CN117933127A - Rapid modeling system and method for torrential flood small-basin hydrologic model - Google Patents
Rapid modeling system and method for torrential flood small-basin hydrologic model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid modeling system and a rapid modeling method for a hydrological hydrodynamic model of a torrent small river basin, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a data preprocessing unit, a model construction and operation unit, a model parameter optimization unit and a data analysis and visualization unit; the data preprocessing unit is used for reading and processing the torrent modeling data; the model construction and operation unit is used for coupling the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model, acquiring the characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed required by the parameter estimation of the hydrologic model, and calculating the hydrodynamic model; the model parameter optimization unit is used for coupling the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm; the data analysis and visualization unit is used for evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrokinetic model and the flood disasters. The invention reduces the professionality and complexity of the torrential flood hydrodynamics modeling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural disaster early warning, in particular to a rapid modeling system and method for a torrent small-river basin hydrokinetic model.
Background
Mountain torrent disaster defense has been an important field of flood disaster defense in China. At present, a mountain torrent disaster prevention and control system suitable for China national conditions is initially established in China, the mountain torrent disaster monitoring and early warning system is realized from scratch, and remarkable disaster prevention and reduction benefits are generated. The hydrologic model is an important means for realizing the mountain torrent early warning and forecasting. In fact, domestic and foreign scholars have constructed a large number of models and software for mountain torrents simulation, including TOPMODEL, MIKE, SWAT, HEC-HMS and Chinese mountain torrents hydrologic models, and the like, and an important tool is provided for flood risk assessment and management in small and medium-sized watercourses. Meanwhile, the existing hydrologic models are developed towards visualization and easy operation, a friendly interface is provided for users, and certain commercial hydrologic model software MIKE, hydrus and the like have great advantages in this aspect.
However, the mountain torrent hydrologic model construction process is often complex, such as data collection, watershed division, watershed feature extraction and the like in the early stage work, and the modeling process also involves how hydrologic hydrodynamic coupling, boundary condition setting, solution method selection, model parameter calibration optimization and the like, so that a user is required to have stronger professional ability. Therefore, even if the existing commercial hydrological model software has a user-friendly interface, a great deal of expertise and technology are still required for constructing a representative high-precision torrent hydrological model, and the development of torrent early warning and forecasting is limited to a great extent. Therefore, how to reduce the construction difficulty of the mountain torrent hydrodynamics model and improve the representativeness and the precision of the mountain torrent model is a problem to be solved in order to realize the improvement of the mountain torrent early warning and forecasting capability in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the complexity of the mountain torrent hydrodynamic modeling and improve the transplanting efficiency and the flood disaster early warning and forecasting capability of the mountain torrent hydrodynamic model. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rapid modeling system and a rapid modeling method for a torrent small-basin hydrokinetic model.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid modeling system for a hydrokinetic model of a small mountain torrent river basin, including: the system comprises a data preprocessing unit, a model construction and operation unit, a model parameter optimization unit and a data analysis and visualization unit;
the data preprocessing unit is used for reading and processing the torrent modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the mountain torrent modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area designates an estimated mountain torrent basin for a user;
The model construction and operation unit is used for coupling a hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model, acquiring characteristic parameters of a sub-watershed required by parameter estimation of the hydrological model according to the data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to the sensitive area; the sub-basin characteristic parameters at least comprise basin area, basin average elevation, basin average gradient and basin gradient standard deviation;
The model parameter optimization unit is used for coupling a hydrologic model parameter set and a hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when a user inputs actual measurement data; the hydrographic model parameter set comprises hydrographic model parameters corrected based on a plurality of watercourses, the hydrographic model parameter set comprises a plurality of hydrodynamic friction coefficients of the underlying surface, and the measured data comprises measured upstream inflow data and measured flood evolution data of the sensitive area;
the data analysis and visualization unit is used for evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
Preferably, the data preprocessing unit includes:
the data reading module is used for reading the torrential flood modeling data and drawing the sensitive area according to the DEM topographic data;
The river basin boundary acquisition module is used for acquiring a mountain torrent river basin boundary according to the outflow port position of the sensitive area, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
The river network distribution acquisition module is used for acquiring river network distribution in the mountain flood flow domain according to the DEM topographic data;
The sub-river basin boundary acquisition module is used for determining the position of an inflow opening of the sensitive area according to the intersection point of the river network and the sensitive area, and obtaining a mountain torrent sub-river basin boundary according to the position of the inflow opening, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
The sub-river basin spatial distribution data acquisition module is used for cutting and resampling the spatial distribution data according to the boundary of the mountain torrent sub-river basin to obtain the spatial distribution data of each mountain torrent sub-river basin;
The data set acquisition module is used for merging site observation data into the corresponding mountain torrent sub-basin according to the site observation position and the mountain torrent sub-basin boundary to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the site observation data includes at least rainfall and runoff.
Preferably, the data preprocessing unit further includes:
And the time sequence data processing module is used for carrying out quality detection on the time sequence data, and deleting abnormal values of the time sequence data and interpolating missing values of the time sequence data according to detection results.
Preferably, the model construction and operation unit includes:
the hydrologic hydrodynamic model coupling module is used for coupling a hydrologic model and a hydrodynamic model; the hydrologic model is a lumped hydrologic model, and the hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional shallow water equation;
the sub-river basin characteristic parameter acquisition module is used for setting a mountain torrent sub-river basin simulated by the lumped hydrological model according to the data set, and counting sub-river basin characteristic parameters required by parameter estimation of the lumped hydrological model in the mountain torrent sub-river basin;
And the hydrodynamic model calculation module is used for meshing the sensitive area and setting boundary conditions so as to solve the two-dimensional shallow water equation in the sensitive area.
Preferably, the hydrodynamic model calculation module includes:
the grid division module is used for carrying out grid division on the sensitive area by adopting finite element analysis to obtain a finite element grid corresponding to the sensitive area;
A boundary condition setting module, configured to set a boundary condition of the sensitive area based on the finite element mesh; the boundary conditions at least comprise an inflow boundary condition and a lower boundary condition, wherein the inflow boundary condition is a water level and flow rate process of the inflow port which is obtained by the lumped hydrological model and is changed along with time, and the lower boundary condition is an open boundary or a water level and flow rate process of the actually measured outflow port which is changed along with time;
and the equation solving module is used for solving the two-dimensional shallow water equation according to the boundary condition and in combination with the finite element analysis.
Preferably, the model parameter optimizing unit includes:
The hydrological model parameter acquisition module is used for coupling a hydrological model parameter set, and constructing a relation between hydrological model parameters and the characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed by adopting machine learning according to the hydrological model parameter set;
the hydrologic model parameter initialization module is used for carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the relation so as to initialize the parameters of the hydrologic model;
the hydrodynamic model parameter initialization module is used for coupling a hydrodynamic model parameter set, and carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrodynamic model parameter set and the sensitive area so as to initialize the parameters of the hydrodynamic model;
And the parameter optimization module is used for judging whether the user inputs actual measurement data, and if so, adopting a genetic algorithm to sequentially optimize the parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
Preferably, the data analysis and visualization unit comprises:
The model effect evaluation module is used for judging whether a user inputs actual measurement data, if so, respectively outputting simulation data of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model, a comparison chart of the actual measurement data and deviation between the simulation data and the actual measurement data; the deviation includes at least a root mean square error, a relative error, and a correlation coefficient.
Preferably, the data analysis and visualization unit is further configured to display a flooding range and a flood evolution process of the sensitive area, and acquire a flooding characteristic.
Preferably, the data analysis and visualization unit further comprises:
The animation display module is used for displaying the flooding range and the flood evolution process of the sensitive area according to the simulation data of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model and by adopting animation; the animation comprises a submerged water depth animation and a flood flow field animation;
And the flooding characteristic acquisition module is used for acquiring the average flooding time, the average flooding water depth, the average flow rate and the maximum flow rate of each land utilization type according to the land utilization type and the flood evolution process of the sensitive area.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid modeling method of a rapid modeling system as described above, including:
Reading and processing the torrential flood modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the mountain torrent modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area designates an estimated mountain torrent basin for a user;
Coupling a hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model, acquiring characteristic parameters of a sub-watershed required by parameter estimation of the hydrological model according to the data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to the sensitive area; the sub-basin characteristic parameters at least comprise basin area, basin average elevation, basin average gradient and basin gradient standard deviation;
coupling a hydrologic model parameter set and a hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when a user inputs actual measurement data; the hydrographic model parameter set comprises hydrographic model parameters corrected based on a plurality of watercourses, the hydrographic model parameter set comprises a plurality of hydrodynamic friction coefficients of the underlying surface, and the measured data comprises measured upstream inflow data and measured flood evolution data of the sensitive area;
and evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
Compared with the prior art, the rapid modeling system and method for the torrent small-basin hydrokinetic model have the beneficial effects that: the professionality and the complexity of the mountain torrent hydrodynamic modeling are reduced, and the transplanting efficiency and the flood early warning and forecasting capacity of the mountain torrent hydrodynamic model are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rapid modeling system for a torrent small-basin hydrodynamic model according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data preprocessing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model building and operating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrodynamic model calculation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a model parameter optimization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data analysis and visualization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flow chart of a rapid modeling method for a torrent small-river basin hydrodynamic model according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a rapid modeling system for a torrent small-river basin hydrokinetic model, which comprises: the system comprises a data preprocessing unit 1, a model construction and operation unit 2, a model parameter optimization unit 3 and a data analysis and visualization unit 4.
The data preprocessing unit 1 is used for reading and processing the torrent modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area.
Because the torrential flood modeling process involves a plurality of data, the data has different storage formats and storage media, and the data needs to be processed into a format which can be directly called by the model. The present embodiment realizes reading and processing of im files, & shp files, & csv files, & xls files, & xlsx files, & txt files, netCDF files, and binary files, and the like.
Specifically, the torrential flood modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area is a mountain torrent river basin which is appointed by a user and is evaluated, such as villages and river courses which are in the river basin and are required to be protected in a major way.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data, soil property data, and weather climate data are pre-stored in China, and a user only needs to provide actual measurement hydrologic data and high resolution DEM topographic data of a sensitive area to perform modeling. It will be appreciated that the pre-stored data is for a user lacking data, and if the user has prepared all the data, the modeling can be performed based on the data gathered by the user.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the data preprocessing unit 1 includes:
the data reading module 11 is used for reading the mountain torrent modeling data and drawing a sensitive area according to the DEM topographic data; specifically, the sensitive area is mapped by dragging the DEM.
The river basin boundary obtaining module 12 is configured to obtain a mountain torrent river basin boundary according to the outflow port position of the sensitive area, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
Specifically, according to the outflow port position of the sensitive area, the depression filling, flow direction and confluence calculation are automatically carried out based on DEM topographic data and a D8 algorithm, so that the mountain torrent basin boundary is obtained and further processed into grid maps with different resolutions.
The river network distribution acquisition module 13 is used for acquiring river network distribution in the mountain flood flow domain according to DEM topographic data;
a sub-river basin boundary obtaining module 14, configured to determine an inflow port position of the sensitive area according to an intersection point of the river network and the sensitive area, and obtain a torrential flood sub-river basin boundary according to the inflow port position, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
specifically, according to the inflow port position of the sensitive area, the depression filling, flow direction and confluence calculation are automatically carried out based on DEM topographic data and a D8 algorithm, so that the mountain torrent sub-basin boundary is obtained and further processed into grid maps with different resolutions.
The sub-river basin spatial distribution data acquisition module 15 is used for cutting and resampling the spatial distribution data according to the boundary of the mountain torrent sub-river basin to obtain the spatial distribution data of each mountain torrent sub-river basin;
Specifically, the spatial distribution data is automatically cut according to the boundary of the torrent sub-watershed, and resampling is carried out on the spatial distribution data in a bilinear interpolation mode to obtain the spatial distribution data of each torrent sub-watershed.
The data set obtaining module 16 is configured to merge site observation data into corresponding torrent sub-watershed according to the site observation position and the torrent sub-watershed boundary, so as to obtain a data set applicable to hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area;
specifically, according to the site observation position and the boundary of the mountain torrent sub-basin, merging the site observation data into the corresponding mountain torrent sub-basin according to the principle of the nearest distance to obtain a dataset of the mountain torrent basin where the sensitive area is and the mountain torrent sub-basin thereof. The site observation data at least comprises rainfall and runoff. For lattice point data where the site observation data is not spatially distributed, the present embodiment provides a Thiessen polygon method and an arithmetic average method for user selection to process the site observation data into spatially distributed data.
Further, the data preprocessing unit 1 further includes:
the time-series data processing module 17 is configured to perform quality detection on the time-series data, and delete an outlier of the time-series data and a missing value of the interpolation time-series data according to the detection result.
Partial data, especially time series data, may have the problems of missing or discontinuous, etc., the mountain torrent modeling needs to uniformly arrange the data, perform data quality analysis and interpolation, and finally form a format meeting the model requirement. The actually measured hydrological data collected by the embodiment causes the missing of partial time period data due to the problems of power supply of the observation equipment and old and updated equipment, and meanwhile, obvious errors occur in the partial time period data. In this regard, the time-series data processing module 17 as described above interpolates the missing data by time-series analysis and collates the data, and the specific rules are as follows:
1. if the missing data in the sequence is sporadically distributed, performing interpolation by adopting polynomial fitting;
2. If more than 5 data and less than 10 data are continuously missing in the sequence (the specific threshold value can be determined by a user), different processing modes are adopted for different data types, specifically: if the data is the underlying data, transplanting is carried out according to the earlier similar period; if the data are hydrologic data, fitting interpolation is carried out according to the early hydrologic relationship and the rainfall relationship;
3. If more than 10 data are continuously missing in the sequence (the specific threshold value can be determined by the user), different processing modes are adopted for different data types, specifically: if the data is weather data, the user is directly prompted to collect other data supplements; if the data are actually measured hydrologic data, all values of the sequence are assigned to be null values and do not participate in subsequent comparison calculation.
The model construction and operation unit 2 is used for coupling the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model, acquiring the characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed required by the parameter estimation of the hydrologic model according to the data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to the sensitive area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the model construction and operation unit 2 includes:
a hydrologic hydrodynamic model coupling module 21 for coupling a hydrologic model and a hydrodynamic model;
The present embodiment couples one hydrologic model for calculating the upstream water coming process and one hydrodynamic model for calculating the flood progress of the sensitive area. Specifically, the preferred hydrological model of this embodiment is a lumped hydrological model, and the hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional shallow water equation. Particularly, the lumped hydrologic model is preferably Varkarst model, which has few parameters and shows good simulation effect in the soil-stone mountain area and the karst complex area. Of course, other lumped hydrologic models, such as the new anjiang model, can be coupled to the present embodiment.
A sub-basin characteristic parameter obtaining module 22, configured to set a torrent sub-basin simulated by the lumped hydrological model according to the data set, and count the characteristic parameters of the torrent basin required by the parameter estimation of the lumped hydrological model in the torrent sub-basin;
Specifically, according to the grid map and the extracted river network distribution divided in the data preprocessing unit 1, the intersection point of the sensitive area and the river channel is combined to identify the inflow port and the outflow port, so that the mountain torrent sub-river basin simulated by the lumped hydrologic model is automatically set, and the characteristic parameters of the sub-river basin required by the parameter estimation of the lumped hydrologic model are automatically counted in the mountain torrent sub-river basin. The sub-river basin characteristic parameters at least comprise river basin area, river basin average elevation, river basin average gradient and river basin gradient standard deviation.
The hydrodynamic model calculation module 23 is used for meshing the sensitive area and setting boundary conditions so as to solve a two-dimensional shallow water equation in the sensitive area.
To achieve the high efficiency of the torrential flood hydrologic simulation, the hydrodynamic model is calculated only in the sensitive area. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the hydrodynamic model calculation module 23 includes:
The grid division module 23-A is used for dividing the grid of the sensitive area by adopting finite element analysis to obtain a finite element grid corresponding to the sensitive area;
Specifically, the finite element analysis is adopted to carry out grid division on the sensitive area, a finite element grid is generated, and encryption is carried out according to the digital height Cheng Shixian grid of the sensitive area.
A boundary condition setting module 23-B for setting a boundary condition of the sensitive area based on the finite element mesh;
Specifically, the boundary conditions at least comprise an inflow boundary condition and a lower boundary condition, the inflow boundary condition is the water level and flow process of the inflow opening which is obtained by the lumped hydrologic model and changes along with time, and the calculation of the hydrodynamic model is seriously influenced by time steps, so that the simulation result of the lumped hydrologic model is automatically interpolated on a time sequence through linear interpolation to meet the time step requirement of the hydrodynamic model.
The lower boundary condition is the open boundary or the water level and flow rate course of the measured outflow port over time. In this embodiment, the lower boundary condition is set as an open boundary by default, and if the user has lower boundary actual measurement data, the lower boundary condition can be set as a water level and flow process of actually measuring the change of the outflow port along with time.
Further, since the topography in the sensitive area is complicated, embankments, depressions, villages, farms, hills, etc. may exist, the boundary conditions other than the inflow boundary condition and the lower boundary condition employ dry and wet boundary conditions.
The equation solving module 23-C is used for solving a two-dimensional shallow water equation according to boundary conditions and in combination with finite element analysis.
The model parameter optimization unit 3 is used for coupling the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing the parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when the user inputs actual measurement data.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the model parameter optimizing unit 3 includes:
the hydrological model parameter acquisition module 31 is used for coupling a hydrological model parameter set, and constructing a relation between hydrological model parameters and sub-watershed characteristic parameters according to the hydrological model parameter set by adopting machine learning;
Specifically, the set of hydrological model parameters includes hydrological model parameters corrected based on a plurality of waterbasins. The preferred hydrologic model parameter set of the embodiment is Varkarst model parameters based on global 3000 large, medium and small watershed correction, and a machine learning method is adopted to establish the relation between Varkarst model parameters and characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed on the basis.
A hydrologic model parameter initialization module 32, configured to perform parameter assignment on the hydrologic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the relationship, so as to initialize parameters of the hydrologic model;
a hydrodynamic model parameter initialization module 33, configured to couple a hydrodynamic model parameter set, and perform parameter assignment on the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrodynamic model parameter set and the sensitive area, so as to initialize parameters of the hydrodynamic model;
specifically, the embodiment is coupled with a parameter set of a two-dimensional shallow water equation, wherein the parameter set of the hydrodynamic model comprises various hydrodynamic friction coefficients of the underlying surface, and the parameter set is obtained through a literature investigation mode. And directly assigning the parameters of the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrodynamic model parameter set, the land utilization type of the sensitive area and the terrain.
The parameter optimization module 34 is configured to determine whether the user inputs the measured data, and if so, sequentially optimize parameters of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model using a genetic algorithm.
It should be noted that, parameter optimization cannot be performed unless the actual measurement data is input, that is, the actual measurement data is available. The measured data comprise measured upstream incoming water data and measured flood evolution data of a sensitive area. Therefore, the embodiment judges whether the user inputs the measured data, and if so, the genetic algorithm is adopted to sequentially optimize the parameters of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model.
Specifically, the parameter optimization objective function is the root mean square error between the simulated data and the measured data. And if a certain group of model parameters enable the root mean square error between the simulation data and the measured data to be minimum, the group of parameters are considered to be the optimal parameter group. Further, in the genetic algorithm described above, the number of parameters to be optimized is set as the total number of parameters of the target model, the number of individuals of the sub-population, the maximum number of genetics, generation gap, and the binary accuracy are set as 35, 100, 0.6, and 10 by default, and the number of cycles is set as 1000 by default, respectively. The parameters of the genetic algorithm can be directly default values or reset according to actual needs.
The data analysis and visualization unit 4 is used for evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the data analysis and visualization unit 4 includes:
the model effect evaluation module 41 is configured to determine whether the user inputs actual measurement data, and if so, output a comparison chart of simulation data and actual measurement data of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model, and a deviation between the simulation data and the actual measurement data, respectively;
specifically, the deviation includes at least a root mean square error, a relative error, and a correlation coefficient.
Further, the data analysis and visualization unit 4 of this embodiment is further configured to display a flooding range and a flood evolutionary process of the sensitive area, and obtain a flooding characteristic.
Specifically, the data analysis and visualization unit 4 further includes:
the animation display module 42 is configured to display a flooding range and a flood evolution process of the sensitive area according to the simulation data of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model and by using animation;
in particular, the animation includes a submerged water depth animation and a flood flow field animation. Wherein, the submerged depth is expressed by different colors, and the frame interval time of the animation can be set by a user independently. The preferred range of frame interval values for this embodiment is 1 second to 30 minutes.
And the flooding characteristic obtaining module 43 is configured to obtain an average flooding time, an average flooding depth, an average flow rate and a maximum flow rate of each land utilization type according to the land utilization type and the flood evolution process of the sensitive area. And flood disaster assessment is facilitated for users by counting the submerged characteristics of different land utilization types.
It should be noted that, the data analysis and visualization unit 4 of this embodiment may also output a process and a data table of time-varying water level, flow rate and flow velocity of a designated location in the sensitive area selected by the user.
The rapid modeling system for the torrent small-basin hydrodynamic model provided by the embodiment of the invention reduces the professionality and complexity of torrent hydrodynamic modeling and improves the transplanting efficiency and the flood early warning and forecasting capability of the torrent hydrodynamic model.
As shown in fig. 7, based on the rapid modeling system of the hydrodynamics model of the torrent small river basin, the embodiment of the invention further provides a rapid modeling method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, reading and processing mountain torrent modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of a sensitive area;
Specifically, the torrential flood modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area designates an assessed mountain torrent basin for the user.
S2, coupling the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model, acquiring characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed required by parameter estimation of the hydrological model according to a data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to a sensitive area;
Specifically, the sub-basin characteristic parameters include at least basin area, basin mean altitude, basin mean slope, and basin slope standard deviation.
S3, coupling the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when a user inputs actual measurement data;
specifically, the hydrological model parameter set includes hydrological model parameters corrected based on a plurality of watercourses, the hydrodynamic model parameter set includes hydrodynamic friction coefficients of various underlying surfaces, and the measured data includes measured upstream inflow data and measured flood evolution data of sensitive areas.
S4, evaluating simulation effects of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
It should be noted that, the specific limitation of the above-mentioned rapid modeling method is referred to above for limitation of a rapid modeling system for a hydrographic model of a small mountain torrent river basin, and the two have the same functions and roles, and are not described herein.
In summary, the rapid modeling system and the rapid modeling method for the torrent small-basin hydrodynamic model reduce the professionality and the complexity of the torrent hydrodynamic model and improve the transplantation efficiency and the flood disaster early warning and forecasting capability of the torrent hydrodynamic model.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and all the embodiments are directly the same or similar parts referring to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the method embodiments, since they are substantially similar to the system embodiments, the description is relatively simple, with reference to the partial description of the system embodiments being relevant. It should be noted that, any combination of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments may be used, and for brevity, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A torrent small-basin hydrokinetic model rapid modeling system, comprising: the system comprises a data preprocessing unit, a model construction and operation unit, a model parameter optimization unit and a data analysis and visualization unit;
the data preprocessing unit is used for reading and processing the torrent modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the mountain torrent modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area designates an estimated mountain torrent basin for a user;
The model construction and operation unit is used for coupling a hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model, acquiring characteristic parameters of a sub-watershed required by parameter estimation of the hydrological model according to the data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to the sensitive area; the sub-basin characteristic parameters at least comprise basin area, basin average elevation, basin average gradient and basin gradient standard deviation;
The model parameter optimization unit is used for coupling a hydrologic model parameter set and a hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when a user inputs actual measurement data; the hydrographic model parameter set comprises hydrographic model parameters corrected based on a plurality of watercourses, the hydrographic model parameter set comprises a plurality of hydrodynamic friction coefficients of the underlying surface, and the measured data comprises measured upstream inflow data and measured flood evolution data of the sensitive area;
the data analysis and visualization unit is used for evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
2. The rapid modeling system of claim 1, wherein the data preprocessing unit comprises:
the data reading module is used for reading the torrential flood modeling data and drawing the sensitive area according to the DEM topographic data;
The river basin boundary acquisition module is used for acquiring a mountain torrent river basin boundary according to the outflow port position of the sensitive area, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
The river network distribution acquisition module is used for acquiring river network distribution in the mountain flood flow domain according to the DEM topographic data;
The sub-river basin boundary acquisition module is used for determining the position of an inflow opening of the sensitive area according to the intersection point of the river network and the sensitive area, and obtaining a mountain torrent sub-river basin boundary according to the position of the inflow opening, DEM topographic data and a river basin extraction algorithm;
The sub-river basin spatial distribution data acquisition module is used for cutting and resampling the spatial distribution data according to the boundary of the mountain torrent sub-river basin to obtain the spatial distribution data of each mountain torrent sub-river basin;
The data set acquisition module is used for merging site observation data into the corresponding mountain torrent sub-basin according to the site observation position and the mountain torrent sub-basin boundary to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the site observation data includes at least rainfall and runoff.
3. The rapid modeling system of claim 2, wherein the data preprocessing unit further comprises:
And the time sequence data processing module is used for carrying out quality detection on the time sequence data, and deleting abnormal values of the time sequence data and interpolating missing values of the time sequence data according to detection results.
4. The rapid modeling system of claim 1, wherein the model building and operation unit comprises:
the hydrologic hydrodynamic model coupling module is used for coupling a hydrologic model and a hydrodynamic model; the hydrologic model is a lumped hydrologic model, and the hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional shallow water equation;
the sub-river basin characteristic parameter acquisition module is used for setting a mountain torrent sub-river basin simulated by the lumped hydrological model according to the data set, and counting sub-river basin characteristic parameters required by parameter estimation of the lumped hydrological model in the mountain torrent sub-river basin;
And the hydrodynamic model calculation module is used for meshing the sensitive area and setting boundary conditions so as to solve the two-dimensional shallow water equation in the sensitive area.
5. The rapid modeling system of claim 4, wherein the hydrodynamic model calculation module comprises:
the grid division module is used for carrying out grid division on the sensitive area by adopting finite element analysis to obtain a finite element grid corresponding to the sensitive area;
A boundary condition setting module, configured to set a boundary condition of the sensitive area based on the finite element mesh; the boundary conditions at least comprise an inflow boundary condition and a lower boundary condition, wherein the inflow boundary condition is a water level and flow rate process of the inflow port which is obtained by the lumped hydrological model and is changed along with time, and the lower boundary condition is an open boundary or a water level and flow rate process of the actually measured outflow port which is changed along with time;
and the equation solving module is used for solving the two-dimensional shallow water equation according to the boundary condition and in combination with the finite element analysis.
6. The rapid modeling system of claim 1, wherein the model parameter optimization unit comprises:
The hydrological model parameter acquisition module is used for coupling a hydrological model parameter set, and constructing a relation between hydrological model parameters and the characteristic parameters of the sub-watershed by adopting machine learning according to the hydrological model parameter set;
the hydrologic model parameter initialization module is used for carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the relation so as to initialize the parameters of the hydrologic model;
the hydrodynamic model parameter initialization module is used for coupling a hydrodynamic model parameter set, and carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrodynamic model parameter set and the sensitive area so as to initialize the parameters of the hydrodynamic model;
And the parameter optimization module is used for judging whether the user inputs actual measurement data, and if so, adopting a genetic algorithm to sequentially optimize the parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
7. The rapid modeling system of claim 1, wherein the data analysis and visualization unit comprises:
The model effect evaluation module is used for judging whether a user inputs actual measurement data, if so, respectively outputting simulation data of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model, a comparison chart of the actual measurement data and deviation between the simulation data and the actual measurement data; the deviation includes at least a root mean square error, a relative error, and a correlation coefficient.
8. The rapid modeling system of claim 1, wherein the data analysis and visualization unit is further configured to demonstrate a flooding scope and a flood progress of the sensitive area and to obtain a flooding signature.
9. The rapid modeling system of claim 7, wherein the data analysis and visualization unit further comprises:
The animation display module is used for displaying the flooding range and the flood evolution process of the sensitive area according to the simulation data of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model and by adopting animation; the animation comprises a submerged water depth animation and a flood flow field animation;
And the flooding characteristic acquisition module is used for acquiring the average flooding time, the average flooding water depth, the average flow rate and the maximum flow rate of each land utilization type according to the land utilization type and the flood evolution process of the sensitive area.
10. A rapid modeling method of a rapid modeling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
Reading and processing the torrential flood modeling data to obtain a data set suitable for hydrodynamics simulation of the sensitive area; the mountain torrent modeling data comprises spatial distribution data and time sequence data, wherein the spatial distribution data at least comprises DEM topographic data, leaf area index, land utilization data and soil property data, and the time sequence data at least comprises weather climate data and actually measured hydrologic data; the sensitive area designates an estimated mountain torrent basin for a user;
Coupling a hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model, acquiring characteristic parameters of a sub-watershed required by parameter estimation of the hydrological model according to the data set, and calculating the hydrodynamic model according to the sensitive area; the sub-basin characteristic parameters at least comprise basin area, basin average elevation, basin average gradient and basin gradient standard deviation;
coupling a hydrologic model parameter set and a hydrodynamic model parameter set, respectively carrying out parameter assignment on the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model according to the hydrologic model parameter set and the hydrodynamic model parameter set, and optimizing parameters of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model by adopting an optimization algorithm when a user inputs actual measurement data; the hydrographic model parameter set comprises hydrographic model parameters corrected based on a plurality of watercourses, the hydrographic model parameter set comprises a plurality of hydrodynamic friction coefficients of the underlying surface, and the measured data comprises measured upstream inflow data and measured flood evolution data of the sensitive area;
and evaluating the simulation effect of the hydrologic model and the hydrodynamic model.
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