CN117965931A - Processing method for improving metallurgical defects of pure titanium forgings - Google Patents
Processing method for improving metallurgical defects of pure titanium forgings Download PDFInfo
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- CN117965931A CN117965931A CN202410130072.1A CN202410130072A CN117965931A CN 117965931 A CN117965931 A CN 117965931A CN 202410130072 A CN202410130072 A CN 202410130072A CN 117965931 A CN117965931 A CN 117965931A
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010314 arc-melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging, which comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, machining the metal material, finishing and delivering, wherein the method aims at the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent of Fe, 0.007 to 0.009 weight percent of C, 0.02 to 0.05 weight percent of N, 0.02 to 0.04 weight percent of H and 0.15 to 0.35 weight percent of O, and the balance of sponge titanium and intermediate alloy. According to the invention, through the mutual matching of electron beam cold hearth smelting and twice vacuum consumable arc smelting, the smelting structure is uniform and little segregated when the metal material is smelted, meanwhile, as the non-alloy industrial pure titanium is smelted, volatile impurities can be effectively removed, the burning loss of alloy elements is not required to be avoided, the low-density inclusions (LD I) are dissolved or floated, the high-density inclusions (HD I) are sunk and adhered, and the advantages of LD I/HD I inclusion and segregation can be obviously reduced through subsequent finishing separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot working, in particular to a processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging.
Background
Titanium is a metal having metallic luster and ductility. Titanium has a density higher than aluminum and lower than iron, copper and nickel, is high in mechanical strength and easy to process, a workpiece or blank obtained by forging and deforming titanium metal is called a titanium forging, and is generally processed by using an efficient processing device for producing the titanium forging in the production and manufacturing process, so that the conventional efficient processing device for producing the titanium forging basically can meet daily use requirements, but has a certain defect of needing improvement.
CNC finish machining of finished forging pieces with multiple passes and large machining amount (the machining clearing ratio is 78% -88%) after the finished forging pieces are coarsened, finishing (sand blasting and cleaning), quality inspection and finished forging. On the surface of a small amount of semi/near-finished workpiece, pinhole (less than or equal to phi 0.50 mm), segregation (less than or equal to 3.5mm 2), inclusion (less than or equal to 2.5mm 2) and other types of visual quality defects appear sporadically, and the defects are unacceptable due to direct influence of surface quality and redundant residues on engineering application of the product, so that the product is scrapped, and the economic loss is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, and machining the metal material.
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent of Fe, 0.007 to 0.009 weight percent of C, 0.02 to 0.05 weight percent of N, 0.02 to 0.04 weight percent of H and 0.15 to 0.35 weight percent of O, and the balance of sponge titanium and intermediate alloy.
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting.
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metallic materials.
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
Further preferably, the chemical components in the titanium sponge and the intermediate alloy are as follows by mass percent: 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.004 to 0.006 weight percent of C, 0.002 to 0.004 weight percent of N, 0.001 to 0.002 weight percent of H and 0.24 to 0.34 weight percent of O.
It is further preferred that the step of machining the metallic material comprises: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
Further preferably, the homogenizing heat treatment includes: the metallic material was heated to 860±20 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: through the mutual coordination of electron beam cold hearth smelting and twice vacuum consumable arc smelting, the smelting structure is even and little segregated when smelting metal materials, meanwhile, as non-alloy industrial pure titanium is smelted, volatile impurities can be effectively removed, the burning loss of alloy elements is not required to be avoided, low-density inclusions (LD I) are dissolved or floated, high-density inclusions (HD I) are sunk and bonded, the advantages of LD I/HD I inclusion and segregation can be obviously reduced through subsequent finishing separation, and further, the characteristics of uniform chemical components, low energy consumption and smelting speed in the process of smelting metal materials are combined, so that the probability of pinholes, segregation and inclusions on the surface of semi/near-finished products is effectively reduced, the success rate of products is further improved, and economic losses are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the steps of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.
A processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, machining the metal material, finishing and delivering.
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent of Fe, 0.007 to 0.009 weight percent of C, 0.02 to 0.05 weight percent of N, 0.02 to 0.04 weight percent of H and 0.15 to 0.35 weight percent of O, and the balance of sponge titanium and intermediate alloy.
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting.
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metallic materials.
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
Specifically, the chemical components in the titanium sponge and the intermediate alloy are as follows by mass percent: 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.04 to 0.006 weight percent of C, 0.002 to 0.004 weight percent of N, 0.001 to 0.002 weight percent of H and 0.24 to 0.34 weight percent of O.
Specifically, the machining metallic material step includes: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
Specifically, the homogenization heat treatment includes: heating the metal material to 860+/-20 ℃ to more than or equal to 700 ℃ AC.
Further, through homogenization heat treatment metal material, and then in the course of working in order to reach effective annealing and eliminate the purpose that processing stress (hot working/heat treatment, machining) was accumulated, realize delivering forging product unanimously stable, satisfy follow-up machining's requirement, effectively solved the buyer and produced stress deformation, geometric shape position distortion, machining location benchmark misalignment, influence follow-up machining's problem because of the processing stress leads to the forging after opening thick, and then effectively improve forging quality and success rate of forging product, reduce economic loss.
Example 1
A processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, machining the metal material, finishing and delivering.
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.2wt% of Fe, 0.0070 wt% of C, 0.02-0.05wt% of N, 0.02wt% of H and 0.15wt% of O, and the balance of titanium sponge and master alloy.
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting.
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metallic materials.
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
Specifically, the chemical components in the titanium sponge and the intermediate alloy are as follows by mass percent: 0.05wt% of Fe, 0.0wt% of C, 0.002wt% of N, 0.001wt% of H and 0.24wt% of O.
Specifically, the machining metallic material step includes: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
Specifically, the homogenization heat treatment includes: the metal material is heated to 840 ℃ to or more than 700 ℃ and AC.
Example two
A processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, machining the metal material, finishing and delivering.
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.4wt% of Fe, 0.09wt% of C, 0.05wt% of N, 0.04wt% of H, 0.35wt% of O, and the balance of titanium sponge and master alloy.
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting.
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metallic materials.
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
Specifically, the chemical components in the titanium sponge and the intermediate alloy are as follows by mass percent: 0.15wt% of Fe, 0.006wt% of C, 0.004wt% of N, 0.002wt% of H and 0.34wt% of O.
Specifically, the machining metallic material step includes: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
Specifically, the homogenization heat treatment includes: the metal material is heated to 880 ℃ to 700 ℃ or more.
Example III
A processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging comprises the following steps: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, machining the metal material, finishing and delivering.
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.3wt% of Fe, 0.08wt% of C, 0.04wt% of N, 0.03wt% of H, 0.25wt% of O, and the balance of titanium sponge and master alloy.
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting.
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metallic materials.
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
Specifically, the chemical components in the titanium sponge and the intermediate alloy are as follows by mass percent: 0.1 wt% of Fe, 0.05wt% of C, 0.003wt% of N, 0.002wt% of H and 0.24wt% of O.
Specifically, the machining metallic material step includes: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
Specifically, the homogenization heat treatment includes: the metal material is heated to 850 ℃ to 700 ℃ or higher.
Example IV
The hardness of the alpha stable region caused by the enrichment of interstitial elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and the like is obviously higher than that of the nearby region in the smelting process. These interstitial elements raise the beta transus and produce high hardness, often embrittling the alpha phase. Such defects are commonly referred to as type I defects or low density defects (LD I) which are generally associated with holes and cracks, further, inclusions of high density defects (HD I) are specifically inclusions of higher density than the matrix, generally refer to regions where tungsten or niobium elements are concentrated, further, the alpha transition point is the phase boundary temperature between the alpha-beta intervals, and the beta transition point is the highest temperature at which equilibrium alpha phases exist.
Example five
The phenomenon in which the constituent elements in the alloy are unevenly distributed during crystallization is called segregation. In the primary crystallization process of a molten pool, the chemical components in the solidified metal are not diffused enough due to the high cooling speed, so that uneven distribution is caused, segregation is generated, wherein the alpha phase content of the area in a high-power tissue is more than that of a matrix tissue, the low-power tissue generally shows bright spots, bright bands or bright spots, the primary alpha phase content of the area in the high-power tissue is less, or a Wittig tissue appears, and obvious beta grain boundary exists; low power tissue typically exhibits bright spots, bands, or spots, and may also exhibit dark spots or spots.
Example six
The impurity content and granularity of the titanium sponge can influence the quality of the cast ingot. The impurity content in the titanium sponge can influence the content requirement of the chemical components of the cast ingot, and the defective titanium sponge should be manually screened out in the production. The uneven granularity of the titanium sponge can easily cause low density defect (LD I), and the oversize and undersize titanium sponge is removed by adopting a sieving method in the production process so as to ensure that the granularity is more uniform.
The selection of the intermediate alloy can influence the uniformity of chemical components of the ingot, and the improper selection is easy to cause metallurgical defects such as regional segregation, infusible metal inclusion and the like.
Example seven
In order to ensure the uniformity of chemical components of the same ingot to the greatest extent, the raw materials are required to be uniform through mixing. During feeding, different batches of titanium sponge are subjected to staggered feeding, so that the raw materials are primarily homogenized. And then the sponge titanium, the intermediate alloy and other mechanical modes are uniformly stirred by a cloth mixer. And pressing the uniformly stirred raw materials into an electrode block through an oil press. In order to ensure that the components are uniform and no inclusion defect occurs, a mixer, a conveyor belt and a die are required to be cleaned, so that the raw materials in the previous production process are not remained.
Example eight
The electrode block is assembled and welded to obtain the consumable electrode which is melted once. The welding method is mainly plasma welding, and the welding is performed under sufficient protection or under an inert atmosphere welding box so as to avoid forming refractory oxides and nitrides.
And (5) forming the consumable electrode by extrusion without welding spots. A100 MN vertical oil pressure forming device is adopted to prepare a one-step forming welding-spot-free consumable electrode, thereby fundamentally avoiding the formation of refractory oxides and nitrides and eliminating low density defects (LD I).
Example nine
The following table is a comparison table of vacuum consumable arc melting process requirements:
Examples ten
The electron beam melting principle is a technological process of melting and refining by utilizing the energy of high-speed electrons to enable the materials to generate heat.
When the cathode block is heated to 2400-2600 ℃, the cathode emits hot electrons, electrons are accelerated under the action of an electric field, the accelerated electrons move to the anode at an extremely high speed, and electron beams are accurately and densely bombarded on a metal rod and the surface of a molten pool through focusing of two electromagnetic lenses and one deflection, most of energy except a very small part of energy is reflected out, and kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, so that the metal is melted. Molten titanium flows into a water-cooled copper crucible, and liquid metal in the crucible is continuously solidified into ingots from bottom to top. Therefore, the crystallization of the electron beam melting ingot is characterized in that the ingot is sequentially solidified from bottom to top, the adhesion process is carried out, and the solidified ingot is continuously pulled out of the crucible.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the embodiment without creative contribution as required, but are protected by patent laws within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The processing method for improving the metallurgical defects of the pure titanium forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing a metal material, smelting the metal material, forging the metal material, and machining the metal material:
The method aims at the chemical components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent of Fe, 0.07 to 0.009 weight percent of C, 0.02 to 0.05 weight percent of N, 0.02 to 0.04 weight percent of H and 0.15 to 0.35 weight percent of O, and the balance of sponge titanium and intermediate alloy;
Wherein the metal material smelting step comprises the following steps: electron beam cold hearth melting-first vacuum consumable arc melting-second vacuum consumable arc melting;
Electron beam cold hearth melting is used for uniformly melting metal materials;
Vacuum consumable arc melting is used for rapid melting of metallic materials.
2. The processing method for improving metallurgical defects of a pure titanium forging according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components and mass percentages of the sponge titanium and the intermediate alloy are as follows: 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.04 to 0.006 weight percent of C, 0.002 to 0.004 weight percent of N, 0.001 to 0.002 weight percent of H and 0.24 to 0.34 weight percent of O.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the machining metal material step comprises: opening coarse, first UT detection, homogenization heat treatment, second UT detection and physical and chemical property detection.
4. A method of processing a pure titanium forging for improving metallurgical defects according to claim 3, wherein said homogenizing heat treatment comprises: the metallic material was heated to 860±20 ℃.
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