349A/310 type tapered roller bearing.
Further, the rotary transformer is a multi-Mochuan TS rotary transformer, the angular resolution is 16 bits, the measuring angular displacement range is unlimited, and the angular displacement measuring range and the precision meet the use requirements.
Example 1: the pitch-roll dual-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support in the embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and meets the following related technical indexes and requirements:
1. automatic locking and unlocking can be realized;
2. Load bearing: the axial load A is more than or equal to 3000N; normal load N is more than or equal to 10000N; the side load Z is more than or equal to 5000N; the rolling moment Mx is more than or equal to 50Nm; the pitching moment Mz is more than or equal to 80Nm; the braking torque of the rolling shaft is more than or equal to 80Nm; the yaw axis/pitch axis braking torque is more than or equal to 120Nm;
3. dynamic supporting device adjustment range: roll angle γ adjustment range: gamma= ±180°; pitch angle alpha adjustment range: alpha= -10 DEG to +15 DEG.
(II) the main components of the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support of the embodiment are selected as follows:
1. Bearing assembly: for a dynamic supporting device, the mechanism is not frequently used, the running time is short, and the service life of a bearing is not a main factor; the magnitude of the friction torque plays a decisive role in bearing selection. The key factor in bearing selection is the friction torque of the bearing. And estimating the dynamic friction moment of the bearing under the combined load according to the bearing performance parameters provided by a bearing manufacturer. The friction torque of the bearing can be calculated according to formula (1):
，
Wherein mu is the friction coefficient of the bearing, d is the diameter of the inner ring of the bearing, and F is the external load.
The above design has two bearing assemblies: a set of roll axis bearings and a set of pitch axis bearings. Each bearing assembly must withstand three loads, namely an axial load, a normal load and a side load, which may be equivalent to a combined load of radial and axial loads.
The load born by the rolling bearing is equivalent to: the bearing is subjected to an axial load of 3kN along the flow field direction, while being subjected to a radial load (generated by the dead weight of the model, normal load and side load) of 5.59kN. According to the load characteristic and the friction moment index of the dynamic supporting device, the rolling shaft system adopts 2 NKX30 type thrust needle bearings as supports to form a bearing group (the friction coefficient is 0.0015-0.002) for bearing axial load and radial load at the same time, and the total friction moment generated by the rolling shaft bearings is about: 0.002 x 11180 x 0.025/2= 0.2795 Nm.
Pitch axis bearings present a more demanding technical challenge to friction requirements, as pitch axis bearings must withstand radial loads of 5.22kN (resulting from axial and side loads) and relatively large axial loads of 5kN (resulting from model dead weight and normal loads). The load characteristics of various bearings, the friction moment indexes of the dynamic supporting device and bearing performance data provided by manufacturers are comprehensively analyzed, a pitching shaft system adopts 2 JL 69349A/310 tapered roller bearings to form bearing pairs (friction coefficient is 0.0012), and the total friction moment generated by a pitching bearing assembly is about: 0.0017×9458×0.038/2=0.491 Nm.
2. Locking mechanism: the dynamic supporting device adopts an elastic body pneumatic locking scheme, wherein the elastic body is connected with the shaft through a bolt and can rotate relative to the shaft shell. When high-pressure gas is introduced into the end face cavity of the elastic body, the elastic body is elastically deformed under the action of gas pressure, the outer conical surface of the elastic body is tightly pressed with the shaft shell, and static friction between the elastic body and the shaft shell is used for providing braking torque, so that the device is reliably locked. The locking torque can be calculated according to formula (2):
，
Wherein D is the diameter of the inner ring of the bearing, and F is the radial load.
Roll axis direction locking moment M lr=1/2 DFr =0.15×9335×0.115/2= 80.51 Nm.
Pitch axis direction locking moment M ly=1/2 DFy =0.15x7476 x 0.115/2= 64.48 Nm.
3. Resolver and six-component lever type strain balance: the method is mainly used for feeding back dynamic characteristics related to the motion of the dynamic test model and the pneumatic load of the model in real time. An air gap exists between the rotor and the stator of the rotary transformer, direct contact cannot occur, friction resistance can be reduced to the greatest extent, and interference to a dynamic test model is reduced. In the embodiment, a multi-Mochuan TS rotary transformer is selected, the angular displacement resolution of the rotary transformer is 16 bits, the rotary angular displacement and the speed can be measured, the measuring angular displacement range is unlimited, and the angular displacement measuring range and the precision meet the use requirements.
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support is innovative in the aspects of dynamic support methods and structural design of the support devices, and compared with the tension line type and strip type dynamic support methods, the pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support is compact in structure, small in size and large in bearing capacity, and can be built in a dynamic test model; the diameter of the bearing assembly is smaller, and the generated rolling friction moment is smaller; the attitude of two degrees of freedom of rolling and pitching can be adjusted, and the locking device can be used for automatically locking and unlocking; the pose parameters and pneumatic load of the dynamic test model can be fed back in real time; the dynamic test model is convenient to install and detach.
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support adopts pneumatic brake locking, and adopts a balance previous structure to realize measurement; constraint conditions can be established according to the measurement load matching characteristics and the balance structure; the measurement sensitivity and the accuracy of the rolling moment component can be greatly improved while the measurement accuracy of other five-component aerodynamic forces is ensured; the device has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, large bearing capacity, high overall rigidity and the like.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in the foregoing description and illustrated in the drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations of features and steps set forth herein, and that all features of the invention disclosed, or steps of the method or process, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined in any manner without departing from the principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support is characterized in that a dynamic test model comprises a model front section (6) and a model rear section (5) which are sequentially connected from front to back, a force measuring balance (4), a dynamic support device (3) and a tail support rod (2) are sequentially fixed on the central axis of the model rear section (5) from front to back, and the tail support rod (2) is connected with a model support mechanism (1) of a hypersonic wind tunnel test section;
The rear end of the tail support rod (2) is fixed on the model support mechanism (1) through a bolt, and the rear end of the dynamic support device (3) is fixed at the front end of the tail support rod (2) through a tail support rod connecting flange (32); the six-component rod type strain balance is adopted by the force measuring balance (4), and the rear end of the force measuring balance (4) is fixed at the front end of the dynamic supporting device (3) through a balance connecting flange (30); the front end of the force measuring balance (4) is connected with the rear section (5) of the model by adopting a conical surface, and then is tensioned by a bolt; the model rear section (5) is fixedly connected with the model front section (6) through threads.
2. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic support device (3) comprises a pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism (7), a rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism (8), a pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism (9), a rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device (10) and a pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device (11);
The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism (7) is a main body structure of the dynamic supporting device (3) and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section (5) of the model; the automatic locking mechanism (8) of the rolling shaft and the angular displacement measuring device (10) of the rolling shaft are fixedly arranged on the rolling shaft (18) of the pitching rolling double-freedom-degree adjusting mechanism (7); the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism (9) and the pitching axis angular displacement measuring device (11) are fixedly arranged on a pitching axis (14) of the pitching and rolling double-freedom-degree adjusting mechanism (7).
3. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 2, wherein the pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom adjusting mechanism (7) comprises a pitching shaft (14), a pitching bearing (13), a rolling shaft (18), a rolling bearing (17), a rolling shaft shell (20) and a balance connecting flange (30); the pitching bearing (13) and the rolling bearing (17) are mechanical bearings;
The rolling shaft shell (20) is a square shell and is positioned on the central axis of the rear section (5) of the model; the upper surface and the lower surface of the rolling shaft shell (20) are respectively fixedly connected with a shell connecting plate (31) of the rear section (5) of the model;
The rolling shaft (18) penetrates into the rolling shaft shell (20) from back to front; the middle section of the rolling shaft (18) is connected with a rolling shaft shell (20) through a pair of rolling bearings (17), and an adjusting washer (19) is arranged between the two rolling bearings (17); the rear end of the rolling shaft (18) is connected with the tail support rod (2) through a tail support rod connecting flange (32); the front end of the rolling shaft (18) is fixed with a rolling bearing (17), an adjusting washer (19) and the rolling shaft (18) through a bearing lock nut (16);
The two pitching shafts (14) are symmetrically fixed on the left side and the right side of the rolling shaft shell (20) through screws uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the two pitching shafts (14) are respectively connected with the corresponding pitching shaft shells (12) through the corresponding pitching bearings (13); the two pitching bearing end covers (15) are fixed on the corresponding pitching shaft shells (12) through screws; the balance connecting flange (30) is fixed with the two pitching shaft shells (12) through screws to form a combined body, and the combined body is sleeved on the rolling shaft shells (20); the force measuring balance (4) is connected with the combination body through a balance connecting flange (30);
the force measuring balance (4) and the pitching shaft shell (12) move freely around the pitching shaft (14); the force measuring balance (4) and the pitching shaft shell (12) and the rolling shaft shell (20) move freely around the rolling shaft (18), so that dynamic adjustment of two degrees of freedom is realized.
4. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 3, wherein the rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism (8) and the pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism (9) are locked by adopting pneumatic brakes;
The rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism (8) is positioned in front of the tail support rod connecting flange (32) and comprises a rolling shaft rear cover (22), a rolling shaft elastomer (23) and a locking end cover (24) which are sequentially sleeved on the rear section of the rolling shaft (18) from front to back; the rolling shaft elastic body (23) is fixed on the rolling shaft rear cover (22) through bolts uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and is locked by threads through the locking end cover (24); the automatic locking mechanism (8) of the rolling shaft rotates around the rear section of the rolling shaft (18); when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end surface chamber of the rolling shaft elastomer (23), the rolling shaft elastomer (23) elastically deforms under the action of gas pressure, the outer conical surface of the end surface chamber is tightly pressed with the rolling shaft rear cover (22), and a braking torque is provided by utilizing static friction between the rolling shaft elastomer (23) and the rolling shaft rear cover (22), so that the locking of the rolling shaft automatic locking mechanism (8) is realized;
the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism (9) comprises a rolling axis shell (20), a pitching axis elastomer (21) and a pitching axis shell (12); the pitching axis automatic locking mechanism (9) rotates around the pitching axis (14); when high-pressure gas is introduced into the end face chamber of the pitching shaft elastomer (21), the pitching shaft elastomer (21) elastically deforms under the action of gas pressure, the pitching shaft elastomer (21) is tightly pressed with the pitching shaft shell (12), and a braking moment is provided by static friction between the pitching shaft elastomer (21) and the pitching shaft shell (12), so that the pitching shaft automatic locking mechanism (9) is locked.
5. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 4, wherein the rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device (10) and the pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device (11) measure rotation angle displacement and speed by adopting rotary transformers, and a stator and a rotor in the rotary transformers are provided with air gaps, so that direct contact is avoided, friction resistance is reduced, and interference of the friction resistance on a dynamic test model is reduced; when the rotor rotates, the output voltage of the two-phase output coil winding changes along with the rotor, and the magnetic permeability of the rotary transformer changes along with the rotation angle to accord with sinusoidal distribution;
The rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device (10) comprises a corresponding rotary stator (25), a rotary rotor (26), a rotary support (27) and a rotary lock nut (28), wherein the rotary lock nut (28) is fixedly connected with a rolling front cover plate (29), and the rotary stator (25) is fixed at the front end of the rolling shaft (18) through the rotary lock nut (28); the rolling shaft angular displacement measuring device (10) rotates along with the rolling shaft shell (20), and the same rotation as the rolling shaft shell (20) is generated between the rotary stator (25) and the rotary rotor (26) and the rolling shaft angular displacement signal is output in real time;
The pitching shaft angular displacement measuring device (11) comprises a corresponding rotation stator (25), a rotation rotor (26), a rotation support (27) and a rotation locking nut (28), wherein the rotation locking nut (28) is fixedly connected with the pitching bearing end cover (15), and the rotation stator (25) is fixed on the pitching shaft (14) through the rotation locking nut (28); the pitch axis angular displacement measuring device (11) rotates along with the pitch axis housing (12), and the rotation of the rotation stator (25) and the rotation rotor (26) is the same as that of the pitch axis housing (12), and pitch angle displacement signals are output in real time.
6. The pitching rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 3, wherein the rolling bearing (17) is a NKX25 type thrust needle bearing, and the pitching bearing (13) is a JL69349A/310 type tapered roller bearing.
7. The pitching and rolling double-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel dynamic test device based on mechanical bearing support according to claim 5, wherein the rotary transformer is a multi-Mochuan TS rotary transformer, the angular resolution is 16 bits, the measurement angular displacement range is unlimited, and the measurement range and the precision of the angular displacement meet the use requirements.
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