CN117949342B - On-line measuring device for moisture content of under-forest withered matters - Google Patents
On-line measuring device for moisture content of under-forest withered matters Download PDFInfo
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- CN117949342B CN117949342B CN202410353605.2A CN202410353605A CN117949342B CN 117949342 B CN117949342 B CN 117949342B CN 202410353605 A CN202410353605 A CN 202410353605A CN 117949342 B CN117949342 B CN 117949342B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003309 forest litter Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100495270 Caenorhabditis elegans cdc-26 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloralodol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC(C)OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
- G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
- G01W1/04—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed giving only separate indications of the variables measured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
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Abstract
The invention provides an on-line measuring device for the water content of a falling object under a forest, wherein a bearing bracket and a fixed base are arranged symmetrically up and down, and the top of the bearing bracket is provided with a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; a protective cover is arranged outside the fixed base and the bearing bracket; a gap is reserved between the upper edge of the protective cover and the side edge of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; a weighing tray for placing the dead and falling objects is connected above the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover, a bottom water filtering hole is formed in the bottom of the weighing tray, and a dead and falling object temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the weighing tray; an upper baffle plate is arranged above the weighing tray, and a top water filtering hole is designed above the upper baffle plate; the upper and lower surfaces of the weight sensor are respectively provided with a heating gasket, and the upper and lower heating gaskets are respectively fixed on the fixed base and the bearing bracket through fastening screws; and the upright post is also provided with an on-line measurement transmission unit and a miniature weather station. The invention has low cost, high precision, simple and reliable structure, easy field installation of equipment and low subsequent maintenance cost, and can normally work under extremely cold and extremely cold conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides an on-line measuring device for the water content of a forest litter, and belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring.
Background
Forest fires are a phenomenon of forest fires caused by a source of fire due to the presence of combustible materials and combustion gases in the forest itself. Under certain conditions, forests ignite under the action of high temperature and oxygen and may develop fire spread. Combustible materials in forests include not only trees themselves, but also other surface plant materials in forests, such as moss, shrubs, litter, peat and other surface combustible materials, the quantity and distribution of which play a decisive role in the initiation, spread and severity of a fire. Particularly in forests, are the main combustibles causing fires. The water content of the air and the water content of the combustible matters are directly related to the occurrence probability of fire hazard, the fire spreading speed and the fire severity. The water content of combustible is generally expressed as absolute water content, and the water content of the combustible is calculated as a percentage of the weight of the combustible after the combustible is dried. When the water content of the combustible is more than 30%, the combustible is nonflammable and is difficult to spread even if being ignited; when the water content is 26-30%, the flame is difficult, but the continuous spreading can be maintained after the ignition; when the water content is 11% -25%, the fuel can be burnt; when the water content is less than 10%, the fire can be ignited within 20 seconds, and the fire spreading speed is high. Therefore, the real-time and accurate monitoring of the water content of the surface combustible is of great significance and value for forecasting and predicting the fire risk level. The traditional water content measuring method is a weighing method: sampling is carried out in a field forest manually, the samples are brought back to a laboratory in a sealing manner, fresh weight is firstly weighed, dry weight is then weighed after drying, and then the water content is calculated. However, the traditional weighing method needs to manually collect samples on site and then carry the samples back to a laboratory for drying and weighing, and the method takes a long time, cannot obtain the water content of combustible materials in real time, and cannot be used for timely forecasting forest fire. An improved method based on a traditional weighing method is disclosed by CN103487350A, a sampling knife, a sampling dustpan and a layering comb are used for sampling combustible materials, and then a lifting type weighing measuring device is used for detecting the water content of the combustible materials in real time. The method requires a complex mechanical braking device, is difficult to maintain outdoors, has poor reliability, and has the advantages that the lifting type weighing is greatly influenced by wind speed in the environment, and the measuring precision is influenced. CN106841563a discloses a method for measuring the moisture content of the dead drop by utilizing fusion of an infrared sensor and a weight sensor. The principle of the method for measuring the water content by the infrared sensor is as follows: the water has stronger absorption effect on infrared rays with specific wavelengths in the near infrared band, for example, the wavelengths of 1450nm and 1940nm, combustible materials with different water contents can absorb the infrared rays with specific wavelengths differently, the infrared rays with specific wavelengths are emitted to irradiate the dead objects, the intensity of the wave reflected or transmitted back by the irradiated objects is detected, and the water content is obtained by calculating the absorption of the infrared waves by the detected objects. However, the equipment used in the method is expensive, and is not suitable for large-scale popularization, and in addition, the infrared light-based measurement equipment needs to be calibrated regularly, so that the field operation is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of difficult detection of the real-time water content in the forest area, high cost and complex installation of the existing equipment, the invention designs the real-time water content measuring device with high reliability, high precision and low cost, so as to be applied to fire hazard forecasting scenes, and the equipment is convenient for field application and large-scale popularization.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
An on-line measuring device for the moisture content of a withered object under a forest comprises a fixed base, a bearing bracket and an upright post; the fixed base is fixed on the bottom of the upright post;
The bearing bracket and the fixed base are arranged up and down symmetrically, and the top of the bearing bracket is provided with a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; a protective cover is arranged outside the fixed base and the bearing bracket; a gap is reserved between the upper edge of the protective cover and the side edge of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; the upper part of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover is connected with a weighing tray for placing the dead drop through a supporting mechanism, the bottom of the weighing tray is provided with a bottom water filtering hole, and a dead drop temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the weighing tray; an upper baffle plate is arranged above the weighing tray, a top water filtering hole is arranged above the upper baffle plate, and the upper baffle plate is fixed on the upright post through a sleeve;
A weight sensor is arranged between the fixed base and the bearing bracket, heating gaskets are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the weight sensor, and the upper heating gasket and the lower heating gasket are respectively fixed on the fixed base and the bearing bracket through fastening screws;
The upright post is also provided with an on-line measurement transmission unit and a miniature weather station; the weight sensor, the falling object temperature and humidity sensor and the soil temperature and humidity sensor are respectively connected with the on-line measurement transmission unit; and the upright post is also provided with an outdoor power supply unit for supplying power to each power utilization component.
The supporting mechanism comprises a supporting rod, a round opening is formed in the upper end of the supporting rod and used for fixing the weighing tray, and the lower end of the supporting rod is welded to the middle section of four sides of a rectangular pyramid of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; the periphery of the lower part of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover is rectangular and enclosed and is used for being sleeved on the bearing bracket.
The four sides of the inner wall of the bearing tray are respectively provided with a graduated scale.
The upper part of the protective cover is provided with an upper opening, the upper opening is sleeved outside the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover, and a gap is reserved between the upper opening and the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; a plurality of protection casing fixed orifices are all around to the protection casing for install the protection casing on unable adjustment base, there is the arc opening below the protection casing, so that the rainwater flows, and the lower opening of protection casing below is the junction of installation unable adjustment base and stand.
The outdoor power supply unit comprises photovoltaic solar energy and wind energy input, a charging management unit and an energy storage battery.
The on-line measurement transmission unit also comprises a controller, an ADC, a heating control unit and a wireless communication unit; the ADC is an analog-to-digital converter and is used for acquiring a weight sensor signal; the heating control unit is connected with the heating gasket and used for controlling the temperature of the weight sensor according to the measured ambient temperature; the wireless communication unit is used for transmitting the acquired data to the back end for analysis and processing.
The invention has the technical effects that:
The invention designs a low-cost and high-precision real-time water content testing device, and improves the accuracy of system measurement by using various calibration and compensation methods;
the invention has simple and reliable structure, easy field installation of equipment and low subsequent maintenance cost;
the invention has good environmental adaptability and can normally work under extremely cold and extremely cold conditions.
Drawings
FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting bracket for a weight sensor and a fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a weight-sensor load-bearing bracket of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover and the support pole of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the weighing pallet of the present invention with a litter placed therein;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the top closure of the weighing pallet of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the structure of the protective cover of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a circuit of an on-line measurement and transmission unit for water content according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison of the test results of the water content online measurement device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the on-line measuring device for the water content of the under-forest litter comprises a fixed base 1, a bearing bracket 2 and an upright post 10; the fixed base 1 is fixed on the bottom of the upright post 10;
the bearing bracket 2 and the fixed base 1 are arranged up and down symmetrically, and a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 is arranged at the top of the bearing bracket 2; a protective cover 8 is arranged outside the fixed base 1 and the bearing bracket 2; a gap is reserved between the upper edge of the protective cover 8 and the side edge of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5; the upper part of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 is connected with a weighing tray 6 for placing the dead and falling objects through a supporting mechanism 15, a bottom water filtering hole 601 is formed in the bottom of the weighing tray 6, and a dead and falling object temperature and humidity sensor 9 is arranged in the weighing tray 6; an upper baffle plate 7 is arranged above the weighing tray 6, and the upper baffle plate 7 is fixed on the upright post 10 through a sleeve 17;
A weight sensor 3 is arranged between the fixed base 1 and the bearing bracket 2, heating gaskets 4 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the weight sensor 3, and the upper heating gasket 4 and the lower heating gasket 4 are respectively fixed on the fixed base 1 and the bearing bracket 2 through fastening screws 14;
the upright post 10 is also provided with an on-line measurement transmission unit 11 and a miniature weather station 16; the weight sensor 3, the falling object temperature and humidity sensor 9 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 13 are respectively connected with the on-line measurement transmission unit 11; the upright post 10 is also provided with an outdoor power supply unit 12 for supplying power to each power utilization component.
FIG. 2 shows a stationary base 1 having a plurality of base positioning mounting holes 101 for fixing a heating pad 4 and a weight sensor 3; for outdoor installation, four angles design has four fixed orifices 102, uses plug-in type dead lever 103 to fix unable adjustment base 1 subaerial, in order to make equipment firm be difficult for being pulled out by the manual work and destroy, plug-in type dead lever 103 length is greater than 50cm, and has the screw thread in order to increase friction force, perhaps uses expansion screw to fix. Considering that the uneven installation of the fixing base 1 affects the accuracy of weight measurement, the level gauge 104 is installed in the middle of two vertical frames of the fixing base 1 to ensure that the fixing base 1 is not inclined.
Fig. 3 shows a load bearing bracket 2 having a plurality of bracket positioning mounting holes 201 for securing a heater mat 4 and a weight sensor 3.
Fig. 4 shows a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 and a supporting mechanism 15, wherein the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 is convenient for falling into water to flow out quickly, the supporting mechanism 15 comprises a supporting rod 501, a circular opening 502 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting rod 501 and used for fixing a weighing tray 6, and the lower end of the supporting rod 501 is welded at a middle section position 503 of four sides of a rectangular pyramid of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5. Rectangular enclosure 504 is arranged around the lower part of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 so as to be sleeved on the bearing bracket 2.
Fig. 5 shows a weighing tray 6 for placing a falling object, wherein a bottom water filtering hole 601 and a tray fixing hole 602 are formed in the bottom of the weighing tray 6, the bottom water filtering hole 601 is used for allowing rainwater to naturally flow out during rainfall, and the tray fixing hole 602 is used for fixing the weighing tray 6 on a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 below. In order to obtain the thickness of the placed dead and falling objects in time, a graduation scale 603 is arranged on each of four side faces of the inner wall of the bearing tray 6, so that the dead and falling objects can be evenly spread on the bearing tray 6.
Fig. 6 shows an upper baffle 7 of the weighing tray 6, wherein the upper baffle 7 prevents new fallen leaves or other objects from falling into the weighing tray 6 to interfere with the weighing result, and a top water filtering hole 701 is arranged above the upper baffle 7, so that rainwater can splash onto the fallen matters in the weighing tray 6 during raining, and the fallen matters on the weighing tray 6 and the surrounding environment are as close as possible. The upper baffle 7 is fixed on the upright post 10 through the cylindrical sleeve 17, and can freely rotate along the sleeve 17 in the horizontal direction so as to place the dead and falling objects in the weighing tray 6, and a gap is reserved between the upper baffle 7 and the weighing tray 6, so that the weight of the dead and falling objects is not transferred to the weighing tray 6. Once the litter has been placed on the weighing tray 6, the upper baffle is secured to the upright 10 in the sleeve position using set screws.
Fig. 7 shows a protective cover 8, which prevents open-air stones or dead branches from blocking the bearing bracket 2, the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 or the weighing tray 6, so that the weighing precision is affected. The upper opening 801 is arranged above the protective cover 8, and when the protective cover 8 is installed, the protective cover 8 is sleeved above the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover 5 and the whole scale body, and then the weighing tray 6 is fixed on the four supporting mechanisms 15 of the waterproof cover 5. A plurality of shield fixing holes 802 are formed around the shield 8 for installing the shield 8 on the fixing base 1, and an arc opening 803 is formed below the shield 8 so that rainwater can flow out, and a larger lower opening 804 below the shield 8 is the joint for installing the fixing base 1 and the upright post 10.
Fig. 8 is a functional block diagram of a circuit of the on-line measurement transmission unit 11, which comprises an outdoor power supply unit 12, a mini-weather station 16, a controller, an ADC, a heating control unit, a wireless communication unit, a soil temperature and humidity sensor 13, a withered object temperature and humidity sensor 9, and the like. The outdoor power supply unit 12 comprises a photovoltaic solar energy input unit, a wind energy input unit, a charging management unit and an energy storage battery, wherein wind energy is helpful for providing reliable power supply after trees grow in a forest to shade sunlight, and real-time data transmission is guaranteed. The micro weather station 16 measurement elements include atmospheric temperature and humidity, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, evaporation, and the like. The ADC is an analog-to-digital converter and is used for acquiring the signals of the weight sensor 3. The heating control unit is connected with the heating pad 4, controls the temperature of the weight sensor 3 according to the measured ambient temperature, and outputs a heating control signal when the ambient temperature is too low so as to ensure that the sensor works in a normal temperature interval, thereby ensuring the accuracy of data measurement. The wireless communication unit is used for transmitting the collected data to the back end for analysis and processing, and the wireless communication can adopt the existing communication technology, such as a satellite communication network, a mobile communication network, LORA, WIFI and the like. The soil temperature and humidity sensor 13 is used to measure the temperature and humidity of the soil under the litter for calibration of initial parameters. The falling object temperature and humidity sensor 9 is placed at the bottom of the falling object on the weighing tray 6 and is used for measuring the temperature and humidity of the lower surface of the falling object so as to be used for calculating and calibrating the water content.
An online water content measuring step and a method:
S1, correctly installing an on-line measuring device for the water content of the under-forest litter in the field, powering up for initialization, and resetting the data of the weight sensor 3;
s2, uniformly spreading the surface combustible on a weighing tray 6, compacting, and recording the height of the spread dead objects Simultaneously taking part of the dried and fallen matters and placing the dried and fallen matters into a sealing bag, and measuring the initial water content by using a traditional drying method to obtain the water content of；
S3, recording the wet weight of the dry falling object of the weight sensor 3，Is thatWet weight of moment, time interval can be set in advance or modified from remote device according to need by using wireless communication; when (when)From the initial water contentThe dry weight of the withered objects on the weighing tray 6 is calculated to be；
S4, calculating the real-time water content of the dead and falling objects according to the following formula:
；
Wherein the method comprises the steps of For the thickness of the falling object to be dried,For the water content of the combustible material varying with the vertical height z,The lower boundary of the system is given by a withered object temperature and humidity sensor 9, the upper boundary is determined by an air temperature and humidity sensor in a miniature weather station 16, and a soil temperature and humidity sensor 13 is used for analyzing the deviation of the withered object temperature and humidity sensor 9 and the temperature and humidity of the peripheral soil surface layer; In order to obtain a mass density of the dry combustible, The real-time water content of the calculated dead and falling matters is calculated.
S5, data calibration: in generalAndThe exact expression of (c) is not directly available, but can be determined through training by using a numerical fitting or machine learning method through multiple experimental data.Based on the dry weight of the obtained dry fallFrom the following componentsError calculation and model fitting calibration are performed. Also, the process of the present invention is,Also according toRepeatedly updating and learning, and finally utilizing the learnedAndRecalculating the real-time water content of the dead and falling objects。
FIG. 9 shows the comparison of the water content measured by the online water content testing device of the invention at different temperatures (39.7 DEG, 29.8 DEG, 19.9 DEG and 11.4 DEG) and different air humidity (50% -90%) with the theoretical water content of the model, and the theoretical error is less than 1%, thereby showing the validity and accuracy of the measurement data of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The device for measuring the moisture content of the under-forest litter on line is characterized by comprising a fixed base (1), a bearing bracket (2) and an upright post (10); the fixed base (1) is fixed on the bottom of the upright post (10);
the bearing bracket (2) and the fixed base (1) are arranged symmetrically up and down, and a pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5) is arranged at the top of the bearing bracket (2); a protective cover (8) is arranged outside the fixed base (1) and the bearing bracket (2); a gap is reserved between the upper edge of the protective cover (8) and the side edge of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5); a weighing tray (6) for placing the dead and falling objects is connected above the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5) through a supporting mechanism (15), a bottom water filtering hole (601) is formed in the bottom of the weighing tray (6), and a dead and falling object temperature and humidity sensor (9) is arranged inside the weighing tray (6); an upper baffle plate (7) is arranged above the weighing tray (6), a top water filtering hole (701) is formed above the upper baffle plate (7), and the upper baffle plate (7) is fixed on the upright post (10) through a sleeve (17);
a weight sensor (3) is arranged between the fixed base (1) and the bearing bracket (2), heating gaskets (4) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the weight sensor (3), and the upper heating gasket and the lower heating gasket (4) are respectively fixed on the fixed base (1) and the bearing bracket (2) through fastening screws (14);
the upright post (10) is also provided with an on-line measurement transmission unit (11) and a miniature weather station (16); the weight sensor (3), the falling object temperature and humidity sensor (9) and the soil temperature and humidity sensor (13) are respectively connected with the online measurement transmission unit (11); the upright post (10) is also provided with an outdoor power supply unit (12) for supplying power to each power utilization component;
The supporting mechanism (15) comprises a supporting rod (501), a round opening (502) is formed in the upper end of the supporting rod (501) and used for fixing the weighing tray (6), and the lower end of the supporting rod (501) is welded to the middle section (503) of the four sides of the rectangular pyramid of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5); rectangular enclosing (504) is arranged around the lower part of the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5) and is used for being sleeved on the bearing bracket (2);
an online water content measuring step and a method:
S1, correctly installing an on-line measuring device for the water content of the under-forest litter in the field, powering up for initialization, and resetting data of a weight sensor (3);
s2, uniformly spreading the surface combustible on a weighing tray (6) and compacting, and recording the height of the spread dead objects Simultaneously taking part of the dried and fallen matters and placing the dried and fallen matters into a sealing bag, and measuring the initial water content by using a traditional drying method to obtain the water content of；
S3, recording the wet weight of the dead and falling objects of the weight sensor (3)，Is thatWet weight of moment, time interval setting or modification from remote device using wireless communication as required; when (when)From the initial water contentCalculating to obtain the dry weight of the withered matters on the weighing tray (6) as follows；
S4, calculating the real-time water content of the dead and falling objects according to the following formula:
，
Wherein the method comprises the steps of For the thickness of the falling object to be dried,For the water content of the combustible material varying with the vertical height z,The lower boundary of the system is given by a withered object temperature and humidity sensor (9), the upper boundary is determined by an air temperature and humidity sensor in a miniature weather station (16), and a soil temperature and humidity sensor (13) is used for analyzing the deviation of the withered object temperature and humidity sensor (9) and the temperature and humidity of the peripheral soil surface layer; In order to obtain a mass density of the dry combustible, Real-time water content of the calculated dead and falling matters;
s5, data calibration: in general AndTraining and determining by using a numerical fitting or machine learning method through multiple experimental data; based on the dry weight of the obtained dry fall From the following componentsPerforming error calculation and model fitting calibration; also, the process of the present invention is,Also according toRepeatedly updating and learning, and finally utilizing the learnedAndRecalculating the real-time water content of the dead and falling objects。
2. The on-line measuring device for the moisture content of the under-forest litter according to claim 1, wherein a graduation scale (603) is arranged on each of four side surfaces of the inner wall of the weighing tray (6).
3. The on-line measuring device for the moisture content of the under-forest litter according to claim 1, wherein an upper opening (801) is arranged above the protective cover (8), the upper opening (801) is sleeved outside the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover (5), and a gap is reserved between the upper opening and the pyramid-shaped waterproof cover; a plurality of protection casing fixed orifices (802) are all around in protection casing (8) for install protection casing (8) on unable adjustment base (1), there is arc opening (803) below protection casing (8) to the rainwater flows, and lower opening (804) below protection casing (8) are the junction of installation unable adjustment base (1) and stand (10).
4. The on-line measuring device for the moisture content of the under-forest litter according to claim 1, wherein the outdoor power supply unit (12) comprises a photovoltaic solar energy and wind energy input unit, a charging management unit and an energy storage battery.
5. The on-line measuring device for the moisture content of the under-forest litter according to claim 1, wherein the on-line measuring and transmitting unit (11) further comprises a controller, an ADC, a heating control unit and a wireless communication unit; the ADC is an analog-to-digital converter and is used for acquiring signals of the weight sensor (3); the heating control unit is connected with the heating gasket (4) and controls the temperature of the weight sensor (3) according to the measured ambient temperature; the wireless communication unit is used for transmitting the acquired data to the back end for analysis and processing.
Priority Applications (1)
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