CN117935662A - Simulated respiratory system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a simulated respiratory system which comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a tidal volume pipeline, a residual air pipeline, a tidal volume simulation device and a residual air simulation device, wherein the tidal volume simulation device is arranged on the tidal volume pipeline, the residual air simulation device is arranged on the residual air pipeline, the tidal volume simulation device is used for providing air volume within a tidal volume range, and the residual air simulation device is used for providing air volume within the residual air volume range; the outlet end of the tidal pipe and the outlet end of the residual air pipe are both communicated with the inlet end of the air outlet pipe, and the inlet end of the tidal pipe and the inlet end of the residual air pipe are both communicated with the outlet end of the air inlet pipe. The invention can highly simulate the living body test environment and provides a relatively real bionic environment for the related scientific research field.

Description

Simulated respiratory system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a simulated respiratory system.

Background

The respiratory medical surgical instruments are medical instruments commonly used for thoracic surgery, and include thoracoscopes, ultrasonic knives, forceps separators and the like. Respiratory medicine related surgical instruments include bronchoscope cannula catheters, aspiration catheters and the like. Because thoracic surgery approaches important parts such as heart, the instruments of this type need to be subjected to instrument performance test before leaving the factory.

The performance test of the instrument is verified to be mostly carried out based on animal living experiments or simple chest viscera models. The animal living experiment can provide a real physiological environment to test the instrument, but the animal living experiment has longer preparation period, higher requirement on the test environment and low repeated use rate. The simple chest cavity visceral organ model can provide a static instrument test environment, but the simple chest cavity visceral organ model can only simulate the test under the static environment, and the model can only solve the simpler or specific performance evaluation, and cannot realize the test verification under the complex test environment. In view of this, there is a need for a simulated respiratory system that is capable of highly simulating a living test environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simulated respiratory system which can highly simulate a living body testing environment and provides a relatively real bionic environment for the related scientific research field.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a simulated respiratory system, which comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a tidal volume pipeline, a residual air pipeline, a tidal volume simulation device and a residual air simulation device, wherein the tidal volume simulation device is arranged on the tidal volume pipeline, the residual air simulation device is arranged on the residual air pipeline, the tidal volume simulation device is used for providing air volume within a tidal volume range, and the residual air simulation device is used for providing air volume within the residual air volume range; the outlet end of the tidal pipe and the outlet end of the residual air pipeline are both communicated with the inlet end of the air outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the tidal pipe and the inlet end of the residual air pipeline are both communicated with the outlet end of the air inlet pipeline; the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are used for being communicated with a lung simulation device.

Optionally, the device further comprises a lung simulation device, wherein the inlet end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the lung simulation device, and the outlet end of the air outlet pipeline is communicated with the lung simulation device.

Optionally, the lung simulator is arranged in a container, the container is made according to the chest and skeleton posture data of the human body, and the lung simulator is arranged in the container at a position corresponding to the lung in the chest of the human body.

Optionally, the device further comprises a three-way valve, wherein the three-way valve comprises a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is communicated with the inlet end of the air inlet pipeline and the outlet end of the air outlet pipeline, the second interface is communicated with the lung simulation device, and the third interface is used for extending into a medical instrument.

Optionally, the tidal volume simulation device includes cylinder, lead screw, nut, piston, the piston is located in the cylinder, just the piston will the cylinder inner space is divided into first cavity and second cavity, first air inlet and gas outlet have been seted up on the cylinder, the nut cover is established on the lead screw and with lead screw threaded connection, the lead screw passes the piston, the nut with the piston links to each other, so that when the nut is followed lead screw axial motion drives the piston motion.

Optionally, the tidal volume simulation device further comprises a guiding optical axis, wherein the guiding optical axis is arranged in parallel with the screw rod, and the guiding optical axis penetrates through the piston.

Optionally, the residual air simulation device comprises a gas exchanger, a first reverser, a fan and a second reverser, wherein the first reverser, the fan and the second reverser are sequentially arranged, the first reverser is provided with a first gear and a second gear, and the second reverser is provided with a third gear and a fourth gear; when the first reverser is adjusted to a first gear, the first reverser is communicated with the gas exchanger, and when the first reverser is adjusted to a second gear, the first reverser is communicated with the inlet end of the gas inlet pipeline; when the second reverser is adjusted to a third gear, the second reverser is communicated with the gas exchanger, and when the second reverser is adjusted to a fourth gear, the second reverser is communicated with the outlet end of the gas outlet pipeline; the fan is used for providing airflow.

Optionally, the tidal volume simulation device further comprises a gas supplementing pipeline, a second gas inlet is formed in the tidal volume simulation device, and the gas supplementing pipeline is communicated with the second gas inlet.

Optionally, the device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is in control connection with the tidal volume simulation device and/or the residual air volume simulation device, and the controller is used for controlling and adjusting the air volumes of the tidal volume simulation device and/or the residual air volume simulation device.

Optionally, at least one of the air inlet pipeline, the air outlet pipeline, the tidal volume pipeline and the residual air volume pipeline is provided with a gas flowmeter, and the gas flowmeter is in communication connection with the controller; the controller is configured to: and controlling and adjusting the air quantity of the tidal volume simulation device and/or the residual air quantity simulation device according to the metering data of the air flowmeter.

The simulated respiratory system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention provides a simulated respiratory system which comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a tidal volume pipeline, a residual air pipeline, a tidal volume simulation device and a residual air simulation device, wherein the tidal volume simulation device is arranged on the tidal volume pipeline, the residual air simulation device is arranged on the residual air pipeline, the tidal volume simulation device is used for providing air volume within a tidal volume range, and the residual air simulation device is used for providing air volume within the residual air volume range; the tidal pipe is connected with the residual air pipeline in parallel to form a parallel pipeline, the outlet end of the parallel pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the air outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the parallel pipeline is communicated with the outlet end of the air inlet pipeline; the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are used for being communicated with a lung simulation device. The tidal volume simulation device is utilized to provide the air volume within the tidal volume range and the residual air volume simulation device is utilized to provide the air volume within the residual air volume range, meanwhile, the tidal volume and the residual air volume of human breath are considered, the reduction of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system can be realized, the living body test environment can be highly simulated, and a relatively real bionic environment is provided for the relevant scientific research field.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulated respiratory system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural components of a three-way valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first commutator in the first gear position and the second commutator in the fourth gear position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first commutator in a second gear position and the second commutator in a third gear position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:

1-a tidal volume simulation device; 11-cylinder; 12-screw rod; 13-a nut; 14-a piston; 15-guiding the optical axis; 16-an optical axis bearing seat; 17-position sensor; 18-a gas flow meter; 19-a servo motor; 110-a first air inlet; 120-air outlet; 130-a second air inlet;

2-a residual gas simulation device; 21-a gas exchanger; 22-a first commutator; 23-fans; 24-a second commutator; 221-first gear; 222-second gear; 241-third gear; 242-fourth gear; 25-an electromagnetic proportional control valve; 26-a gas flow meter;

3-a pulmonary simulation device; 30-connecting pipes; 31-a container;

4-a three-way valve; 41-pressing the cap; 42-locking buckle; 43-puncture sheet pressing table; 44-piercing sheet; 45-a third interface; 46-a first interface; 47-locking nut; 48-multilevel pagoda head; 49-a second interface;

5-a controller;

6-a touch screen;

10-the outlet end of the air outlet pipeline; 101-an inlet end of the air outlet pipeline; 102-a one-way valve; 103-a pressure sensor;

20-an inlet end of the air inlet pipeline; 201-a one-way valve; 202-a gas flow meter; 203-a pressure sensor; 204-an outlet end of the air inlet pipeline;

40-inlet end of the make-up line; 401-a one-way valve; 402-regulating the valve;

50-outlet end of the leakage simulation line; 501-a gas flowmeter; 502-adjusting the valve.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof in order to make the objects, advantages and features of the invention more apparent. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not drawn to scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures. In particular, the drawings are shown with different emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the various embodiments.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, or comprise the intervening element or layer. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" …, "directly connected to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers involved. Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath … …," "below," "lower," "above … …," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use and operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "below" … …, "beneath" or "beneath" would then be oriented "on" other elements or features. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

The invention aims to provide a simulated respiratory system which can highly simulate a living body testing environment and provides a relatively real bionic environment for the related scientific research field.

In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a simulated respiratory system, please refer to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated respiratory system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the simulated respiratory system comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a tidal volume pipeline, a residual air volume pipeline, a tidal volume simulation device 1 and a residual air volume simulation device 2, wherein the tidal volume simulation device 1 is arranged on the tidal volume pipeline, the residual air volume simulation device 2 is arranged on the residual air volume pipeline, the tidal volume simulation device 1 is used for providing air volume in a tidal volume range, and the residual air volume simulation device 2 is used for providing air volume in the residual air volume range;

the outlet end of the tidal pipe and the outlet end of the residual air pipe are both communicated with the inlet end 101 of the air outlet pipe, and the inlet end of the tidal pipe and the inlet end of the residual air pipe are both communicated with the outlet end 204 of the air inlet pipe; the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are used for being communicated with a lung simulation device.

Tidal volume and residual volume are both sports medical terms. Tidal volume refers to the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled each time during calm breathing, generally refers to the volume of expired air, and is an indicator showing the volume of the lungs, and is mainly used for ventilation function examination in lung function examination. Tidal volume is more easily influenced by diaphragm function, and can be increased when people exercise and suffer from basic diseases, and the maximum lung capacity can be achieved when people exercise; when respiratory function is not complete, tidal volume may decrease. Reference range of tidal volume normal values: the adult is 8-10ml/kg, and the pediatric is 6-10ml/kg. The residual gas volume is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation, which is still in a certain expanded state. The residual air of normal people is about 1200-1500 ml, accounting for 20% -25% of the total lung capacity (total lung capacity, TLC). The tidal volume simulation device 1 is utilized to provide the air volume within the tidal volume range, the residual volume simulation device 2 is utilized to provide the air volume within the residual volume range, meanwhile, the tidal volume and the residual volume of human breath are considered, the reduction of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system can be realized, the living body test environment can be highly simulated, a relatively real bionic environment is provided for the relevant scientific research field, and compared with the living body experiments of animals, the requirements of the test environment and the tested experimental body are reduced, the operation test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced.

With continued reference to fig. 1, in one exemplary embodiment, the tidal volume line is connected in parallel with the residual volume line to form a parallel line, the outlet end of the parallel line is connected to the inlet end 101 of the outlet line, and the inlet end of the parallel line is connected to the outlet end 204 of the inlet line, including but not limited to using a junction box. It should be understood that the connection arrangement of the tidal tube and the residual air tube may be in series or in other manners, so long as it is satisfied that the outlet end of the tidal tube and the outlet end of the residual air tube are both connected with the inlet end 101 of the air outlet tube, and the inlet end of the tidal tube and the inlet end of the residual air tube are both connected with the outlet end 204 of the air inlet tube, which is not described herein.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the apparatus further includes a lung simulator 3, the inlet end 20 of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the lung simulator 3, and the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipeline is communicated with the lung simulator 3. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipe and the inlet end 20 of the air inlet pipe may be both communicated with a connecting pipe 30, and then the connecting pipe 30 is communicated with the lung simulator 3.

The lung simulator 3 may be a physiological structure that highly simulates the respiratory system based on real animal tissue and real human body data. Further, in an exemplary embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the pulmonary simulation device 3 may be placed in a container 31. The container 31 is made according to the chest and skeleton posture data of the human body, and the lung simulation device 3 is arranged in the container 31 at the relative position corresponding to the lung in the chest of the human body. The container 31 may be made of soft material in the form of a chest shell of a human body, and is marked with an anatomical mark line, so that the intervention point of the instrument can be better positioned. The container 31 may be made of real chest and bone posture data, and according to CT image data of real adult male chest, it is made of throat, neck, spine, rib, sternum, chest skin, mediastinum, diaphragm, etc. from neck and throat, and from bottom to diaphragm, it is made into a shell by machine-made die and thermoplastic forming process. Three-dimensional modeling of the chest and bone posture data of the human body, the container 31 is formed using a rapid 3D printing or suction molding process. The spatial positions of the respiratory tract, the transverse diaphragm and the longitudinal diaphragm can be confirmed according to the thoracic cavity data of the human body, and the positioning and mounting positions can be carried out. The invention can be used for extracting, designing and manufacturing a container for holding isolated lung tissues according to the real Chinese adult male human anatomy data, wherein the container model comprises a neck, a chest, a spine and ribs. The interior of the container 31 is coated with a human viscera texture pattern, and the simulation of the thoracoscopic test environment is restored. The rib and spine forms are arranged in the chest shell, and the endoscopic effect of the tissue texture pattern printed in the human body is more real. Furthermore, the upper half chest part is made of rib and soft skin materials, the soft skin is manufactured by using real data to design and reverse the mould, and the shape shell, the rib and the upper chest are characterized by repeated puncture and similar image effect to human tissue image under CT. The upper half part of the skin chest is fixed with the back base through a bolt, the upper half part of the skin chest is made of soft materials, ribs, a sternum and a mounting base, the mounting base is matched with the lower shell chest to form a chest container whole, and the upper half part of the chest and the lower shell base are separated from each other from 1/3 of the section of a human body. Based on this, the container 31 may simulate various scenarios, such as a lateral position: most commonly the body position. The operation can be properly adjusted according to the needs. Generally, 3 small incisions with the length of 1-1.5cm are made, the incision for placing the thoracoscope is selected from the 7 th or 8 th intercostal from the axillary midline to the posterior axillary line, the positions of the other two incisions are determined after the lesion part is clear, and the incision intervals are 10-15 cm and are distributed in a triangle shape; semi-lateral position: after lying on the back, the back of one side is raised by 30 DEG to 45 DEG or the operating table is rotated to reach the required body position. Is suitable for anterior mediastinum, pericardium and heart operation; supine position: is positioned in the same way as the median incision of the sternum. Is suitable for the cases of anterior mediastinum lesion surgery and bilateral intrathoracic lesion secondary surgery. The remaining incisions between the 4 th or 5 th intercostal of the anterior axillary line were selected for placement of the thoracoscope and intrathoracic tissue biopsies, swipe examinations, etc. were performed as described above.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-way valve according to an embodiment of the invention. Further, the simulated respiratory system further comprises a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises a first interface 46, a second interface 49 and a third interface 45, the first interface 46 is communicated with the inlet end 20 of the air inlet pipeline and the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipeline, the second interface 49 is communicated with the lung simulator 3, and the third interface 45 is used for extending into a medical instrument. The axes of the second interface 49 and the third interface 45 may be disposed on the same straight line, so as to facilitate the better access of the apparatus to the internal passage of the isolated tissue. The third port 45 should meet the passing of the instruments or the catheters of 8Fr-32Fr, the inner diameter of the port of the first port 46 can be 22mm for connecting the connecting pipe 30, the periphery of the second port 49 is a conical pagoda design, such as a multi-stage pagoda head 48, so as to meet the connection of the air pipes with different diameters, and the outer diameter of the pagoda ranges from 12 mm to 24mm. The front end of the pagoda between the first interface 46 and the third interface 45 is designed with a locking nut 47, and is fixed with the lower shell of the tissue container in a threading way, and is processed by adopting a machining process and a welding process. The third interface 45 can be matched with the gland cap 41 and the puncture piece 44, a puncture piece pressing table 43 and the puncture piece 44 are arranged in the gland cap 41, and the puncture piece pressing table 43 and the puncture piece 44 are connected by using the locking buckle 42, so that an intervention port for medical experiments such as puncture experiments is formed together.

With continued reference to fig. 1, specifically, the tidal volume simulation device 1 includes a cylinder 11, a screw rod 12, a nut 13, and a piston 14, where the piston 14 is disposed in the cylinder 11, and the piston 14 divides an internal space of the cylinder 11 into a first cavity and a second cavity, a first air inlet 110 and an air outlet 120 are disposed on the cylinder 11, the screw rod 12 is sleeved with the nut 13 and is in threaded connection with the screw rod 12, the nut 13 is connected with the piston 14, and the screw rod 12 passes through the piston 14. The screw rod can be in transmission connection with the servo motor 19, when the servo motor 19 is started, the screw rod 12 can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, and as the nut 13 is sleeved on the screw rod 12 and is in threaded connection with the screw rod 12, the nut 13 can move along the screw rod 12 axially on the screw rod 12 along the threads. Also, because the nut 13 is connected to the piston 14 (e.g., against and to each other in fig. 1), the screw 12 passes through the piston 14 such that when the nut 13 moves axially along the screw 12, the nut 13 moves the piston 14 axially along the screw 12. Further, because the piston 14 divides the internal space of the cylinder 11 into a first cavity and a second cavity, the piston 14 changes the volumes of the first cavity and the second cavity, and because the cylinder 11 is provided with the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120, the cylinder generates air pressure change by utilizing the volume changes of the first cavity and the second cavity, and performs air exchange with the outside by utilizing the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120, so as to realize the functions of air inlet and air outlet, and at this time, from the angle of the lung simulator 3, the air inlet of the tidal volume simulator 1 is regarded as "exhaling" of the lung simulator 3, and the air outlet of the tidal volume simulator 1 is regarded as "inhaling" of the lung simulator 3. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 may be disposed on a portion of the cylinder on the same side of the piston 14, where a one-way valve, such as the one-way valve 102 and the one-way valve 201, is disposed on the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe, so that when the tidal volume simulator 1 is air-out, the air outlet pipe can flow air but the air inlet pipe does not flow air, and when the tidal volume simulator 1 is air-in, the air inlet pipe can flow air but the air outlet pipe does not flow air. It should be understood that the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 may be disposed in other orientations, and valves are disposed on the air outlet pipeline and the air inlet pipeline correspondingly, which will not be described herein.

With continued reference to fig. 1, further, the tidal volume simulator 1 further includes a guiding optical axis 15, where the guiding optical axis 15 is disposed parallel to the screw 12, and the guiding optical axis 15 passes through the piston 14. Since the inner space of the cylinder 11 is large, the guide optical axis 15 is provided in order to further restrict the axial movement of the piston 14 along the screw 12, and the guide optical axis 15 is provided with an optical axis bearing block 16. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the two guide optical axes 15 are arranged coaxially with the screw 12, that is, the screw 12 passes through the center of the piston 14, and the two guide optical axes 15 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the screw 12, so that a preferable restraining effect can be achieved. It should be understood that other positions and constraint relationships of the screw 12, the guiding optical axis 15 and the piston 14 may be adopted, so long as the piston 14 is ensured to be capable of moving along the axial direction of the screw 12, and details thereof will not be repeated herein.

With continued reference to fig. 1, specifically, the residual air simulating device 2 includes a gas exchanger 21, and a first commutator 22, a fan 23, and a second commutator 24 sequentially disposed, where the first commutator 22 has a first gear 221 and a second gear 222, and the second commutator 24 has a third gear 241 and a fourth gear 242;

When the first reverser 22 is adjusted to a first gear 221, the first reverser 22 is communicated with the gas exchanger 21, and when the first reverser 22 is adjusted to a second gear 222, the first reverser 22 is communicated with the inlet end of the gas inlet pipeline; the second reverser 24 is communicated with the gas exchanger 21 when the second reverser 24 is adjusted to a third gear 241, and the second reverser 24 is communicated with the outlet end 10 of the gas outlet pipeline when the second reverser 24 is adjusted to a fourth gear 242;

The fan 23 is used to provide an air flow.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the tidal volume simulator 1 preferably further includes a gas supplementing pipeline, wherein the tidal volume simulator 1 is provided with a second gas inlet 130, and the gas supplementing pipeline is communicated with the second gas inlet 130. The air supplementing pipeline is used for supplementing air when the air pressure in the tidal volume simulation device 1 is insufficient, and the adjusting valve 402 is opened when the air pressure in the tidal volume simulation device 1 is insufficient, so that air enters from the inlet end 40 of the air supplementing pipeline and enters the tidal volume simulation device 1 through the second air inlet 130. Similarly, the air supplementing pipeline is also provided with a one-way valve 401, so that the air flows only in the direction of entering the tidal volume simulation device 1.

With continued reference to fig. 1, it is preferable to further include a leakage simulation pipeline, where the leakage simulation pipeline is communicated with the air outlet pipeline at the side surface of the air outlet pipeline. The leakage simulation pipeline mainly simulates a gas leakage scene when a breathing machine is used for a patient and the patient inhales, and the gas outlet of the tidal volume simulation device 1 is equivalent to the gas suction of the lung simulation device 3, so that the leakage simulation pipeline is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline, and the leakage simulation pipeline is arranged to be communicated with the gas outlet pipeline on the side surface of the gas outlet pipeline because the leakage simulation pipeline does not occupy the outlet end 10 of the gas outlet pipeline as much as possible. When the leak simulation line is activated, the regulator valve 502 is opened and a portion of the gas in the gas outlet line flows out through the outlet end 50 of the leak simulation line, thereby simulating the situation of a leak in the patient when inhaling while the patient is using the ventilator.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the device further includes a controller 5, where the controller 5 is in control connection with the tidal volume simulator 1 and/or the residual air simulator 2, and the controller 5 is used for controlling and adjusting the air amounts of the tidal volume simulator 1 and/or the residual air simulator 2. In an exemplary embodiment, tidal volume and residual volume driven by different scenes, different times, and different waveforms may be preset, and the volumes of tidal volume simulator 1 and/or residual volume simulator 2 may be dynamically adjusted, including, but not limited to, controlling and adjusting the speed and displacement of piston 14 and the rotational speed of fan 23. In controlling the speed and displacement of the piston 14, a position sensor 17 provided in the cylinder 11 may be used to communicatively connect the position sensor 17 to the controller 5 to control the speed and displacement of the piston 14. The controller 5 may set parameters including tidal volume, residual volume, air supplement volume, inhalation/exhalation ratio, etc., and the controller 5 may also set respiratory waveforms, normal end-of-exhalation CO2 waveforms, square waves, sine waves, and decreasing waves. In order to facilitate the operator to use the simulated respiratory system, the simulated respiratory system may further include a touch screen 6 for displaying and controlling an interactive interface for operating the simulated respiratory system, which is not described herein.

With continued reference to fig. 1, further, at least one of the air inlet pipeline, the air outlet pipeline, the tidal volume pipeline and the residual volume pipeline is provided with a gas flowmeter, and the gas flowmeter is in communication connection with the controller 5; the controller 5 is configured to: and controlling and adjusting the gas quantity of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and/or the residual gas quantity simulation device 2 according to the metering data of the gas flowmeter. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in fig. 1, a gas flow meter 18 is provided on the tidal volume pipe, a gas flow meter 26 is provided on the residual volume pipe, a gas flow meter 202 is provided on the intake pipe, and a gas flow meter 501 is provided on the leakage simulation pipe. In summary, any gas pipeline can be provided with the gas flowmeter, and any gas flowmeter can be in communication connection with the controller 5, so that the controller 5 can dynamically control and adjust the gas volumes of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and/or the residual gas volume simulation device 2 according to the metering data of the gas flowmeter, and the whole process dynamic monitoring and control adjustment are realized.

The working principle of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and the above technical features.

Referring to fig. 1, when it is required to simulate "inhaling" of the lung, gas is input into the lung simulator 3 from the perspective of simulating the respiratory system, and the tidal volume simulator 1 and the residual air volume simulator 2 are correspondingly discharged, at this time, the servo motor 19 is started to move the piston 14 rightward, the first commutator 22 is adjusted to the first gear 221, the second commutator 24 is adjusted to the fourth gear 242, and the fan 23 is started. At this time, due to the action of the check valve 201 and the closed regulating valve 402, no gas flows through the air supply line and the air intake line. In this case, in terms of the tidal volume simulation apparatus 1, the gas in the cylinder 11 is output through the gas outlet 120, and is output from the outlet end 10 of the gas outlet pipeline through the gas flowmeter 18 and the one-way valve 102, so as to provide a gas volume within a tidal volume range (if a gas leakage scene needs to be simulated at this time, the adjusting valve 502 may be opened and the valve size may be adjusted, so that a part of the gas is output from the outlet end 50 of the leakage simulation pipeline after passing through the gas flowmeter 501 and the adjusting valve 502, otherwise, the adjusting valve 502 is not opened); in terms of the residual air volume simulation device 2, after the fan 23 is started, air enters from the outside through the air exchanger 21, is output from the residual air volume simulation device 2 through the first reverser 22, the fan 23 and the second reverser 24, and is converged with air from the tidal air volume simulation device 1 at the outlet end of the parallel pipeline, namely the inlet end 101 of the air outlet pipeline, and is output from the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipeline through the one-way valve 102, so as to provide air volume within the residual air volume range. Gas will be fed into the lung simulator 3 to simulate the scene of a "inhalation" of the lungs. The above gas flow paths may refer to the arrow directions in fig. 1.

When it is required to simulate the "exhaling" of the lung, the air is extracted from the lung simulator 3 from the angle of simulating the respiratory system, and the tidal volume simulator 1 and the residual air simulator 2 are correspondingly inflated, at this time, the servo motor 19 is started to move the piston 14 leftwards, the first reverser 22 is adjusted to the second gear 222, the second reverser 24 is adjusted to the third gear 241, and the fan 23 is started. At this time, the air outlet pipeline does not have air circulation due to the action of the one-way valve 102. In this case, in terms of the tidal volume simulation device 1, the gas in the pulmonary simulation device 3 is pumped out through the connecting pipe 30, and sequentially flows through the inlet end 20 of the gas inlet pipeline, the pressure sensor 203, the gas flowmeter 202, the one-way valve 201, and finally flows into the tidal volume simulation device 1 through the first gas inlet 110, so as to provide the gas volume within the tidal volume range; in the aspect of the residual air simulating device 2, after the fan 23 is started, the air from the air inlet pipeline is split at the inlet end of the parallel pipeline, namely, the outlet end 204 of the air inlet pipeline, and is discharged to the outside through the air exchanger 21 after passing through the first reverser 22, the fan 23 and the second reverser 24, so as to provide the air amount within the residual air amount range. Gas will be fed into the lung simulator 3 to simulate the scene of a "exhale" of the lung. The above gas flow paths may refer to the arrow directions in fig. 1.

In the above working process, the controller 5 can obtain the gas flow of each pipeline through the gas flow meter 18 on the tidal volume pipeline, the gas flow meter 26 on the residual air pipeline, the gas flow meter 202 on the air inlet pipeline, the gas flow meter 501 on the leakage simulation pipeline, and collect the inspiration pressure and expiration pressure, and the maximum and minimum inspiration pressure, and the maximum and minimum expiration pressure by using each pressure sensor, and dynamically control and adjust the tidal volume simulation device 1 and the residual air simulation device 2 according to a preset test scene. An electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 can be further arranged on the residual air pipeline to further accurately control the residual air. Further, in the above process, if the air pressure of the tidal volume simulation apparatus 1 is found to be insufficient, the adjusting valve 402 may be opened, and the air supplementing pipeline may be used to supplement the air in the tidal volume simulation apparatus 1. For example, instantaneous inspiratory = tidal volume + make-up; instantaneous tidal volume = tidal volume + tidal volume-tidal volume.

The controller 5 can be configured into a breathing mode and a continuous ventilation mode according to experimental requirements, when the system is in the continuous ventilation mode, the tidal volume simulation device 1 stops working, the fan 23 in the residual volume simulation device 2 works, and the air volume of the system is controlled by controlling continuous ventilation parameters. So that the pulmonary simulation device 3 maintains a target morphology.

In the above-described process of simulating breathing, the operator can perform various medical instrument tests or other medical experiments using the three-way valve 4. An interventional medical device, such as a respiratory medical device, commonly used in thoracic surgery, e.g., thoracoscope, ultrasonic blade, grasper separator, etc., may be inserted from the third port 45, and a respiratory medical related device, e.g., bronchoscopy cannula catheter, aspiration catheter, etc. Therefore, the tidal volume simulation device is utilized to provide the air volume within the tidal volume range and the residual air volume simulation device is utilized to provide the air volume within the residual air volume range, meanwhile, the tidal volume and the residual air volume of human breath are considered, the reduction of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system can be realized, the living body test environment can be highly simulated, a relatively real bionic environment is provided for the relevant scientific research field, and compared with the animal living body experiment, the requirements of the test environment and the tested experiment body are reduced, the operation test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced.

It should be further noted that although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technology, or the technology can be modified to be equivalent. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

It should be further understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in this specification are used merely for distinguishing between various components, elements, steps, etc. in the specification and not for indicating a logical or sequential relationship between the various components, elements, steps, etc., unless otherwise indicated.

It should also be understood that the terminology described herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to "a step" or "an apparatus" means a reference to one or more steps or apparatuses, and may include sub-steps as well as sub-apparatuses. All conjunctions used should be understood in the broadest sense. And, the word "or" should be understood as having the definition of a logical "or" rather than a logical "exclusive or" unless the context clearly indicates the contrary. Further, implementation of embodiments of the present invention may include performing selected tasks manually, automatically, or in combination.

Claims (10)

1. The simulated respiratory system is characterized by comprising an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a tidal volume pipeline, a residual air pipeline, a tidal volume simulation device and a residual air simulation device, wherein the tidal volume simulation device is arranged on the tidal volume pipeline, the residual air simulation device is arranged on the residual air pipeline, the tidal volume simulation device is used for providing air volume within a tidal volume range, and the residual air simulation device is used for providing air volume within the residual air range;

the outlet end of the tidal pipe and the outlet end of the residual air pipeline are both communicated with the inlet end of the air outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the tidal pipe and the inlet end of the residual air pipeline are both communicated with the outlet end of the air inlet pipeline;

The air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are used for being communicated with a lung simulation device.

2. The simulated respiratory system of claim 1, further comprising a pulmonary simulation device, wherein an inlet end of said inlet conduit communicates with said pulmonary simulation device and an outlet end of said outlet conduit communicates with said pulmonary simulation device.

3. A simulated respiratory system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pulmonary simulation device is provided in a container made from data of the chest and skeletal posture of a person, said pulmonary simulation device being provided in said container at a relative position corresponding to the lungs in the chest of the person.

4. The simulated respiratory system of claim 2, further comprising a three-way valve, said three-way valve comprising a first port in communication with said inlet end of said inlet conduit and said outlet end of said outlet conduit, a second port in communication with said pulmonary simulation device, and a third port for extending into a medical device.

5. The simulated respiratory system of claim 1, wherein said tidal volume simulation device comprises a cylinder, a screw rod, a nut, and a piston, said piston is disposed in said cylinder, said piston divides the interior space of said cylinder into a first cavity and a second cavity, said cylinder is provided with a first air inlet and an air outlet, said nut is sleeved on said screw rod and is in threaded connection with said screw rod, said screw rod passes through said piston, said nut is connected with said piston, such that when said nut moves axially along said screw rod, said piston is driven to move.

6. The simulated respiratory system of claim 5, wherein said tidal volume simulator further comprises a guide optical axis disposed parallel to said lead screw, said guide optical axis passing through said piston.

7. The simulated respiratory system of claim 1, wherein said residual gas simulating means comprises a gas exchanger and first, fan and second commutators disposed in sequence, said first commutators having first and second gears and said second commutators having third and fourth gears;

when the first reverser is adjusted to a first gear, the first reverser is communicated with the gas exchanger, and when the first reverser is adjusted to a second gear, the first reverser is communicated with the inlet end of the gas inlet pipeline;

When the second reverser is adjusted to a third gear, the second reverser is communicated with the gas exchanger, and when the second reverser is adjusted to a fourth gear, the second reverser is communicated with the outlet end of the gas outlet pipeline;

the fan is used for providing airflow.

8. The simulated respiratory system of claim 1, further comprising a gas supply line, said tidal volume simulator having a second gas inlet, said gas supply line being in communication with said second gas inlet.

9. The simulated respiratory system of claim 1, further comprising a controller in control connection with said tidal volume simulator and/or residual volume simulator, said controller for controlling and adjusting the volume of said tidal volume simulator and/or residual volume simulator.

10. The simulated respiratory system of claim 9, wherein at least one of said inlet conduit, said outlet conduit, said tidal volume conduit and said residual volume conduit is provided with a gas flow meter, said gas flow meter being in communication with said controller;

the controller is configured to: and controlling and adjusting the air quantity of the tidal volume simulation device and/or the residual air quantity simulation device according to the metering data of the air flowmeter.