CN117908078A - Neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel - Google Patents
Neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117908078A CN117908078A CN202311624076.7A CN202311624076A CN117908078A CN 117908078 A CN117908078 A CN 117908078A CN 202311624076 A CN202311624076 A CN 202311624076A CN 117908078 A CN117908078 A CN 117908078A
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- Prior art keywords
- boron
- neutron
- aerogel
- containing aerogel
- neutron detector
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- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/008—Measuring neutron radiation using an ionisation chamber filled with a gas, liquid or solid, e.g. frozen liquid, dielectric
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron detectors, and particularly relates to a neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel. The neutron-sensitive layer 2 is made of boron-containing aerogel, the neutron-sensitive layer 2 can react with neutrons to generate charged particles, the anode wire can generate induction signals with the charged particles, and the induction signals can be used for reading information of the neutrons. The invention innovatively combines aerogel technology and a neutron detector, and uses the characteristics of low aerogel density and high void ratio as the neutron-sensitive layer 2 by using the boron-containing aerogel. The proportion of the voids in the boron-containing aerogel reaches more than 90%, the voids are filled with working gas, the thickness of a skeleton formed by the boron-containing materials surrounding the voids is in the nanometer level, and charged particles generated by the reaction of neutrons and 10 B can easily enter the working gas without losing excessive energy, so that the performance of the detector is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron detectors, and particularly relates to a neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel.
Background
Neutrons are one of nuclei of atomic nuclei, and are indispensable components of constituent atomic constituent substances. Neutrons are electrically neutral, are not affected by coulomb force, have strong penetrating power, are difficult to directly measure by a detector, and can only be detected by the secondary effect of the reaction of the neutrons with nuclei. Neutron measurement is very important for aerospace industry, space satellite detection, industrial production and safety, basic scientific research and the field of radiology.
The 3 He proportional counter invented in the 60 th century has the advantages of high neutron detection efficiency, stable performance and easy manufacture, and is the most widely used neutron detector at present. However, the natural abundance of 3 He resources is only 1.38x10 -6, the natural 3 He resources on earth is only about 500kg, and the extremely low content means that 3 He cannot be obtained from nature. At present 3 He can be produced only through decay of tritium, and has low yield and high price. Various countries are striving to find new neutron detection technologies that replace 3 He due to the shortage of 3 He.
The boron-coated tube neutron detector is an alternative scheme of 3 He proportional counter, the common boron-coated tube neutron detector is coated with 10 B material on the inner wall of a metal tube, and detects neutrons by utilizing 10B(n,α)7 Li nuclear reaction, the thickness of the boron coating is generally more than 1 mu m, the inside of the boron-containing material occurs due to the reaction, but the generated charged particles can be detected only when passing through the boron-containing material and entering the working gas, and in the process, the charged particles lose much energy to influence the detection of neutrons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a neutron detector using boron-containing aerogel as a boron-containing material, so that the energy loss of charged particles generated by the reaction of neutrons and 10 B is reduced, and the requirement of neutron detection is met.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the neutron detector based on the boron-containing aerogel comprises a neutron sensitive layer arranged on the inner surface of a metal tube and an anode wire positioned in the metal tube, wherein the neutron sensitive layer is made of the boron-containing aerogel, the neutron sensitive layer can react with neutrons to generate charged particles, the anode wire can generate induction signals with the charged particles, and the induction signals can be used for reading out the information of the neutrons.
Further, the boron-containing aerogel is a boron nitride aerogel.
Further, the anode wire is disposed at an axial position of the metal pipe.
Further, the anode wire is made of gold-plated tungsten wire.
Further, the two ends of the metal tube are provided with end faces, and the two ends of the anode wire are respectively fixed on the end faces of the two ends of the metal tube through positioning tubes.
Further, the anode wire is fixed on the positioning tube by a wire clamping and welding method.
Furthermore, the positioning tube is insulated with the inner wall of the side face of the metal tube by adopting a high-voltage-resistant material, and the fixing of the anode wire and the high-voltage extraction are realized through the positioning tube.
Further, the inside of the metal pipe is filled with a working gas.
Further, the working gas is a mixed gas of Ar and CO 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention innovatively combines aerogel technology and a neutron detector, and uses the characteristics of low aerogel density and high void ratio as the neutron-sensitive layer 2 by using the boron-containing aerogel. The proportion of the voids in the boron-containing aerogel reaches more than 90%, the voids are filled with working gas, the thickness of a skeleton formed by the boron-containing materials surrounding the voids is in the nanometer level, and charged particles generated by the reaction of neutrons and 10 B can easily enter the working gas without losing excessive energy, so that the performance of the detector is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a boron-containing aerogel-based neutron detector in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (axial view) of a boron-containing aerogel-based neutron detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the boron nitride aerogel used for the neutron-sensitive layer 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure: 1-metal tube, 2-neutron sensitive layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention provides a neutron detector (see fig. 1 and 2) based on boron-containing aerogel, wherein a detector main body is a proportional counter tube composed of a metal tube 1, a neutron sensitive layer 2 composed of boron-containing aerogel and anode wires, the neutron sensitive layer 2 is arranged on the inner surface of the metal tube 1, the anode wires are positioned in the metal tube 1, the neutron sensitive layer 2 is made of boron-containing aerogel, the neutron sensitive layer 2 can react with incident neutrons to generate charged particles, the anode wires can generate induction signals with the charged particles, and the induction signals can be used for reading neutron information.
The boron-containing aerogel is boron nitride aerogel, and the boron nitride aerogel can be prepared by pyrolysis of boric acid, melamine and tertiary butanol serving as raw materials under the condition of ammonia gas, and as shown in fig. 3, the microstructure of the boron nitride aerogel has a plurality of gaps, and the density is only 50mg/cm 3.
The anode wire is arranged at the axial position of the metal tube 1 and is made of gold-plated tungsten wires (the gold-plated tungsten wires have the advantages of high melting point, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance); the two ends of the metal tube 1 are provided with end faces, and the two ends of the anode wire are respectively fixed on the end faces of the two ends of the metal tube 1 through positioning tubes.
When in wire drawing, the anode wire passes through the positioning tube to ensure that the anode wire has certain tension, and then the anode wire is fixed on the positioning tube by a wire clamping and welding method.
The positioning tube is insulated with the inner wall of the side surface of the metal tube 1 by adopting high-voltage resistant materials, and the fixing of the anode wire and the high-voltage extraction are realized through the positioning tube.
The metal tube 1 is filled with a working gas, which is a mixed gas of Ar and CO 2.
The aerogel is a nano-scale porous solid material formed by replacing liquid phase in gel with gas in a certain drying mode through a sol-gel method, the boron-containing aerogel is adopted as a neutron absorption medium, the proportion of voids in the aerogel is more than 90%, the voids are filled with working gas, the thickness of a skeleton formed by the boron-containing material surrounding the voids is nano-scale, and charged particles generated by the reaction of neutrons and 10 B can easily enter the working gas without losing excessive energy.
The principle of the neutron detector based on the boron-containing aerogel provided by the invention is as follows:
The process of detecting neutrons by the detector comprises four processes of neutron generation, charged particle generation by the reaction of the neutrons and 10 B, charging of the charged particles into working gas, gas multiplication and signal reading.
Neutrons react with 10 B to produce charged particles: the incident neutrons and 10 B in the boron-containing material (neutron-sensitive layer 2) coated by the detector undergo a nuclear reaction comprising two reaction channels, of which the branching ratio 94% is: n+ 10B→α(1.47MeV)+7 Li (0.84 MeV) +gamma (478 keV), the branching ratio 6% is: n+ 10B→α(1.78MeV)+7 Li (1.01 MeV).
Charged particles enter the working gas: the charged particles generated by the nuclear reaction can easily enter the working gas in the void of the neutron-sensitive layer 2, and the energy loss of the charged particles is small in the process.
Gas multiplication: the working gas of the detector is selected from mixed gas of Ar and CO 2, charged particles pass through a coating (neutron sensitive layer 2) and enter the working gas to cause ionization to generate ion pairs, electrons drift along an electric field line to an anode wire, avalanche occurs in a high field intensity area close to the anode, and the gain of gas amplification is about 100 times.
Signal readout: the induction signal generated on the anode wire is led out to a pre-amplifier and a subsequent circuit for processing, and the information of the incident neutrons can be read out through a multichannel analyzer.
The device according to the invention is not limited to the examples described in the specific embodiments, and a person skilled in the art obtains other embodiments according to the technical solution of the invention, which also belong to the technical innovation scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel, characterized by: the device comprises a neutron sensitive layer (2) arranged on the inner surface of a metal tube (1) and an anode wire arranged in the metal tube (1), wherein the neutron sensitive layer (2) is made of boron-containing aerogel, the neutron sensitive layer (2) can react with neutrons to generate charged particles, the anode wire can generate induction signals with the charged particles, and the induction signals can be used for reading out information of the neutrons.
2. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 1, wherein: the boron-containing aerogel is boron nitride aerogel.
3. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 1, wherein: the anode wire is arranged at the axial position of the metal tube (1).
4. A boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector according to claim 3, wherein: the anode wire is made of gold-plated tungsten wire.
5. A boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector according to claim 3, wherein: the two ends of the metal tube (1) are provided with end faces, and the two ends of the anode wire are respectively fixed on the end faces at the two ends of the metal tube (1) through positioning tubes.
6. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 5, wherein: the anode wire is fixed on the positioning tube by a wire clamping and welding method.
7. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 6, wherein: the positioning tube is insulated with the inner wall of the side face of the metal tube (1) by adopting a high-voltage-resistant material, and the fixing of the anode wire and the high-voltage extraction are realized through the positioning tube.
8. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 1, wherein: the metal tube (1) is internally filled with a working gas.
9. The boron-containing aerogel based neutron detector of claim 8, wherein: the working gas is mixed gas of Ar and CO 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311624076.7A CN117908078A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311624076.7A CN117908078A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117908078A true CN117908078A (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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ID=90680611
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311624076.7A Pending CN117908078A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Neutron detector based on boron-containing aerogel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117908078A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-30 CN CN202311624076.7A patent/CN117908078A/en active Pending
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