CN117937398A - Electromagnetic repulsion force driving direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment integrating smoothing reactor and circuit breaker - Google Patents
Electromagnetic repulsion force driving direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment integrating smoothing reactor and circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment integrated with a smoothing reactor and a circuit breaker, which comprises a compact electromagnetic repulsion switch, a current transfer branch, an energy absorption branch, a wire inlet end and a wire outlet end; the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch adopts an integrated structure, the outside is a hollow smoothing reactor, and other structures are positioned in the smoothing reactor; the current transfer branch comprises a forced zero crossing type power electronic type; the energy absorption branch consists of a single or a plurality of piezoresistors or lightning arresters which are connected in series and parallel. The invention has the functions of current limiting and switching-on and switching-off, and can automatically break the extremely large short-circuit fault. When a short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current drives the electromagnetic repulsion tray to act on-off, so that the system control time and the fault clearing time are obviously reduced. And the internal space of the smoothing reactor is fully utilized, so that the occupied area of electrical equipment in the direct current system is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current switching appliances, in particular to electromagnetic repulsion force-driven direct current switching equipment integrating a smoothing reactor and a circuit breaker.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of new energy power generation and grid-connected technology, the demand of a direct current power system is greatly increased, and the flexible direct current system becomes a current research hot spot due to the advantages of flexible structure, small output harmonic wave, high controllability and the like.
Short-circuit fault protection of a flexible direct current system is a difficult problem which must be solved at present, on one hand, a large number of power electronic devices are used in the flexible direct current system, and the flexible direct current system has the characteristics of low impedance and low inertia, so that once a short-circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit current rises fast and has a high peak value; on the other hand, the equipment in the flexible direct current system has poor capability of tolerating short-circuit current, and once the short-circuit current cannot be cut off in a short time, the stable operation of the flexible direct current system can be threatened.
Therefore, after the flexible direct current system has a short circuit fault, how to limit the development of the short circuit current and rapidly and effectively break the short circuit fault becomes a difficult problem for restricting the development of the flexible direct current system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current breaking equipment with integrated smoothing reactor and breaker, which has the functions of current limiting and breaking and can automatically break a great short-circuit fault. When a short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current drives the electromagnetic repulsion tray to act on-off, so that the control time and the fault clearing time of the flexible direct current system are obviously reduced. And the internal space of the smoothing reactor is utilized to further reduce the occupied area of electrical equipment in the flexible direct current system, and the control action of the longitudinal magnetic field generated by the smoothing reactor on the electric arc is utilized to improve the breaking capacity.
The invention solves the problems by the following technical means:
A smoothing reactor and breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current switching-on and switching-off device comprises a compact electromagnetic repulsion switch, a current transfer branch, an energy absorption branch, a wire inlet end A1 and a wire outlet end A2;
Two ends of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch are respectively connected with the wire inlet end A1 and the wire outlet end A2; the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch comprises a smoothing reactor L1, a switching-off coil L2, a discharging capacitor C1, a discharging switch K1 and a mechanical fracture K2, wherein the smoothing reactor L1 and the mechanical fracture K2 are connected in series, one end of the smoothing reactor L1 is connected with a wire inlet end A1, the other end is connected with the mechanical fracture K2, and the other end of the mechanical fracture K2 is connected with a wire outlet end A2; the discharging capacitor C1, the discharging switch K1 and the switching-off coil L2 are sequentially connected in series to form an active control loop; the smoothing reactor L1 or the switching-off coil L2 controls the mechanical fracture K2 to switch off by driving the electromagnetic repulsion disc D;
The current transfer branch, the energy absorption branch and the mechanical fracture K2 are connected in parallel; the current transfer branch circuit comprises a forced zero crossing type power electronic type; the forced zero crossing type oscillator comprises an oscillating capacitor C2, an oscillating inductor L3 and an oscillating switch K3 which are sequentially connected in series; the power electronics consists of a plurality of fully-controlled power electronic devices which are connected in series;
the energy absorption branch consists of a single or a plurality of piezoresistors or lightning arresters B which are connected in series and parallel.
The compact electromagnetic repulsion switch adopts an integrated structure, the outside of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is a smoothing reactor L1 with a hollow cavity, a mechanical fracture K2, a switching-off coil L2, a discharge switch K1 and a discharge capacitor C1 are all positioned in the hollow cavity of the smoothing reactor L1, and an electromagnetic repulsion disc D is positioned in the smoothing reactor L1 or at the outer end of the smoothing reactor L1; the static contact F1 and the moving contact F2 of the mechanical fracture K2 are wrapped in the arc extinguishing chamber F3, the lower end of the moving contact F2 is connected with the electromagnetic repulsion disc D through an insulating pull rod, and the brake separating coil L2 is positioned at one end of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D and is connected with the discharge capacitor C1 and the discharge switch K1 in series to form a loop; the switching-off coil L2 has two wiring modes of a main loop through flow and a non-main loop through flow, and is respectively connected with the lower end of the arc extinguishing chamber F3 and the inner side of the smoothing reactor L1 through a lead M when the switching-off coil L2 is connected into the main loop through flow in a series manner; when the switching-off coil L2 is not connected into the main loop through flow in series, the inner side of the smoothing reactor L1 is connected with the lower end of the arc extinguishing chamber F3 through a lead M; the wire inlet end A1 of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is positioned at the outer side of the smoothing reactor L1, and the wire outlet end A2 is positioned at the upper end of the fixed contact F1 or the movable contact F2.
The compact electromagnetic repulsion switch has three brake-separating action modes:
Mode one: actively controlling the opening action: when the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch needs to be operated, a discharging switch K1 is closed by sending a control signal, a pre-charged discharging capacitor C1 discharges, discharging current flows through a brake separating coil L2, and the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is driven to operate by generating Lorentz force on the electromagnetic repulsion disc D so as to repel a mechanical fracture K2 to perform brake separating operation;
Mode two: the smoothing reactor drives automatic brake-separating action: the breaking coil L2 is not connected in series with the main loop through flow, when serious short circuit fault occurs, short circuit current flows through the smoothing reactor L1, the generated Lorentz force reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D, the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture K2 is repelled to perform breaking action;
Mode three: the brake-separating coil drives automatic brake-separating action: when serious short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current flows through the smoothing reactor L1 and then flows through the switching-off coil L2, the generated Lorentz force reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D, the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture K2 is repelled to perform switching-off action.
The electromagnetic repulsion force of the integral smoothing reactor and the breaker drives direct current breaking equipment, under the normal through-flow state, the mechanical fracture K2 is closed, the oscillation switch K3 is opened, the electric power system current protected by the equipment flows in from the wire inlet end A1, flows through the smoothing reactor L1 and the mechanical fracture K2 in sequence, and flows out from the wire outlet end A2;
When the power system breaks down, the short-circuit current of the system is limited by the Jing Pingbo reactor L1, then the mechanical fracture K2 is disconnected under the drive of electromagnetic repulsion, the short-circuit current is transferred to the current transfer branch, the short-circuit current is disconnected through the action of the current transfer branch, and then the residual energy is discharged through the action of the lightning arrester, so that the disconnection is completed.
The mechanical fracture K2 includes a vacuum fracture and a gas fracture.
The discharging switch K1 and the oscillating switch K3 adopt one of a mechanical switch, a thyristor and an IGBT.
The fully-controlled power electronic device is an IGBT or an IGCT and an anti-parallel diode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. When the short-circuit current reaches the automatic action threshold value of the electromagnetic repulsion disc, the short-circuit current drives the breaker to automatically act, thereby saving the control time of the system and being capable of responding to the short-circuit fault more rapidly
2. The protected power system can also be switched on and off through the active control branch control device, and the short-circuit current driving action and the active control action are combined, so that the requirement of the system for full-current range protection is met.
3. The inherent functions of the smoothing reactor in the direct current system are played, the space inside the hollow smoothing reactor is fully utilized, the original connection mode of the smoothing reactor and the circuit breaker is changed, the integration of the smoothing reactor and the direct current circuit breaker is realized, and the occupied area of electrical equipment in the direct current system is further reduced.
4. The Lorentz force generated by the opening coil changes along with the magnitude of the short-circuit current, the larger the short-circuit fault current of the system is, the faster the rising speed is, the larger the Lorentz force of the opening coil to the electromagnetic repulsion disc is, the faster the action speed of the mechanical fracture is, and the circuit breaker can break the short-circuit current more quickly.
5. The longitudinal magnetic field generated by the smoothing reactor has a control effect on the arc in the arc extinguishing chamber, is beneficial to the diffusion of electrons in the arc, reduces the ablation of the arc on the contact, effectively reduces the concentration density of electrons in the arc, accelerates the extinction of the arc, improves the recovery strength of a medium, and further improves the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a smoothing reactor and breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current breaking device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c) are schematic diagrams of an active control switching operation mode, a smoothing reactor driving automatic switching operation mode and a switching coil driving automatic switching operation mode of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch of the present invention, respectively.
Fig. 5 (a) to 5 (d) are schematic diagrams of the switching-on and switching-off process of the electromagnetic repulsion force-driven dc switching-off device integrated with the smoothing reactor and the circuit breaker according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a smoothing reactor and breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driving dc breaking device when a current transfer branch is an electric electronic type.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current switching-off device integrated with a smoothing reactor and a circuit breaker comprises a compact electromagnetic repulsion switch, a current transfer branch, an energy absorption branch, an incoming line end A1 and an outgoing line end A2;
Two ends of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch are respectively connected with the wire inlet end A1 and the wire outlet end A2; the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch comprises a smoothing reactor L1, a switching-off coil L2, a discharging capacitor C1, a discharging switch K1 and a mechanical fracture K2, wherein the smoothing reactor L1 and the mechanical fracture K2 are connected in series, one end of the smoothing reactor L1 is connected with a wire inlet end A1, the other end is connected with the mechanical fracture K2, and the other end of the mechanical fracture K2 is connected with a wire outlet end A2; the discharging capacitor C1, the discharging switch K1 and the switching-off coil L2 are mutually connected in series to form an active control loop; the smoothing reactor L1 or the switching-off coil L2 controls the mechanical fracture K2 to switch off by driving the electromagnetic repulsion disc D;
The current transfer branch, the energy absorption branch and the mechanical fracture K2 are connected in parallel; the current transfer branch circuit comprises an oscillation capacitor C2, an oscillation inductor L3 and an oscillation switch K3 which are connected in series; the energy absorption branch consists of a single or a plurality of lightning arresters B connected in series and parallel.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch of the present invention, the switch adopts an integrated structure, the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is located at the outer end of the smoothing reactor L1, and the mechanical fracture K2, the switching-off coil L2, the discharge switch K1 and the discharge capacitor C1 are all located inside the hollow cavity of the smoothing reactor L1; ; the static contact F1 and the moving contact F2 of the mechanical fracture K2 are wrapped in the arc extinguishing chamber F3, the lower end of the moving contact F2 is connected with the electromagnetic repulsion disc D through an insulating pull rod, and the brake separating coil is not connected into a main loop through flow in series, is positioned at one end of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D and is connected with the discharge capacitor C1 and the discharge switch K1 in series to form a loop; the inner side of the smoothing reactor L1 is connected with the lower end of the arc extinguish chamber F3 through a lead M; the wire inlet end A1 of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is positioned at the outer side of the smoothing reactor L1, and the wire outlet end A2 is positioned at the upper end of the fixed contact F1 or the movable contact F2. In the present embodiment, smoothing reactor L1 has both the functions of fault current limiting and driving electromagnetic repulsion tray D to perform the opening operation.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch of the present invention, a smoothing reactor L1 with a hollow cavity is arranged outside, and a mechanical break K2, a brake-separating coil L2, a discharge switch K1, a discharge capacitor C1 and an electromagnetic repulsion disc D are all located inside the hollow cavity of the smoothing reactor L1; the static contact F1 and the moving contact F2 of the mechanical fracture K2 are wrapped in the arc extinguish chamber F3, the lower end of the moving contact F2 is connected with the electromagnetic repulsion disc D through an insulating pull rod, the switching-off coil L2 is connected into the main loop through flow in series, is positioned at one end of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D, is respectively connected with the lower end of the arc extinguish chamber F3 and the inner side of the smoothing reactor L1 through a wire, and is connected with the discharge capacitor C1 and the discharge switch K1 which are connected in series to form a loop; the wire inlet end A1 of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is positioned at the outer side of the smoothing reactor L1, and the wire outlet end A2 is positioned at the upper end of the fixed contact or the movable contact. In the present embodiment, smoothing reactor L1 has only a fault current limiting function.
The compact electromagnetic repulsion switch has three brake-separating action modes:
Mode one: actively controlling the opening action. As shown in fig. 4a, when the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch needs to be operated, the discharging switch K1 is closed by sending a control signal, the pre-charged discharging capacitor C1 is discharged, the discharging current flows through the switching-off coil L2, and the lorentz force D is generated on the electromagnetic repulsion disc to drive the electromagnetic repulsion disc D to operate, so that the mechanical fracture K2 is repelled, and the switching-off operation is performed;
Mode two: the smoothing reactor drives the automatic switching-off action. As shown in fig. 4b, the opening coil L2 is not connected in series with the main loop, when a serious short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current flows through the smoothing reactor L1, the lorentz force generated reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D, the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture K2 is repelled to perform the opening action;
Mode three: the brake-separating coil drives the automatic brake-separating action. As shown in fig. 4c, the opening coil L2 is connected in series to the main loop, when a serious short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current flows through the opening coil L2 after being limited by the smoothing reactor L1, the lorentz force generated reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc D, the electromagnetic repulsion disc D is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture K2 is repelled to perform the opening action.
As shown in fig. 5a, in the electromagnetic repulsion force driven dc breaking device with integrated smoothing reactor and breaker, under the normal through-flow state, the mechanical break K2 is closed, the oscillating switch K3 is opened, the current of the power system protected by the device flows in from the wire inlet end A1, flows through the smoothing reactor L1 and the mechanical break K2 in sequence, and flows out from the wire outlet end A2;
as shown in fig. 5b, when the power system fails, the short-circuit current of the power system is limited by the Jing Pingbo reactor L1, then the mechanical break K2 is opened under the drive of electromagnetic repulsion force, then the oscillating discharge switch K2 is closed, the pre-charged oscillating capacitor C2 and the oscillating inductor L3 perform reverse oscillating discharge, the discharging current and the short-circuit current are superposed to generate zero-crossing points, and the arc is rapidly extinguished in the arc extinguishing chamber under the action of the longitudinal magnetic field generated by the smoothing reactor L1;
As shown in fig. 5C, after the short-circuit current flowing through the mechanical break K2 is cut off, the short-circuit current is transferred to the current transfer branch, and the system starts to charge the oscillating capacitor C2;
as shown in fig. 5d, after the operating voltage of the lightning arrester B is reached, the lightning arrester is operated to release energy, and the disconnection is completed.
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the current transfer branch circuit when the power electronics is adopted, the current transfer branch circuit is composed of a plurality of fully-controlled power electronics connected in series, when a power system fails, a system short-circuit current is limited by a Jing Pingbo reactor L1, then a mechanical fracture K2 is disconnected under the drive of electromagnetic repulsion force, then an IGBT valve group of the current transfer branch circuit is turned off, and after the generated overvoltage reaches the action voltage of a lightning arrester B, the lightning arrester acts to discharge energy, and the disconnection of the short-circuit current is completed.
The mechanical fracture K2 includes: vacuum break, gas break.
The discharging switch K1 and the oscillating switch K3 comprise: one of a mechanical switch, a thyristor, and an IGBT.
The fully-controlled power electronic device is an IGBT or an IGCT and an anti-parallel diode.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various simple modifications and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. Electromagnetic repulsion force driven direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment of flat wave reactor and circuit breaker integral type, its characterized in that: the device comprises a compact electromagnetic repulsion switch, a current transfer branch, an energy absorption branch, an incoming line end (A1) and an outgoing line end (A2);
two ends of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch are respectively connected with an inlet wire end (A1) and an outlet wire end (A2); the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch comprises a smoothing reactor (L1), a brake separating coil (L2), a discharge capacitor (C1), a discharge switch (K1) and a mechanical fracture (K2), wherein the smoothing reactor (L1) is connected with the mechanical fracture (K2) in series, one end of the smoothing reactor (L1) is connected with a wire inlet end (A1), the other end of the smoothing reactor is connected with the mechanical fracture (K2), and the other end of the mechanical fracture (K2) is connected with a wire outlet end (A2); the discharging capacitor (C1), the discharging switch (K1) and the switching-off coil (L2) are sequentially connected in series to form an active control loop; the smoothing reactor (L1) or the switching-off coil (L2) controls the mechanical fracture (K2) to switch off by driving the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D);
The current transfer branch, the energy absorption branch and the mechanical fracture (K2) are connected in parallel; the current transfer branch circuit comprises a forced zero crossing type power electronic type; the forced zero crossing type oscillator comprises an oscillating capacitor (C2), an oscillating inductor (L3) and an oscillating switch (K3) which are sequentially connected in series; the power electronics consists of a plurality of fully-controlled power electronic devices which are connected in series;
The energy absorption branch consists of a single or a plurality of piezoresistors or lightning arresters (B) which are connected in series and parallel.
2. The electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current switching-off device integrated with the smoothing reactor and the circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch adopts an integrated structure, the smoothing reactor (L1) with a hollow cavity is arranged outside, a mechanical fracture (K2), a switching-off coil (L2), a discharging switch (K1) and a discharging capacitor (C1) are all positioned inside the hollow cavity of the smoothing reactor (L1), and an electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) is positioned inside or at the outer end of the smoothing reactor (L1); the static contact (F1) and the moving contact (F2) of the mechanical fracture (K2) are wrapped in the arc extinguishing chamber (F3), the lower end of the moving contact (F2) is connected with the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) through an insulating pull rod, and the brake separating coil (L2) is positioned at one end of the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) and is connected with the discharge capacitor (C1) and the discharge switch (K1) which are connected in series to form a loop; the switching-off coil (L2) has two wiring modes of a main loop through flow which is in series connection and a main loop through flow which is not in series connection, and when the switching-off coil (L2) is in series connection with the main loop through flow, the switching-off coil (L2) is respectively connected with the lower end of the arc extinguishing chamber (F3) and the inner side of the smoothing reactor (L1) through a lead (M); when the switching-off coil (L2) is not connected into the main loop through flow in series, the inner side of the smoothing reactor (L1) is connected with the lower end of the arc extinguishing chamber (F3) through a lead (M); the wire inlet end (A1) of the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is positioned at the outer side of the smoothing reactor (L1), and the wire outlet end (A2) is positioned at the upper end of the fixed contact (F1) or the movable contact (F2).
3. The smoothing reactor and circuit breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driven dc breaking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch has three modes of opening action:
Mode one: actively controlling the opening action: when the compact electromagnetic repulsion switch is required to be operated, a discharging switch (K1) is closed by sending a control signal, a pre-charged discharging capacitor (C1) discharges, discharging current flows through a switching-off coil (L2), and Lorentz force is generated on an electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) to drive the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) to operate so as to repel a mechanical fracture (K2) to perform switching-off operation;
mode two: the smoothing reactor drives automatic brake-separating action: the switching-off coil (L2) is not connected in series with the main loop through flow, when serious short-circuit fault occurs, short-circuit current flows through the smoothing reactor (L1), the generated Lorentz force reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D), the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture (K2) is repelled to perform switching-off action;
Mode three: the brake-separating coil drives automatic brake-separating action: when serious short circuit fault occurs, the short circuit current flows through the smoothing reactor (L1) to be limited, and then flows through the switching coil (L2), the generated Lorentz force reaches the action threshold of the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D), the electromagnetic repulsion disc (D) is driven to act, and the mechanical fracture (K2) is repelled to perform switching action.
4. The electromagnetic repulsion driving direct current breaking device integrated with a smoothing reactor and a breaker according to claim 1 is characterized in that under a normal through-flow state, a mechanical fracture (K2) is closed, an oscillating switch (K3) is opened, and the current of a power system protected by the device flows in from an inlet wire end (A1), sequentially flows through the smoothing reactor (L1) and the mechanical fracture (K2), and flows out from an outlet wire end (A2);
When the power system breaks down, the system short-circuit current is limited by the Jing Pingbo reactor (L1), then the mechanical fracture (K2) is disconnected under the drive of electromagnetic repulsion, the short-circuit current is transferred to the current transfer branch, the short-circuit current is disconnected through the action of the current transfer branch, and then the residual energy is discharged through the action of the lightning arrester, so that the disconnection is completed.
5. The smoothing reactor and circuit breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driven dc breaking apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical break (K2) comprises a vacuum break and a gas break.
6. The smoothing reactor and circuit breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driven direct current breaking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the discharge switch (K1) and the oscillating switch (K3) are one of mechanical switch, thyristor, IGBT.
7. The smoothing reactor and circuit breaker integrated electromagnetic repulsion driven dc breaking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fully controlled power electronics is an IGBT or IGCT and an anti-parallel diode.
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| CN202410120737.0A CN117937398A (en) | 2024-01-29 | 2024-01-29 | Electromagnetic repulsion force driving direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment integrating smoothing reactor and circuit breaker |
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| CN202410120737.0A CN117937398A (en) | 2024-01-29 | 2024-01-29 | Electromagnetic repulsion force driving direct current switching-on and switching-off equipment integrating smoothing reactor and circuit breaker |
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