CN1179635A - Basic characteristics of horizontal polarization wave aerial and amplitude power aerial - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the basic theory of horizontally polarized wave communication antenna and the wave amplitude power antenna, which is aimed at correcting the reciprocal theorem of antenna and the one-sidedness of basic characteristic theory and inventing the basic theory of active vibrator. An invented wave amplitude power antenna for TV receiving is a L-shaped symmetrical vibrator one composed of several half-wave, full wave and ventrite wave symmetrical vibrators, which realizes the power law of receiving power gain. Its power gain is 2,96-5.73 dB for VL band, 11,15-13 dB for VH band and 23.44-25 dB for U band.

Description

The fundamental characteristics of horizontal polarization wave antenna and wave amplitude power antenna

The present invention relates to basic theory theorem and the wave amplitude power reception antenna or the antenna array of the radio communication equipment antennas such as radio and television of horizontal polarized wave.

The reception antenna of the transmitting antenna of radio communication equipments such as the radio and television of horizontal polarized wave and reception antenna, especially television broadcasting.The active dipole in radiation and reception electromagnetic wave energy source has L shaped active dipole antennas such as half-wave dipole, X-shaped oscillator, fan-shaped vibrator; Also have O shape active dipole antennas such as half-wave folded dipole, circle-ring vibrator, shaped as frame oscillator.The paper " Antenna ﹠ Radiao Waves " that " the radio amateur's handbook (on) " that China published in 1985 is the 439th page, wherein, " reciprocity property of antenna " theoretical theorem has been proposed, feasibility study the fundamental characteristics and the basic theory of L shaped dipole antenna, geometrical length 2L=(1-Δ %) λ/2 of the dipole antenna that the test opinion is fixed, power gain ratio G _P=1.64 times, electric-level gain B _P=2.15dB; The electrical length 2L of half-wave folded dipole antenna is identical with half-wave dipole with the computing formula of maximal received power Pmax, and its maximum induced voltage Umax is 2 times of half element antenna; The circle-ring vibrator antenna with two at a distance of 0.27 λ dipole antenna equivalences, power gain B _P=3.15dB.Prior art is to the demonstration of active dipole antenna, is the art designs of the antenna theoretical foundation that provides the foundation.Because the reciprocity property theorem of antenna, after being the technical parameter when testing half-wave dipole as transmitting antenna, make and lack the theorem of the theoretical derivation of demonstration comprehensively, so, the technical know-how and the technical parameter of existing active dipole antenna are at active dipole during as transmitting antenna, the technical parameter that test draws, use the reciprocity property theorem of antenna then, reciprocity is the notional result of the technical parameter of reception antenna.The method of this test reciprocity in " circular loop antenna " paper that Chinese magazine " radio " the 5th phase of nineteen eighty-three the 16th page of publication Wang Guoqiang, Cai Zhiying write, also has clearer and more definite argumentation and record.The one-sidedness that the reciprocity property theorem of antenna occurs, be that the fundamental characteristics shortage of active dipole antenna comprehensively is familiar with and demonstration, the method of as above this test reciprocity is easy to be easy to get, causing this theoretical the delay so far of theorem with one-sidedness, also is that the active dipole of existing horizontal polarized wave communication antenna is used the main cause of error.Especially relate generally to the reception antenna of huge numbers of families' television receiver, how with O shape half-wave folded dipole and circle-ring vibrator be main body be applied to the error of reception antenna, comprising Chinese patent H01Q96206956.6, is the reception antenna based on O shape active dipole equally.These O shape active dipole reception antennas, the power gain or the sensitivity of receiving channels signal are low, influenced the heavy effect of matter that effective receiving range of television broadcasting, effective range of receiving and received signal are reproduced, be an impediment to the expansion of radio communication such as radio and television, and cause the raw material of active dipole doubly to consume and waste with measuring to high band.Therefore, the existing television broadcasting communication face of compeling turn to highly difficult, high flow rate antenna amplifier antennafire, set up transposer station and closed-circuit television has the direction of linearize to develop.

The objective of the invention is to re-recognize the fundamental characteristics of horizontal polarized wave communication antenna, the basic theory of innovation research active dipole antenna, correct the reciprocity property theorem of antenna and the one-sidedness of antenna theory, the reciprocity and the reciprocal characteristic theoretical definition of doublet antenna are proposed, the design and the application of optimum level polarized wave communication antenna active dipole, L shaped doublet antenna, joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole reception antenna and wave amplitude power reception antenna that the optimization of research radio and television antenna is used improve the fundamental research of horizontal polarized wave communication antenna.It can correct the reciprocity property theorem of antenna and the one-sidedness that antenna theory exists, for the optimal design of antenna with optimize to use correct basic theory foundation is provided, improve the efficient of designing antenna radiation and reception electromagnetic wave energy, improve the power gain of reception antenna significantly, promote radio and television communication to develop along the direction of radio communication.

The present invention is achieved in that transmitting antenna and reception antenna have symmetry, be that transmitting antenna is when identical with reception antenna, parameters such as the gain coefficient of two kinds of antennas, directivity system effect, characteristic impedance, L shaped active dipole has identical reciprocity, O shape active dipole has the reciprocity of negative, and this symmetry is called the reciprocity and the reciprocal characteristic of antenna; O shape active dipole, as transmitting antenna and its during as reception antenna, radiant power gain BP and maximum effectively received power gain B _P, form the 3.01dB～B of transmitting antenna mutually _PThe reciprocal characteristic of the opposite each other negative of the reception antenna of～-3.01dB, in the short circuit neutralization of the received power that has as reception antenna and the shunting in parallel of power output and the loss coexistence, receiving efficiency 37.5%≤η≤50% is the fundamental characteristics that O shape active dipole reception antenna has; Power gain is optimized the active dipole of transmitting antenna and reception antenna, the radiant power gain of the preferred O shape circle of transmitting antenna ring oscillator is higher, the received power gain of the preferred L shaped symmetrical dipole of reception antenna is higher, the radiant power gain of O shape folded dipole is identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole, L shaped symmetrical dipole is less than or equal in the received power gain, is higher than O shape circle-ring vibrator; L shaped symmetrical dipole, input power and power output as transmitting antenna and reception antenna, the electric current series characteristic that is the oscillator open circuit, reciprocity property with antenna, the electrical length of oscillator, power gain and directivity, relevant with working channel low side wavelength, power gain and directivity are restricted by working channel low side wavelength, the electrical length 2L of half-wave doublet and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe 0＜2L≤λ _D/ 2, the electrical length 2L of golden ripple symmetrical dipole and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe 2L＞λ _D/ 2, the directivity of oscillator is relevant with working channel low side wavelength with electrical length, electrical length 2L＞λ _DThe time, the direction that the maximum power gain appears in oscillator tilts; Shorten the metallic conductor length of L shaped doublet antenna, increase the apex drive interface width, keep its electrical length constant, the power gain factor and the directivity factor of receiving channels signal are constant, metallic conductor length with L shaped symmetrical dipole both arms, divide and be truncated into more piece equal in length or unequal joint metallic conductor, the spacing of the amount of remaining valid between the joint metallic conductor, joint metallic conductor length left and right symmetrically is arranged in one pair of L shaped symmetrical dipole integral form in regular turn, make the joint metallic conductor both arms of each symmetry form one pair of relatively independent doublet antenna, joint metallic conductor by symmetrical dipole, with the half-wave of electromagnetic wavelength or the electric field amplitude signal energy of all-wave, the wave amplitude signal that is divided into different amplitudes receives and synthesizes, and is referred to as to save amplitude wave symmetrical dipole reception antenna; Wave amplitude power antenna or antenna array element, be to be the antenna of elementary cell with L shaped symmetrical dipole, the half-wave that comprises design flow, the combination of all-wave and joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole elementary cell, during the electrical length identical (or inequality) of basic symmetrical dipole unit or joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, the power gain ratio of wave amplitude power antenna receiving channels signal, equal the power (or product) of each symmetrical dipole cell power gain ratio, take advantage of degree to equal the total amount of basic symmetrical dipole unit or joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, the metallic conductor length of each unit symmetrical dipole and electrical length are suitable to be equated symmetrically, the power gain of wave amplitude power antenna is restricted by its electrical length, total electrical length and unit symmetrical dipole electrical length and quantity of units mutual restriction, the best electrical length of the unit symmetrical dipole of master-plan, optimal design are the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit of all-wave symmetrical dipole unit or all-wave on the high channel with frequency range; With the joining wave band identification of wave amplitude power antenna clutch, identification inductor, identification capacitor and synthetic line combination can be arranged.

The various forms of O shape active dipole is the differentiation based on folded dipole, and therefore, the fundamental characteristics of folded dipole is the general character that O shape active dipole has.Can be with two length that horizontal segment is identical about the folded dipole, equivalence is two identical L shaped symmetrical dipole L _AAnd L _B, about two identical reduced widths of vertical section be L _CAnd L _D, L _AThe center be voltage wave node O, L _BThe center be feeding interface spacing W.

During as transmitting antenna, folded dipole is closed-loop path in parallel state to the high-frequency current of input radiation power, and the positive negative value that high-frequency current is instantaneous is by equivalent oscillator L _BApex drive interface W input, carry over its both arms conductor and extend expansion to two, respectively through L _CAnd L _DTo equivalent oscillator L _AMid point O neutralization be zero, at equivalent oscillator L _AAnd L _BAround, set up instantaneous electric field or magnetic field.Because equivalent oscillator L _AAnd L _BInput high-frequency current instantaneous value equal and opposite in direction, L _AAnd L _BThe radiation field electric field of setting up on every side or the instantaneous strength E in magnetic field _AAnd E _B, or H _AAnd H _BAlso equate, that is: E _A=E _BOr H _A=H _BTherefore, E _A+ E _B=2E _AOr 2E _B, H _A+ H _B=2H _AOr 2H _BSo the radiant power of O shape folded dipole output is equivalent oscillator L _AOr L _B2 times, electric-level gain B _P=3.01dB.Under the identical condition of the input impedance of oscillator, when importing identical radiant power to active dipole, the output radiation power of O shape folded dipole is 2 times of L shaped active dipole.

During as reception antenna, the equivalent oscillator L of folded dipole _AAnd L _BElectrical length identical, characteristic impedance is also identical, the corresponding electric field amplitude signal that receives horizontal polarized wave is at equivalent oscillator L _AAnd L _BThe both arms metallic conductor on, induction generates two equal-sized induced electromotive force E respectively _AAnd E _B, that is: E _A=E _B, or E _A+ E _B=2E _AOr 2E _E, therefore, the received power that O shape folded dipole receives electromagnetic wave induction is equivalent oscillator L _AOr L _B2 times.

In the short circuit of O shape folded dipole received power and the minimum invalid power output of characteristic and received power.Equivalent oscillator L in folded dipole _AVoltage wave node O is on the left and right sides both arms at center, and induction generates instantaneous induced electromotive force E _AThe positive negative value of high-frequency current.Because voltage wave node O is equivalent oscillator L _ALeft and right sides both arms directly connect, connect the central point of one, form the short-circuit conductor of the positive and negative high-frequency current direct path of induced electromotive force EA instantaneous value, therefore, equivalent oscillator L _AShort-circuit conductor for the induction of high frequency electric current.At equivalent oscillator L _ABoth arms on, the induction that receives electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal generates the positive negative value of instantaneous induced electromotive force high-frequency current, flowing to voltage wave node O neutralization immediately is zero, makes oscillator L _AThe output of received power becomes invalid power output.Because O shape folded dipole receives the induced electromotive force E of electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal _O=E _A+ E _BSo,, the minimum invalid power output Pmim=50% of O shape folded dipole received power.

The maximum effective output of O shape folded dipole received power.Equivalent oscillator L in folded dipole _BBoth arms on induction generate instantaneous induced electromotive force E _BThe positive negative value of high-frequency current by apex drive interface W output, be transferred to receiving equipment or television set through feeder line.Therefore, by the received power of apex drive interface W output, be the effective output of O shape folded dipole received power.As equivalent oscillator L _BReceived power when all exporting by apex drive interface W, be the maximum effective output of O shape folded dipole received power.

The maximal received power gain of O shape folded dipole reception antenna.Equivalent oscillator L in O shape folded dipole _AAnd L _BOn, the induced electromotive force E that induction generates _AAnd E _BEquate L _AAnd L _BOn received power P _AAnd P _BAlso equate.If the received power of O shape folded dipole equals 2W, that is: P _A+ P _BDuring=2W, the maximum effective output of O shape folded dipole received power is equivalent oscillator L _BReceived power P _B, because equivalent oscillator L _BReceived power P _B=1W is so the maximum effective output of O shape folded dipole received power is than being P _B/ (P _A+ P _B)=0.5, therefore, the maximum effective output gain of O shape folded dipole received power or maximal received power gain ratio G _P=0.5, electric-level gain B _P=-3.01dB.

O shape folded dipole is as transmitting antenna and its during as reception antenna, radiant power gain B _PMaximum effective output gain B with received power _P, form the reciprocity gain coefficient of two opposite each other negatives mutually, that is: the 3.01dB～B of transmitting antenna _PThe reception antenna of～-3.01dB, reciprocal characteristic that O shape active dipole antenna has that Here it is.

In the parallel connection of the O shape folded dipole reception antenna power output shunting and characteristic.The L of folded dipole metallic conductor geometrical length _A, L _CAnd L _D, be connected in parallel on equivalent oscillator L _BBoth arms on form L _A, L _CAnd L _DCharacteristic impedance series connection after, again with L _BThe characteristic impedance parallel connection.L _BThe high-frequency current of induced electromotive force on the both arms is when flowing to apex drive interface W output effective power, also respectively by the outboard end of both arms, through L _CAnd L _DFlow to L _ATo voltage wave node O neutralization is zero, forms L _BThe reactance capacity shunting of output-parallel has reduced the effective power output of O shape folded dipole received power.

The characteristic that coexists with loss in the short circuit neutralization of the O shape folded dipole received power shunting in parallel with power output is the fundamental characteristics that O shape active dipole reception antenna has.

The receiving efficiency of O shape active dipole antenna is the effective output of reception antenna and the ratio of received power.The receiving efficiency η of O shape active dipole is calculated by following empirical formula: $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{0.375\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2L_a}{d}0.5\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2L_a}{d}-0.875}{\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2L_a}{d}+l_n\frac{2L_a}{d}-2}\×100\%$

In the formula, La: equivalent oscillator L _AOr L _BElectrical length (mm);

Lc: the reduced width L of folded dipole _COr L _D(mm);

D: folded dipole conductor diameter (mm).

Suppose the conductor diameter d=10mm of reception antenna folded dipole, reduced width L _COr L _D=80mm, the equivalent oscillator L of design work on 1 channel _AOr L _BElectrical length be 2696mm, use above-mentioned empirical formula to calculate folded dipole receiving efficiency η ≈ 40.64%, the effective output that is this folded dipole is 0.4064 of a received power, effectively incoming level gain B _P≈-3.91dB.

The minimum effective output or the minimum receiving efficiency of O shape active dipole antenna received power.Reduced width L when O shape folded dipole antenna _CAnd L _DWhen being zero, the effective output minimum of O shape folded dipole antenna received power.Because equivalent oscillator L _aWith L _bElectrical length identical, their characteristic impedance is also identical, so the minimum effective output of O shape folded dipole antenna is 0.375 of a received power, that is: the minimum receiving efficiency η of O shape folded dipole reception antenna _Min=37.5%, the electric-level gain B during minimum receiving efficiency _P=-4.26dB.

The maximum effective output of O shape folded dipole received power is equivalent oscillator L _BReceived power, equivalent oscillator L _BReceived power identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole.Therefore, the maximum effectively received power and the directivity of O shape folded dipole are with equivalent oscillator L _bElectrical length relevant with working channel low side wavelength, have the characteristic identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole.

The linear symmetrical dipole of L shaped active dipole with the folded dipole and the circle-ring vibrator of O shape active dipole, be existing horizontal polarized wave communication antenna antenna commonly used, and the application of circle-ring vibrator and folded dipole is more extensive.Drawing O shape active dipole in research has on the basis of reciprocal characteristic of antenna, in conjunction with the relevant basic theory of prior art, list the computing empirical formula, to these three typical active dipole antennas, the power gain factor during as reception antenna is made and is analyzed and optimize as transmitting antenna and its respectively.

Circle-ring vibrator radiation field electric field strength or received power empirical Calculation formula: $E_0=\frac{Z_w\sqrt{P/R}}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2\mathrm{\λ}{(0.25+\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2})}^{3/2}(1+k)},(V/m)$ In the formula, Z _w: the free space wave impedance, its value is about 376.819437 Ω;

P: the radiant power of input oscillator;

R: the input impedance of oscillator, circle-ring vibrator input impedance R=108 Ω;

λ: working channel centre wavelength (m);

K: magnetic susceptibility, establish and get k=1.

L shaped symmetrical dipole radiation field electric field strength or received power empirical Calculation formula:

In the formula, L: symmetrical dipole single armed electrical length (m);

: the angle of test point and symmetrical dipole planar central, often get =90 °.

Folded dipole radiation field electric field strength or received power are utilization L shaped symmetrical dipole radiation field electric field strength or received power empirical Calculation formula calculated value 2 times.

With 9 channel center wavelength X ₉=1.539m is a designing technique specification foundation, during as transmitting antenna, gives L shaped symmetrical dipole, O shape folded dipole and circle-ring vibrator input radiation power P=1W respectively, and the radiation field electric field strength of using above-mentioned empirical formula to calculate antenna is:

L shaped symmetrical dipole radiation field electric field strength E _L≈ 3.223v/m;

O shape folded dipole radiation field electric field strength E _U≈ 3.223v/m;

O shape circle-ring vibrator radiation field electric field strength E ₀≈ 5.732v/m.

During as reception antenna, suppose acceptance point electric field strength E=1v/m, the received power P that uses above-mentioned empirical formula to calculate antenna is:

The received power P of L shaped symmetrical dipole _L≈ 0.096276w;

The received power P of O shape folded dipole _U≈ 0.096276w;

The received power P of O shape circle-ring vibrator _O≈ 0.030437w.

The result that aforementioned calculation draws, in conjunction with the short circuit and the fundamental characteristics of shunting neutralization of O shape active dipole reception antenna, during as transmitting antenna, the gain of the radiant power of preferred O shape circle-ring vibrator is higher; During as reception antenna, the gain of the received power of preferred L shaped symmetrical dipole is higher.O shape folded dipole is identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole as the radiant power gain of transmitting antenna, is less than or equal to L shaped symmetrical dipole as the received power gain of reception antenna, is higher than O shape circle-ring vibrator.

The input and the power output of L shaped symmetrical dipole transmitting antenna and reception antenna are the electric current series connection transmission characteristic that oscillator is opened a way, and have the reciprocity property of antenna.

The electrical length of L shaped doublet antenna, power gain and directivity are relevant with working channel low side wavelength.When the electrical length of L shaped symmetrical dipole was set, its power gain and directivity were restricted by working channel low side wavelength.

When L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe 0＜2L＜λ _D/ 2 o'clock, power gain ratio G _P0.5Be 2 times of its electrical length 2L with the ratio of half-wave dipole electrical length 2L square, that is: $G_{P0.5}={\left[\frac{4L}{(1-\mathrm{\Δ}\%)\mathrm{\λ}/2}\right]}^2$ 。

When L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L and working channel low side wavelength X _{D is}2L=λ _D/ 2 o'clock, power gain ratio G _P0.5Calculating identical with following formula, power gain factor reaches the peak of L shaped half-wave doublet antenna, power gain ratio G _P0.51.94～2.11 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P0.5≈ 2.87～3.24dB.

When L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe λ _D＞2L＞λ _D/ 2 o'clock, power gain ratio G _P, be 2 times of its electrical length 2L with working channel low side wavelength X _DRatio and L shaped half-wave doublet power gain ratio G _P0.5Product, that is: G _P=G _P0.54L/ λ _D

When L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe 2L 〉=λ _DThe time, power gain ratio G _PBe L shaped half-wave doublet merit gain ratio G _P0.5Square, that is: GP=G _P ⁸ _0.5Power gain factor reaches the peak of L shaped doublet antenna, i.e. power gain ratio G _P3.75～4.44 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P≈ 5.74～6.47dB.

L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 0＜2L≤λ _D, be called the half-wave doublet antenna at/2 o'clock; 2L＞λ _D, be called the all-wave doublet antenna at/2 o'clock.

Electrical length 0＜2L≤the λ of L shaped doublet antenna _DThe time, the highest with power gain on the axial perpendicular direction of oscillator.

Electrical length 2L＞the λ of L shaped doublet antenna _DThe time, the maximum power gain direction of oscillator occurs tilting, slanted angle α, be oscillator tilt axially and the angle between the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, be with working channel low side wavelength X _DThe wavelength width parallel lines that parallel with the electromagnetic wave propagation direction are contained in all-wave symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L in the parallel lines and exceed.The angle [alpha] of the axial and electromagnetic wave propagation direction that oscillator tilts can be calculated by the α empirical formula.That is:

The electrical length 2L of L shaped doublet antenna is λ _D＜2L＜2 λ _DThe time, with the power gain decline on the axial perpendicular direction of oscillator, on the oscillator horizontal direction, each two four symmetrical incline directions that power gain is identical before and after occurring.

As L shaped symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L 〉=2 λ _DThe time, with power gain on the oscillator vertical direction be zero, on the horizontal direction of oscillator, the power gain before and after occurring on each two four symmetrical incline directions is the highest.

The electrical length of L shaped symmetrical dipole reception antenna is relevant with the apex drive interface width with the metallic conductor length of oscillator, and electrical length equals metallic conductor length and feeding interface width sum.Same symmetrical dipole shortens its metallic conductor length, increases the feeding interface spacing, and the electrical length of oscillator is constant, and the power gain factor and the directivity factor of receiving channels signal also remain unchanged.

L shaped joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole reception antenna, antenna surface is sayed, be with L shaped half-wave or all-wave symmetrical dipole both arms metallic conductor length, divide and be truncated into more piece equal in length or unequal metallic conductor joint number, the spacing that keeps 0.5cm～20cm scope between the joint metallic conductor, joint metallic conductor length is arranged in the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole integral form of half-wave or all-wave in regular turn according to left and right symmetrically, make the metallic conductor both arms of every joint symmetry, form one pair of relatively independent doublet antenna, the doublet antenna of one pair of half-wave or all-wave is to overpay the half-wave that electrical length do not wait or the composite entity of all-wave doublet antenna.For electromagnetic wave, be half-wave λ with signal wavelength _D/ 2 or all-wave λ _DElectric field amplitude, by oscillator metallic conductor joint length, the wave amplitude signal that is divided into different amplitudes receives synthetic.

Joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole electrical length equals to save spacing and the apex drive interface width sum between metallic conductor length, the joint metallic conductor.The electric-level gain B of joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole receiving channels signal _PBe 1.13 times of L shaped symmetrical dipole, directivity is identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole.

Wave amplitude power antenna is one pair of L shaped doublet antenna, is again the combination of the symmetrical dipole elementary cell of some half-waves, all-wave and joint amplitude wave.The unit symmetrical dipole, it is the basic symmetrical dipole unit of power antenna, it is the doublet antenna of one pair of half-wave or all-wave, each unit constitutes the joint amplitude wave doublet antenna of half-wave or all-wave again mutually, thereby be combined into the integral body of one pair of wave amplitude power antenna, make one pair of L shaped doublet antenna, joint amplitude wave that can received signal channel wavelength, half-wave, all-wave and the electric field amplitude signal of ripple doubly receive the induction conversion in electromagnetic wave electric field energy source to improve antenna.When receiving the electromagnetic wave electric field energy, according to the electrical structure characteristics of symmetrical dipole, with the electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude doubly number, be divided into the joint amplitude wave, half-wave, all-wave of electric field amplitude and the antenna that receives of the desirable wave amplitude form of ripple doubly, also be called the wave amplitude reception antenna.When the electrical length of 1～n basic symmetrical dipole unit or 1～n joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit is mutually different, the power gain ratio G of wave amplitude power antenna receiving channels signal _P, equal each symmetrical dipole unit or each joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole cell power gain ratio G _P1～nProduct, that is: G _P=G _P1G _P2G _PNIt is mutual when identical that the basic symmetrical dipole unit of 1～n or 1～n save the electrical length of amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, the power gain ratio G of wave amplitude power antenna receiving channels signal _P, equal unit symmetrical dipole power gain ratio G _P1～nPower, take advantage of degree to equal symmetrical dipole unit total amount 1～n, i.e. G _P=G _{P1,2 ... n} ^1～nThe directivity of wave amplitude power antenna is by basic symmetrical dipole unit electrical length or joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit electrical length and the decision of receiving channels low side wavelength, therefore identical with the directivity of L shaped doublet antenna.The brachium L of wave amplitude power antenna electrical length _aAnd L _b, equal to save the metallic conductor length L _A1～nAnd L _B1～nAnd the spacing K between them (or being unit symmetrical dipole apex drive interface width K or W) sum.

The metallic conductor length and the electrical length of each unit symmetrical dipole of wave amplitude power reception antenna, suitable equal symmetrically, so that each unit symmetrical dipole constitutes the metallic conductor length and the electrical length of joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole each other, also equate symmetrically.

The electrical length of wave amplitude power reception antenna and the electrical length of unit symmetrical dipole and quantity of units mutual restriction.The power gain of wave amplitude power reception antenna is relevant with its electrical length, and is relevant with basic symmetrical dipole unit electrical length and quantity of units again, and also to constitute joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit electrical length and quantity of units each other relevant with the unit symmetrical dipole.

The best electrical length of the unit symmetrical dipole of wave amplitude power antenna master-plan, optimal design are the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit of all-wave symmetrical dipole unit or all-wave on the high channel with frequency range.

The power gain of wave amplitude power antenna receiving signal channel is restricted by the electrical length of antenna and unit symmetrical dipole electrical length and quantity of units.Under possible condition, increase the electrical length and the basic symmetrical dipole quantity of units of antenna, can improve the power gain of antenna receiving channels signal effectively.

One pair of wave amplitude power antenna that television receiver uses when the electrical length of design is 288cm, is receiving V _LOn the frequency band signals channel, be the joint amplitude wave doublet antenna of half-wave and all-wave, power gain ratio G _P1.98～3.74 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P≈ 2.96～15.73dB.Receiving V _HOn the frequency band signals channel, be the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole square antenna of all-wave, power gain ratio G _P13.02～19.3 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P≈ 11.15～13.0dB.Receiving on the U frequency band signals channel, be all-wave symmetrical dipole four directions antenna, power gain ratio G _P220.8～334.0 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P≈ 23.44～25.0dB.

Any large-scale antenna array all is the combination by numerous elementary cell active dipoles.One pair when being 724cm, receiving V for the wave amplitude power antenna electrical length of elementary cell _LOn the frequency band signals channel, be the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole square antenna of all-wave, power gain ratio G _P5.79～15.68 times of ≈, electric-level gain B _P≈ 7.76～12.0dB.Receiving V _HOn the frequency band signals channel, be the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole all directions antenna of half-wave and all-wave, power gain ratio G _P91.9～1021 times of ≈, electric-level gain G _P≈ 19.63～30.09dB.Receiving on the U frequency band signals channel, be all-wave symmetrical dipole 16 side's antennas, power gain ratio GP ≈ 2.45 * 10 ⁶～1.26 * 10 ¹⁰Doubly, electric-level gain B _P≈ 63.89～101.0dB.

The Optimization Design of wave amplitude power antenna.When getting the electrical length 2L=7m of wave amplitude power antenna ± 0.5m, this length is greater than VHF very high frequency(VHF) V _LThe low side wavelength X of frequency range 1 channel _D1=6.1856m, therefore, can be with antenna at V _LBe designed to square antenna L of two basic symmetrical dipole unit on the frequency range _aAnd L _bAccording to being the Optimization Design of golden ripple symmetrical dipole unit on high channel, with the electrical length L of two basic symmetrical dipole unit with frequency range _aAnd L _b, all design at V _LFrequency range 5 channel low side wavelength X _D5On the ≈ 3580mm, add two unit symmetrical dipole L _LaAnd L _LbBetween spacing W=80mm, total electrical length 2L=7240mm of wave amplitude power antenna.

The quantity of units optimal design of basic symmetrical dipole can be used the electrical length of design cell symmetrical dipole, and the high and low channel power gain of evaluation work frequency range and the method for power gain mean value compare and preferably determine.

Wave amplitude power antenna is operated in V _LOn the frequency range, be designed to square antenna of 2 unit symmetrical dipoles, unit symmetrical dipole V _LaAnd V _LbElectrical length be 2L=3580mm, and and V _LFrequency range 5 channel low side wavelength X _D5Equate.V _LaAnd V _LbApex drive interface width or spacing K=80mm, single armed metallic conductor length L _D=1750mm.Be operated in V _LIt on 1～5 channel of frequency range all-wave doublet antenna unit.

At V _HOn the frequency range, the single armed metallic conductor length L of wave amplitude square antenna element symmetrical dipole _D=1750mm is slightly less than V _HFrequency range 6 channel low side wavelength X _D6=1796.4mm is greater than 12 channel low side wavelength X _D12=1395.3mm can be with the single armed metallic conductor length L of square antenna element symmetrical dipole _D, directly be designed to two symmetrical dipole unit.Such design is operated in V _HWave amplitude power antenna on the frequency range promptly becomes all directions antenna of 8 basic symmetrical dipole unit total amounts.The electrical length 2L=855mm of the basic symmetrical dipole unit of all directions antenna, apex drive interface width or spacing K, value K=40mm, single armed metallic conductor length L _D=407.5mm.Being operated on 6,7 channels is the half-wave doublet unit, is operated in to be all-wave doublet antenna unit on 8～12 channels.

On the UHF super high band, wave amplitude is the unit symmetrical dipole single armed metallic conductor length L of antenna from all directions _D=407.5mm is slightly less than U frequency range 13 channel low side wavelength X _D13=636.9mm is greater than 68 channel low side wavelength X _D=315.8mm still can be with the single armed metallic conductor length L of all directions antenna element symmetrical dipole _D, directly be designed to a symmetrical dipole unit.Such design, be operated in the wave amplitude power antenna on the U frequency range, promptly be designed to 16 side's antennas of 16 basic symmetrical dipole unit total amounts, the electrical length 2L=407.5mm of the basic symmetrical dipole unit of 16 side's antennas, apex drive interface width or spacing K, value K=20.375mm, single armed metallic conductor length L _D=190mm.Be operated in and be all-wave symmetrical dipole element antenna on 13～68 channels of U frequency range.

Wave band identification clutch.With the joining wave band identification of wave amplitude power antenna clutch, be that wave amplitude power antenna receives the high-frequency current of inducting that electromagnetic wave induction generates, identification, separation, gating and synthetic by wave band identification clutch are transferred to signal and receive enlarger.Wave band identification clutch can have identification gating inductor, identification gating capacitor and synthetic line combination.

The inductor of identification gating high-frequency signal electric current, it can be inductance coil, the technical specification selection of parameter or the making of inductance coil, be with gating frequency range and following frequency range high-frequency signal electric current thereof, reach to separate and intercept the above high-frequency signal electric current of gating frequency range and exceed, the maximum induction reactance X of identification inductor separation gating frequency range high-frequency signal electric current _LmaxValue: 0＜X _Lmax≤ 11.359 Ω, the minimum induction reactance X of the high-frequency signal electric current that separation and obstruct gating frequency range are above _LminValue: X _Min〉=14.54 Ω.When identification gating inductor is air-core inductance, the number of turn of inductance coil, coil diameter and conductor cross-section diameter, calculated by following empirical formula: $N=\frac{X_L}{2\mathrm{\πf}{\mathrm{\μ}}_{0}R(\mathrm{Ln}\frac{R}{r_0}-1.75)},\left(T\right)$ In the formula, f: the frequency of sinusoidal ac (HZ);

μ _o: permeability of vacuum, μ _o=4 π * 10 ^-7(H/m);

R: the radius of air core coil annulus (m);

r _o: the radius in winding wire cross section (m).

The technical specification selection of parameter or the making of the capacitor of identification gating high-frequency signal electric current are with the gating frequency range and with super band high-frequency signal electric current, reach to separate and intercept the following high-frequency signal electric current of gating frequency range to exceed.The identification capacitor separates and intercepts the minimum capacitive reactance X of the following high-frequency signal electric current of gating frequency range _CminValue: X _Cmin＞720 Ω, the maximum capacitive reactance X of separation gating frequency range high-frequency signal electric current _CmaxValue: 720 Ω＜X _Cmax≤ 950 Ω.

The reciprocity and the reciprocal characteristic theoretical definition of the horizontal polarized wave doublet antenna that the present invention proposes, the one-sidedness that can correct the reciprocity property theorem existence of antenna, the fundamental characteristics theorem that the active dipole antenna is had is able to perfect; The doublet antenna of the L shaped active dipole of feasibility study and O shape active dipole as transmitting antenna and its fundamental characteristics that has as reception antenna, for selecting for use of optimal design doublet antenna class shape, provides the basic theory foundation of science; Basic research to L shaped doublet antenna, can make the basic theory of L shaped doublet antenna be returned this reduction and improve additional, the electrical length of L shaped doublet antenna, power gain and directivity, be subjected to the restriction of working channel wavelength, and the fundamental research of the correlation between them, be to be foundation with the scientific theory of the bad O of the eliminating shape of L shaped symmetrical dipole reception antenna active dipole reception antenna, thereby improve the skill water-based energy of designing antenna, raw materials consumptions such as realization saving metallic conductor reach more than 50%; The wave amplitude power antenna of feasibility study, it is the technical combinations of L shaped doublet antenna and joint amplitude wave doublet antenna, it can be with electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal, be divided into the joint amplitude wave, half-wave, all-wave or the doubly wave amplitude reception of ripple, thereby improve the received power and the power gain of antenna receiving channels signal, and can be along with the rising of received signal channel, the power gain of antenna also correspondingly improves, this is effective compensation to the propagation loss of horizontal polarized wave electric field energy and the influence of high frequency multiplying arrangement electronic device features frequency, helping radio-communication frequenciess such as existing television broadcasting expands to high band, the amplifier that can also save television receiving antenna inserts, avoid thus causing the distortion of received signal frequency and introducing and disturb, and can save the huge amounts of material of producing antenna amplifier antennafire and the consumption of electric energy, promote developing rapidly of radio communication cause such as radio and television; The wave band identification clutch of research and design, can discern the high-frequency signal electric current that separates the different frequency range signal frequency, make one pair of L shaped doublet antenna, can be designed to joint amplitude wave, half-wave, all-wave and the symmetrical dipole power antenna of ripple compatibility doubly, realize the power rule that antenna power gain ratio rises.

The embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing is further described wave amplitude power antenna of the present invention and wave band identification clutch.

Fig. 1 is the wave amplitude power antenna electrical structure schematic diagram of a relatively large antenna array elementary cell electrical length 1/2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the present invention and the wave band of the corresponding connection of wave amplitude power antenna 1/2 electrical length are discerned clutch.

Wave amplitude power Antenna Design is the elementary cell of television channel antenna array, and the duty width is 7m ± 0.5m, and the technical specification of design is:

Total electrical length 2L=L _a+ L _b+ W=7240mm;

Single armed electrical length L=L _a+ W/2=L _b+ w/2=3620mm;

The metallic conductor length L _D≈ 190mm;

Joint conductor total amount 32 joints;

Metallic conductor diameter span d=10～24mm;

Center distance W=80mm;

The span of apex drive interface width or spacing K:

V _LFrequency range K=80mm ± 20mm;

V _HFrequency range K=40mm ± 20mm;

U frequency range K=20mm ± 10mm.

Because wave amplitude power antenna is the center with feeding interface or spacing W, its left and right sides both arms L _aWith L _bElectrical length and technical pattern symmetry is identical fully, so accompanying drawing 1 is only drawn wherein the electrical length La of an arm, the example of the electrical structure of wave amplitude power antenna and technical pattern as an illustration.

Be operated in V _LOn the frequency range, the joint metallic conductor L of wave amplitude power antenna _A1～8And L _A0～16, be combined as joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit V _LaBoth arms.K _A3Be joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _LaThe apex drive interface spacing of both arms, K _A1～7And K _A9～15, be respectively the spacing between the both arms joint metallic conductor.Joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit V _LaWith V _LbBe combined into square antenna of two unit of joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole.

Be operated in V _HOn the frequency range, the joint metallic conductor L of wave amplitude power antenna _A1, L _A2With L _A3, L _A4, L _A5, L _A6With L _A7, L _A8, L _A9, L _A10With L _A11, L _A12, L _A13, L _A14With L _A15, L _A16, be combined as 4 both arms that save amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, that is: V respectively _HA1, V _Ha2, V _Ha3And V _Ha44 unit joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipoles.K _A2, K _A6, K _A10And K _A14, be respectively 4 apex drive interface spacings that save amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit.K _A1With K _A3, K _A5With K _A7, K _A9With K _A11, K _A18With K _A16, be respectively the spacing between the joint metallic conductor of 4 joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit both arms.K _A4, K _A8And K _A12, be the spacing between the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit.L _aWith L _bThe joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit total amount of combination is a unit 8, so wave amplitude power antenna works in V _HSave all directions antenna of amplitude wave symmetrical dipole on the frequency range for unit 8.

Be operated on the UHF super high band joint metallic conductor L of wave amplitude power antenna _A1With L _A2, L _A3With L _A4, L _A5With L _A6, L _A7With L _A8, L _A9With L _A10, L _A11With L _A12, L _A13With L _A14, L _A15With L _A16, be respectively the both arms of 8 symmetrical dipole elementary cells, promptly La is combined as U _A1～88 basic symmetrical dipole unit.K _A1, K _A3, K _A5, K _A7, K _A9, K _A11, K _A13And K _A15, be respectively the apex drive interface spacing of 8 basic symmetrical dipole unit.K _A2, K _A4, K _A6, K _A8, K _A10, K _A13And K _A14, be respectively 8 spacings between the basic symmetrical dipole unit.L _aWith L _bBasic symmetrical dipole unit total amount be Unit 16, so it is 16 side's antennas of the basic symmetrical dipole in Unit 16 that wave amplitude power antenna works on the U frequency range.

The power gain factor of design wave amplitude power antenna array elementary cell antenna is listed in the table below:

Working frequency range	Antenna form	Working channel	Power gain factor
					Gain ratio Gp	Electric-level gain Bp
			??V L	L shaped joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole square antenna			15 is average	?5.79 ?15.68 ?9.68	??7.76dB ??12.0dB ??9.65dB
??V H	L shaped joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole is antenna from all directions	6 12 is average			?91.9 ?1021 ?306.3	??19.63dB ??30.09dB ??24.3dB
			??U	L shaped symmetrical dipole 16 side's antennas			13 68 is average	?2.45×10 6?1.26×10 10?1.76×10 8	??63.89dB ??101.0dB ??80.33dB

Wave band that accompanying drawing 2 provides identification clutch embodiment, the elementary cell antenna of the wave amplitude power antenna array that provides with accompanying drawing 1 is corresponding.Wave band identification clutch can have inductor L, capacitor C and synthetic line combination.

The inductor L of identification gating wave band high-frequency signal electric current can be the inductor of air core coil.When selecting the inductor L of air core coil for use, the number of turn of coiling frequency range air core coil can use empirical formula N to calculate.Adopt the high strength enamelled wire coiling, when diameter of wire value 0.4mm～0.6mm scope, coil diameter 4mm～6mm scope, then have:

Identification gating V _LThe inductance coil L of frequency range and following high-frequency signal electric current thereof _LThe number of turn be wound on 4.6T～45T scope;

Identification gating V _HThe inductance coil L of frequency range and following high-frequency signal electric current thereof _HThe number of turn be wound on 1.8T～17.5T scope.

The capacitor C of identification gating wave band high-frequency signal electric current can be a standardized product series capacitor, also can be the capacitor element that metallic conductor and insulating material are made.Identification gating V _HThe capacitor C of frequency range and above high-frequency signal electric current thereof _H, suitable value capacity is at C _H=1.0p～2.4p scope; The capacitor C of identification gating U frequency range and above high-frequency signal electric current thereof _U, suitable value capacity is at C _U=0.35p～0.99p scope.

Wave amplitude power antenna of the present invention and wave band identification clutch are work like this as reception antenna the time.Wave amplitude power antenna is at the V that receives VHF very high frequency(VHF) _LFrequency range and V _HDuring frequency range electromagnetic wave electric field signal, the V of wave amplitude power antenna _LaAnd V _LbBe joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole square antenna, be that doublet antenna is when receiving space electromagnetic wave electric field energy, electrical structure characteristics according to doublet antenna, with the electric field amplitude signal of electromagnetic wavelength, be divided into the joint amplitude wave, half-wave, all-wave of electric field amplitude ripple and doubly the ideal form mode of ripple receive.

Receiving V _LDuring the electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal of frequency range 1～5 channel, the joint metallic conductor L of symmetrical dipole _A1～8 and L _A9～16, L _B1～8With L _B9～16, be combined into identical, the symmetrical Second Mate of electrical length respectively and save amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _LaAnd V _LbAntenna element.At joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _LaBoth arms L _A1～8And L _A9～16On, metallic conductor L _A8With L _A9, L _A7With L _A10, L _A6With L _A11, L _A5With L _A12, L _A4With L _A13, L _A2With L _A14, L _A2With L _A15, L _A1With L _A18, constitute electrical length difference, feeding interface spacing difference, symmetrical 8 pairs of doublet antennas respectively.Metallic conductor L _A1～16Or (L _B1～16) receive electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal energy source, respond to the high-frequency signal electric current that generates, discern feeder line, the identification gating inductor L of clutch respectively by wave band _LAnd L _LH, separate and take out the V that holds in the same way with on the arm joint metallic conductor _LThe high-frequency signal electric current of frequency range 1～5 channel is synthetic, is transferred to 1～5 channel TV signal code of television receiver.Joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _LaOr V _LbBoth arms on, with the co-channel anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of backward end on the arm joint metallic conductor, owing to be subjected to the wave band identification de-couple capacitors C of wave band identification clutch _HU, C _UAnd C _H, and wave band identification separate inductive device L _HBuffer action, make and hold co-channel (adjective) homophase high-frequency signal electric current on the metallic conductor in the same way, can only take out synthetic output from the end in the same way of joint metallic conductor, and can not take out the anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of co-channel (adjective) from the backward end of joint metallic conductor, avoid causing the positive and negative opposite synthetic neutralization of cancelling out each other.Thereby guaranteed symmetrical dipole joint metallic conductor L _A1～18Or L _B1～18, Zu He two pairs of 8 identical symmetrical dipoles respectively, receive the electric field amplitude signal of same frequency band signals channel wavelength after, by identification, separation and the gating of wave band identification clutch, the channel signals electric current that takes out similar frequency bands is synthetic, makes L _aWith L _bBe combined as V _LV on the frequency range _LaAnd V _LbTwo pairs of identical joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole square antennas.

Receiving V _HDuring the electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal of frequency range 6～12 channels, joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _La(or V _Lb) joint metallic conductor L _A1～4, L _A5～8, L _A9～12And L _A13～16, be combined as V respectively _Ha1, V _Ha2, V _Ha3And V _Ha4The identical joint amplitude wave doublet antenna unit of 4 pairs of electrical lengths.V _Ha1Joint metallic conductor L _A2With L _A3, L _A1With L _A4, V _Ha2Joint metallic conductor L _A6With L _A7, L _A5With L _A8, V _Ha3Joint metallic conductor L _A10With L _A11, L _A9With L _A12, V _Ha4Joint metallic conductor L _A14With L _A15, L _A13With L _A16, constitute electrical length difference, feeding interface spacing difference, symmetrical each two pairs of doublet antenna respectively.Metallic conductor L _A1～16(or L _B1～16) receive electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal energy source, respond to the high-frequency signal electric current that generates, discern feeder line, the identification gating inductor L of clutch respectively by wave band _LH, L _H, and identification gating capacitor C _H, C _HU, separate and take out each same symmetrical dipole with the V that holds in the same way on the arm joint metallic conductor _HFrequency range 6～12 channel high-frequency signal electric currents are synthetic, are transferred to 6～12 channel TV signal codes of television receiver.Joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _Ha1, V _Ha2, V _Ha3And V _Ha4Both arms on, with the co-channel anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of backward end on the arm joint metallic conductor, owing to be subjected to the wave band identification de-couple capacitors C of wave band identification clutch _UAnd wave band identification separate inductive device L _LEvery the height effect, make and hold co-channel (adjective) homophase high-frequency signal electric current on the metallic conductor in the same way, can only take out synthetic output from end in the same way, and can not take out the anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of co-channel (adjective) from backward end, avoid causing the positive and negative opposite synthetic neutralization of cancelling out each other.Thereby guaranteed symmetrical dipole joint metallic conductor L _A1～16Or L _B1～16, Zu He 8 pairs of 16 identical symmetrical dipoles respectively, receive the electric field amplitude signal of same frequency band signals channel wavelength after, by identification, separation and the gating of wave band identification clutch, the channel signals electric current that takes out similar frequency bands is synthetic, makes L _aWith L _bBe combined as V _Ha1～4And V _Hb1～48 pairs of identical joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipoles antennas from all directions.

When receiving the electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal of U frequency range 13～68 channels, joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole V _La(or V _Lb) joint metallic conductor L _A1With L _A2, L _A3With L _A4, L _A5With L _A6, L _A7With L _A8, L _A9With L _A10, L _A11With L _A12, L _A13With L _A14, L _A15With L _A16, be combined as U respectively _A1, U _A2, U _A3, U _A4, U _A5, U _A6, U _A7And U _A8The identical basic doublet antenna unit of 8 pairs of electrical lengths.Metallic conductor L _A1～16(or L _B1～16) receive electromagnetic wave electric field amplitude signal energy source, respond to the high-frequency signal electric current that generates, discern the feeder line and the identification gating capacitor C of clutch respectively by wave band _U, C _BU, separating on the joint of the arm in the same way metallic conductor that takes out each basic symmetrical dipole unit, the high-frequency signal electric current of Duan U frequency range 13～68 channels is synthetic in the same way, is transferred to 13～68 channel TV signal codes of television receiver.Elementary cell symmetrical dipole U _A1～8Metallic conductor on, the co-channel anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of backward end is owing to be subjected to the wave band identification separate inductive device L of wave band identification clutch _H, L _LBuffer action, make co-channel (adjective) homophase high-frequency signal electric current on the metallic conductor, can only take out synthetic output from end in the same way, and can not take out the anti-phase high-frequency signal electric current of co-channel (adjective) from the backward end of metallic conductor, avoid causing positive and negative opposite synthetic mutually neutralization.Thereby guaranteed symmetrical dipole joint metallic conductor L _A1～16Or L _B1～16, receive the electric field amplitude signal of same frequency band signals channel wavelength after, by the synthetic combination of identification, separation and the gating of wave band identification clutch, make L _aWith L _bBe combined as U _A1～8And U _B1～816 side's antennas of 16 pairs of identical basic symmetrical dipole unit.

Claims (5)

1, basic theory and the wave amplitude power reception antenna or the antenna array of theoretical theorem of the fundamental characteristics of radio communication equipment antennas such as the radio and television of horizontal polarized wave and L shaped doublet antenna, the paper " Antenna ﹠ Radiao Waves " of " radio amateur's handbook (on) " the 439th page of chapter 7 that China published in 1985, feature of the present invention is, transmitting antenna and reception antenna have symmetry, be that transmitting antenna is when identical with reception antenna, the gain coefficient of two kinds of antennas, directivity factor, parameters such as characteristic impedance, L shaped active dipole has identical reciprocity, O shape active dipole has the reciprocity of negative, and this symmetry is called the reciprocity and the reciprocal characteristic of antenna; O shape active dipole, as transmitting antenna and its during as reception antenna, radiant power gain B _PWith the effective received power gain of maximum B _P, form the 3.01dB～B of transmitting antenna mutually _PThe reciprocal characteristic of the opposite each other negative of the reception antenna of～-3.01dB, in the short circuit neutralization of the received power that has as reception antenna and the shunting in parallel of power output and the loss coexistence, receiving efficiency 37.5%≤η≤50% is the fundamental characteristics that O shape active dipole reception antenna has; Power gain is optimized the active dipole of transmitting antenna and reception antenna, the radiant power gain of the preferred O shape of transmitting antenna circle-ring vibrator is higher, the received power gain of the preferred L shaped symmetrical dipole of reception antenna is higher, the radiant power gain of O shape folded dipole is identical with L shaped symmetrical dipole, L shaped symmetrical dipole is less than or equal in the received power gain, is higher than O shape circle-ring vibrator; L shaped symmetrical dipole, input power and power output as transmitting antenna and reception antenna, the electric current series characteristic that is the oscillator open circuit, reciprocity property with antenna, the electrical length of oscillator, power gain and directivity, relevant with working channel low side wavelength, power gain and directivity are restricted by working channel low side wavelength, the electrical length 2L of half-wave doublet and the long λ of working channel low side liquid _DBe 0＜2L≤λ _D/ 2, the electrical length 2L of all-wave symmetrical dipole and working channel low side wavelength X _DBe 2L＞λ _D/ 2, the directivity of oscillator is relevant with working channel low side wavelength with electrical length, electrical length 2L＞λ _DThe time, the direction that the maximum power gain appears in oscillator tilts; Shorten the conductor length of L shaped doublet antenna, increase the apex drive interface width, keep its electrical length constant, the power gain factor and the directivity factor of receiving channels signal are constant, with L shaped symmetrical dipole both arms conductor length, divide and be truncated into more piece equal in length or unequal joint conductor, the spacing of remaining valid between the joint conductor, joint conductor length left and right symmetrically is arranged in one pair of L shaped symmetrical dipole integral form in regular turn, make the joint conductor of each symmetry form one pair of relatively independent doublet antenna, joint conductor by symmetrical dipole, electric field amplitude energy with electromagnetic half-wave or all-wave, the wave amplitude signal that is divided into different amplitudes receives and synthesizes, and saves amplitude wave symmetrical dipole reception antenna for it; Wave amplitude power antenna or antenna array element, be to be the antenna of elementary cell with L shaped symmetrical dipole, the half-wave that comprises design flow, the combination of all-wave and joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole elementary cell, during the electrical length identical (or inequality) of basic symmetrical dipole unit or joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, the power gain ratio of wave amplitude power antenna receiving channels signal, equal the power (or product) of each symmetrical dipole cell power gain ratio, take advantage of degree to equal the total amount of basic symmetrical dipole unit or joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit, the conductor length of each unit symmetrical dipole, electrical length can be to equate symmetrically, the power gain of wave amplitude power antenna is restricted by its electrical length, total electrical length and unit symmetrical dipole electrical length and quantity of units mutual restriction, the best electrical length of the unit symmetrical dipole of master-plan, optimal design are the joint amplitude wave symmetrical dipole unit of all-wave symmetrical dipole unit or all-wave on the high channel with frequency range; With the joining wave band identification of wave amplitude power antenna clutch, identification inductor, identification capacitor and synthetic line combination can be arranged.

2, according to the receiving efficiency of the described O shape of claim 1 active dipole, be the effective output of reception antenna and the ratio of received power, the empirical Calculation formula of receiving efficiency η is: $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{0.375\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2\mathrm{La}}{d}+0.5\mathrm{La}\frac{2\mathrm{Lc}}{d}-0.875}{\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2\mathrm{La}}{d}+\mathrm{Ln}\frac{2\mathrm{Lc}}{d}-2}\×100\%.$

3, optimize radiation field electric field strength E (or received power P) the empirical Calculation formula of transmitting antenna and reception antenna active dipole according to the described power gain of claim 1, the E of circle-ring vibrator _O(or P _O), the E of L shaped symmetrical dipole _L(or P _L), the E of folded dipole _U(or P _U), folded dipole is utilization E _L(or P _L) 2 times of calculating formula calculated value, calculating formula has: $E_0=\frac{Z_{w\sqrt{P/R}}}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2\mathrm{\λ}(0.25+\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2}{)}^{3/2}(1+k)},(V/m),$

4, the electrical length according to the described L shaped symmetrical dipole of claim 1 is relevant with working channel low side wavelength with power gain, as 0＜2L≤λ _D/ 2 o'clock, power gain ratio $G_{P0.5}=[\frac{4L}{(1-\mathrm{\Δ}\%)\mathrm{\λ}/2}{]}^2,$ Power gain factor is at 2L=λ _DReached the peak of L shaped half-wave doublet, and worked as λ in/2 o'clock _D＞2L＞λ _D/ 2 o'clock, power gain ratio G _P=G _P0.54L/ λ _D, power gain factor is at 2L 〉=λ _DThe time reach the peak of L shaped all-wave symmetrical dipole; Electrical length 2L＞the λ of L shaped symmetrical dipole _DThe time, the maximum power gain direction of root occurs tilting, slanted angle α be oscillator tilt axially and the angle between the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, be with working channel low side wavelength X _DThe wavelength width parallel lines that parallel with the electromagnetic wave propagation direction are contained in all-wave symmetrical dipole electrical length 2L in the parallel lines and exceed.The empirical Calculation formula of oscillator tilt angle alpha is:

5, according to the described wave band identification of claim 1 clutch, the identification capacitor is with the gating frequency range and with super band high-frequency signal electric current, and separate and intercept and select the following high-frequency signal electric current of distant frequency range to exceed, the value capacity can be 0＜C≤2.4P, it can be the capacitor of standardized product series: the identification inductor, it can be inductance coil, the value number of turn during for inductance coil, be with gating frequency range and following frequency range high frequency value electric current thereof, reach to separate and intercept the above high-frequency signal electric current of gating frequency range and exceed the number of turn of inductance coil, the empirical Calculation formula of coil diameter and lead line face diameter is: $N=\frac{X_L}{2\mathrm{\πf}{\mathrm{\μ}}_{0}R(\mathrm{Lo}\frac{R}{r_0}-1.75)},$

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