CN117949475A - Method for researching influence factors of fracture type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage capacity ratio - Google Patents
Method for researching influence factors of fracture type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage capacity ratio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for researching influence factors of a fracture oil reservoir channeling coefficient and an elastic storage capacity ratio, which comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional digital core model of a dual-medium fracture sample and a matrix sample; changing the crack opening degree of a three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample to obtain the influence of the crack opening degree on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of a crack type oil reservoir in a research area; changing the matrix type of a three-dimensional digital core model of a matrix sample to obtain the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of a fractured reservoir in a research area; and constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances to obtain the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: by operating the three-dimensional digital core model, relevant parameters of the three-dimensional digital core model are changed, so that influences of different parameters on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient are researched, and the microscopic change process of the core can be revealed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of research on seepage capability of a fractured reservoir, in particular to a method for researching influence factors of a channeling coefficient and an elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured reservoir.
Background
In the exploitation process of a fractured oil reservoir, as the formation pressure is reduced, the matrix and the fracture deform, the porosity and the permeability of the matrix and the fracture are continuously changed, and the reduction of the permeability and the porosity inevitably influences the change of underground seepage capability, so that the productivity of an oil well is influenced. The elastic storage capacity ratio is defined as the ratio of the elastic storage capacity of the fracture system to the total elastic storage capacity of the reservoir, and is used to describe the relative magnitudes of the elastic storage capacities of the fracture system and the matrix system. The fluid channeling coefficient is used to describe the physical amount of fluid exchange between the matrix and the fracture and reflects the ability of the fluid in the matrix to channeling to the fracture. Because the elastic storage-volume ratio and the cross flow coefficient are parameters related to the porosity and the permeability, the parameters are continuously changed in the exploitation process, so that the influence factors of the cross flow coefficient and the elastic storage-volume ratio of the fractured reservoir are researched, and theoretical guidance can be provided for the exploitation process of the fractured reservoir.
In the prior art, when researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio, a plurality of core samples with different influence factors are usually selected for detection, and the detection results are compared, so that the influence of each factor on the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio is obtained. However, since it is generally difficult to select core samples with consistent structures, the structural difference of the core samples can have a significant influence on the research result, resulting in low accuracy of the research result, and in addition, the existing research on influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio can only be researched from a macroscopic angle, and when each influence factor is changed, the microstructure change of the reservoir cannot be revealed, so that the theoretical research on the influence mechanism of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio, so as to solve the technical problems that the research accuracy of the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio is not high and the theoretical research of the influence mechanism of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio is not facilitated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for researching influence factors of a fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and an elastic storage-capacity ratio, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Respectively acquiring three-dimensional gray level images of a dual-medium crack sample and a matrix sample of a research area by adopting a CT scanning method, and acquiring three-dimensional digital core models of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample based on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample;
According to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample in the research area, calculating the initial elastic storage capacity ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fracture oil reservoir in the research area;
Changing the crack opening degree of a three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees, and obtaining the influence of the crack opening degree on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees;
Changing the matrix type of the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, and obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types;
Constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances, taking the combined three-dimensional digital core models as new fracture three-dimensional digital core models, calculating corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area under different fracture distances, and obtaining the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area under different fracture distances.
In some embodiments, a CT scanning method is used to obtain three-dimensional grayscale images of a dual-medium fracture sample and a matrix sample of a study area, and based on the three-dimensional grayscale images of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample, a three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample is obtained, which specifically includes:
Performing binary segmentation on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample to obtain assignment of the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample at each pixel point;
And according to the assignment of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample at each pixel point, obtaining a three-dimensional digital core model corresponding to the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample.
In some embodiments, according to a three-dimensional digital core model of a dual medium fracture sample and a matrix sample of a research area, calculating an initial elastic storage-capacity ratio and an initial channeling coefficient of the fracture oil reservoir of the research area specifically comprises:
Obtaining the total porosity of the dual-medium crack sample and the total porosity of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
Obtaining the permeability of the dual-medium crack sample and the permeability of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
And obtaining the compression coefficient, the shape factor and the oil well radius of the bedrock system of the research area, and obtaining the initial elastic storage capacity ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir of the research area through the porosity and the permeability of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample of the research area, the compression coefficient, the shape factor and the oil well radius of the bedrock system.
In some embodiments, based on the three-dimensional digital core model, the total porosity is calculated by:
where N is the number of voxels r in the digital core, Z (r) is the pore phase/fracture phase function, and (x, y, Z) is the coordinate point.
In some embodiments, the permeability is calculated using the lattice Boltzmann method.
In some embodiments, the calculation formula for the cross-flow coefficient is:
Wherein α is a form factor; r w is the well radius; k m、kf is the permeability of the matrix sample and the dual dielectric fracture sample, respectively.
In some embodiments, the fracture elastic storage ratio is calculated as:
Wherein c m、cf is the compression coefficient of the bedrock system and the fracture system respectively; Φ m、Φf is the porosity of the matrix sample and the dual media fracture sample, respectively.
In some embodiments, changing the fracture opening of the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture openings, and obtaining the influence of the fracture opening on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture openings, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of performing corrosion operation on a three-dimensional digital core model of a dual-medium fracture sample by taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample as an image element and taking the number of neighbor voxels as a structural element;
Taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample as an image element, taking the number of the neighborhood voxels as a structural element, performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded dual-medium fracture sample, and constructing fracture three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture openings;
according to the crack three-dimensional digital core models with different opening degrees, obtaining the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil reservoir in the research area under different crack opening degrees;
And obtaining the influence of the fracture opening on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fracture oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fracture oil deposit in the research area under different fracture openings.
In some embodiments, changing the matrix type of the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, and obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample is used as a picture element, the number of neighbor voxels is used as a structural element, and corrosion operation is carried out on the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample;
Taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample as an image element, taking the number of the neighborhood voxels as a structural element, performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded matrix sample, and constructing three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types;
according to the three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types, obtaining the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir of the research area under the different matrix types;
And obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types.
In some embodiments, constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances, taking the combined three-dimensional digital core models as new fracture three-dimensional digital core models, calculating corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area under different fracture distances, and obtaining the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area under different fracture distances, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Inserting three-dimensional digital core models of different numbers of matrix samples, which are arranged side by side, between two three-dimensional digital core models of dual-medium fracture samples, and constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances;
calculating the corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratio and the corresponding channeling coefficient by taking the combined three-dimensional digital core model as a new crack three-dimensional digital core model so as to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack distances;
And obtaining the influence of the fracture distance on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area at different fracture distances.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio, which is provided by the invention, a digital rock core is taken as a research platform, the fracture porosity, the matrix porosity, the fracture permeability and the matrix permeability are respectively calculated on a microscopic scale, the flow mechanism between the fracture and the matrix is analyzed, the seepage rule between the fracture and the matrix is simulated, and macroscopic scale data are combined, so that the elastic storage capacity ratio, the channeling coefficient and the like of the fracture-type oil reservoir are calculated; by operating the three-dimensional digital core model, relevant parameters of the three-dimensional digital core model are changed, so that influences of different parameters on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient are researched, the accuracy of experimental results is high, the microscopic change process of the core can be revealed, and data support can be provided for theoretical research on influence mechanisms of the channeling coefficient of a fractured oil reservoir and the elastic storage-capacity ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for researching factors of fracture reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage-capacity ratio provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional gray scale image of a dual medium fracture sample acquired by a micrometer CT scan and a three-dimensional digital core model derived from the three-dimensional gray scale image (in the three-dimensional digital core model, gray represents the fracture space);
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional gray scale image of a substrate sample obtained by a micrometer CT scan and a three-dimensional digital core model derived from the three-dimensional gray scale image (in the three-dimensional digital core model, black is the pore and white is the particle);
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of step S2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a D3Q19 model mesh structure in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of step S3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional digital core model of a double-medium crack sample constructed when the number of neighborhood voxels is respectively set to-2, -1, 1 and 2;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the cross flow coefficient and elastic storage-to-volume ratio of a fractured reservoir in a study area at different fracture openings;
FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of step S4 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample constructed when the number of neighborhood voxels is set to-2, -1, 2, respectively;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the cross flow coefficient and elastic storage-to-volume ratio for a fractured reservoir in a study area for different matrix types;
FIG. 13 is a schematic flow chart of step S5 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a process for constructing a combined three-dimensional digital core model of 20mm fracture distance;
FIG. 15 is a graph of the cross-flow coefficient and elastic storage-to-volume ratio of a fractured reservoir of a study area at different fracture distances.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the application is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the application, are used to explain the principles of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Interpretation of the terms
Definition of the Cross flow coefficient and the elastic storage Capacity ratio
The elastic storage capacity ratio is defined as the ratio of the elastic storage capacity of the fracture system to the total elastic storage capacity of the reservoir, and is used to describe the relative magnitudes of the elastic storage capacities of the fracture system and the matrix system. The fluid channeling coefficient is used to describe the physical amount of fluid exchange between the matrix and the fracture and reflects the ability of the fluid in the matrix to channeling to the fracture. Since the elastic storage to volume ratio and the fluid channeling coefficient are parameters related to porosity and permeability, they also change continuously during the production process.
In the process of fluid seepage of the dual-medium oil reservoir, fluid exchange exists between the matrix and the fracture. The fluid channeling coefficient reflects the ability of the fluid in the matrix to channeling toward the fracture. The elastic storage ratio is used to describe the relative magnitudes of the elastic storage capacities of the fracture system and the matrix system.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for researching influence factors of a fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and an elastic storage-capacity ratio, which comprises the following steps:
S1, respectively acquiring three-dimensional gray level images of a dual-medium crack sample and a matrix sample of a research area by adopting a CT scanning method, and acquiring three-dimensional digital core models of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample based on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample;
When the dual medium crack sample and the matrix sample of the research area are selected, representative dual medium crack samples and matrix samples are selected, and if the samples are improperly selected, the accuracy of the final experimental result may be reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S1, based on the three-dimensional gray scale images of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample, a specific method for obtaining the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample includes:
s11, performing binary segmentation on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample to obtain assignment of the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample to each pixel point, wherein in the embodiment, the assignment is 0 or 1, wherein 1 represents a pore voxel, and 0 represents a particle voxel;
Based on a three-dimensional gray image obtained by CT scanning, performing binary segmentation on the image by an Otsu algorithm. Otsu's method, called Otsu's method or maximum inter-class variance method, was proposed in 1975, and is a method for dynamically determining the threshold value of image binarization with maximum inter-class variance between foreground and background.
The specific steps for determining the threshold value of the image binarization comprise:
(1) Defining an inter-class variance:
(2) Defining the overall variance:
(3) Selecting an optimal threshold t, so that it meets a maximum decision criterion:
and S12, according to assignment of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample at each pixel point, obtaining a three-dimensional digital core model corresponding to the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a three-dimensional gray scale image of a dual-medium fracture sample obtained by micro CT scanning and a three-dimensional digital core model obtained from the three-dimensional gray scale image are shown, wherein, the voxel resolution of the three-dimensional gray scale image of the dual medium crack sample is 5 μm, the voxel size is 400 x 400, the physical dimensions were 2000. Mu.m.times.2000. Mu.m; and performing binary segmentation on the three-dimensional gray level image of the dual-medium crack sample through an Otsu algorithm to obtain a corresponding three-dimensional digital core model of the crack sample.
As shown in figure 4 which shows a three-dimensional gray scale image of a matrix sample obtained by a micro CT scan and a three-dimensional digital core model derived from the three-dimensional gray scale image, wherein, the voxel resolution of the three-dimensional gray scale image of the matrix sample is 1 mu m, the voxel size is 300 multiplied by 300, and the physical size is 300 mu m multiplied by 300 mu m; and performing binary segmentation on the three-dimensional gray level image of the matrix sample through an Otsu algorithm to obtain a corresponding three-dimensional digital core model of the crack sample.
S2, calculating the initial elastic storage capacity ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir in the research area according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fractured sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
Referring to fig. 5, step S2 specifically includes:
S21, obtaining the total porosity of the dual-medium crack sample and the total porosity of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
Based on the three-dimensional digital core model, the total porosity is calculated by:
Where N is the number of voxels r in the digital core and Z (r) is the pore phase/fracture phase function:
In this example, the calculated porosities of the dual medium fracture sample and the matrix sample were 1.53% and 7%, respectively.
S22, obtaining the permeability of the dual-medium crack sample and the permeability of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
In this example, the permeability was calculated using the lattice Boltzmann method. The permeability of the digital core, i.e., the movement of particles from 19 directions in the three-dimensional reconstructed porous medium, was calculated based on the D3Q19 model in LBGK model (fig. 6), defining three-dimensional grid voxels, each containing 19 particle distribution functions.
The discrete speed direction is:
The evolution equation is:
The equilibrium distribution function is:
Macroscopic density, macroscopic speed is:
The formulas (6) - (9) form an iterative model of a lattice Boltzmann method, wherein f i (x, t) is a particle distribution function of a lattice point x along the i direction at the moment t; τ is the relaxation (relaxation) time; c=Δx/Δt is the lattice speed; Δx and Δt are the mesh step size and the time step size, respectively; the weight coefficient is as follows: t σ＝1/3,i＝0;tσ＝1/18,i＝1…6;tσ = 1/36, i = 7 ….
In the calculation, the direction of fluid seepage is set first, and the rest four sides of the digital rock core are sealed by a layer of skeleton points. In order to ensure the second-order calculation accuracy, a curve boundary condition is adopted between the pore and the rock framework, and a certain pressure gradient is applied to the inlet and the outletAnd thus the corresponding permeability can be calculated.
In this example, the calculated permeabilities of the dual media crack sample and the matrix sample were 107.6mD and 2.22mD, respectively.
S23, obtaining a bedrock system compression coefficient, a fracture system compression coefficient, a shape factor and an oil well radius of the research area, and obtaining an initial elastic storage capacity ratio and an initial channeling coefficient of the fracture type oil reservoir of the research area through the porosity and the permeability of the dual medium fracture sample and the matrix sample of the research area, the bedrock system compression coefficient, the fracture system compression coefficient, the shape factor and the oil well radius. The calculation formula is as follows:
Cross flow coefficient inside the medium:
Crack elastic storage capacity ratio:
Wherein c m、cf is the compression coefficient of a bedrock system and a fracture system respectively, and MPa -1; alpha is a form factor; r w is the well radius, m; phi m、Φf is the porosity of the matrix sample and the dual-media fracture sample, respectively; k m、kf is the permeability, mD, of the matrix sample and the dual dielectric fracture sample, respectively.
In this embodiment, the bedrock system compression coefficient c m is 2.18x10 -4 MPa-1; crack system compression coefficient c f is 1.39x10 -3 MPa-1; the shape factor α is 0.12; the well radius r w is 0.11m. Wherein, phi m、Φf、km、kf. The values of (2) are shown in table 1, and the initial channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir in the research area is 3.00E-05 and the initial elastic storage capacity ratio is 0.582 (shown in table 1) can be obtained by substituting the data into the formulas (10) and (11).
Table 1 calculation results of initial fluid channeling coefficient and initial elastic storage-capacity ratio of fractured reservoir in research area
S3, changing the crack opening degree of the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees, and obtaining the influence of the crack opening degree on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees;
Referring to fig. 7, step S3 includes the following steps:
S31, performing corrosion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample by taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample as an image element and taking the number of adjacent voxels as structural elements;
the etching operation may thin or disappear the target object in the image, typically to remove small noise points or disconnected image portions. The principle of the eroding operation is to apply a structural element to each pixel of the image, which pixel is preserved only when the structural element is fully contained in the image.
Performing etching operation on the image, wherein the etching operation of the image is similar to median smoothing, and firstly taking the minimum value in a neighborhood of each position as an output pixel value of the position;
the etching operation of the picture element I and the structural element S is:
s32, expanding the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded dual-medium crack sample by taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample as an image element and the number of the neighborhood voxels as a structural element, and constructing crack three-dimensional digital core models with different crack openings;
and performing expansion operation on the image, wherein the expansion operation and the corrosion operation principle of the image are similar, and the expansion is to select the maximum value in the adjacent area of each position as an output gray value. The expansion operation, as opposed to erosion, may thicken or join the target objects in the image. It enlarges the size of the target object by applying a structural element to each pixel of the image and setting the pixel in the area covered by the structural element to the value of the target pixel.
The expansion operation of the picture element I and the structural element S is as follows:
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional digital core model of the crack sample is taken as the image element I, the number of neighborhood voxels is taken as the structural element S, and after the processing of the corrosion operation and the expansion operation, the width of the crack region can be changed, so as to construct the three-dimensional digital core models of the cracks with different openings.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the number of neighborhood voxels is respectively set to-2, -1, 2, and the corrosion operation and the expansion operation are respectively performed, so as to obtain a plurality of crack three-dimensional digital core models with different openings.
S33, acquiring the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir of the research area under different fracture openings according to the fracture three-dimensional digital core models with different openings;
The calculation process of step S33 is similar to that of step S2, and the present invention will not be repeated.
S34, according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture openings, the influence of the fracture openings on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area is obtained.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the flow coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured reservoir in the research area under different fracture openings are shown, where the flow coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio corresponding to the fracture opening of 0 are the initial flow coefficient and the initial elastic storage capacity ratio, and it can be found that the flow coefficient is continuously reduced and the elastic storage capacity ratio is continuously increased with the continuous increase of the fracture opening. This may be due to the increased opening of the fracture causing fluid to bleed primarily through the fracture and reduced matrix exchange.
S4, changing the matrix type of the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, and obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types;
referring to fig. 10, step S4 includes the following steps:
S41, performing corrosion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample by taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample as image elements and taking the number of neighbor voxels as structural elements;
S42, using the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample as image elements, using the number of the neighborhood voxels as structural elements, performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded matrix sample, and constructing three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types;
S43, according to three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types, obtaining the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of a fractured reservoir in a research area under different matrix types;
the calculation process of step S43 is similar to that of step S2, and the present invention will not be repeated.
S44, obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the number of neighborhood voxels is respectively set to-2, -1,2, and the corrosion operation and the expansion operation are respectively performed, so as to obtain a plurality of three-dimensional digital core models with different matrix types.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the flow coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured reservoir in the research area under different matrix types are shown, wherein the flow coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio corresponding to the matrix type 0 are the initial flow coefficient and the initial elastic storage capacity ratio, and it can be found that the flow coefficient is continuously increased and the elastic storage capacity ratio is continuously decreased with the continuous increase of the matrix pore permeation. This may be due to the increased pore penetration of the matrix, which reduces the gap between the matrix and the fracture permeability, and the exchange of fluids in the fracture and matrix is further enhanced.
S5, constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances, taking the combined three-dimensional digital core models as new fracture three-dimensional digital core models, calculating corresponding elastic storage capacity ratios and channeling coefficients to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area at different fracture distances, and obtaining the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fracture-type oil deposit in the research area at different fracture distances;
referring to fig. 13, step S5 includes the following steps:
S51, inserting three-dimensional digital core models of different numbers of matrix samples, which are arranged side by side, between two three-dimensional digital core models of dual-medium fracture samples, and constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances;
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a process of constructing a combined three-dimensional digital core model with a20 mm fracture distance, and in fig. 12, 9 matrix sample three-dimensional digital core models are placed between two dual-medium fracture sample three-dimensional digital core models, and the distance between two fractures is 20mm because the height of each three-dimensional digital core model is 2 mm. The number of matrix sample three-dimensional digital core models placed between two dual media fracture sample three-dimensional digital core models can be changed, thereby changing the distance between two fractures. And combining the three-dimensional digital core models to obtain the combined three-dimensional digital core model.
S52, calculating the corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratio and the corresponding channeling coefficient by taking the combined three-dimensional digital core model as a new crack three-dimensional digital core model so as to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil reservoir in the research area under different crack distances;
The calculation process of step S52 is similar to that of step S2, and the present invention will not be repeated.
S53, according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture distances, obtaining the influence of the fracture distance on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area.
In this embodiment, fig. 15 shows the flow coefficient and the elastic storage-capacity ratio of the fractured reservoir in the research area at different fracture distances, where the fracture distance is the flow coefficient and the elastic storage-capacity ratio corresponding to 2mm, that is, the initial flow coefficient and the initial elastic storage-capacity ratio. It can be found that with the increasing of the crack spacing, the channeling coefficient is increasing and the elastic storage-capacity ratio is decreasing. This may be due to the increasing spacing of the cracks, such that the contribution of the cracks to the porosity and permeability of a typical cell body is continuously decreasing, the flow of fluid in the matrix is increasingly dominant, such that the fluid is further strengthened by the exchange of cracks and in the matrix.
In summary, the invention takes the digital rock core as a research platform, calculates the porosity of the crack, the porosity of the matrix, the permeability of the crack and the permeability of the matrix on a microscopic scale, analyzes the flow mechanism between the crack and the matrix, simulates the seepage rule between the crack and the matrix, combines with macroscopic scale data, and further calculates the elastic storage-capacity ratio, the channeling coefficient and the like of the fractured oil reservoir.
(1) Different crack opening
Based on the fracture digital rock cores with different opening degrees, corresponding porosity and permeability are calculated through a digital rock core analysis method, and the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured oil reservoir under different fracture opening degrees are obtained.
(2) Different matrix types
Based on matrix digital cores of different types, corresponding porosity and permeability are calculated through a digital core analysis method, and the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured reservoirs under different matrix types are obtained.
(3) Different crack spacing
Based on typical unit bodies with different fracture pitches, corresponding porosity and permeability are calculated through a digital core analysis method, and the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio of the fractured oil reservoir under different fracture pitches are obtained.
According to the method for researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage capacity ratio, which is provided by the invention, a digital rock core is taken as a research platform, the fracture porosity, the matrix porosity, the fracture permeability and the matrix permeability are respectively calculated on a microscopic scale, the flow mechanism between the fracture and the matrix is analyzed, the seepage rule between the fracture and the matrix is simulated, and macroscopic scale data are combined, so that the elastic storage capacity ratio, the channeling coefficient and the like of the fracture-type oil reservoir are calculated; by operating the three-dimensional digital core model, relevant parameters of the three-dimensional digital core model are changed, so that influences of different parameters on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient are researched, the accuracy of experimental results is high, the microscopic change process of the core can be revealed, and data support can be provided for theoretical research on influence mechanisms of the channeling coefficient of a fractured oil reservoir and the elastic storage-capacity ratio.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for researching influence factors of a fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and an elastic storage-capacity ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Respectively acquiring three-dimensional gray level images of a dual-medium crack sample and a matrix sample of a research area by adopting a CT scanning method, and acquiring three-dimensional digital core models of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample based on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample;
According to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample in the research area, calculating the initial elastic storage capacity ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fracture oil reservoir in the research area;
Changing the crack opening degree of a three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees, and obtaining the influence of the crack opening degree on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack opening degrees;
Changing the matrix type of the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample to obtain the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, and obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types;
Constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances, taking the combined three-dimensional digital core models as new fracture three-dimensional digital core models, calculating corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area under different fracture distances, and obtaining the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratios and channeling coefficients of the fractured oil reservoirs in the research area under different fracture distances.
2. The method for researching factors of the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage ratio of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring three-dimensional gray scale images of a dual-medium fracture sample and a matrix sample of a research area by adopting a CT scanning method respectively, and acquiring three-dimensional digital core models of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample based on the three-dimensional gray scale images of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample specifically comprises the following steps:
Performing binary segmentation on the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample to obtain assignment of the three-dimensional gray level images of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample at each pixel point;
And according to the assignment of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample at each pixel point, obtaining a three-dimensional digital core model corresponding to the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample.
3. The method for researching the factors of the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage ratio of the fractured oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the initial elastic storage ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir of the research area according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual medium fracture sample and the matrix sample of the research area comprises the following steps:
Obtaining the total porosity of the dual-medium crack sample and the total porosity of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
Obtaining the permeability of the dual-medium crack sample and the permeability of the matrix sample according to the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium crack sample and the matrix sample in the research area;
And obtaining the compression coefficient, the shape factor and the oil well radius of the bedrock system of the research area, and obtaining the initial elastic storage capacity ratio and the initial channeling coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir of the research area through the porosity and the permeability of the dual-medium fracture sample and the matrix sample of the research area, the compression coefficient, the shape factor and the oil well radius of the bedrock system.
4. The method for studying fracture-reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage ratio influencing factors according to claim 3, wherein the total porosity is calculated based on a three-dimensional digital core model by the following formula:
where N is the number of voxels r in the digital core, Z (r) is the pore phase/fracture phase function, and (x, y, Z) is the coordinate point.
5. The method for researching factors of fracture-reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage ratio according to claim 3, wherein the permeability is calculated by using a lattice Boltzmann method.
6. The method for researching the factors influencing the channeling coefficient and the elastic storage ratio of a fractured oil reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the channeling coefficient is as follows:
Wherein α is a form factor; r w is the well radius; k m、kf is the permeability of the matrix sample and the dual dielectric fracture sample, respectively.
7. The method for researching the fracture-reservoir channeling coefficient and elastic storage-capacity ratio influence factor according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the fracture elastic storage-capacity ratio is:
Wherein c m、cf is the compression coefficient of the bedrock system and the fracture system respectively; Φ m、Φf is the porosity of the matrix sample and the dual media fracture sample, respectively.
8. The method for researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage-capacity ratio according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the fracture opening of the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample is changed to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in a research area under different fracture openings, and the influence of the fracture opening on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in the research area is obtained according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture openings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of performing corrosion operation on a three-dimensional digital core model of a dual-medium fracture sample by taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample as an image element and taking the number of neighbor voxels as a structural element;
Taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the dual-medium fracture sample as an image element, taking the number of the neighborhood voxels as a structural element, performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded dual-medium fracture sample, and constructing fracture three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture openings;
according to the crack three-dimensional digital core models with different opening degrees, obtaining the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil reservoir in the research area under different crack opening degrees;
And obtaining the influence of the fracture opening on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fracture oil deposit in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fracture oil deposit in the research area under different fracture openings.
9. The method for researching the influence factors of the fluid-channeling coefficient and the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the matrix type of the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample is changed to obtain the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient and the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir in a research area under different matrix types, and the influence of the matrix type on the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient and the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir in the research area is obtained according to the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient and the elastic fluid-channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir in the research area under different matrix types, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample is used as a picture element, the number of neighbor voxels is used as a structural element, and corrosion operation is carried out on the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample;
Taking the three-dimensional digital core model of the matrix sample as an image element, taking the number of the neighborhood voxels as a structural element, performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional digital core model of the corroded matrix sample, and constructing three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types;
according to the three-dimensional digital core models of different matrix types, obtaining the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the fractured reservoir of the research area under the different matrix types;
And obtaining the influence of the matrix type on the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area under different matrix types.
10. The method for researching the influence factors of the fracture-type oil reservoir channeling coefficient and the elastic storage-capacity ratio according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances are constructed, the combined three-dimensional digital core models are used as new fracture three-dimensional digital core models, the corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratio and channeling coefficient are calculated, so that the elastic storage-capacity ratio and channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in a research area under different fracture distances are obtained, and the influence of the fracture distances on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in the research area is obtained according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and channeling coefficient of the fracture-type oil reservoir in the research area under different fracture distances, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Inserting three-dimensional digital core models of different numbers of matrix samples, which are arranged side by side, between two three-dimensional digital core models of dual-medium fracture samples, and constructing a plurality of combined three-dimensional digital core models with different fracture distances;
calculating the corresponding elastic storage-capacity ratio and the corresponding channeling coefficient by taking the combined three-dimensional digital core model as a new crack three-dimensional digital core model so as to obtain the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the channeling coefficient of the crack type oil deposit in the research area under different crack distances;
And obtaining the influence of the fracture distance on the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area according to the elastic storage-capacity ratio and the cross flow coefficient of the fractured oil reservoir in the research area at different fracture distances.
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