CN117928366A - Detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of micro steel member - Google Patents
Detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of micro steel member Download PDFInfo
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- CN117928366A CN117928366A CN202311549745.9A CN202311549745A CN117928366A CN 117928366 A CN117928366 A CN 117928366A CN 202311549745 A CN202311549745 A CN 202311549745A CN 117928366 A CN117928366 A CN 117928366A
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of a tiny steel member, and belongs to the field of research and development of advanced engineering optical fiber sensing devices in structural health monitoring technology. And the FBG sensor packaged by the transparent silicone rubber cylinder is poured on the sheet-shaped silicone rubber basal layer containing the hollow layer by utilizing the flexible silicone rubber mucus, and the hollow layer is used for placing the pluggable flexible magnet sheet so as to provide magnetic force to adsorb the FBG sensor packaged by the flexible silicone rubber on the surface of the tested steel member, namely the flexible magnetic FBG sensor. After the test is finished, the magnetic force is eliminated through the magnetic force control switch, and the silicon rubber encapsulated sheet FBG sensor is separated from the tested structure by itself, so that the sensor is convenient to dismount, recycle and reuse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of structural health monitoring and advanced engineering optical fiber sensing device research and development, and relates to a detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation testing of a micro steel member.
Background
In recent years, global track traffic equipment markets as a whole present a strong growing situation. The first matrix in the global track traffic equipment field in China is established to be a relatively complete manufacturing system, and the overall development situation is relatively good.
The height valve is easy to wear and clamping due to small changes of the performance of the height valve after localization. Or the problems of more installation and the quality of the ball head of the connecting rod of the height valve lead to the abnormal external force in the non-working direction of the height valve, so that the height valve is eccentric, and abnormal abrasion is caused. Such faults may pose a serious hazard to rail transit safety. First, a stuck high valve failure can cause the locomotive to fail to brake or release brake normally, which can affect safe operation of rail transit. In the occasions requiring high-precision braking such as high-speed trains, if the height valve cannot work normally, the locomotive can be caused to be in braking failure or insufficient in braking, so that traffic accidents are caused, and serious threats are caused to lives and properties of passengers and pedestrians. Second, a stuck high valve failure may also result in reduced energy efficiency and increased maintenance costs for the locomotive. If the altitude valve fails to function properly, it may result in a decrease in the braking capacity of the locomotive, thereby increasing the energy consumption and operating costs of the locomotive. In addition, if the altitude valve fails, the locomotive needs to be repaired or replaced, which increases maintenance costs and downtime of the locomotive, affecting normal operation of the rail transit. In this context, real-time structural health monitoring of rail transit locomotive altitude valves is essential.
Because the structures in the height valve of the rail transit locomotive are all tiny mechanical steel components, the requirements on the monitoring sensor are very high. The traditional sensor is large in mass and size, is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference, can generate additional mass to steel components, influences the normal running state of the height valve, can be influenced by environmental noise in actual monitoring, and cannot guarantee monitoring quality. In addition, because the operation time of the urban rail transit locomotive is long, the overhaul skylight time is very limited, and the overhaul window time is only about 4 hours a day, so that the installation, debugging and disassembly time of the sensor is very urgent, and the difficulty of monitoring the altitude valve is definitely increased. Therefore, there is a need to develop a detachable and easy-to-install sensor suitable for deformation testing of tiny steel members. At present, a plurality of acceleration sensors are provided with magnetic bases and can be conveniently arranged on the surface of a steel structure. However, because of its large size and weight, it is difficult to attach to the fine steel member, and even if it is attached, the normal motion state of the structure is affected by the generation of additional mass, resulting in low reliability and accuracy of measurement data in operation monitoring. Therefore, the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is considered to be a first sensor for monitoring the structure of a fine mechanical steel member such as a height valve and the like, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight, fire prevention, explosion prevention, corrosion resistance, absolute test, high sensitivity, no electromagnetic interference and the like. Currently, the major problem faced by FBG sensors in the monitoring of fine mechanical steel components (e.g., altitude valve attachment mechanisms) is the difficulty of installation. For example, the altitude valve is located at the bottom of the rail transit locomotive, the installation space is narrow, the installation environment is worse, the operation time is limited, a longer installation period can be required by adopting a conventional glue adhesion mode, and the installation quality is difficult to control.
Therefore, the detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for the deformation test of the tiny steel member is provided, and the core of the sensor is that the FBG sensor is formed into a sheet-shaped sensor by adopting flexible silicon rubber to package FBG, and simultaneously, a hollow flexible silicon rubber substrate layer is poured at the bottom of a sheet-shaped silicon rubber layer embedded with FBG sensing elements and is used for placing a flexible magnet sheet containing strong magnetic force. The FBG sensor is rapidly installed on the surface of the micro mechanical steel member by utilizing the adsorption force of the magnet sheet, and the steel member transmits the action of the steel member to the FBG sensing element through the flexible silicon rubber layer in the moving process, so that rapid installation and measurement are realized. When the flexible thin magnet sheet is removed, the silicon rubber encapsulated flake FBG sensor is automatically detached, so that the encapsulated FBG sensing element is recovered. When the next measurement is carried out, the process is repeated, so that the FBG sensor can be quickly installed, detached and easily recycled, the problems of urgent sensor time and the like of the window period test layout of the micro mechanical steel component are solved, and the high-efficiency, low-carbon and scientific application of the sensing resources is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor design method suitable for deformation test of a tiny steel member, which aims to solve the problems of the traditional method: the sensor is required to be adhered to the steel member through glue, is easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, dust and the like, and has long operation time and difficult control of installation quality; the process of dismantling the sensor is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the sensor cannot be reused; the mounting mode is complicated, so that the positions of the measurable points are limited, the mounting and the dismounting are inconvenient, and the working efficiency is low.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A design method of a detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of a tiny steel member comprises the following implementation steps: according to the geometric dimension and test requirement of the tested micro-small steel member, a flexible transparent silicon rubber cylinder packaging FBG sensor with corresponding model and a sheet silicon rubber substrate layer containing a hollow layer are designed, in order to ensure that deformation can be well transmitted to a sensing FBG, the plane dimension of the substrate layer is longer than that of the flexible transparent silicon rubber cylinder packaging layer, and the thickness of the substrate layer can be comprehensively regulated and selected by analysis and comprehensive regulation of a flexible magnet sheet and a strain transmission theory; and then the FBG sensor packaged by the transparent silicone rubber cylinder is poured on a sheet-shaped silicone rubber substrate layer containing a hollow layer, and the hollow layer is used for placing an pluggable flexible magnet sheet so as to provide magnetic force to adsorb the FBG sensor packaged by the transparent silicone rubber on the surface of a tested steel member, namely the flexible magnetic FBG sensor, wherein the top surface of the FBG sensor is an arc-shaped curved surface, the bottom surface of the FBG sensor is a plane (shown in figure 1), and the strong magnetic force of the pluggable flexible magnet sheet placed on the hollow layer is controlled by a magnetic switch in the center of one side (shown in figures 2-3). In the installation process, the flexible magnet sheet is inserted into the silicon rubber substrate layer, the magnetic force is kept in a closed state, then the flexible magnetic FBG sensor is placed in the circumferential direction or the axial direction (as shown in figure 4) of the micro steel member to be detected, the switch is started, and the magnetic force of the flexible magnet sheet is utilized to adsorb the flexible silicon rubber encapsulated sheet FBG sensor on the surface of the detected steel member, so that the rapid installation of the sensor is realized. During testing, deformation and vibration of the micro mechanical steel member are transmitted to the FBG sensing element through the flexible silicon rubber thin layer, and transmission errors caused by packaging influence can be corrected through relevant calibration experiments or strain transmission theoretical formulas, so that the effectiveness and reliability of measurement are ensured, and the accuracy is high. After the test is finished, the magnetic force can be eliminated through the magnetic force control switch, and the silicon rubber encapsulated sheet FBG sensor is separated from the tested structure by itself, so that the sensor is convenient to dismount and recycle. After the flexible silicon rubber encapsulated sheet-shaped FBG sensor is not used for a long time, the flexible magnet sheets can be taken out from the hollow layer and respectively stored for efficient storage.
The flexible magnet sheet has plasticity and softness, and can be self-adaptively adsorbed on the axial and annular curved surfaces of the micro steel member through the magnetic force effect. The chamfer around the magnet sheet is in an arc shape so as to ensure that the magnet sheet has no local concentrated force effect on the silicon rubber packaging layer in the deformation measurement process and influence the cooperative deformation characteristic of the flaky silicon rubber substrate layer. The magnetic force N provided by the magnet sheet is designed according to the following formula, so that the packaged sensor is firmly fixed on the surface of the detected steel member, and the stability and reliability of the sensor are ensured:
N＝μτA (1)
Wherein μ is the contact interface coefficient of friction; τ is the maximum shear stress of the interface of the sheet-shaped silicon rubber substrate layer contacted with the surface of the steel member, and the value of τ can be determined by a shear stress formula of a strain transfer theoretical model; a is the cross-sectional area of the sheet-like silicone rubber substrate layer.
The flexible transparent silicone rubber cylinder packaging layer and the sheet-shaped silicone rubber basal layer can be prepared from a mixed solution formed by mixing and solidifying SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Base and SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer CuringAgent according to a ratio of 10:1, and can be prepared from a silicone elastomer formed by solidifying, or can be prepared from a flexible transparent elastic colloid with an equivalent bonding function, such as quick set epoxy RS132-605.
The invention has the following effects and benefits: the flexible magnetic FBG sensor with convenient disassembly and assembly and the design method thereof are provided for the deformation and vibration test of the micro mechanical steel member, the problems that the FBG sensor is difficult to assemble, difficult to adjust and control in quality, difficult to disassemble, and resource recycling in the axial and circumferential deformation test of the micro mechanical steel member are solved, the sensor with high flexibility and wide application range, which can adapt to the curved surface shape test of the micro mechanical steel member, is provided for the detection of the mechanical steel member, the disassembly and repeated use functions of the FBG sensor are realized, and the additional influence on the micro mechanical steel member is avoided; the sensor is fixed by utilizing the magnetic force action of the magnet sheet, the installation quality of the sensor is easy to control, and the monitoring accuracy and long-term stability are ensured; the development of the technology of arranging, installing, disassembling and recycling the optical fiber (containing FBG) sensing components in the deformation testing process of the steel structure is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view and a cross-sectional view of a flexible magnetically attractable FBG sensor.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a flexible magnetically attractable FBG sensor.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the flexible magnet sheet and the on and off states of the magnetic force control switch.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a flexible magnetic FBG sensor testing system
In the figure: fbg;2. a flexible transparent silicone rubber elastic cylinder; 3. a sheet-like silicone rubber substrate layer comprising a hollow layer; 4. an optical fiber lead; 5. bai Taoguan; 6. a flexible magnet sheet; 7. a magnetic switch; 8. a magnetic force on state; 9. a magnetic off state; 10. a minute steel member; 11. a magnetic FBG sensor for measuring axial deformation; 12. a magnetic FBG sensor for measuring circumferential deformation; 13. an optical fiber jumper; fbg demodulation device; 15. a net wire; 16. visual data analysis device
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following technical schemes (and accompanying drawings).
A detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of a tiny steel member is shown in the accompanying drawings 1-2 in top view, cross section and side view, the structure of a flexible magnet sheet is shown in the accompanying drawings 3, and a flexible magnetic FBG sensor test system is shown in the accompanying drawings 4.
A detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of a tiny steel member, and the design method and implementation mode thereof are as follows:
According to the geometric dimension and test requirement of the tested micro steel member 10, designing a flexible transparent silicone rubber elastic cylinder 2 of a corresponding model to package FBG1 sensing elements and a sheet-shaped silicone rubber basal layer 3 containing a hollow layer, wherein the optical fiber leads 4 at two ends of the FBG1 are sleeved with white sleeves 5 at transition positions at two ends extending out of the flexible transparent silicone rubber elastic cylinder 2 so as to protect the optical fiber leads 4 from being bent or sheared; the magnetic force magnitude and shape of the flexible magnet sheet 6 and the magnetic force switch 7 are designed according to the formula (1), so that the flexible magnet sheet is embedded in the hollow position of the sheet-shaped silicon rubber substrate layer 3, and the flexible silicon rubber packaging FBG sensor is adsorbed on the surface of the tested micro steel member 10 under the action of magnetic force. In the installation process, the magnetic force closing state 9 of the magnetic force switch 7 is maintained, then the magnetic attraction type FBG sensor 11 for measuring the axial deformation and the magnetic attraction type FBG sensor 12 for measuring the circumferential deformation are respectively arranged in the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the micro steel member 10 to be measured, and finally the magnetic force switch 7 is rotated to the magnetic force opening state 8, namely, the sensor is adsorbed on the surface of the micro steel member 10 to be measured by utilizing the magnetic force action of the flexible magnet sheet 6, so that the rapid installation of the sensor is realized. During testing, the sensor is connected to the FBG demodulation device 14 through the optical fiber jumper 13 and connected to the visual data analysis device 16 through the network cable 15, so that the reading and analysis of the test data can be realized. After the test is finished, the magnetic force is eliminated by controlling the magnetic switch 7, and the sensor is separated from the tested structure by itself, so that the sensor is conveniently removed, recycled and reused. The invention realizes the functions of disassembly, convenient installation and easy recycling of the FBG1 sensor through the flexible magnetic attraction design, and can be applied to the deformation monitoring of the micro steel member 10 in the fields of micro mechanical systems, medical appliances, aerospace and the like. The embodiments may be suitably adapted and modified according to the needs of a particular application.
Claims (1)
1. Detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of micro steel member, and is characterized in that: according to the geometric dimension and test requirement of the tested micro steel member (10), designing a flexible transparent silicone rubber elastic cylinder (2) of corresponding model to encapsulate an FBG (1) sensing element and a sheet-shaped silicone rubber basal layer (3) containing a hollow layer; the magnetic force magnitude, shape and magnetic force switch (7) of the flexible magnet sheet (6) are designed according to the formula (1), so that the flexible magnet sheet is embedded in the hollow position of the sheet-shaped silicon rubber substrate layer (3), and the magnetic force is provided to enable the flexible silicon rubber packaging FBG sensor to be adsorbed on the surface of the tested micro steel member (10). When the magnetic force sensor is installed, the magnetic force closing state (9) of the magnetic force switch (7) is maintained, the magnetic attraction type FBG sensor (11) for measuring axial deformation and the magnetic attraction type FBG sensor (12) for measuring circumferential deformation are respectively arranged, and then the magnetic force switch (7) is rotated to the magnetic force opening state (8), namely, the sensor is adsorbed on the surface of a detected micro steel member (10) by utilizing the magnetic force action of the flexible magnet sheet (6), so that the rapid installation of the sensor is realized. After the test is finished, the magnetic force is eliminated by controlling the magnetic force switch (7), and the sensor is separated from the tested structure by itself, so that the sensor is conveniently removed, recycled and reused.
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| CN202311549745.9A CN117928366A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of micro steel member |
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| CN202311549745.9A CN117928366A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Detachable and convenient-to-install flexible magnetic FBG sensor suitable for deformation test of micro steel member |
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