CN117943559A - Hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on combined substrate - Google Patents
Hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on combined substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN117943559A CN117943559A CN202410347807.6A CN202410347807A CN117943559A CN 117943559 A CN117943559 A CN 117943559A CN 202410347807 A CN202410347807 A CN 202410347807A CN 117943559 A CN117943559 A CN 117943559A
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- adjustable blade
- hollow adjustable
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on a combined substrate, which specifically comprises the steps of establishing a hollow adjustable blade model, and adding machining allowance to obtain a hollow adjustable blade blank model; preprocessing to form a printing model; arranging a printing model on a processing platform at a position corresponding to a reference block in the combined substrate; inputting the printing scheme into laser selective melting equipment, selecting parameters matched with materials to be processed, and finishing blank forming by using a combined substrate; separating the reference block and the base of the combined substrate, carrying out powder cleaning, heat treatment and support removal on the reference block and the blank on the reference block, and polishing the blank; rough machining is carried out on the blank by taking the reference block as a reference, machining allowance is removed, and a reference surface is machined on the blank; separating the reference block from the blank, and carrying out subsequent finish machining, surface treatment and detection on the blank. The invention can improve the dimensional accuracy of parts, reduce manufacturing procedures, reduce manufacturing period and improve the quality of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on a combined substrate.
Background
The compressor is one of important units of the aero-engine, and has the function of sucking air, compressing the air step by step through the compressor blades rotating at a high speed, and improving the air pressure. The adjustable blades positioned on the air inlet casing can enable the air compressor to obtain better pneumatic efficiency under various flow rates by changing the working angle, and the air inlet casing is relatively simple in implementation mode and is widely applied to aeroengines.
In order to further reduce the weight of the engine, the original solid structure of the adjustable blade is replaced by a hollow structure, and the manufacturing difficulty of the traditional process method is high due to the fact that a shape cavity exists in parts.
The basic principle of the laser selective melting forming technology is that firstly, a CAD model of a part is layered and sliced, a laser beam is used as a heat source, a vibrating mirror is controlled by a computer to scan a pre-laid metal powder layer along a set track, so that the powder is melted and solidified into a metal thin layer which has the same thickness as the slice and a certain cross section of the part, and the process is repeated until a solid part blank is manufactured. The laser selective melting forming technology has the characteristics of high manufacturing precision, good forming quality, small machining allowance and the like, and is particularly suitable for complex structural parts such as hollow adjustable blades and the like which cannot be processed by adopting the traditional method. However, because the dimension precision of the laser selective melting adjustable blade blank is about 0.1mm, and the surface is manually polished and sandblasted, the forming dimension precision of the datum plane set in the blank design process is poor, the blade full-dimension scanning and the repeated processing of the datum plane are required to be carried out for many times in the subsequent machining process, and further the manufacturing procedures are multiple, the period is long, and even the dimension is out of tolerance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on a combined substrate, which adopts the combined substrate comprising a reference block, takes the surface of the reference block as the substrate surface to carry out adjustable blade blank laser selective melting forming, carries out powder cleaning, heat treatment and support removal on the adjustable blade blank and the reference block together after the forming is finished, takes the reference block as a reference to remove partial allowance and processes a finish machining reference surface, and then removes the reference block for subsequent processing. The method can solve the problem of poor reference forming precision of the hollow adjustable blade in additive manufacturing, can remarkably improve the processing efficiency and reduces the manufacturing cost.
A hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on a combined substrate specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: establishing a hollow adjustable blade model by using computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a hollow adjustable blade blank model;
Step two: preprocessing a hollow adjustable blade blank model by using computer three-dimensional model processing software, wherein the preprocessing comprises setting a placement mode, adding a support, slicing in layers, obtaining a processing path of each slice, and forming a printing model;
The placing mode in the step is that when the blank is formed, the included angle between the normal line of the outer surface of the blade body and the normal line of the upper surface of the combined substrate is not more than 135 degrees;
The added support in the step should fall on the upper surface of the reference block of the combined substrate entirely, and avoid the interference of clamping the reference block and positioning the subsequent machining;
step three: setting the substrate size parameter of a processing platform in the three-dimensional model processing software of the computer as the size parameter of the combined substrate, and arranging a printing model at a position corresponding to a reference block in the combined substrate to form a printing scheme;
Step four: inputting the printing scheme into laser selective melting equipment, selecting parameters matched with materials to be processed, and finishing blank forming by using a combined substrate;
step five: after the blank is formed, separating a reference block and a base of the combined substrate, carrying out powder cleaning, heat treatment and support removal on the reference block and the blank on the reference block, and polishing the blank;
Step six: rough machining is carried out on the blank by taking the reference block as a reference, the finish machining allowance is reserved, and a reference surface is machined on the blank;
Step seven: separating the reference block from the blank, carrying out subsequent finish machining, surface treatment and detection on the blank to obtain a hollow adjustable blade finished product, connecting the separated reference block with the base again, and trimming the upper surface of the combined substrate for the next use until the manufacturing requirement cannot be met.
In the first step, 0.2mm-1mm machining allowance is added to the blade body, and 1mm-2mm machining allowance is respectively added to the big end journal and the small end journal of the blade; powder cleaning holes with the diameter of 1.5mm-3mm are respectively added on the upper surface and the lower surface of the blade, and positioning blocks are respectively added at the large end and the small end of the blade body.
The hollow adjustable blade blank model is arranged vertically in the second step; adding a solid support and a grid support on the lower surface of the blank model; the thickness of the layered slice is 0.04mm-0.08mm, namely, each layer is formed, and the thickness of the re-laid powder layer is 0.04mm-0.08mm; the laser scanning mode in the single layer is strip scanning, the direction of the (n+1) th layer strip rotates 67 degrees with the direction of the (n) th layer strip, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
And the finishing allowance in the step six is 0.05mm-0.2mm.
The combined substrate is used as an additive manufacturing forming substrate and is connected with processing equipment, the combined substrate comprises a reference block and a base, a plurality of reference block groove positions are formed in the base, reference block fastening threaded holes are formed in the bottoms of the reference block groove positions, the reference block is fixed in the reference block groove positions, and the upper surface of the reference block and the upper surface of the base are located in the same horizontal plane and fastened.
The size of the combined substrate is consistent with the requirement of the processing platform of the laser selective melting equipment on the size of the substrate.
The reference block is made of a hollow adjustable blade material or a metal material with the thermal expansion coefficient not more than +/-5% of that of the hollow adjustable blade material.
The base material is selected from a reference block material or a metal material with the thermal expansion coefficient not more than +/-5% of that of the reference block material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the combined substrate is used, and the surface on the reference block of the combined substrate is used as the reference to finish the machining of the finish machining reference surface of the adjustable blade blank, so that the accurate positioning of the machining reference in the machining process is realized. The reference block provides a rough machining reference surface, effectively solves the problem of insufficient precision of the reference surface caused by the precision of the laser selective melting process or the subsequent manual polishing, and avoids the problem that the laser selective melting manufacturing adjustable blade blank needs to scan the full size of the blade for many times and repeatedly machine the reference surface during machining. The method solves the problem of difficult transmission of the machining standard of the adjustable blade in additive manufacturing, remarkably improves the machining efficiency, reduces the manufacturing cost, improves the dimensional accuracy of parts, reduces the manufacturing procedures and the manufacturing period, and achieves the purposes of improving quality, reducing cost, enhancing efficiency and improving the quality of products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a hollow adjustable vane additive manufacturing scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Wherein,
The novel high-speed blade comprises a 1-small end journal, a 2-large end journal, a 3-blade cavity, a 4-blade, a 5-small end positioning block, a 6-large end positioning block, a 7-small end powder cleaning hole, an 8-large end powder cleaning hole, a 9-reference block and a 10-reference block fastening countersunk hole.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a susceptor in a composite substrate used in the present invention;
Wherein,
11-Reference block slot positions, 12-reference block fastening threaded holes and 13-combined substrate fastening counter bores.
Detailed Description
For better explanation of the present invention, for easy understanding, the technical solution and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, taking a certain air inlet casing titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade as an example, the wall thickness of a blade body cavity 3 of the adjustable blade is 1.5mm, the overall height is 400mm, and the blade body 4 of the adjustable blade is a space curved surface, so that the requirement on dimensional precision is high, and the requirement on precision of a reference surface is high during mechanical processing. The hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on the combined substrate is adopted for processing and specifically comprises the following steps.
Step one: and establishing a three-dimensional model of the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software UG. In order to improve the rigidity of the blade and reduce the deformation, 0.7mm machining allowance is added to the blade body 4 of the blade, 2mm machining allowance is respectively added to the small end journal 1 and the large end journal 2 of the blade, powder cleaning holes with the diameter of 3mm are respectively added to the upper surface and the lower surface of the blade, and the large end powder cleaning holes 8 and the small end powder cleaning holes 7 are shown in figure 1; the large end and the small end of the blade body are respectively added with a positioning block, the large end positioning block 6 and the small end positioning block 5 are shown in fig. 1, the added supports in the step should fall on the upper surface of the reference block 9 of the combined substrate, and interference between the reference block 9 and the positioning is avoided for subsequent machining clamps, so that the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank model is obtained.
Step two: performing printing pretreatment on the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank model by using three-dimensional mould processing software Magics to obtain a titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade printing model:
setting a placement mode as vertical placement, and ensuring that the included angle between the normal of the outer surface of the blade body 4 and the normal of the upper surface of the combined substrate is not more than 135 degrees;
Adding a solid support and a grid support on the lower surface of the blank model;
slicing the layers and planning a laser scanning path. Wherein the thickness of the cut sheet is 0.04mm, i.e. the thickness of the re-laid powder layer is 0.04mm per formed layer. The laser scanning mode in the single layer is strip scanning, the (n+1) th layer strip direction rotates 67 degrees with the (n) th layer strip direction, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; and obtaining the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade printing model.
Step three: the substrate size parameter of the three-dimensional module processing software Magics processing platform is set as the size parameter of the combined substrate, and a titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade printing model is arranged at a position corresponding to the reference block 9 in the combined substrate.
The combined substrate is used as an additive manufacturing forming substrate and is connected with laser selective melting equipment, and comprises a reference block 9 and a base, wherein the base is shown in fig. 2, and four corners of the base are provided with combined substrate fastening counter sunk holes 13 for being connected with the laser selective melting equipment; a plurality of reference block groove positions 11 are formed in the base, reference block fastening threaded holes 12 are formed in the bottoms of the reference block groove positions 11, reference blocks 9 are fixed in the reference block groove positions 11, reference block fastening counter sunk holes 10 corresponding to the reference block fastening threaded holes 12 are formed in the reference blocks 9, and the upper surfaces of the reference blocks 9 and the upper surface of the base are located in the same horizontal plane and fastened.
The size of the combined substrate is consistent with the requirement of the processing platform of the laser selective melting equipment on the size of the substrate.
The material of the reference block 9 is a hollow adjustable blade material or a metal material with the thermal expansion coefficient not more than +/-5% of that of the hollow adjustable blade material, and the hollow adjustable blade material is selected in the embodiment.
The base material is selected from the material of the reference block 9 or the metal material which has a thermal expansion coefficient which is not more than + -5% of that of the reference block 9, and the material of the reference block 9 is selected first.
Step four: inputting the printing scheme into a laser selective melting device, selecting a titanium alloy technological parameter package, and using a combined substrate to finish forming the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank.
Step five: separating the reference block 9 from the base in the combined substrate, cleaning powder, heat treating, removing support from the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank with the reference block 9, and manually polishing after the arc wire filling welding to seal the powder cleaning hole.
Step six: the method comprises the steps of using a tooling fixture to hold a titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank, using the surface of a reference block 9 as a reference surface, carrying out rough machining on the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank, reserving 0.2mm finish machining allowance, and machining a large end positioning block 6 and a small end positioning block 5 of a blade body to a design specified size to serve as a subsequent finish machining reference surface.
Step seven: and (3) separating the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank from the reference block 9 by linear cutting, using a tooling fixture to hold the large end positioning block 6 of the blade body and the small end positioning block 5 of the blade body, positioning the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank, finishing the titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade blank to a final size, removing the large end positioning block 6 and the small end positioning block 5 by linear cutting, and carrying out subsequent surface treatment and detection to obtain a titanium alloy hollow adjustable blade part finished product.
After the reference block 9 separated from the blank is recombined with the base to form a combined substrate, the upper surface of the reference block 9 is trimmed by milling or grinding and other methods for forming the next part blank until the combined substrate does not meet the forming requirement.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, in the first step, 0.2mm machining allowance is added to the blade body 4 of the blade, 1mm machining allowance is added to the small end journal 1 and the large end journal 2 of the blade, and powder cleaning holes with diameters of 1.5mm are added to the upper surface and the lower surface of the blade; in the second step, the thickness of the layered slice is 0.08mm, namely, the thickness of the re-paved powder layer is 0.08mm after each layer is formed; and in the sixth step, 0.05mm finishing allowance is reserved. The remaining settings and method steps are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, in the first step, a machining allowance of 1mm is added to the blade body 4 of the blade, machining allowances of 1.5mm are respectively added to the small end journal 1 and the large end journal 2 of the blade, and powder cleaning holes with diameters of 2mm are respectively added to the upper surface and the lower surface of the blade; in the second step, the thickness of the layered slice is 0.06mm, namely, the thickness of the re-paved powder layer is 0.06mm after each layer is formed; and in the sixth step, 0.1mm finishing allowance is reserved. The remaining settings and method steps are the same as in example 1.
Claims (8)
1. The hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on the combined substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one: establishing a hollow adjustable blade model by using computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a hollow adjustable blade blank model;
Step two: preprocessing a hollow adjustable blade blank model by using computer three-dimensional model processing software, wherein the preprocessing comprises setting a placement mode, adding a support, slicing in layers, obtaining a processing path of each slice, and forming a printing model;
The placing mode in the step is that when the blank is formed, the included angle between the normal line of the outer surface of the blade body and the normal line of the upper surface of the combined substrate is not more than 135 degrees;
The added support in the step should fall on the upper surface of the reference block of the combined substrate entirely, and avoid the interference of clamping the reference block and positioning the subsequent machining;
step three: setting the substrate size parameter of a processing platform in the three-dimensional model processing software of the computer as the size parameter of the combined substrate, and arranging a printing model at a position corresponding to a reference block in the combined substrate to form a printing scheme;
Step four: inputting the printing scheme into laser selective melting equipment, selecting parameters matched with materials to be processed, and finishing blank forming by using a combined substrate;
step five: after the blank is formed, separating a reference block and a base of the combined substrate, carrying out powder cleaning, heat treatment and support removal on the reference block and the blank on the reference block, and polishing the blank;
Step six: rough machining is carried out on the blank by taking the reference block as a reference, the finish machining allowance is reserved, and a reference surface is machined on the blank;
Step seven: separating the reference block from the blank, carrying out subsequent finish machining, surface treatment and detection on the blank to obtain a hollow adjustable blade finished product, connecting the separated reference block with the base again, and trimming the upper surface of the combined substrate for the next use until the manufacturing requirement cannot be met.
2. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the first step, 0.2mm-1mm machining allowance is added to the blade body, and 1mm-2mm machining allowance is respectively added to the big end journal and the small end journal of the blade; powder cleaning holes with the diameter of 1.5mm-3mm are respectively added on the upper surface and the lower surface of the blade, and positioning blocks are respectively added at the large end and the small end of the blade body.
3. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the hollow adjustable blade blank model is arranged vertically in the second step; adding a solid support and a grid support on the lower surface of the blank model; the thickness of the layered slice is 0.04mm-0.08mm, namely, each layer is formed, and the thickness of the re-laid powder layer is 0.04mm-0.08mm; the laser scanning mode in the single layer is strip scanning, the direction of the (n+1) th layer strip rotates 67 degrees with the direction of the (n) th layer strip, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
4. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: and the finishing allowance in the step six is 0.05mm-0.2mm.
5. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the combined substrate is used as an additive manufacturing forming substrate and is connected with processing equipment, the combined substrate comprises a reference block and a base, a plurality of reference block groove positions are formed in the base, reference block fastening threaded holes are formed in the bottoms of the reference block groove positions, the reference block is fixed in the reference block groove positions, and the upper surface of the reference block and the upper surface of the base are located in the same horizontal plane and fastened.
6. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate, as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the size of the combined substrate is consistent with the requirement of the processing platform of the laser selective melting equipment on the size of the substrate.
7. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate, as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the reference block is made of a hollow adjustable blade material or a metal material with the thermal expansion coefficient not more than +/-5% of that of the hollow adjustable blade material.
8. The method for manufacturing the hollow adjustable blade additive based on the combined substrate, as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the base material is selected from a reference block material or a metal material with the thermal expansion coefficient not more than +/-5% of that of the reference block material.
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| CN202410347807.6A CN117943559A (en) | 2024-03-26 | 2024-03-26 | Hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on combined substrate |
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| CN202410347807.6A CN117943559A (en) | 2024-03-26 | 2024-03-26 | Hollow adjustable blade additive manufacturing method based on combined substrate |
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