CN117956538A - Data reading method for dual-mode communication network - Google Patents
Data reading method for dual-mode communication network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A data reading method for a dual-mode communication network includes that a master node issues a command to require a network access slave node in the network to apply for cluster head nodes; after receiving a command issued by a master node, a slave node judges whether the slave node can become a cluster head node or not, and if so, sends a cluster head application message to the master node; after receiving a cluster head application message of a certain slave node, the master node sends a cluster head application approval message to the slave node; the slave node receives the cluster head application approval message and becomes a cluster head node, and broadcasts and sends the cluster head application approval message to the cluster interior node on an HPLC channel and an RF channel respectively; in the running process of a network, if a certain cluster head node finds that a new node meets the condition of joining the cluster or that part of nodes in the cluster do not meet the condition of the cluster, a cluster head application message is sent to a main node again, and the main node updates the nodes in the cluster according to the cluster head application message; and after the network generates the whole network meter reading requirement, the master node informs the whole network node to enter the whole network meter reading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data management of ammeter areas, and particularly relates to a data reading method aiming at a dual-mode communication network.
Background
The data reading of the nodes of the whole network is a special service communication type of the energy metering network. With the continuous iterative updating of communication technologies adopted by smart meters and various monitoring equipment, the latest generation technology adopted by the current power consumption information acquisition system is a dual-mode communication technology of power line broadband carrier (HPLC) +wireless (RF). The power line broadband carrier wave and wireless based dual-mode communication technology adopts the technologies of an OFDM modulation mode, turbo coding, copy interleaving technology and the like in a physical layer, the number of network support connection nodes on a link layer is increased from 1000 nodes to 2000 nodes, and a networking routing mechanism of an RF channel is added on the basis of a link layer protocol of HPLC, so that two channels are supported to be mutually routed to form a network. The dual-mode communication technology has the advantages of the two communication technologies of HPLC and RF, has the advantages of being larger than the traditional HPLC single-mode communication technology in the communication and deepening application functions of the distribution area, and the two channels can work independently and in parallel and can be alternative paths, so that the characteristics of different channels can be fully utilized, and the reliability of the communication process is ensured. However, the design concept of the standard of the existing dual-mode communication network in the link layer protocol still adopts the protocol content of the original HPLC single-mode communication standard, and the utilization efficiency of the communication capacity of the dual-mode physical layer still has a great disadvantage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a data reading method for a dual-mode communication network, which can enable HPLC+RF dual-channel to be effectively complementary and efficiently matched and realize higher-frequency ammeter data reading.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
The data reading method for the dual-mode communication network comprises a master node and a slave node, wherein the slave node at least comprises an ammeter node and a line terminal unit node, at least one ammeter node is arranged in one ammeter box, and the line terminal unit node is arranged at a meter box line inlet of the ammeter box; the data reading method comprises the following steps:
step S1, the master node issues a command to require a network access slave node in a network to apply for cluster head nodes;
Step S2, after receiving the command issued by the master node, the slave node judges whether the slave node can become a cluster head node or not, and if so, sends a cluster head application message to the master node;
s3, after receiving a cluster head application message of a certain slave node, the master node sends a cluster head application approval message to the slave node, wherein the cluster head application approval message comprises information of X intra-cluster nodes, the X intra-cluster nodes are all neighbor nodes of a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel of the slave node, and a set of the X intra-cluster nodes is a cluster of the slave node;
S4, the slave node receives the cluster head application approval message and becomes a cluster head node, and the cluster head application approval message is broadcast and sent to X cluster interior nodes on a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel respectively;
s5, in the network operation process of a certain cluster head node, if a new node is found to meet the condition of joining the cluster, or if part of nodes in the cluster do not meet the condition of the cluster any more, a cluster head application message is sent to the main node again, and the main node updates the nodes in the cluster according to the cluster head application message;
S6, after the network generates the whole network meter reading requirement, the master node informs the whole network node to enter a whole network meter reading mode, and the master node executes the whole network meter reading strategy as follows:
a. The master node sends a meter reading downlink message and a receiving confirmation message;
b. For each cluster head node, the master node records the meter reading time of the cluster head node for m times recently and calculates the average value of the meter reading time for m times as the meter reading average time of the cluster head node;
c. Based on meter reading average time of each cluster head node, sequencing the K cluster head nodes from small to large, wherein the sequenced node sequence is marked as Y= [ Y 1,Y2,…,YK ], and the master node uses a traditional meter reading flow to read data of a1 st cluster head node Y 1 in the node sequence Y;
d. If the master node successfully reads the data of the first cluster head node Y 1 within the preset time, the data of other X-1 nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located are continuously read by taking the first cluster head node Y 1 as a relay point; otherwise, the master node eliminates the first cluster head node Y 1 from the node sequence Y, moves other X-1 nodes in the cluster to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then performs reading;
e. after finishing reading the data of the cluster where the 1 st cluster head node Y 1 is located, the master node carries out data reading on the rest K-1 clusters in the same mode;
f. After the meter reading process taking the clustering as a basic unit is completed, if the nodes which are not read successfully exist in the whole network, the master node uses the traditional meter reading process to read the data from the nodes.
Optionally, in step S2, the sending manner of the cluster head application packet is to perform relay transmission in an uplink unicast manner, and the final destination node is the master node.
Optionally, in the step d, the master node performs data reading of each node through the following steps:
d1, the master node takes a multicast address of a first cluster head node Y 1 as a message destination node and sends a downlink meter reading message to the first cluster head node Y 1;
d2, after receiving the downlink meter reading message, the first cluster head node Y 1 respectively carries out relay broadcast on a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel;
d3, all nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located are sequenced on the power line broadband carrier channel and the wireless channel according to the nodes in the cluster to send self uplink meter reading messages;
d4, after the first cluster head node Y 1 sequentially receives the uplink meter reading messages of the nodes in the cluster, the messages are transmitted to the master node in an uplink relay mode;
d5, after the master node correctly receives the uplink meter reading messages of all the nodes in the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located, the master node takes the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as a destination node and sends a receiving confirmation message to the first cluster head node Y 1;
d6, after receiving the receiving acknowledgement message, the first cluster head node Y 1 uses its own multicast address as a signal transmission address, and relays broadcast and transmission of the receiving acknowledgement message on the power line broadband carrier channel and the wireless channel respectively;
d7, after all nodes in the cluster receive the receiving confirmation message, the repeated transmission is not carried out.
Optionally, in the step d5, if the master node only correctly receives the uplink meter reading message of a part of the nodes in the cluster, the master node retries meter reading to the nodes in the cluster failed in reading in a traditional single-point meter reading manner, and if all meter reading is successful, the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 is used as a destination node, and a receipt confirmation message is sent to the first cluster head node Y 1; if the meter reading cannot be successful, sending a receiving confirmation message to the nodes which are successful in reading one by one, moving the nodes which fail in meter reading to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then reading the data.
Optionally, in the step S2, the slave node determines whether the slave node itself can become a cluster head node according to the following 2 conditions:
condition 1) itself is a node with three-phase monitoring capability;
condition 2) itself can find a set of neighbor nodes that simultaneously satisfy the following conditions:
2-1) the number of the nodes contained in the collection is more than or equal to 6, and the nodes are all ammeter nodes;
2-2) there is a strong bi-directional communication link on the wireless side between itself and all nodes in the set;
2-3) at least one node with the same line phase as the node, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node and the node on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
2-4) strong bidirectional communication links exist between any two nodes with the same line phase in the set on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
2-5) there is a strong bi-directional communication link between any two nodes in the set on the wireless side.
Optionally, in the step S5, if the cluster head node finds that the new node meets the following four conditions, the cluster head node joins the node in the present cluster:
1) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and all nodes of the cluster where the cluster head node is located at the wireless side;
2) At least one node with the same line phase as the new node exists in the cluster where the cluster head node is located, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and the in-phase nodes on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
3) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes with the same line phase in the cluster where the cluster head node is located on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
4) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes in the cluster where the cluster head node is located on the wireless side.
Optionally, all X intra-cluster nodes in the step S3 satisfy the following five conditions:
1) The number of the nodes contained in the clusters where the nodes in the X clusters are located is more than or equal to 6, and the nodes are all ammeter nodes;
2) Strong bidirectional communication links exist between the nodes in each cluster and all the nodes in the cluster at the wireless side;
3) At least one node with the same line phase as the node in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located exists, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node in-phase and the node in-phase on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
4) Strong bidirectional communication links exist between any two nodes with the same line phase in the clusters where the X intra-cluster nodes are located on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
5) There is a strong bi-directional communication link on the wireless side between any two nodes in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located.
According to the technical scheme, in order to further improve the reading efficiency of the dual-mode communication network for the node data of the whole network, the topology structure of a transformer, a distribution box, a meter box and an ammeter in a low-voltage distribution area is fully utilized on the basis of the content of a link layer communication protocol of the existing dual-mode communication standard, the thought of clustered communication is introduced to optimize the network topology structure, and the information interaction flow of the data reading process is simplified through multicast meter reading addresses, so that the comprehensive communication performance of the whole network is improved. The whole network meter reading test result of the field station area shows that the meter reading efficiency is effectively improved, and obvious performance improvement is obtained on key indexes such as meter reading success rate, average meter reading time of nodes and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the embodiments or the drawings required for the description of the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic station for line powering for a three-phase four-wire system station area;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the topology of an access meter box within a bay;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a conventional data reading flow chart of a node;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a meter reading time calculation mode without crossing a beacon period;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a meter reading time calculation mode spanning a beacon period;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a transmission time slot arrangement of uplink meter reading messages of nodes in a cluster on an HPLC channel and an RF channel;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the circuit installation of a meter box LTU;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the meter box LTU and the meter inside the meter box.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Detailed Description
In describing embodiments of the present application in detail, the drawings showing the structure of the device are not to scale locally for ease of illustration, and the schematic illustrations are merely examples, which should not limit the scope of the application. It should be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to scale precisely, but rather are merely intended to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated; the terms "forward," "reverse," "bottom," "upper," "lower," and the like are used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description only, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the application.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two components can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or can be communicated inside the two components, or can be connected wirelessly or in a wired way. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the transmission line of the low-voltage distribution network in china uses a transformer area as a basic unit and adopts a three-phase four-wire system, wherein three lines respectively represent A, B, C three phases (live line) and the other is a neutral line N (neutral line). The three-phase power supply is to use the three-phase lines as live wires respectively, connect the live wires to different power loads, and connect the live wires to a common zero line.
The intelligent ammeter is core equipment of a low-voltage distribution network and has a user electric quantity metering function and a power supply line electric parameter monitoring function. In order to facilitate operation and maintenance and improve physical protection capability, electric meters in residential communities are generally installed in an electric meter box in a local concentrated manner. The starting point of the power supply line of the low-voltage distribution network is a transformer, the number of resident users in one station area often reaches hundreds, and the position distribution of the power supply line is relatively wide, so that the station area power supply line generally adopts a tree topology structure of a transformer, a distribution box, a meter box and an ammeter as shown in fig. 2.
Nowadays, in order to meet the requirements of fine and intelligent management of the distribution transformer area, besides adopting intelligent electric meters at the user side, various Line Terminal Units (LTUs) are further deployed at various key positions of the lines, such as low-voltage outgoing lines, branch boxes, user meter boxes and the like of the distribution transformer room, and are used for monitoring and fault monitoring, and collecting data of running current, voltage, reactive power of a calculation line and the like on the low-voltage line.
The acquisition of metering data and monitoring data of intelligent ammeter and various LTUs is a basic premise for realizing intelligent management of the whole area, and the data are generally realized in a communication process through a communication module embedded in equipment (ammeter and LTU). With the continuous development of communication technology, the latest generation of communication technology is a dual-mode communication technology of broadband carrier over power line (HPLC) +radio (RF), the communication frequency band of the dual-mode communication technology on the wireless side is 470-510 MHz, and a wireless communication antenna is built in a communication module, specifically in the form of a spring antenna
Because the design concept of the standard of the existing dual-mode communication network in the link layer protocol is basically adopted and the protocol content of the original HPLC single-mode communication standard is still adopted, and no adaptive design is carried out aiming at the dual-mode communication technology, the existing dual-mode communication network based on the existing standard at present has the following problems in the network operation process:
1) Signal collision and interference on HPLC side; the upper limit of the number of nodes allowed to be accessed by the single network of the HPLC single mode communication standard is about 1000, while the dual mode communication standard increases the upper limit to about 2000. However, in practical application, the transmission distance of the wireless signal in the indoor building is very limited and the communication bandwidth is small, so that the channel on the HPLC side carries most of the network communication traffic load, and a network operation mode mainly comprising the HPLC channel and secondarily comprising the RF channel is formed. The communication signals of the nodes of the same dual-mode subnet at the HPLC side are all transmitted by using the same channel (three-phase power supply line), so that the phenomena of signal collision and mutual interference are easy to occur. Since the standard of the existing dual-mode communication network still adopts the protocol content of the HPLC single-mode communication standard at the link layer, as the number of dual-mode nodes in the network increases, the communication performance at the HPLC side may be seriously deteriorated.
2) The dual mode fusion is insufficient; the HPLC channel and the RF channel have different signal propagation characteristics, and the former is transmitted along the power line, and basically cannot be influenced by a building wall, but is easily interfered by electromagnetic noise introduced by a large amount of power loads in the power line; the latter broadcast transmission in three-dimensional free space is not interfered by electrical load noise, but the signal attenuation is serious in through-wall transmission in a building, and the communication distance in the building is very limited. The communication bandwidths of the other two signals also differ significantly, the former data rate can reach the Mbps level, and the latter is only about several tens kbps level. The existing dual-mode communication standard still adopts the protocol content of the HPLC single-mode communication standard at the link layer, and is not effectively optimally designed aiming at the communication diversity of dual modes, so that the dual modes are inadequately fused, and the utilization efficiency of the network on the communication capacity of the dual-mode physical layer is affected.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a data reading method under the framework of the existing dual-mode communication standard aiming at the data reading requirement of an ammeter and an LTU in a dual-mode communication network. As shown in fig. 3, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: when each node (the ammeter and the dual-mode communication module of the LTU) of the network is successful in networking, and continuously and stably operates, for example, stably operates for 3 days;
Step S1, a master node (CCO) issues a command by adopting a standard beacon frame signal, and requires a network access node in a network to apply for cluster head nodes according to link information between the network access node and a neighbor node, wherein the network access node at least comprises slave nodes such as an ammeter node, an LTU node and the like;
In a specific application, the command issued by the CCO is implemented by adding a definition to a reserved bit of the payload portion of the standard beacon frame signal, and after the definition is newly added, the reserved bit is a cluster head node application flag bit (in the original standard, the bit is a reserved bit, and is not defined, and the numerical value defaults to 0), which is specifically shown in table 1;
Table 1 field definition description of the payload portion of a standard beacon frame
Step S2, after each slave node in the network receives the standard beacon frame signal, judging whether the slave node can become a cluster head node or not, and if so, sending a cluster head application message to the CCO; specifically, after receiving a standard beacon frame signal from a node, if the value of a field 'cluster head node application flag bit' is 1, judging whether the field 'cluster head node application flag bit' can become a cluster head node or not, if so, sending a cluster head application message to a CCO node, wherein the cluster head application message comprises a cluster head application message I and a cluster head application message II, and the two application messages are management message messages of an MCA layer newly added on the basis of the existing dual-mode communication standard, and the type definition of the management message is specifically shown in a table 2;
In order to reduce the modification of the protocol content of the existing standard, the specific content of the newly added management message (cluster head application message I and cluster head application message Wen) is respectively consistent with the content of the discovery list message and the wireless discovery list message in the original dual-mode communication standard; the discovery list message is sent by the dual-mode node by using an HPLC channel, the upper side carries the link information of the sending node on the HPLC channel and the neighbor nodes thereof, the wireless discovery list message is sent by the dual-mode node by using an RF channel, and the upper side carries the link information of the sending node on the RF channel and the neighbor nodes thereof; the two messages are transmitted in a single-hop broadcasting mode in the original dual-mode communication standard, and a receiving node does not need to relay signals; if the message name is cluster head application message I or cluster head application message II (at this time, the two newly added types of messages will not force the requirement on the sending channel, and the sending node can select preferentially according to the self routing information), the sending mode of the message is to perform relay transmission in an uplink unicast mode, and finally the destination node is CCO;
Step S3, after the CCO receives a cluster head application message I and a cluster head application message II of a certain slave node, sending a cluster head application approval message to the slave node, and if the node is not a proxy node, arranging the node as a proxy node in a subsequent beacon period by the CCO, and carrying out relay transmission of HPLC and RF beacon signals; the cluster head application agreement message comprises information of X cluster interior nodes, wherein the X cluster interior nodes are selected from all HPLC and RF neighbor nodes of an application node by CCO based on the received cluster head application message I and cluster head application message II, and the set of the X cluster interior nodes is a cluster of the application node; each slave node can only belong to one cluster, so if nodes in the set (cluster) are already allocated to other clusters, the slave node is eliminated from the set;
the cluster head application consent message is also an MAC layer management message newly added on the basis of the existing dual-mode standard, the type definition of the message is specifically shown in a table 2, and the definition of the cluster head application consent message format is specifically shown in a table 3;
table 2 newly added type definition of MAC layer management message
TABLE 3 Cluster first application agreement message
Step S4, after receiving the cluster head application approval message from the node, the cluster head node is formed, and broadcast and send are carried out on an HPLC channel and an RF channel for n times (for example, n=3), so that X cluster nodes in the cluster head application approval message learn the specific content of the cluster; the number of cluster head nodes in the whole network is K, and the whole network is provided with K clusters correspondingly;
Step S5, in the subsequent network operation process of a certain cluster head node, if a new node is found to meet the condition of joining the cluster, or if part of nodes in the cluster do not meet the condition of the cluster any more, a cluster head application message I and a cluster head application message II are sent to the CCO again, and the CCO updates the nodes in the cluster according to the cluster head application message; if the total number of nodes in the cluster in the message is 0, the original cluster is dispersed by CCO;
And S6, after the dual-mode communication network generates the whole network meter reading requirement, the CCO informs the whole network node to enter the whole network meter reading mode through a standard beacon frame.
In a specific application, the notification is achieved by adding a definition to one reserved bit of the payload portion of the standard beacon frame signal, see in particular table 5.
Table 5 field definition specification of standard beacon frame payload portion
In order to provide more channel resources for the whole network meter reading service as much as possible, the CCO does not arrange the node to transmit HPLC and RF discovery beacon signals in the beacon period; in addition, in order to avoid interference to the whole network meter reading service, all slave nodes do not transmit any signals irrelevant to the meter reading service in the beacon period except for performing necessary beacon signal relay transmission (if arranged).
Specifically, the strategy for CCO to perform whole network meter reading is as follows:
When the CCO sends the meter reading downlink message and the receiving confirmation message, if the addresses of the target nodes of the meter reading downlink message and the receiving confirmation message are unicast addresses of cluster head nodes, the CCO executes the method according to the original dual-mode communication standard, if the addresses of the target nodes of the meter reading downlink message and the receiving confirmation message are multicast addresses of the cluster head nodes, the target nodes of the message are the cluster head nodes, and the coverage objects of the message content are all the nodes in the cluster;
The CCO records the meter reading time of each cluster head node for m times (for example, m=3) recently and calculates the average value of the meter reading time for m times as the meter reading average time of the cluster head node; specifically, the one-time meter reading time refers to that the CCO starts timing when sending a downlink meter reading message to the node until the CCO receives an uplink meter reading message (as shown in fig. 5) sent by the node, and stops timing; if a meter reading spans the beacon period, as shown in fig. 6, the time length of the beacon slot area needs to be deducted;
c. Based on meter reading average time of each cluster head node, sequencing the K cluster head nodes from small to large, wherein the sequenced node sequences are marked as Y= [ Y 1,Y2,…,YK ], the meter reading average time sequences of the latest m times corresponding to the node sequences are marked as T= [ T 1,T2,…,TK ], and CCO reads the data of the 1 st cluster head node Y 1 by using the traditional flow shown in fig. 4; in the interactive message between the CCO and the 1 st cluster head node Y 1, the related address of the 1 st cluster head node Y 1 comprises a source node address and a destination node address, which are unicast short addresses;
The data reading of the whole network node is a special communication service of the energy metering network, and a power grid management department can periodically perform electric quantity metering of the whole network node (an electric meter and an LTU) and reading of line electric parameter monitoring data, and a typical value is fifteen minutes. As shown in fig. 4, the conventional flow of data reading at present is specifically: the CCO sends a meter reading downlink message to the data reading target node, wherein the message carries the MAC address of the target node and the requirement of reading data, and after receiving the message, the target node sends a corresponding meter reading uplink message to the CCO according to the content requirement of the meter reading downlink message; after receiving the meter reading uplink message of the target node, the CCO sends a receiving confirmation message to the target node;
d. If the CCO successfully reads the data of the first cluster head node Y 1 within the preset time, for example, within the time of 1.3t 1, it is indicated that the communication link between the CCO and the first cluster head node Y 1 at the current time is stable and reliable, and the CCO further uses the first cluster head node Y 1 as a relay point to continuously read the data of other nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located; otherwise, the CCO eliminates the first cluster head node Y 1 from the node sequence Y, moves the nodes in the cluster to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then tries to read meter again; if the CCO cannot successfully read the data of the first cluster head node Y 1 within the preset time, it is indicated that the communication link between the CCO and the node Y 1 is not stable and reliable at the current time, so that Y 1 is removed from the node sequence Y, the nodes in the cluster are moved to the end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and meter reading is attempted again subsequently, so that the meter reading efficiency is improved;
after completing the meter reading process of the cluster where the 1 st cluster head node is located, the CCO continues the meter reading process of the remaining K-1 clusters in the same mode;
f. after the meter reading process taking the clustering as a basic unit is completed, if the nodes which are not read successfully exist in the whole network, the CCO initiates a meter reading process to the nodes in a traditional mode. The conventional meter reading flow is shown in fig. 4, and will not be described again here.
In a specific application, in the step d, the CCO performs data reading of each node through the following steps:
d1, the CCO takes the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as a message destination node, sends a downlink meter reading message to the first cluster head node Y 1, and the MAC address of the destination node carried in the message is the MAC address of the first cluster head node Y 1 and also carries the reading data item requirement; unicast and anchor addresses of cluster head nodes are mapped one by one, so that the message with the multicast address as a target node and the message with the unicast address corresponding to the multicast address as the target node are identical in routing transmission, and the calculation mode of the message relay route is not affected;
d2, after receiving the downlink meter reading message, the first cluster head node Y 1 respectively carries out relay broadcast on an HPLC channel and an RF channel to enable all nodes in the cluster to acquire the message;
d3, all nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located are ranked on the HPLC channel and the RF channel according to the nodes in the cluster to send self-uplink meter reading messages; in the clustering of which the first cluster head node Y 1 is the cluster head, the number of nodes with the same phase on an HPLC channel and the first cluster head node Y 1 is X 1, and the number of nodes without the same phase of the first cluster head node Y 1 is X 2, and the two types of nodes can send self-uplink meter reading messages on the HPLC channel and the RF channel according to the node ordering in the clustering, and the specific time slot arrangement of the two types of nodes is shown in fig. 7;
Because the nodes in the cluster are all single-phase ammeter, the reading data items of the nodes are the same in one whole network meter reading, so the content length of the uplink meter reading message reported by each node is the same, and strong bi-directional links of HPLC or RF exist between the nodes in the cluster and the first cluster head node Y 1, so the links of the two parties can support the highest-order modulation/coding scheme supported by the physical layer by default, so the length of each data time slot on the same channel is the same, and the time slot length is equal to the signal length required when the uplink meter reading message adopts the highest-order modulation/coding scheme; after receiving the cluster head application agreement message, the cluster head application node broadcasts and transmits the message three times on an HPLC and a wireless channel, so that X nodes in the cluster all learn the specific content of the cluster, thereby knowing the own sequencing and knowing the transmission time slot position of the own uplink meter reading message according to the specific content;
d4, after the first cluster head node Y 1 sequentially receives the uplink meter reading messages of the nodes in the cluster, the messages are transmitted to the CCO in an uplink relay mode;
d5, after the CCO correctly receives the uplink meter reading messages of all the nodes in the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located, the CCO takes the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as a target node and sends a receiving confirmation message to the first cluster head node Y 1;
d6, after receiving the receiving confirmation message, the first cluster head node Y 1 uses its own multicast address as a signal transmission address, and relays broadcast and transmits the receiving confirmation message on the HPLC and RF channels respectively;
d7, after receiving the receiving confirmation message, all nodes in the cluster learn that the self-uplink meter reading message is correctly received by the CCO and do not repeat the sending.
Further, considering the unreliability of HPLC and RF channels, if in step d5, the CCO correctly receives only the uplink meter reading message of a part of the cluster nodes, the CCO retries meter reading to the cluster nodes failed in reading in the conventional single-point meter reading manner, and if all meter reading can be successful in this manner, the CCO still uses the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as the destination node and sends a receipt confirmation message to the first cluster head node Y 1; if the meter reading cannot be successful, sending a receiving confirmation message to the nodes which are successfully read one by one in a traditional mode, moving the nodes which fail to read to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then attempting meter reading.
In step S2, after receiving the standard beacon frame signal from the slave node, if the value of the field 'cluster head node application flag bit' is 1, the slave node determines whether the slave node can become a cluster head node according to the following 2 conditions:
the condition 1) is that the communication module is a node with three-phase monitoring capability, for example, the three-phase ammeter or LTU (the hardware physical forms of the two-mode communication modules embedded in the single-phase ammeter, the three-phase ammeter and the LTU are inconsistent, the communication module has no generality, and the communication module loads equipment form information in a program when leaving a factory, so that the specific form of monitoring equipment connected with the communication module can be judged;
The condition 2) can find a neighboring node set that satisfies the following conditions at the same time, and the nodes in the cluster in the step S4 are all nodes that satisfy the condition 2):
2-1) the number of the nodes contained in the collection is more than or equal to 6, and all the equipment forms are ammeter communication units, namely ammeter nodes;
2-2) there is a strong bi-directional communication link on the RF side between itself and all nodes in the set;
2-3) at least one node with the same line phase as the node, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node and the node on the HPLC side;
2-4) strong bi-directional communication links exist between any two nodes of the same line phase in the set on the HPLC side;
2-5) there is a strong bi-directional communication link between any two nodes in this set on the RF side.
The above two conditions, condition 1) is used to exclude the user electric meter in the meter box from becoming a cluster head node; condition 2) is used for finding out a cluster head node in a scene that more nodes are installed in the local space region. The nodes satisfying 5 sub-conditions in condition 2) at the same time are highly probable as table box LTU nodes installed at the table box line entrance, as shown in fig. 8 in particular. The meter box LTU nodes are arranged at the inlet end of the meter box line, the three-dimensional space distance between the meter box LTU nodes and all the ammeter nodes in the meter box is very small, and therefore a strong two-way communication link exists between the meter box LTU nodes and any two ammeter nodes in the meter box on the RF side; on the HPLC side, the line distance between nodes of the same line phase is also very short, so that there is also a strong bi-directional communication link between nodes of the same phase on the HPLC side.
2-2 To 2-5 in the condition 2) are also that the step S5 finds that the new node satisfies the condition of joining the present cluster, i.e. in the step S5, if a certain cluster head node finds that the new node satisfies: a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and all nodes of the cluster where the cluster head node is located at the wireless side; at least one node with the same line phase as the new node exists in the cluster where the cluster head node is located, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and the in-phase nodes on the broadband carrier side of the power line; a strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes with the same line phase in the cluster where the cluster head node is located on the broadband carrier side of the power line; and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes in the cluster where the cluster head node is located at the wireless side, so that the node can join in the cluster where the cluster head node is located.
In addition, all of the X intra-cluster nodes in step S3 also satisfy the condition 2), and the X intra-cluster nodes satisfy: the number of the nodes contained in the clusters where the nodes in the X clusters are located is more than or equal to 6, and the nodes are all ammeter nodes; strong bidirectional communication links exist between the nodes in each cluster and all the nodes in the cluster at the wireless side; at least one node with the same line phase as the node in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located exists, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node in-phase and the node in-phase on the broadband carrier side of the power line; strong bidirectional communication links exist between any two nodes with the same line phase in the clusters where the X intra-cluster nodes are located on the broadband carrier side of the power line; there is a strong bi-directional communication link on the wireless side between any two nodes in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located.
In addition, according to the present dual-mode communication standard, in the dual-mode communication network, except that the CCO node is provided with transmitting and receiving HPLC signals alternately on the three-phase line, the dual-mode communication modules of other slave nodes can be fixed on a certain phase only on the HPLC side to transmit and receive HPLC signals. The energy of the HPLC signal is mainly transmitted along the power line, and the signal cross-line transmission can generate larger energy attenuation, so that the space distance between the meter box LTU node and the heterophase node in the meter box is small, and if the electromagnetic signal shielding effect of the power supply line is good, a direct communication link does not necessarily exist between the meter box LTU node and the heterophase node on the HPLC side.
In the dual-mode communication network, since a large number of electric devices exist on the power supply line at the HPLC side, a large number of strong pulse interference signals can be randomly generated on the power supply line in the operation process of the devices, so that the dual-mode communication module does not evaluate the quality of the received signal through the traditional received signal strength or the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal when receiving the baseband signal of the HPLC physical layer, and generally, the accuracy of message reception is directly used to measure the quality of the HPLC channel link between two nodes. On the RF side, the received signal quality is estimated using conventional received signal strength or received signal to noise ratio. Thus, the strong bi-directional communication links on the HPLC side and the RF side of the present invention refer to:
strong bi-directional communication link on HPLC side: the success rate of communication between two nodes at the HPLC side is more than 95%;
strong bi-directional communication link on RF side: the signal reception strength on the RF side between the two nodes is greater than-20 dBm.
The values of 95% and-20 dBm were obtained based on a number of actual test values on the HPLC channel and on the radio channel between the meter box and the meter box for the field station.
It should be further noted that, when the dual-mode communication node is networking, the short address of the CCO node is fixed to be 0 with the length of 12 bits; the CCO assigns a unique short address of length 12 bits to other slave nodes when they are on the network, for their identity in the network, which can be regarded as a unicast short address. The existing dual-mode communication standard provides that when a dual-mode communication node sends a network access application to a CCO, the association request message of the dual-mode communication node carries specific equipment form information of the dual-mode node, and 7 options are selected, namely a copy controller, a concentrator local communication unit, an ammeter communication unit, a repeater, a type II collector, a type I collector unit and a three-phase ammeter communication unit, wherein the equipment form of an LTU node is attributed to the three-phase ammeter communication unit. In the invention, the CCO further distributes a multicast short address for the cluster head application node for identifying all nodes of the cluster. In order to realize the distinguishing and identifying of the unicast address and the multicast address, in the invention, the value range of the unicast short address of the node of the three-phase ammeter communication unit in the equipment form is an even number value in a section [2048,3047], other numerical addresses outside the section are distributed to the nodes of the rest 6 equipment forms, and if a certain equipment form is the node of the three-phase ammeter communication unit for cluster head application, the CCO fixes the allocated multicast short address as the numerical value of the own short address plus +1. In a radio field, the number of LTU nodes is typically only tens, and the number of three-phase subscriber meters is also typically relatively rare, so that the number of unicast and multicast short addresses is completely sufficient. Based on the above address allocation rule, it can be known that the unicast short address and the multicast short address of the cluster head node are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the accuracy of the routing transmission process and the information content analysis of the signal is not affected.
The invention uses the basic principle that a plurality of ammeter nodes are arranged in each meter box, and the characteristics of stable and reliable communication links exist between the nodes and meter box LTU nodes, and optimizes the flow of the whole network meter reading in a clustering mode, thereby effectively improving the communication efficiency and success rate of the whole network meter reading. The advantages of the present invention are described below in a practical example.
As shown in fig. 9, assuming that 12 meters are installed in one meter box, the number of meters in three phases is 4, and these meters and their meter box LTUs form one cluster. The CCO firstly tries to read the data of the meter box LTU, if the data is successfully read and the meter reading time is not more than 1.3 times of the meter reading time average value, the communication link between the meter box LTU and the CCO is considered to be stable at the current moment, the meter box LTU is further taken as a relay point, and the success rate of reading the data of the nodes in the meter box is higher, so that the routing performance of the network is improved. On the other hand, in the meter reading process shown in fig. 4, the meter reading process of each node needs 3 message interactions, and the channel overhead is high and the communication success rate is poor in a multi-hop scene; the invention can inform 12 ammeter nodes to report data by one message by means of multicast address, and can also confirm the reception of uplink data messages of 12 meter box nodes by one message, thereby greatly reducing channel cost and improving communication success rate. After the data of 12 ammeter nodes are received by the table box LTU nodes, the nodes are all LTU nodes for uplink relay transmission, and the number of nodes for signal competition transmission on a CSMA time slot area is greatly reduced, so that the signal collision probability is correspondingly reduced, and the signal single-hop receiving success rate is improved.
In order to verify the accuracy of the method, under the support of a certain power grid company, 1 residential life radio station area using a dual-mode communication technology is selected for carrying out scheme performance test, and 605 electric meters are shared in the area and are respectively arranged in 51 meter boxes. Because the number of the ammeter in the platform area is large, the network scale is huge, the average meter reading success rate is low, and the transmission delay of meter reading data is large.
And the experimenter performs software upgrading on the whole network node, and then performs the whole network node data reading performance test once for 15 minutes. The meter reading success rate and meter reading average time data of 10 times of whole network meter reading before the platform area is not upgraded and after the platform area software is upgraded are shown in the following table.
Table 6 Whole network meter reading performance table before and after upgrading of experiment table area
As can be seen from the test results, because the number of the ammeter nodes in the local area is numerous, when the traditional whole network meter reading process is executed by the content of the existing dual-mode standard protocol, the network service load level is higher during the whole network meter reading, and the meter reading success rate of the nodes and the meter reading average time performance are poorer. The method optimizes a plurality of relevant links of the whole network meter reading process, including prohibiting nodes from transmitting signals irrelevant to meter reading in the whole network meter reading process, effectively reducing the relevant message interaction quantity in the whole network meter reading process, and the like, thereby effectively improving the comprehensive performance of the whole network meter reading of the dual-mode network.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The data reading method for the dual-mode communication network is characterized in that the dual-mode communication network comprises a master node and a slave node, wherein the slave node at least comprises an ammeter node and a line terminal unit node, at least one ammeter node is arranged in one ammeter box, and the line terminal unit node is arranged at a meter box line inlet of the ammeter box; the data reading method comprises the following steps:
step S1, the master node issues a command to require a network access slave node in a network to apply for cluster head nodes;
Step S2, after receiving the command issued by the master node, the slave node judges whether the slave node can become a cluster head node or not, and if so, sends a cluster head application message to the master node;
s3, after receiving a cluster head application message of a certain slave node, the master node sends a cluster head application approval message to the slave node, wherein the cluster head application approval message comprises information of X intra-cluster nodes, the X intra-cluster nodes are all neighbor nodes of a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel of the slave node, and a set of the X intra-cluster nodes is a cluster of the slave node;
S4, the slave node receives the cluster head application approval message and becomes a cluster head node, and the cluster head application approval message is broadcast and sent to X cluster interior nodes on a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel respectively;
s5, in the network operation process of a certain cluster head node, if a new node is found to meet the condition of joining the cluster, or if part of nodes in the cluster do not meet the condition of the cluster any more, a cluster head application message is sent to the main node again, and the main node updates the nodes in the cluster according to the cluster head application message;
S6, after the network generates the whole network meter reading requirement, the master node informs the whole network node to enter a whole network meter reading mode, and the master node executes the whole network meter reading strategy as follows:
a. The master node sends a meter reading downlink message and a receiving confirmation message;
b. For each cluster head node, the master node records the meter reading time of the cluster head node for m times recently and calculates the average value of the meter reading time for m times as the meter reading average time of the cluster head node;
c. Based on meter reading average time of each cluster head node, sequencing the K cluster head nodes from small to large, wherein the sequenced node sequence is marked as Y= [ Y 1,Y2,…,YK ], and the master node uses a traditional meter reading flow to read data of a1 st cluster head node Y 1 in the node sequence Y;
d. If the master node successfully reads the data of the first cluster head node Y 1 within the preset time, the data of other X-1 nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located are continuously read by taking the first cluster head node Y 1 as a relay point; otherwise, the master node eliminates the first cluster head node Y 1 from the node sequence Y, moves other X-1 nodes in the cluster to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then performs reading;
e. after finishing reading the data of the cluster where the 1 st cluster head node Y 1 is located, the master node carries out data reading on the rest K-1 clusters in the same mode;
f. After the meter reading process taking the clustering as a basic unit is completed, if the nodes which are not read successfully exist in the whole network, the master node uses the traditional meter reading process to read the data from the nodes.
2. The data reading method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the sending manner of the cluster head application packet is to perform relay transmission in an uplink unicast manner, and the final destination node is the master node.
3. The data reading method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step d, the master node performs data reading of each node through the following steps:
d1, the master node takes a multicast address of a first cluster head node Y 1 as a message destination node and sends a downlink meter reading message to the first cluster head node Y 1;
d2, after receiving the downlink meter reading message, the first cluster head node Y 1 respectively carries out relay broadcast on a power line broadband carrier channel and a wireless channel;
d3, all nodes of the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located are sequenced on the power line broadband carrier channel and the wireless channel according to the nodes in the cluster to send self uplink meter reading messages;
d4, after the first cluster head node Y 1 sequentially receives the uplink meter reading messages of the nodes in the cluster, the messages are transmitted to the master node in an uplink relay mode;
d5, after the master node correctly receives the uplink meter reading messages of all the nodes in the cluster where the first cluster head node Y 1 is located, the master node takes the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as a destination node and sends a receiving confirmation message to the first cluster head node Y 1;
d6, after receiving the receiving acknowledgement message, the first cluster head node Y 1 uses its own multicast address as a signal transmission address, and relays broadcast and transmission of the receiving acknowledgement message on the power line broadband carrier channel and the wireless channel respectively;
d7, after all nodes in the cluster receive the receiving confirmation message, the repeated transmission is not carried out.
4. A method of reading data as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step d5, if the master node only correctly receives the uplink meter reading message of a part of the cluster nodes, the master node retries meter reading to the cluster nodes with failed meter reading in a traditional single-point meter reading mode, and if all meter reading succeeds, the master node takes the multicast address of the first cluster head node Y 1 as a destination node and sends a receiving confirmation message to the first cluster head node Y 1; if the meter reading cannot be successful, sending a receiving confirmation message to the nodes which are successful in reading one by one, moving the nodes which fail in meter reading to the tail end of the whole network meter reading node sequence, and then reading the data.
5. The data reading method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the slave node determines whether the slave node itself can become a cluster head node according to the following 2 conditions:
condition 1) itself is a node with three-phase monitoring capability;
condition 2) itself can find a set of neighbor nodes that simultaneously satisfy the following conditions:
2-1) the number of the nodes contained in the collection is more than or equal to 6, and the nodes are all ammeter nodes;
2-2) there is a strong bi-directional communication link on the wireless side between itself and all nodes in the set;
2-3) at least one node with the same line phase as the node, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node and the node on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
2-4) strong bidirectional communication links exist between any two nodes with the same line phase in the set on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
2-5) there is a strong bi-directional communication link between any two nodes in the set on the wireless side.
6. The data reading method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, if the cluster head node finds that the new node meets the following four conditions, the cluster head node joins the node in the present cluster:
1) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and all nodes of the cluster where the cluster head node is located at the wireless side;
2) At least one node with the same line phase as the new node exists in the cluster where the cluster head node is located, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the new node and the in-phase nodes on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
3) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes with the same line phase in the cluster where the cluster head node is located on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
4) A strong bidirectional communication link exists between any two nodes in the cluster where the cluster head node is located on the wireless side.
7. The data reading method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the X intra-cluster nodes in step S3 all satisfy the following five conditions:
1) The number of the nodes contained in the clusters where the nodes in the X clusters are located is more than or equal to 6, and the nodes are all ammeter nodes;
2) Strong bidirectional communication links exist between the nodes in each cluster and all the nodes in the cluster at the wireless side;
3) At least one node with the same line phase as the node in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located exists, and a strong bidirectional communication link exists between the node in-phase and the node in-phase on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
4) Strong bidirectional communication links exist between any two nodes with the same line phase in the clusters where the X intra-cluster nodes are located on the broadband carrier side of the power line;
5) There is a strong bi-directional communication link on the wireless side between any two nodes in the cluster where the X intra-cluster nodes are located.
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