CN117956956A - 外科手术系统和使用方法 - Google Patents
外科手术系统和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117956956A CN117956956A CN202280061370.9A CN202280061370A CN117956956A CN 117956956 A CN117956956 A CN 117956956A CN 202280061370 A CN202280061370 A CN 202280061370A CN 117956956 A CN117956956 A CN 117956956A
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- coating
- polymer
- substrate
- surgical device
- fibers
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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Abstract
一种外科手术装置包括衬底和覆盖该衬底的至少一部分的第一涂层。该第一涂层包括第一聚合物。该第一涂层具有抗生素,这些抗生素分散在该第一聚合物中,使得随着该第一聚合物降解,该第一聚合物释放这些抗生素。第二涂层覆盖该第一涂层的至少一部分。该第二涂层包括第二聚合物。该第二聚合物包括藻酸盐。该第二涂层具有止血剂,该止血剂分散在该第二聚合物中,使得随着该第二聚合物降解,该第二聚合物释放该止血剂。该止血剂选自肾上腺素、氨甲环酸、脱乙酰壳多糖和氧化再生纤维素。在一些实施方案中,公开了系统和方法。
Description
技术领域
本公开整体涉及锚定装置和被构造用于将可植入医疗装置锚定在体内的方法,其中该锚定装置包括被构造为随时间推移洗脱的至少一种止血剂和至少一种抗生素。
背景技术
一些已知的锚定装置可以用于将可植入医疗装置固定在患者体内。锚定装置和可植入医疗装置可以插入到患者体内的期望位置。锚定装置可以用于帮助将可植入医疗装置锚定或支撑到周围组织。一些已知的锚定装置用于在愈合过程期间对组织提供临时支撑。例如,一些已知的锚定装置可以将组织的一部分固定到组织的另一部分。
感染和出血是外科手术后最严重的并发症。由于外科手术部位感染(SSI)引起的成本估计增加对于SSI总体为$11,876(对于表面感染为$7003并且对于深度感染为$25,721)。然而,在目前的$60亿止血剂市场中,很少有能够解决这种未满足的需求的产品。因此,期望在将可植入医疗装置锚定到组织的同时停止或减少外科手术部位处的血液流动。一些已知的锚定装置至少部分地由胶原制成和/或被构造为释放胶原以停止或减少血液流动。然而,此类装置中所用的胶原是经过研磨、酸处理和胃蛋白酶处理的高度加工形式的胶原。加工步骤使得胶原能够容易地溶解并浇铸成膜,但也导致分子量降低并潜在地使蛋白质结构变性。具体地,这种加工可影响胶原的三螺旋肽,这些三螺旋肽是结合到血小板上的受体从而帮助刺激血小板聚集的天然序列。本公开描述了对这些现有技术的改进。
发明内容
提供了新的锚定装置和方法以帮助将可植入医疗装置锚定或支撑到周围组织。在一个实施方案中,根据本公开的原理,一种外科手术装置包括衬底和覆盖该衬底的至少一部分的第一涂层。该第一涂层包括第一聚合物。该第一涂层具有抗生素和/或其他活性药物成分API,这些抗生素和/或其他API分散在该第一聚合物中,使得随着该第一聚合物降解,该第一聚合物释放这些抗生素和/或其他API。第二涂层覆盖该第一涂层的至少一部分。该第二涂层包括第二聚合物。该第二聚合物包括藻酸盐。该第二涂层具有止血剂,该止血剂分散在该第二聚合物中,使得随着该第二聚合物降解,该第二聚合物释放止血剂。该止血剂选自由肾上腺素、氨甲环酸、脱乙酰壳多糖和氧化再生纤维素组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,根据本公开的原理,一种外科手术装置包括由第一聚合物制成的衬底。该衬底包括抗生素和/或其他API,这些抗生素和/或其他API分散在该第一聚合物中,使得随着该第一聚合物降解,该第一聚合物释这些放抗生素和/或其他API。涂层覆盖该衬底的至少一部分。该涂层包括第二聚合物。该第二聚合物包括藻酸盐。该第二涂层具有止血剂,该止血剂分散在该第二聚合物中,使得随着该第二聚合物降解,该第二聚合物释放止血剂。该止血剂选自由肾上腺素、氨甲环酸、脱乙酰壳多糖和氧化再生纤维素组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,根据本公开的原理,一种外科手术装置包括衬底和覆盖该衬底的至少一部分的第一涂层。该第一涂层包括第一聚合物。该第一涂层具有抗生素和/或其他API,这些抗生素和/或其他API分散在该第一聚合物中,使得随着该第一聚合物降解,该第一聚合物释这些放抗生素和/或其他API。第二涂层覆盖该第一涂层的至少一部分。该第二涂层包括第二聚合物。该第二聚合物包括藻酸盐。该第二涂层具有氨甲环酸剂,该氨甲环酸剂分散在该第二聚合物中,使得随着该第二聚合物降解,该第二聚合物释放氨甲环酸。该衬底包括由多根纤维制成的网。该第一涂层直接连结这些纤维,使得该第一涂层沿这些纤维中的每一者的长度的至少一部分围绕这些纤维中的每一者延伸360度。该第二涂层直接连结该第一涂层,使得该第二涂层沿这些纤维中的每一者的长度的至少一部分围绕这些纤维中的每一者延伸小于360度。该第一聚合物包括源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯。该藻酸盐选自由藻酸钠和藻酸钙组成的组。在一些实施方案中,该藻酸盐具有范围从低到高的分子量(10cps至2000cps的1%溶液的粘度)和甘露糖醛酸与葡萄糖醛酸的比例范围。在一些实施方案中,该藻酸盐可以天然或氧化形式存在。在一些实施方案中,使用藻酸盐上的酯化羟基。在一些实施方案中,这些抗生素选自由利福平和米诺环素以及它们的混合物组成的组。
各个实施方案的另外的特征和优点将在以下说明中部分阐述,并且将部分地通过说明而显而易见,或者可通过实践各个实施方案进行了解。各个实施例的目的和其它优点将借助于具体地在说明书和所附权利要求书中所指出的要素和组合来实现和获得。
附图说明
通过以下附图的具体描述,本公开将变得更加显而易见,其中:
图1是根据本公开的原理的外科手术系统的部件的平面图;
图2是根据本公开的原理的图1所示的外科手术系统的部件的一个实施方案的透视图;
图3是图2所示的部件的详细顶部横截面视图;
图4是图2所示的部件的透视图;
图5是图2所示的部件的侧视横截面视图;
图6是图2所示的部件的侧视横截面视图;
图7是图2所示的部件的侧视横截面视图;
图8是图2所示的部件的透视图;
图9是图2所示的部件原位的透视图;
图10是根据本公开的原理的图1所示的外科手术系统的部件的一个实施方案的详细侧视横截面视图;
图11是示出药剂从图2和图10所示的部件的相对释放速率的图;
图12是示出根据本公开的原理的制造图1所示的外科手术系统的部件的一个实施方案的一个步骤的透视图;并且
图13是示出根据本公开的原理的制造图1所示的外科手术系统的部件的一个实施方案的一个步骤的透视图。
具体实施方式
出于本说明书和所附权利要求书的目的,除非另外指示,否则在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的表达成分的量、材料的百分比或比例和其他数值的所有数字应理解为在所有情况下均由术语″约″修饰。因此,除非作相反指示,否则在以下说明书和所附权利要求书中所阐述的数字参数是可以取决于试图通过本发明获得的所需特性而变化的近似值。最低限度地,并且不试图限制等效物原则应用于权利要求书的范围,至少应根据所报告的有效位的数目并且通过应用一般四舍五入技术来解释每个数值参数。
尽管本文阐述本发明广泛范围的数值范围和参数是近似值;但具体实例中所阐述的数值是尽可能精确报告的。但是,任何数值固有地含有某些必然由其对应测试测量中所发现的标准差造成的误差。此外,本文公开的所有范围都应理解为涵盖其中包含的任何和所有子范围。举例来说,范围″1到10″包含在最小值1与最大值10之间(并且包含其)的任何和所有子范围,即,具有等于或大于1的最小值与等于或小于10的最大值的任何和所有子范围,例如5.5到10。
植入电子可植入装置(EID)后的术后血肿形成是重要的装置相关并发症。术后血肿形成可导致患者疼痛增加、感染风险增加,并且可能需要外科手术干预。Essebag,V.Verma,A.等人的Clinically significant pocket hematoma increases long-termrisk of device infection.Journal of The American College of Cardiology,2016。抗凝剂和抗血小板药物的广泛使用已被认为增加了袋相关血肿的风险。所报道的EID相关血肿的频率不同,但据信为2%至5%。Chen,Y.、Li,Y.、Gao,M.等人的Incidence of pockethematoma after electrophysiological device placement:dual antiplatelettherapy versus low-molecular weight heparin regimen.Journal of GeriatricCardiology,2014。采用抗凝剂和抗血小板疗法的患者具有更高的机会出现血肿,从而导致临床医生寻找解决方案。
如上文简要讨论的,常规锚定装置中所用的胶原是经过研磨、酸处理和胃蛋白酶处理的高度加工形式的胶原。加工步骤使得胶原能够容易地溶解并浇铸成膜。不利地,加工步骤还导致分子量降低并潜在地使蛋白质结构变性。具体地,这种加工可影响胶原的三螺旋肽,这些三螺旋肽是结合到血小板上的受体从而帮助刺激血小板聚集的天然序列。Smethurst,P.A.、Onley,D.J.、Jarvis,G.E.等人的Structural basis for the platelet-collagen interaction.Journal of Biological Chemistry,2006;和Meyer,M.的Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materialsproperties.Biomedical Engineering Online,2019.
存在具有与加工的胶原类似的成膜和溶解性质同时具有提供一定止血益处的潜力的众多可用生物聚合物。一个示例是藻酸钠。Rembre,J.、Bohm,J.K.、Fromm-Dornieden,C.等人的Comparison of hemostatic dressings for superficial wounds using a newspectrophotometric coagulation assay.Journal of Translational Medicine,2015;和Timmons,J.的Alginates as haemostatic agents:worth revisiting?Wounds,2009。在整个文献中,藻酸盐被用作水凝胶、药物递送载体和用于伤口再生的支架。Yong Lee,K.、Mooney,D.J的Alginate:properties and biomedical applications.Progress inPolymer Science,2013。藻酸盐伤口敷料已经以包括AlgiSite(Smith and Nephew)、Biatain Alginate Ag(Coloplast)和Tegaderm Alginate Ag Silver Dressing(3M)的商标名成功市售。这些产品已证明藻酸盐具有令人满意的生物相容性和有记录的止血效果。
鉴于前述内容,本公开涉及基于藻酸钠或藻酸钙代替胶原的外科手术装置。含藻酸盐膜在体外显示出相比含胶原氨甲环酸膜更快地凝结血液的能力。因此,本公开的外科手术装置利用具有TYRX包膜的包含氨甲环酸的基于藻酸盐的膜,以便帮助减少出血。在一些实施方案中,替代形式可帮助增强止血活性或者帮助将膜涂层增塑以使其更软且刚性更小。这包括掺入甘油、短链碳水化合物诸如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇,或者掺入羧甲基纤维素。被公认为安全″一般安全(Gras)″的其他增塑剂诸如柠檬酸三乙基、柠檬酸酯或丙二醇。
已经用体外血液模型评估了本公开的外科手术装置。在不同的血液抗凝条件下,当与基于胶原的膜相比时,观察到凝血时间减少至少20%。具体地,本公开的外科手术装置在体外显示出相比含胶原氨甲环酸膜更快地凝结血液的能力。
现在将详细参考本发明的某些实施方案,这些实施方案的示例在附图中示出。尽管将结合所展示的实施例描述本发明,但应当理解,其并不旨在将本发明限制于那些实施例。相反,本发明旨在覆盖可包括在由所附权利要求限定的本发明内的所有替换、修改和等同物。
本公开涉及外科手术系统15。在一些实施方案中,系统15包括一个或多个锚定装置,诸如例如锚定装置20,如图1和图2所示。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20的部件可以由适于医疗应用的生物学上可接受的材料制成,包括金属、合成聚合物、同种异体移植物、异种移植物、同系移植物、陶瓷和骨材料和/或其复合物,这取决于特定应用和/或医务人员的偏好。例如,锚定装置20的部件可以单独地或共同地由以下材料制成:不锈钢合金、商业纯钛、钛合金、5级钛、超弹性钛合金、钴-铬合金,不锈钢合金、超弹性金属合金(例如,镍钛诺、超弹塑性金属,诸如由日本丰田材料公司(Toyota Material Incorporated)制造的GUM)、陶瓷和其复合物诸如磷酸钙(例如,由巴罗克公司(Biologix Inc.)制造的SKELITETM)、热塑性塑料诸如聚芳醚酮(PAEK),包括聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)和聚醚酮(PEK)、碳-PEEK复合物、PEEK-BaSO4聚合物橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、织物、硅树脂、聚氨酯、硅树脂-聚氨酯共聚物、聚合物橡胶、聚烯烃橡胶、水凝胶、半刚性和刚性材料、弹性体、橡胶、热塑性弹性体、热固性弹性体、弹性体复合物、刚性聚合物(包括聚苯硫醚、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚乙烯、环氧树脂、酪氨酸聚芳酯)、骨材料(包括自体移植物、同种异体移植物、异种移植物或转基因皮质和/或皮髓质骨),以及组织生长或分化因子、部分可再吸收的材料(例如,金属和钙基陶瓷的复合物、PEEK和钙基陶瓷的复合物、PEEK与可再吸收聚合物的复合物)、完全可再吸收的材料(例如钙基陶瓷,诸如磷酸钙、磷酸三钙(TCP)、羟基磷灰石(HA)-TCP、硫酸钙)、或其他可再吸收的聚合物(诸如聚交酯、聚乙交酯、聚酪氨酸碳酸酯、聚己内酯)以及其组合。
锚定装置20的各种部件可以具有包括上述材料的材料复合物,以实现各种所需的特性,诸如强度、刚度、弹性、顺应性、生物力学性能、耐久性和射线可透性或成像偏好。锚定装置20的部件也可以单独地或共同地由诸如两种或更多种上述材料的组合的非均质材料制成。锚定装置20的部件可以整体形成,一体地连接或包括紧固元件和/或器械,如本文所描述的。
锚定装置20被构造为耦接到和/或施加到装置,诸如例如医疗装置25,如图1所示。在一些实施方案中,医疗装置25是可植入医疗装置,如本文所讨论的。在一些实施方案中,医疗装置25是不可植入医疗装置,如本文所讨论的。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20被构造为围绕和/或包封医疗装置25的至少一部分,如本文所讨论的。锚定装置20被构造为固定到组织以支撑一个或多个装置25诸如移植物(例如,腹部主动脉瘤移植物等)、支架、导管(包括动脉、静脉、血压、支架移植物等)、瓣膜(例如,聚合物或碳机械瓣膜)、栓塞保护过滤器(包括远端保护装置)、腔静脉过滤器、动脉瘤排除装置、人工心脏、心脏护套和心脏辅助装置(包括左心室辅助装置)、可植入除颤器、皮下可植入除颤器、可植入监测器(例如,可植入心脏监测器)、电刺激装置和引线(包括起搏器、引线适配器和引线连接器)、植入医疗装置电源、外周心血管装置、心房间隔缺损闭合件、左心耳过滤器、瓣膜瓣环成形术装置、二尖瓣修复装置、血管介入装置、心室辅助泵和血管通路装置(包括肠胃外供给导管、血管通路端口、中央静脉通路导管)。
可植入医疗装置还可包括例如外科手术装置,诸如所有类型的缝合线、吻合装置(包括吻合闭合件)、缝合线锚钉、止血屏障、螺钉、板、夹子、血管植入物、组织支架、脑脊髓液分流器、用于脑水肿的分流器、引流管、包括胸腔抽吸引流导管的导管、脓肿引流导管、胆道引流产品和可植入泵。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如矫形装置,诸如关节植入物、髋臼杯、髌钮、骨修复/增强装置、脊柱装置(例如,椎间盘等)、骨针、软骨修复装置和人工肌腱。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如牙科装置,诸如牙科植入物和牙科骨折修复装置。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如药物递送装置,诸如药物递送泵、植入式药物输注管、药物输注导管和玻璃体内药物递送装置。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如眼科装置,诸如巩膜扣和海绵、青光眼引流分流器和眼内透镜。
可植入医疗装置还可包括例如泌尿装置,诸如阴茎装置(例如,阳痿植入物)、括约肌、尿道、前列腺和膀胱装置(例如,失禁装置、良性前列腺增生管理装置、前列腺癌植入物等)、导尿管(包括留置(″Foley″)和非留置导尿管)以及肾脏装置。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如合成假体,诸如乳房假体和人造器官(例如,胰腺、肝脏、肺、心脏等)。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如包括肺导管的呼吸装置。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如神经装置,诸如神经刺激器、神经导管、神经血管气囊导管、神经动脉瘤治疗线圈和神经贴片、夹板、耳芯、耳引流管、鼓膜造孔通气管、耳科条带、喉切除术管、食管管、食管支架、喉支架、唾液旁路管和气管造口术管。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如肿瘤植入物。可植入医疗装置还可包括例如疼痛控制植入物。
在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20被构造为耦接到和/或施加到或围绕和/或包封不可植入医疗装置的至少一部分,如本文所讨论的。不可植入装置可包括透析装置和相关的管、导管、膜和移植物;自体输血装置;血管和外科手术装置,包括粥样斑块切除术导管、血管造影导管、主动脉内气囊泵、心内抽吸装置、血泵、血液氧合器装置(包括管和膜)、血液过滤器、血温监测器、血液灌注单元、血浆取出法单元、过渡护套、扩张器、子宫内压装置、血块提取导管、经皮腔内血管成形导管、电生理学导管、呼吸回路连接器、探针(血管和非血管)、冠状引导线、外周引导线;扩张器(例如,尿等);外科手术器械(例如,手术刀等);内窥镜装置(诸如内窥镜外科手术组织提取器、食管听诊器);以及普通医疗和医疗相关装置,包括储血袋、脐带胶带、膜、手套、外科手术单、伤口敷料、伤口管理装置、针、经皮闭合装置、换能器保护器、子宫托、子宫出血贴片、PAP刷、夹具(包括狗头夹)、套管、细胞培养装置、体外诊断用材料、色谱支持材料、感染控制装置、结肠造口术袋连接装置、节育装置;一次性温度探针;和脱脂棉。
锚定装置20可具有多种不同的构型、形状和大小。例如,锚定装置20可具有这样的大小和形状或其他构型:可提供将医疗装置25支撑和固定在患者体内的治疗部位处的功能,同时还改善在治疗已经完成之后锚定装置20的可移除性。在一些实施方案中,医疗装置25可设置在由锚定装置20限定的袋内,并且锚定装置20可被植入并固定到患者体内期望治疗部位处的组织。如本文所讨论的,在植入期间,疤痕组织可在治疗部位处形成和/或组织可在锚定装置20内向内生长。在治疗完成之后,医疗装置25可保留在患者体内,如下文所讨论的,或者可从患者体内移除,留下植入的锚定装置20。为了移除锚定装置20,在锚定装置20内向内生长的组织可被切割或以其他方式从锚定装置20分离。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20的一部分可能不能够从组织移除,并且将保持植入在患者体内。
在一些实施方式中,锚定装置20包括衬底,诸如例如衬底22,例如,如图3、图6和图10所示。在一些实施方案中,衬底22充当基础或骨架,在该基础或骨架上可施加例如至少部分地涂覆衬底22的一个或多个涂层。在一些实施方案中,衬底22以网的形式提供。在一些实施方案中,网是具有针织、编织、织造或非织造长丝或纤维构造的网状物或织物,这些长丝或纤维以一定方式互锁以形成织物或织物样材料,该织物或织物样材料包括限定多个孔或孔隙诸如例如孔隙28的长丝基质,如本文所讨论的。即,相邻长丝或纤维之间的空间限定网的孔或孔隙,诸如例如孔隙28,如本文所讨论的。在一些实施方案中,例如,孔或孔隙可有利于允许组织向内生长。
在一些实施方案中,衬底22可用一种或多种生物相容性材料形成,这些生物相容性材料可以是合成的或天然存在的。在一些实施方案中,该一种或多种生物相容性材料包括例如聚丙烯、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚酰胺、硅酮、聚砜、金属、合金、钛、不锈钢、形状记忆金属(例如,镍钛诺)和/或它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20被构造为暂时植入患者体内和/或被构造为在一段时间之后从患者身体移除(例如,移出)。在此类实施方案中,衬底22可包括不可生物降解的材料和/或不可生物再吸收的材料。例如,衬底22可完全由不可生物降解的材料和/或不可生物再吸收的材料制成,使得衬底22仅由不可生物降解的材料和/或不可生物再吸收的材料制成。在一些实施方案中,衬底22可包括一种或多种不可生物降解的和/或不可生物再吸收的材料以及一种或多种可生物降解的和/或可再吸收的材料。在一些实施方案中,衬底22的一侧可包括一种或多种不可生物降解的和/或不可生物再吸收的材料,并且衬底22的另一侧可包括一种或多种可生物降解的和/或可再吸收的材料。
如本文所使用的,术语″可生物降解的″是指例如可被体液至少部分地分解或降解并作为废物从身体丢弃的材料和/或可被活生物体分解或降解的材料。因此,″不可生物降解的″可指不能被体液分解或降解和/或不能被活生物体分解或降解的材料。如本文所使用的,术语″可再吸收的″是指例如可被体液至少部分地分解或降解并且在体内同化的材料。因此,本文所使用的″不可再吸收的″材料可指例如不能被体液分解或降解并在体内同化的材料。
在一些实施方案中,生物相容性可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的一种或多种材料可包括聚合物和/或非聚合物材料例如,一种或多种聚(α-羟基酸)、聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)(PLGA)、聚交酯(PLA)、聚(L-丙交酯)、聚乙交酯(PG)、聚(α-羟基酸)的聚乙二醇(PEG)缀合物、聚原酸酯(POE)、聚阿司匹林、聚磷腈、胶原、水解胶原、明胶、水解明胶、水解明胶的部分、弹性蛋白、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、透明质酸、壳聚糖、藻酸盐、白蛋白、血纤蛋白、维生素E类似物诸如α生育酚乙酸酯、d-α生育酚琥珀酸酯、D,L-丙交酯或L-丙交酯、-己内酯、葡聚糖、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、PVA-g-PLGA、PEGT-PBT共聚物(聚活性物)、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)、PEO-PPO-PEO(普朗尼克(pluronics))、PEO-PPO-PAA共聚物、PLGA-PEO-PLGA、PEG-PLG、PLA-PLGA、泊咯沙姆(poloxamer)407、PEG-PLGA-PEG三嵌段共聚物、POE、SAIB(蔗糖乙酸异丁酸酯)、聚二烷酮、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、MMA和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚酰胺、氧化纤维素、乙醇酸和三亚甲基碳酸酯的共聚物、聚酯酰胺、酪氨酸聚芳酯、聚醚醚酮、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、硅酮、透明质酸、壳聚糖或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,衬底22包括由Poly-Med公司(Poly-Med,Inc.)销售的Glycoprene。如本文所使用的,术语″glycoprene″或″Glycoprene″是指/>或Glycoprene/> 可指以商品名/>销售的材料的不同变体例如,/>6829、/>8609和/>7027。
在一些实施方案中,一种或多种生物相容性不可生物降解的和/或不可生物再吸收的材料可包括聚合物和/或非聚合物材料,例如聚氨酯、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚丙烯酸乙酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙交酯、聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯、聚酰胺、聚二烷酮、聚氯乙烯、聚合物或硅酮橡胶、胶原、热塑性塑料或它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20被构造为永久地植入患者体内。在此类实施方案中,衬底22可包括可生物降解的材料和/或可生物再吸收的材料。例如,衬底22可完全由可生物降解的材料和/或可生物再吸收的材料制成,使得衬底22仅由可生物降解的材料和/或可生物再吸收的材料制成。
在一些实施方案中,衬底22以片材的形式提供。在一些实施方案中,衬底22仅包括一个片材,诸如例如片材22a,并且在其他实施方案中,衬底22除片材22a之外还包括至少一个片材,诸如例如片材22b,例如,如图4和图5所示。在一些实施方案中,片材22b与片材22a分离和/或可移除地附接到片材22a。在一些实施方案中,片材22b与片材22a接合以形成被构造为至少部分地围绕医疗装置25的结构,如本文所讨论的。在一些实施方案中,片材22a与片材22b相同。在一些实施方案中,片材22a与片材22b不同。
在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20包括涂层,诸如例如第一涂层24,该第一涂层直接施加到衬底22使得涂层24覆盖衬底22的全部或一部分。在一些实施方案中,涂层24包括聚合物和API,该API分散在聚合物中,使得随着聚合物降解,聚合物释放API。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API可包括本文所讨论的API中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API可包括一种或多种抗生素,诸如例如利福平和米诺环素。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API可包括利福平和米诺环素的混合物。在一些实施方案中,代替利福平和米诺环素的混合物或除此之外,涂层24的API可包括本文所讨论的API中的任一种。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物可包括本文所讨论的聚合物中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物可包括源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯,诸如例如本文所讨论的源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20包括涂层,诸如例如第二涂层26,该第二涂层直接施加到涂层24使得涂层26覆盖涂层24的全部或一部分。在一些实施方案中,涂层26包括聚合物和活性药物成分(API),该API分散在涂层26的聚合物中,使得随着涂层26的聚合物降解,涂层26的聚合物释放涂层26的API。在一些实施方案中,涂层26的API可包括止血剂,诸如例如本文所讨论的止血剂中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,止血剂是氨甲环酸。在一些实施方案中,涂层26的聚合物可包括本文所讨论的聚合物中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,涂层26的聚合物可包括选自由藻酸钙和藻酸钠组成的组的一种或多种藻酸盐,如本文所讨论的。在一些实施方案中,涂层的藻酸盐是中等粘度藻酸钠:1000cps至2000cps藻酸钠。需注意,提供由止血剂诸如例如一种或多种藻酸盐制成的涂层提供双重止血效果,该涂层被构造为释放一种或多种其他止血剂诸如例如氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂,该双重止血效果被设计成相比仅使用一种类型的止血剂并且因此仅提供单一止血效果的装置更快地实现止血。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24施加到衬底22,使得涂层24直接连结纤维,诸如例如形成衬底22的纤维F,使得涂层24沿纤维F中的每一者的长度的至少一部分围绕纤维F中的每一者延伸360度,例如,如图3所示。即,纤维F各自具有沿纵向轴线LA延伸的长度,并且涂层24围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA延伸360度。在一些实施方案中,涂层24沿纤维F中的每一者的整个长度围绕纤维F中的每一者延伸360度。在一些实施方案中,涂层24沿纤维F中的每一者的长度围绕纤维F中的每一者360度具有均匀厚度。
在一些实施方案中,涂层26通过涂层24与衬底22间隔开,例如,如图3所示。在一些实施方案中,涂层26直接连结涂层24,使得涂层26沿纤维F中的每一者的长度的至少一部分围绕纤维F中的每一者延伸小于360度。即,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA延伸小于360度。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸介于约150度和约330度之间。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸介于约170度和约310度之间。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸介于约190度和约290度之间。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸介于约210度和约270度之间。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸介于约230度和约250度之间。在一些实施方案中,涂层26围绕每根纤维F的轴线LA仅延伸约240度。这种构型为装置20提供表面32和相对表面34。在一些实施方案中,涂层26仅限定表面32,并且涂层24、26限定表面34,例如,如图3所示。表面32和表面34的构型允许装置20选择性地植入患者体内,使得装置20在从涂层24释放抗生素诸如例如利福平和/或米诺环素和/或其他API之前从涂层26释放止血剂诸如例如氨甲环酸。例如,将装置20定位在患者体内使得表面32暴露于流体或者表面32比表面34暴露于更多流体将致使涂层26在涂层24降解之前降解,使得在从涂层24释放利福平和/或米诺环素和/或其他API之前从涂层26释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。
在其中装置20是如本文所讨论的具有与片22b接合的片22a的袋或小袋的形式的一些实施方案中,片22a的表面34面向片22b的表面34,使得片22a、22b的表面34、34限定腔体C。可期望这种构型以允许涂层26在植入时在涂层24与流体接触之前与流体接触,以允许涂层26在涂层24释放抗生素和/或其他API之前释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂以促进血液凝结,从而防止和/或治疗感染。
在其中装置20是如本文所讨论的具有与片22b接合的片22a的袋或小袋的形式的一些实施方案中,片22a的表面32面向片22b的表面32,使得片22a、22b的表面32、32限定腔体C。可期望这种构型以允许涂层24和涂层26在植入时同时接触流体,以允许涂层26在涂层24释放抗生素和/或其他API的同时或大致同时释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂以促进血液凝结,从而防止和/或治疗感染。在一些实施方案中,涂层24、26的聚合物可参照聚合物释放抗生素和/或其他API和氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的定时来定制。例如,在一些实施方案中,聚合物可定制成使得当涂层24、26同时暴露于流体时,涂层26的聚合物在涂层24的聚合物释放抗生素和/或其他API之前释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可定制成使得当涂层26同时暴露于流体时,涂层26的聚合物在涂层24的聚合物释放抗生素和/或其他API之后释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可定制成使得当涂层26同时暴露于流体时,涂层26的聚合物在涂层24的聚合物释放抗生素和/或其他API的同时释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24、26中的活性剂的释放持续时间可至少在某种程度上由包括在涂层24和涂层26中的聚合物来控制。例如,涂层26中所用的聚合物可被构造为以比涂层24中所用的聚合物快的速率降解,使得即使表面32、34都暴露于流体(包括相同量的流体),也在从涂层24释放利福平和/或米诺环素和/或其他API之前从涂层26释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。
由于涂层26可释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂以促进血液凝结,因此可期望在植入装置20后尽可能快地从涂层26释放氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂。这将允许氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂在涂层24的聚合物降解并释放利福平和/或米诺环素和/或其他API之前发挥作用。因此,在一些实施方案中,可期望为涂层26提供在几小时至几天内降解的聚合物并且为涂层24提供在数天或数周内降解的聚合物。这将允许装置20释放大量的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂以在植入装置20后很快引发愈合,并在这种愈合期间和之后释放利福平和/或米诺环素和/或其他API以防止感染,如图11所示。在一些实施方案中,涂层26包括在约一小时或两小时至约一天或两天内降解的聚合物,并且涂层24包括在约九周至十二周内降解的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,涂层26包括在一小时或两小时内降解的聚合物,并且涂层24包括在约九周内降解的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,涂层26包括在一天或两天内降解的聚合物,并且涂层24包括在约九周至十二周内降解的聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24施加到衬底22,使得涂层24至少部分地涂覆衬底22的长丝或纤维,如图3、图7和图10所示,而不填充衬底22的孔隙28,如图6所示。即,涂层24具有在衬底22的相邻长丝或纤维之间限定间隙30的厚度,如图7所示。在一些实施方案中,涂层被施加到衬底22,使得涂层26填充间隙30,如图8所示。即,当植入装置20时,涂层26覆盖或填充间隙30,并且涂层26和涂层24覆盖或填充孔隙28,并且然后随着涂层26降解而暴露间隙30。即,在植入后随着涂层26降解,间隙30变成为未被覆盖和/或未被填充。然后随着涂层24降解,孔隙28暴露。即,随着涂层24降解,孔隙28变成为未被覆盖或未被填充。
在一些实施方案中,衬底22是可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的,并且装置20被构造为将医疗装置25保持在其中,使得衬底22直到涂层24、26完全降解才开始降解,使得装置20可将医疗装置25保持在其中直到所有的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂以及抗生素和/或其他API从涂层24、26释放为止。在一些实施方案中,衬底22直到涂层24、26完全降解才开始降解,因为衬底22直到涂层24、26完全降解才直接暴露于流体。在一些实施方案中,衬底22具有比涂层24、26中的聚合物的降解速率慢的降解速率,使得即使当衬底22和涂层24、26同时暴露于流体时,衬底22也将比涂层24、26降解得慢。在一些实施方案中,衬底22是完全可生物降解的或可生物再吸收的。即,衬底22全部是可生物降解的或可生物再吸收的。在一些实施方案中,衬底22是完全不可生物降解的和/或不可生物再吸收的。即,衬底22的任何部分都不是可生物降解的或可生物再吸收的。
涂层26包括活性剂,诸如例如可促进止血的止血剂,如本文所讨论的。一种这样的止血剂是氨甲环酸。然而,据设想,除氨甲环酸之外或代替氨甲环酸,涂层26可包括一种或多种止血剂,诸如例如肾上腺素、胶原、脱乙酰壳多糖和氧化再生纤维素。在一些实施方案中,胶原可包括酸可溶胶原、胃蛋白酶可溶胶原、明胶、可交联胶原或纤维状胶原。在一些实施方案中,除氨甲环酸之外或代替氨甲环酸,涂层26可包括一种或多种止血剂,诸如例如除上文所讨论的止血剂之外或代替这些止血剂的Avitene、凝血酶和/>中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,除氨甲环酸之外或代替氨甲环酸,涂层26可包括一种或多种止血剂,诸如例如除上文所讨论的止血剂之外或代替这些止血剂的鱼精蛋白、去甲肾上腺素、去氨加压素、赖氨酸类似物、明胶、多糖球、矿物沸石、牛凝血酶、合并的人凝血酶、重组凝血酶、明胶和凝血酶、胶原和凝血酶、氰基丙烯酸酯、纤维蛋白胶、聚乙二醇和戊二醛中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,除氨甲环酸之外或代替氨甲环酸,涂层26可包括一种或多种止血剂,诸如例如本文所讨论的止血剂的混合物或组合。在一些实施方案中,赖氨酸类似物是氨甲环酸。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API可包括活性药物成分中的一种或组合,诸如例如麻醉剂、抗生素、抗炎剂、促凝血剂、纤维化抑制剂、抗结疤剂、防腐剂、白三烯抑制剂/拮抗剂、细胞生长抑制剂和它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API包括一种或多种抗生素。在一些实施方案中,抗生素选自由利福平(rifampin)和米诺环素(minocycline)以及它们的混合物组成的组。
非甾体抗炎药的示例包括但不限于萘普生(naproxen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)以及双氯芬酸(diclofenac);塞来昔布(celecoxib);舒林酸(舒林酸);二氟尼柳(diflunisal);吡罗昔康(piroxicam);吲哚美辛(indomethacin);依托度酸(etodolac);美洛昔康(meloxicam);r-氟比洛芬(r-flurbiprofen);甲灭酸(mefenamic);萘布美酮(nabumetone);托美汀(tolmetin)和上述中的每一种的钠盐;酮咯酸溴甲胺(ketorolac bromethamine);酮咯酸溴甲胺氨丁三醇(ketorolac bromethaminetromethamine);三水杨酸胆碱镁(choline magnesium trisalicylate);罗非昔布(rofecoxib);伐地昔布(valdecoxib);罗美昔布(lumiracoxib);依托昔布(etoricoxib);阿司匹林(aspirin);水杨酸和其钠盐;α、β、γ-生育酚和生育三烯酚(以及所有它们的d、1和外消旋异构体)的水杨酸酯;以及乙酰水杨酸的甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、正丁酯、仲丁酯、叔丁酯。
麻醉剂的示例包括但不限于利多卡因(licodaine)、布比卡因(bupivacaine)和马比佛卡因(mepivacaine)。镇痛剂、麻醉剂和麻醉药的另外示例包括但不限于对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen)、可乐定(clonidine)、苯并二氮杂卓(benzodiazepine)、苯并二氮杂卓拮抗剂氟马西尼(flumazenil)、利多卡因、曲马朵(tramadol)、卡马西平(carbamazepine)、哌替啶(meperidine)、扎来普隆(zaleplon)、马来酸三甲丙咪嗪(trimipramine maleate)、丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、纳布啡(nalbuphine)、戊唑辛(pentazocain)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)、氢吗啡酮(hydromorphone)、美沙酮(methadone)、吗啡(morphine)、羟甲左吗喃(levorphanol)和氢可酮(hydrocodone)。局部麻醉剂具有弱的抗菌特性并且可在急性疼痛和感染的预防中起双重作用。
抗菌剂或抗微生物剂的示例包括但不限于三氯生(triclosan)、氯己定(chlorohexidine)和其他阳离子双胍、利福平、米诺环素(或其他四环素衍生物)、万古霉素(vancomycin)、庆大霉素(gentamycin);基定(gendine);基乐诺(genlenol);基福克酚(genfoctol);氯福克酚(clofoctol);头孢菌素(cephalosporins)等。另外的抗菌剂或抗微生物剂包括氨曲南(aztreonam);头孢替坦(cefotetan)和其二钠盐;氯碳头孢(loracarbef);头孢西丁(cefoxitin)和其钠盐;头孢唑啉(cefazolin)和其钠盐;头孢克洛(cefaclor);头孢布烯(ceftibuten)和其钠盐;头孢唑肟(ceftizoxime);头孢唑肟钠(ceftizoxime sodium salt);头孢哌酮(cefoperazone)和其钠盐;头孢呋辛(cefuroxime)和其钠盐;头孢呋辛酯(cefuroxime axetil);头孢罗齐(cefprozil);头孢他啶(ceftazidime);头孢噻肟(cefotaxime)和其钠盐;头孢羟氨苄(cefadroxil);头孢他啶(ceftazidime)和其钠盐;头孢氨苄(cephalexin);六氯酚(hexachlorophene);头孢孟多酯钠(cefamandole nafate);头孢吡肟(cefepime)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐;头孢地尼(cefdinir)和其钠盐;头孢曲松(ceftriaxone)和其钠盐;头孢克肟(cefixime)和其钠盐;氯化十六烷基吡啶(cetylpyridinium chloride);氧氟沙星(ofoxacin);利奈唑胺(linexolid);替马沙星(temafloxacin);氟罗沙星(fleroxacin);依诺沙星(enoxacin);吉米沙星(gemifloxacin);洛美沙星(lomefloxacin);氨曲南(astreonam);妥舒沙星(tosufloxacin);克林沙星(clinafloxacin);头孢泊肟酯(cefpodoxime proxetil);氯二甲酚(chloroxylenol);二氯甲烷、碘和碘载体(聚维酮-碘);呋喃西林(nitrofurazone);美罗培南(meropenem)和其钠盐;亚胺培南(imipenem)和其钠盐;西司他丁(cilastatin)和其钠盐;阿奇霉素(azithromycin);克拉霉素(clarithromycin);地红霉素(dirithromycin);红霉素(erythromycin)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐、乙基琥珀酸盐和硬脂酸盐形式、克林霉素(clindamycin);克林霉素盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;林可霉素(lincomycin)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;妥布霉素(tobramycin)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;链霉素(streptomycin)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;万古霉素和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;新霉素(neomycin)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;乙酰磺胺异唑(acetyl sulfisoxazole);粘菌素甲磺酸(colistimethate)和其钠盐;喹奴普丁(quinupristin);达福普汀(dalfopristin);阿莫西林(amoxicillin);氨苄青霉素(ampicillin)和其钠盐;克拉维酸(clavulanic acid)和其钠盐或钾盐;盘尼西林G(penicillin G);盘尼西林G苄星青霉素(penicillin G benzathine)或普鲁卡因盐(procaine salt);盘尼西林G钠盐或钾盐;羧苄青霉素(carbenicillin)和其二钠盐或茚满基二钠盐;哌拉西林(piperacillin)和其钠盐;α-萜品醇(α-terpineol);百里酚(thymol);牛磺酰胺(taurinamides);呋喃妥英(nitrofurantoin);银-磺胺嘧啶;海克替啶(hexetidine);乌洛托品(methenamine);醛类;壬二酸(azylic acid);银;过氧化苯甲酰;醇;羧酸;盐;萘夫西林(nafcillin);替卡西林(ticarcillin)和其二钠盐;舒巴坦(sulbactam)和其钠盐;甲基异噻唑啉酮、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin);氨氟沙星(amifloxacin);培氟沙星(pefloxacin);制霉菌素(nystatin);碳青霉烯类;硫辛酸和其衍生物;β-内酰胺类抗生素;单菌霉素;氨基糖苷类;微环内酯类;林可酰胺类;糖肽类;四环素类;氯霉素;喹诺酮类;褐霉素(fucidines);磺酰胺;大环内酯类;环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin);氧氟沙星(ofloxacin);左氧氟沙星(levofloxacins);替考拉宁(teicoplanin);莫匹罗星(mupirocin);诺氟沙星(norfloxacin);司帕沙星(sparfloxacin);酮内酯;多烯;唑类;盘尼西林;棘球白素;萘啶酸;利福霉素类(rifamycins);喹/>啉类;链阳菌素(streptogramins);脂肽;加替沙星(gatifloxacin);甲磺酸曲伐沙星(trovafloxacin mesylate);甲磺酸阿拉曲伐沙星(alatrofloxacinmesylate);甲氧苄啶(trimethoprims);磺胺甲/>唑(sulfamethoxazole);地美环素(demeclocycline)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;多西环素(doxycycline)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;米诺环素和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;四环素和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;氧四环素(oxytetracycline)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;氯四环素(chlortetracycline)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;甲硝哒唑(metronidazole);氨苯砜(dapsone);阿扎伐醌(atovaquone);利福布汀(rifabutin);利奈唑胺(linezolide);多粘菌素B(polymyxin B)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;磺胺醋酰(sulfacetamide)和其钠盐;以及克拉霉素(和其组合)。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可包括利福平和另一种抗微生物剂例如,作为四环素衍生物的抗微生物剂。在一些实施方案中,聚合物包含头孢菌素和另一种抗微生物剂。在一些实施方案中,聚合物包括包含利福平和米诺环素、利福平和庆大霉素、以及利福平和米诺环素的组合。
当使用两种抗生素的混合物时,它们通常以约10∶1至约1∶10的比例存在。在一些实施方案中,使用利福平和米诺环素的混合物。在那些实施方案中,利福平与米诺环素的比例为约5∶2至约2∶5。在其他实施方案中,利福平和米诺环素的比例为约1∶1。
抗真菌剂的示例包括两性霉素B(amphotericin B);乙嘧啶;氟胞嘧啶;醋酸卡泊芬净(caspofungin acetate);氟康唑;灰黄霉素;特比萘芬(terbinafine)和其盐酸盐、硫酸盐或磷酸盐;阿莫罗芬(amorolfine);三唑类(伏立康唑(Voriconazole));氟三唑(flutrimazole);西洛芬净(cilofungin);LY303366(棘球白素);纽莫康定(pneumocandin);咪唑类;奥莫康唑(omoconazole);特康唑(terconazole);氟康唑;两性霉素B、制霉菌素、那他霉素(natamycin)、脂质体两性霉素B、脂质体制霉菌素;灰黄霉素;BF-796;MTCH 24;BTG-137586;RMP-7/两性霉素B;普那米星(pradimicins);贝那霉素(benanomicin);安必素(ambisome);ABLC;ABCD;日光霉素Z(Nikkomycin Z);氟胞嘧啶;SCH56592;ER30346;UK 9746;UK 9751;T 8581;LY121019;酮康唑(酮康唑);咪康唑(micronazole);克霉唑(clotrimazole);益康唑(econazole);环匹罗司(ciclopirox);萘替芬(naftifine);以及伊曲康唑(itraconazole)。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的活性药物成分(API)包括头孢氨苄(keflex)、阿昔洛韦(acyclovir)、头孢拉啶(cephradine)、美法仑(malphalen)、普鲁卡因、麻黄碱(ephedrine)、阿霉素(adriamycin)、道诺霉素(daunomycin)、白花丹素(plumbagin)、阿托品(atropine)、奎宁(quinine)、地高辛(digoxin)、奎尼丁(quinidine)、生物活性肽、头孢拉啶、头孢噻吩、顺式-羟基-L-脯氨酸、美法仑(melphalan)、盘尼西林V、阿司匹林、尼克酸、鹅脱氧胆酸(chemodeoxycholic acid)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、西罗莫司(sirolimus)、环孢菌素(cyclosporins)、5-氟尿嘧啶等。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的API包括一种或多种用作血管生成抑制剂或抑制细胞生长的成分诸如表皮生长因子、PDGF、VEGF、FGF(成纤维细胞生长因子)等。这些成分包括抗生长因子抗体(神经毡蛋白-1(neutrophilin-1))、生长因子受体特异性抑制剂诸如内皮抑制素和沙利度胺(thalidomide)。有用的蛋白质的示例包括细胞生长抑制剂诸如表皮生长因子。
抗炎化合物的示例包括但不限于乙酸阿奈可他(anecortive acetate);四氢皮质醇、4,9(11)-孕二烯-17α、21-二醇-3,20-二酮和其-21-乙酸盐;111-表皮质醇;17α-羟孕酮;四氢脱氧皮甾醇;可的松(cortisona);醋酸可的松(cortisone acetate);氢化可的松(hydrocortisone);醋酸氢化可的松(hydrocortisone acetate);氟氢可的松(fludrocortisone);醋酸氟氢可的松(fludrocortisone acetate);磷酸氟氢可的松(fludrocortisone phosphate);泼尼松(prednisone);泼尼松龙(prednisolone);泼尼松龙磷酸钠(prednisolone sodium phosphate);甲基泼尼松龙(methylprednisolone);醋酸甲基泼尼松龙(methylprednisolone acetate);甲基泼尼松龙琥珀酸钠;曲安西龙(triamcinolone);曲安西龙-16,21-二乙酸酯;曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)和其-21-乙酸盐、-21-磷酸二钠盐和-21-半琥珀酸盐形式;苯曲安奈德(triamcinolonebenetonide);己曲安奈德(triamcinolone hexacetonide);氟轻松(fLuocinolone)和醋酸氟轻松(fluocinolone acetate);地塞米松(dexamethasone)和其-21-乙酸酯、-21-(3,3-丁酸二甲酯)、-21-磷酸二钠盐、-21-氨基乙酸二乙酯、-21-异烟酸酯、-21-二丙酸酯和-21-棕榈酸酯形式;倍他米松(betamethasone)和其-21-乙酸酯、-21-金刚烷酸酯、-17-苯甲酸酯、-17,21-二丙酸酯、-17-戊酸酯和-21-磷酸酯二钠盐;倍氯米松(beclomethasone);二丙酸倍氯米松(beclomethasone dipropionate);二氟拉松(diflorasone);二乙酸二氟拉松(diflorasone diacetate);糠酸莫米松(mometasone furoate);以及乙酰唑胺(acetazolamide)。
白三烯抑制剂/拮抗剂的实例包括但不限于白三烯受体拮抗剂诸如阿扎司特(acitazanolast)、伊拉司特(iralukast)、孟鲁司特(montelukast)、普鲁司特(pranlukast)、维鲁司特(verlukast)、扎鲁司特(zafirlukast)和齐留通(zileuton)。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的活性药物成分(API)包括2-巯基乙烷磺酸钠(″美司钠(MESNA)″)。在使用乳腺植入物的包膜挛缩的动物实验中已经示出美司钠减少肌成纤维细胞形成[Ajmal等人(2003)《整形和重建外科手术(Plast.Reconstr.Surg.)》112:1455-1461],因此可用作抗纤维化剂。
促凝血剂包括但不限于沸石、凝血酶和凝固因子浓缩物。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约0.3μg/cm2至约2.8μg/cm2之间。在其他实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约0.6μg/cm2至约1.4μg/cm2之间。在又其他实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约0.85μg/cm2至约1.20μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约0.90μg/cm2至约1.10μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约50μg/cm2至约150μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,涂层24的经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的API的量的范围介于约62μg/cm2至约140μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,将涂层24的62μg/cm2的API经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22。在又另外的实施方案中,将涂层24的140μg/cm2的API经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22。
在一些实施方案中,经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约0.3μg/cm2至约2.8μg/cm2之间。在其他实施方案中,经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约0.6μg/cm2至约1.4μg/cm2之间。在又其他实施方案中,经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约0.85μg/cm2至约1.20μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约0.90μg/cm2至约1.10μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约50微克/cm2至约150μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,经由涂层24或以其他方式施加到衬底22的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂的量的范围介于约62μg/cm2至约140微克/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,将62μg/cm2的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22。在又另外的实施方案中,将140μg/cm2的氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂经由涂层26或以其他方式施加到衬底22。
在其他实施方案中,涂层24的API包括利福平和米诺环素,并且经由涂层24施加到衬底22的利福平和米诺环素中的每一者的量的范围介于约0.6μg/cm2至约1.4微克/cm2之间。在又其他实施方案中,经由涂层24施加到衬底22的利福平和米诺环素中的每一者的量的范围介于约0.85μg/cm2至约1.20μg/cm2之间。在又另外的实施方案中,经由涂层24施加到衬底22的利福平和米诺环素中的每一者的量的范围介于约0.90μg/cm2至约1.10μg/cm2之间。
涂层24的API可包括本文所讨论的活性药物成分中的一种或多种。本文所讨论的API的剂量是已知的,并且锚定装置20中包括的任何单一API的量可容易地推测。本文所讨论的API的任何药学上可接受的形式可用于锚定装置20中例如,游离碱或其药学上可接受的盐或酯。药学上可接受的盐例如包括硫酸盐、乳酸盐、乙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、盐酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐等。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物选自由以下项组成的组:聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚(L-丙交酯)、聚(D,L-丙交酯)聚乙醇酸[聚乙交酯]、聚(L-丙交酯-共-D,L-丙交酯)、聚(L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)、聚(D,L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)、聚(乙交酯-共-三亚甲基碳酸酯)、聚(D,L-丙交酯-共-己内酯)、聚(乙交酯-共-己内酯)、聚氧化乙烯、聚二烷酮、聚丙烯富马酸酯、聚(谷氨酸乙酯-共-谷氨酸)、聚(谷氨酸叔丁氧基-羰基甲酯)、聚已酸内酯、聚已酸内酯丙烯酸共丁酯、聚羟基丁酸酯、以下的共聚物:聚羟基丁酸酯、聚(磷腈)、聚(磷酸酯)、聚(氨基酸)、聚缩肽、马来酸酐共聚物、聚亚氨基碳酸酯、聚[(97.5%二甲基-三亚甲基碳酸酯)-共-(2.5%三亚甲基碳酸酯)]、聚(原酸酯)、源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯、源自酪氨酸的聚碳酸酯、源自酪氨酸的聚亚氨基碳酸酯、源自酪氨酸的聚膦酸酯、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、羟丙基甲基纤维素、多糖诸如透明质酸、壳聚糖和再生纤维素。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物可包括本文所讨论的聚合物的组合、共混物或混合物。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物是聚芳酯。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物是源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯。在一些实施方案中,源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯是p(DTE co X%DT琥珀酸酯),其中X为约10%至约30%。在一些实施方案中,源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯是p(DTE co X%DT琥珀酸酯),其中X的范围为约26.5%至约28.5%。在一些实施方案中,源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯是p(DTE co X%DT琥珀酸酯),其中X为约27.5%。在一些实施方案中,聚合物是P22-27.5DT。
如本文所使用的,DTE是二酚单体脱氨基酪氨酰基-酪氨酸乙酯;DTBn是二酚单体脱氨基酪氨酰基-酪氨酸苄酯;DT是对应的游离酸形式,即脱氨基酪氨酰基-酪氨酸。BTE是二酚单体4-羟基苯甲酸-酪氨酰乙酯;BT是对应的游离酸形式,即4-羟基苯甲酸-酪氨酸。
P22-XX是通过DTE和DTBn与琥珀酸缩合,随后去除苄基基团而产生的聚芳酯共聚物。P22-10、P22-15、P22-20、P22-XX等表示不同DT百分比的共聚物(即,10、15、20和%DT等)。在一些实施方案中,该聚合物通过DTBn与琥珀酸的缩合,随后去除苄基基团来产生。此聚合物表示为P02-100。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物包括一种或多种聚芳酯,该一种或多种聚芳酯是脱氨基酪氨酰基-酪氨酸(DT)和脱氨基酪氨酰基-酪氨酰酯(DT酯)的共聚物,其中该共聚物包括约0.001%DT至约80%DT并且该酯部分可以是具有至多18个碳原子的支化或未支化的烷基、烷芳基或亚烷基醚基团,其中的任何基团可任选地在其中具有聚环氧乙烷。类似地,另一组聚芳酯与上述相同,但脱氨基酪氨酰基部分被4-羟基苯甲酰基部分替代。在一些实施方案中,DT或BT含量包括具有约1%至约30%、约5%至约30%、约10%至约30%DT或BT的那些共聚物。在一些实施方案中,二酸(用于形成聚芳酯)包括琥珀酸酯、戊二酸酯和乙醇酸。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物包括一种或多种可生物降解的可再吸收的聚芳酯和聚碳酸酯。这些聚合物包括但不限于BTE戊二酸酯、DTM戊二酸酯、DT丙酰胺戊二酸酯、DT甘氨酰胺戊二酸酯、BTE琥珀酸酯、BTM琥珀酸酯、BTE琥珀酸酯PEG、BTM琥珀酸酯PEG、DTM琥珀酸酯PEG、DTM琥珀酸酯、DT N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺琥珀酸酯、DT葡糖胺琥珀酸酯、DT葡糖胺戊二酸酯、DT PEG酯琥珀酸酯、DT PEG酰胺琥珀酸酯、DT PEG酯戊二酸酯、DT PEG酯琥珀酸酯、DTMB P(脱氨基酪氨酰基酪氨酸对羟基苯甲酸甲酯--戊二酸酯)和DTPP P(脱氨基酪氨酰基酪氨酸对羟基苯甲酸丙酯--戊二酸酯)。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物是来自DTE-DT琥珀酸酯聚合物家族的一种多种聚合物,例如,具有0%至50%、5%至50%、5%至40%、1%至30%或10%至30%DT包括但不限于约1%、2%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、27.5%、30%、35%、40%、45%和50%DT的P22-xx聚合物家族。在一些实施方案中,聚合物是P22-27.5DT。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物具有与合适的化学部分共聚以形成聚芳酯、聚碳酸酯、聚亚氨基碳酸酯、聚膦酸酯或任何其他聚合物的二酚单体单元。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物是基于酪氨酸的聚芳酯。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物包括与聚环氧乙烷(包括聚乙二醇(PEG))的共混物和共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物可具有0.1%至99.9%的PEG二酸以促进降解过程。在一些实施方案中,涂层24的聚合物和/或涂层26的聚合物包括聚芳酯或其他可生物降解的聚合物与聚芳酯的共混物。
在一些实施方案中,如图1、图2、图4、图5和图9所示,衬底22是医疗装置25可至少部分地设置在其中的袋或包膜。即,衬底22是小袋、包、覆盖物、壳或容器。例如,衬底22可包括第一部件22a和与第一部件22a接合的第二部件22b。第一部件22a和第二部件22b接合以形成袋或包膜。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b沿着袋或包膜的三侧接合以形成腔体C。第一部件22a和第二部件22b不在袋或包膜的第四侧处接合以限定开口O,使得医疗装置25可通过开口O插入并进入腔体C中以将医疗装置25的全部或一部分封闭、包裹或包围在腔体C内。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b通过热、超声、粘合、针织或粘合剂沿着袋或包膜的三侧彼此接合。在一些实施方案中,例如,通过模制袋或包膜或通过3D打印产生袋或包膜来整体形成袋或包膜。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20被预成形以提供具有选定大小和形状的腔体C。
在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b是经弯曲以在袋或包膜的一端处产生折叠部的单个片材的部分。第一部件22a和第二部件22b沿着袋或包膜的横向于折叠部延伸的侧接合,使得袋或包膜的折叠部和侧不具有任何开口。第一部件22a和第二部件22b不在袋或包膜的与折叠部相对的端处接合以在端处限定开口,使得医疗装置25可通过开口插入并进入由第一部件22a和第二部件22b的内表面限定的腔体中。
在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b各自包括网。在一些实施方案中,第一片22a包括包含具有第一大小的孔的网,并且第二片22b包括包含具有第二大小的孔的网,其中第一大小与第一大小不同。在一些实施方案中,第一大小大于第二大小。在一些实施方案中,第一大小小于第二大小。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b各自包括不具有任何孔或孔隙的薄壁结构。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b中的一个包括网,并且第一部件22a和第二部件22b中的另一个包括不具有任何孔或孔隙的薄壁结构。
在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b由相同的材料形成。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b中的一个由第一材料例如,本文所讨论的材料中的一种或多种材料形成,并且第一部件22a和第二部件22b中的另一个由第二材料例如,本文所讨论的材料中的一种或多种材料制成,其中第二材料不同于第一材料。例如,第一部件22a可由可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料形成,并且第二部件22b可由不可生物降解的和/或不可生物再吸收的材料形成,或反之亦然。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b各自由可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料形成,其中可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料以相同速率降解和/或再吸收。在一些实施方案中,第一部件22a和第二部件22b由不同的可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料形成,其中可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料中的一种比另一种可生物降解的和/或可生物再吸收的材料更快地降解和/或再吸收。
在一些实施方式中,代替在单独的涂层诸如例如涂层24中包括抗生素和/或其他API,锚定装置20包括由聚合物形成的衬底22,其中衬底22具有抗生素诸如例如包括在涂层24中的抗生素和/或其他API,这些抗生素分散在形成衬底22的聚合物中,使得随着形成衬底22的聚合物降解,形成衬底22的聚合物释放抗生素和/或其他API。然后,涂层26涂覆衬底22的全部或一部分,如图10所示,其中衬底22由具有分散在聚合物内的抗生素和/或其他API的聚合物制成。在一些实施方案中,形成衬底22的聚合物是源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯。在一些实施方案中,衬底22至少部分地由一种或多种不引发或加速凝结过程的非活性止血剂诸如例如胶原和/或藻酸盐制成。
在一些实施方案中,涂层26将至少一种止血剂诸如例如氨甲环酸以克服与此类止血剂相关联的困难诸如例如溶解性差和生物可利用性差的方式掺入到聚合物诸如例如一种或多种藻酸盐中。在一个实施方案中,将2.0g的甘油、3g的藻酸盐和2g的氨甲环酸添加到300mL的蒸馏水中以形成混合物36,如图12所示。在室温下混合混合物36直到藻酸盐完全溶解为止。然后将混合物36倒入模具诸如例如31cm×38cm的模具38中。然后将衬底诸如例如衬底22插入模具38中,使得混合物36涂覆衬底22。然后使衬底22和混合物36风干过夜。一旦混合物36干燥,就从模具38中移除衬底22和混合物36。在一些实施方案中,将衬底22和混合物36真空干燥四小时至八小时。
在操作和使用中,将锚定装置诸如例如锚定装置20和医疗装置诸如例如医疗装置25植入患者体内。锚定装置释放活性药物成分诸如例如氨甲环酸和/或其他止血剂,以减少或防止患者体内的出血或治疗如本文所讨论的病状中的一种病状。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20在没有医疗装置25的情况下被植入患者体内,并且医疗装置25在锚定装置20被植入之后被耦接到或插入锚定装置20中。在一些实施方案中,在将锚定装置20植入患者体内之前,将医疗装置25耦接到或插入锚定装置20中,并且将锚定装置20和医疗装置25一起植入患者体内。
在一些实施方案中,医疗装置25在治疗完成后从患者移除。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20在医疗装置25被移除之后保持植入在患者体内。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20在医疗装置25被移除之后从患者移除。为了移除锚定装置20,在锚定装置20的衬底22内向内生长的组织可被切割或以其他方式从衬底22分离。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置20的一部分可能不能够从组织移除,并且将保持植入在患者体内。
在一些实施方案中,提供包括一个或多个锚定装置例如锚定装置20的试剂盒。经考虑所包括的锚定装置中的每一者可具有不同的构造。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置可包括不同的涂层24和/或不同的涂层26。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置可包括不同的大小。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置可包括不同的形状。在一些实施方案中,锚定装置可包括不同的锚定装置,这些锚定装置被设计用于与不同的医疗装置一起使用,例如本文所讨论的可植入或不可植入医疗装置。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包括一个或多个医疗装置例如,本文所讨论的可植入或不可植入医疗装置。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包括使用说明书。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包括用于制备锚定装置的物品例如,用于制备衬底的材料、止血剂、活性药物成分、具有能够接收数据并与3D打印机通信以产生具有输入到计算机中的参数(例如,选定量的衬底的选定区域上的大小、形状、材料、药剂/成分)的锚定装置的处理器的计算机以及能够基于输入到计算机中的关于植入物参数的数据制备锚定装置的3D打印机。
应当理解,可对本发明所公开的实施方案作出各种修改。因此,以上说明不应理解为限制性的,而是仅作为各种实施方案的例示。本领域的技术人员能够设想在本文所附权利要求书的范围和实质内的其他修改。
Claims (15)
1.一种外科手术装置,所述外科手术装置包括:
衬底;
第一涂层,所述第一涂层覆盖所述衬底的至少一部分,所述第一涂层包括第一聚合物,所述第一涂层具有抗生素,所述抗生素分散在所述第一聚合物中,使得随着所述第一聚合物降解,所述第一聚合物释放所述抗生素;和
第二涂层,所述第二涂层覆盖所述第一涂层的至少一部分,所述第二涂层包括第二聚合物,所述第二聚合物包括藻酸盐,所述第二涂层具有止血剂,所述止血剂分散在所述第二聚合物中,使得随着所述第二聚合物降解,所述第二聚合物释放所述止血剂,所述止血剂选自由肾上腺素、氨甲环酸、脱乙酰壳多糖和氧化再生纤维素组成的组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底限定多个间隔开的孔隙,所述第一涂层直接连结所述衬底而不填充所述孔隙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底限定多个间隔开的孔隙,所述第一涂层直接连结所述衬底而不填充所述孔隙,所述第二涂层直接连结所述第一涂层,使得所述第一涂层和所述第二涂层填充所述孔隙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底包括由多根纤维制成的网,所述纤维在所述纤维之间限定多个间隔开的孔隙,所述第一涂层直接连结所述纤维而不填充所述孔隙,使得所述第一涂层在涂覆有所述第一涂层的相邻纤维之间限定间隙,所述第二涂层填充所述间隙。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底包括由多根纤维制成的网,所述第一涂层直接连结所述纤维,使得所述第一涂层沿所述纤维中的每一者的长度的至少一部分围绕所述纤维中的每一者延伸360度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科手术装置,其中所述第二涂层直接连结所述第一涂层,使得所述第二涂层沿所述纤维中的每一者的所述长度的至少一部分围绕所述纤维中的每一者延伸小于360度。
7.根据权利要求5所述的外科手术装置,其中所述第二涂层直接连结所述第一涂层,使得所述第二涂层沿所述纤维中的每一者的所述长度的至少一部分围绕所述纤维中的每一者仅延伸介于约200度和280度之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述第二涂层通过所述第一涂层与所述衬底间隔开。
9.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底是具有第一片和与所述第一片接合的第二片的可生物降解的网,所述涂层被施加到所述片中的每一者,使得所述装置的形成具有腔体和与所述腔体连通的开口的袋的内表面由所述第一涂层和所述第二涂层限定,并且所述装置的相对外表面仅由所述第二涂层限定。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术装置,其中所述衬底是具有第一片和与所述第一片接合的第二片的可生物降解的网,所述涂层被施加到所述片中的每一者,使得所述装置的形成具有腔体和与所述腔体连通的开口的袋的内表面仅由所述第二涂层限定,并且所述装置的相对外表面由所述第一涂层和所述第二涂层限定。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的外科手术装置,其中所述第一聚合物具有第一降解速率,并且所述第二聚合物具有第二降解速率,所述第一降解速率与所述第二降解速率不同。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科手术装置,其中所述第一聚合物是源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯。
13.根据权利要求11所述的外科手术装置,其中所述藻酸盐选自由藻酸钙和藻酸钠组成的组。
14.根据权利要求11所述的外科手术装置,其中:
所述第二聚合物是源自酪氨酸的聚芳酯;并且
所述藻酸盐选自由藻酸钙和藻酸钠组成的组。
15.根据权利要求11所述的外科手术装置,其中所述抗生素选自由利福平和米诺环素以及它们的混合物组成的组。
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