CN117906877A - Fluid pipeline leakage detection and assessment method based on pressure response - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
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- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
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- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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Abstract
The invention provides a fluid (including gas and liquid) pipeline leakage detection and assessment method based on pressure response, which belongs to the field of fluid (including gas and liquid) transmission and mainly comprises the following steps: (a) fluid pipe network system analysis modeling; (B) a pressure source and system matching design; (C) pressure signal pulse width optimization; (D) system pressure response library establishment; (E) leak detection and evaluation system verification. The invention carries out modeling and calculation of mathematical model of the fluid pipe network system, designs and optimizes the leak detection system hardware and software based on pressure response, and finally carries out simulation verification, thereby solving the problems of complex structure, difficult leak detection and long time consumption of the fluid pipe network system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fluid (including gas and liquid) transmission, and relates to a hydraulic system leakage detection and assessment method based on pressure response.
Background
The fluid pipeline is widely applied to various systems of engineering machinery, such as a fuel system, an aircraft engine, a chemical pipe network system and the like, and has the advantages of complex structure, more connecting elements and more pipeline brackets. The components in the pipe network system are connected by pipelines to realize respective functions, and the corrosion and aging degrees of the pipelines are different according to the difference of the fluid pressure in the pipelines and the load bearing working conditions, if the pipelines leak, the internal flow characteristics are changed, the performance of the components is reduced, the system is invalid and the like; in the fields of chemical industry, manufacturing and the like, the escaped corrosive liquid can further cause safety accidents. In the case of aircraft engine lines, the aircraft is subjected to loads such as hydraulic system pressure (28 MPa), ambient temperature (-40-135 ℃) and body deformation, vibration and acceleration in a full flight profile, and these complex loads cause the lines to undergo strong coupling of flow fields, temperature fields and stress fields, in which case the line fault has become the main body of the aircraft manufacturing fault, accounting for 71% of the fault. Therefore, aiming at the problem of fluid pipeline faults, a state detection and evaluation technology is adopted, the health condition of a fluid pipe network is detected in real time through maintenance according to conditions, the leakage condition of the pipe network is rapidly judged, potential faults are found before accidents occur, and the operation reliability and safety of the fluid pipe network system are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that leakage faults of fluid (including gas and liquid) pipelines frequently occur and are difficult to detect, and provides a fluid pipeline leakage detection and assessment method based on pressure response. The internal rule between the built-in pressure process of the pipeline and the pipeline leakage is explored, the pipeline leakage modeling of the hydraulic system, the extraction of leakage characteristic values, the pressure impact response and the Fourier transform fusion method of pressure pulsation and the research of the leakage detection method are carried out, a pipeline leakage detection system of the hydraulic system is built, the simulation verification is carried out, the leakage detection and evaluation method of the hydraulic system based on the pressure response is provided, and support is provided for the safe operation and maintenance of the hydraulic system.
(II) technical scheme
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pressure response based fluid (including gas and liquid) line leak detection and assessment method comprising the steps of:
(A) Analyzing and modeling a fluid pipe network system;
(B) The pressure source is designed in a matched manner with the system;
(C) Optimizing the pulse width of the pressure signal;
(D) Establishing a system pressure response library;
(E) Checking a leakage detection and evaluation system;
the fluid pipe network system analysis modeling method in the step (A) comprises the following steps:
(1) Analyzing the composition of a fluid pipe network system, and counting the sizes of all the pipes of the pipe network;
(2) Establishing a mathematical model for a fluid pipe network system based on the geometric dimension, and calculating the pipe network volume;
(3) Deriving a fluid pipe network system control equation;
Where ρ is the fluid density, u is the flow rate, p is the fluid internal pressure, μ is the fluid shear viscosity coefficient, and λ is the fluid bulk viscosity coefficient.
(4) Calculating the pressure drop in the fluid pipe network system;
wherein lambda is the loss coefficient of the along-path flow resistance, and L is the length of the pipeline; d is the equivalent diameter of the pipeline; ρ is the fluid density, u is the flow velocity, and ζ is the local flow resistance loss coefficient of the pipeline.
The matching design method of the pressure source and the system in the step (B) is as follows:
(1) Preliminarily setting the capacity of a pressure source according to the total volume of a pipeline of a fluid pipeline network system;
(2) Preliminarily designing pressure of a pressure source according to the working pressure of the fluid pipe network system;
(3) The pressure supply mode of the pressure source (including but not limited to an accumulator, a liquid pump station, etc.) is designed to meet the performance requirements of the pressure source, and the time for which the pressure source can provide relatively stable pressure is calculated.
The pressure signal pulse width optimization method in the step (C) is as follows:
(1) Setting a pressure signal amplitude according to the working pressure of the pressure source;
(2) Analyzing the influence of the pressure pulse width on the system pressure building characteristic;
(3) Setting an upper limit of a pressure pulse width according to the time period that the pressure source can supply pressure relatively stably;
(4) Analyzing a system pressure building curve law under the pressure amplitude, and calculating a pressure pulse width lower limit to enable the peak pressure of the system after pressure building to be close to the pressure of a pressure source;
(5) The pressure pulse width interval and the pressure amplitude are optimized aiming at the hydraulic system, the detection precision of the pressure sensor is matched, and the accuracy of pressure drop detection is met.
The system pressure response library establishment method in the step (D) comprises the following steps:
(1) Analyzing the pressure building characteristic of the system under the initial no-leakage working condition;
(2) Establishing a pressure response library under different leakage conditions in the system;
(3) The pressure pulse width is optimized for the system, and the pressure response library is updated.
The leak detection and evaluation system verification method described in step (E) is as follows:
And selecting and assembling system hardware according to a design scheme, designing a leakage detection and evaluation algorithm, developing a touch screen man-machine interaction interface, and packaging a leakage detection and evaluation system. The system is tested/simulated to verify whether the leakage detection and evaluation effect meets the design requirements. If the design requirement is not met, the pressure of the pressure source is reselected, the pressure pulse width signal is optimized, and the steps (B), (C) and (D) are repeated.
(III) beneficial effects of the invention
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the fluid (including gas and liquid) pipeline leakage detection and assessment method based on pressure response, the leakage detection of the fluid pipe network system is taken as a starting point, the pressure source is matched according to the flow characteristics of the fluid pipe network system, the pulse width of a pressure signal is optimally designed, and finally the reliability of the system is verified through simulation. The defects of difficult leakage detection, long time consumption and the like of the current fluid pipe network system are overcome. The invention effectively shortens the leak detection time of the fluid pipe network system, and the pressure supply mode of the system pressure source is flexible and has wide application scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a leak detection method based on pressure response according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system based on pressure response according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an installation diagram of an on-board leak detection system hardware device in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a pressure response library of an on-board leak detection system in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of leak detection (pressure build-up curve) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to simulation examples.
In this embodiment, a certain fluid pipe network system is taken as a research object. The system adopts the energy accumulator as a pressure source, and is a special case of pressure source type selection. The system comprises a driving motor, a pump station, an overflow valve and a pressure relief valve, and aims to enable the accumulator to keep stable pressure. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a leak detection method based on pressure response according to the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
(A) Analyzing and modeling a fluid pipe network system;
Mapping the actual pipeline size based on a fluid pipe network system model machine, analyzing the trend of the pipeline in the fluid pipe network, and describing the flow characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline according to a fluid continuity equation and an N-S equation of the compressible fluid; then, a mathematical model of the fluid pipe network system is established, parameters of each pipeline are set, three pipelines in the system are selected as detection objects, the pressure loss in the pipeline due to fluid viscosity is calculated to be 0.153kPa, the influence on pressure drop caused by identification leakage is small, and therefore the pipeline flow resistance is ignored by adopting a common pipeline model.
(B) The pressure source is designed in a matched manner with the system;
the basic parameters of the accumulator are calculated preliminarily and matched with the system. Calculating the total volume of a pipe network of the hydraulic system according to the inner diameter and the length of each pipeline of the hydraulic system, and designing the capacity of the energy accumulator to be 2L; according to the rated working condition of the fluid pipe network, the rated pressure of the energy accumulator is designed to be 28MPa. This embodiment provides a stable pressure source for the accumulator in a liquid pump station mode, and the equipment is installed as shown in fig. 3. And establishing mathematical models of the energy accumulator, the pump, the motor, the pressure relief valve and the overflow valve based on mathematical formulas.
(C) Optimizing the pulse width of the pressure signal;
The fluid line system pressure build-up characteristics are analyzed to optimize the pressure signal pulse width interval. The pressure signal pulse width lower limit is set at first, the model pressure building curve is simulated and analyzed, when the pulse width length is calculated to be more than 0.15s, the peak value of the pressure building curve is close to the rated pressure of the energy accumulator, and the leakage is convenient to identify and detect; the upper limit of the pulse width of the pressure signal is initially set, when the pulse width length is calculated to be within 0.3s according to the detection precision constraint of 0.1% of the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can detect leakage after 3 minutes of pressure establishment, and the design requirement is met, so that the embodiment can effectively detect the leakage, and the pressure pulse width interval is 0.15s-0.3s.
(D) Establishing a system pressure response library;
The initial pressure drop condition of the fluid pipe network system without extra leakage points is analyzed, the initial pressure drop condition is taken as a reference group, the pressure drop is only 52Pa after 180s of pressure establishment is obtained through simulation calculation, and the pressure drop is negligible, so that the embodiment assumes that the system enters a pressure stabilizing state after the pressure establishment is completed, and no pressure drop exists.
In the embodiment, a mode of adding small hole gaps is adopted to simulate pipeline leakage points, small holes with different apertures are added to calculate a pressure building curve and total leakage quantity, pressure values at the moments of 60s, 180s and 300s are recorded respectively, and a pressure response database is built as shown in figure 4.
(E) Checking a leakage detection and evaluation system;
and designing a leakage detection algorithm according to the system pressure response library, packaging a leakage detection and evaluation system, and judging whether the model can detect and evaluate the pipeline leakage. And if the design requirement is not met, reselecting the pressure amplitude, optimizing the pressure pulse width according to the flow characteristic of the system, and repeating the steps (B), (C) and (D). Leakage can be effectively identified under the optimized parameters (the pressure amplitude is 28MPa, the pressure pulse width is 0.2 s), and as shown in fig. 5, the initial system pressure building curve has no pressure drop after the pressure building is completed; when a leakage point is added in the system, the pressure build-up curve gradually reduces along with the time change after the pressure build-up is completed, namely the pressure drop caused by internal leakage.
Claims (6)
1. A pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method, comprising the steps of:
(A) Analyzing and modeling a fluid pipe network system;
(B) The pressure source is designed in a matched manner with the system;
(C) Optimizing the pulse width of the pressure signal;
(D) Establishing a system pressure response library;
(E) And (5) checking a leakage detection and evaluation system.
2. The pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method of claim 1, wherein: the fluid pipe network system analysis modeling method of the step (A) comprises the following steps:
(1) Analyzing the hardware composition of a fluid pipe network system, and establishing a mathematical model for an actuator, a control element and a pipeline in the system;
(2) And calculating the flow and the flow resistance of the pipe network based on the length, the inner diameter and other dimensional parameters of the pipe in the pipe network.
The equation is lost by the pipeline edge Cheng Liuzu:
Wherein lambda is the loss coefficient of the along-path flow resistance, and L is the length of the pipeline; d is the equivalent diameter of the pipeline; ρ is the fluid density and u is the flow rate. The formula of the local flow resistance loss of the pipeline is as follows:
where ζ is the local flow resistance loss coefficient of the pipeline.
When the fluid pipe network system detects leakage, the system load is in a stop state, the flow in the pipe network is small, and the pipeline path loss and the local loss can be ignored. Thus if the pressure in the closed pipe network is reduced, the pressure drop is due to leakage or fluid compressibility inside the pipe.
(3) And describing the fluid characteristics in the pipeline based on the fluid continuity equation and the momentum equation, establishing a system state equation, and exploring the fluid characteristics in the pipe network system.
From the fluid continuity equation:
div (ρu) +ρ t =0 (formula 3)
The N-S equation for compressible fluid is:
where p is the fluid internal pressure, μ is the fluid shear viscosity coefficient, and λ is the fluid bulk viscosity coefficient.
(4) Considering the pressure drop due to the compressibility of the fluid, a decrease in molecular spacing when the fluid is compressed results in a decrease in volume; if the fluid has a high bulk modulus, the volume change caused by compression is small and can be generally considered as an incompressible fluid. The formula is defined by the fluid bulk modulus E p:
Wherein V 0 is the original volume of the fluid; deltaV is the fluid volume change; Δp is the amount of change in fluid pressure.
The bulk modulus E p of a common liquid is calculated to be between 1.4X10 9-4.3×109N/m2, and the larger the bulk modulus value, the less easily the fluid is compressed, so the pressure loss caused by the compressibility of the liquid is not considered in the liquid pipe network system. The volume modulus of the common gas is calculated to be smaller, and the pressure drop caused by pressure is not negligible, so that the leakage detection of the gas pipe network needs to be combined with reasonable design of the gas compressibility.
3. The pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method of claim 1, wherein: the specific method for matching the pressure source and the system in the step (B) is as follows: the pressure source is intended to provide a relatively stable pressure for the leak detection and evaluation system, and its implementation includes, but is not limited to, the use of an accumulator, a constant pressure pump source, and the like. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the state equation of the fluid pipe network system of claim 1, analyzing the capacity of each pipeline of the fluid pipe network system, and initially setting the capacity of a pressure source element of the detection system;
(2) Calculating local loss of fluid flow in the pipe network due to section change based on the dimensional parameters of the inner diameter, the length and the like of each pipe of the pipe network system; the pressure loss of the fluid in the pipe network due to flow resistance is calculated by combining the working temperature of the pipe network system to be measured and the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the fluid working medium, and the pressure drop caused by the two losses is small and can be ignored;
(3) Initially setting a pressure source rated pressure aiming at the working pressure of the fluid pipe network system and the pipe network pressure-bearing limit;
(4) And calculating the pressure loss caused by the pressurized fluid based on the compressibility of the fluid in the pipe network system and the pressure of the primary pressure source, and further optimizing the rated pressure of the pressure source.
4. The pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method of claim 1, wherein: the specific method for optimizing the pulse width of the pressure signal in the step (C) comprises the following steps: the pressure build-up process will be slowed down when a leak occurs in the system,
The pressure response curve changes and a proper pulse width is required to identify and extract the characteristics of the line leak. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the analysis of the fluid pipe network system in claim 2 and the basic parameters of the pressure source in claim 3, calculating the stable pressure supply time of the pressure source, and selecting a pulse width interval within the time;
(2) The upper limit of the pressure pulse width is preliminarily designed, if the pressure pulse width is too long, the stable pressure provided by the pressure source can continuously supplement the pressure loss caused by leakage, the pressure drop is difficult to detect in the pipeline, and whether the leakage exists cannot be judged;
(3) If the pressure pulse width is too short, the pressure peak value in the pipeline is smaller, the pressure drop caused by leakage is smaller, and the leakage is difficult to detect due to the limitation of the accuracy of the sensor. The lower limit of the ideal pressure pulse width is that after the system pressure is built, the pressure amplitude in the pipeline is close to the pressure provided by the pressure source;
(4) The pressure pulse width is optimized according to the flow characteristic of the fluid pipe network system and the sensor selection, and a pulse width interval capable of effectively detecting system leakage is provided.
5. The pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method of claim 1, wherein: the system pressure response library modeling method in the step (D) comprises the following steps:
(1) The fluid pipe network system analysis according to claim 2, wherein a mathematical model of no leakage and leakage of the fluid pipe network system is established based on a mass and energy balance equation;
(2) According to the pressure signal pulse width interval in claim 4, a system pressure pulse width is initialized, a pressure source provides the signal, the pressure in the pipe network system at each moment is recorded, and a pressure response curve is drawn;
(3) Analyzing a pressure response curve of the pipe network system when no leakage exists, wherein a small pressure drop can be generated due to sealing problems of control elements, actuators and the like in the system, and taking the pressure response curve as a reference group;
(4) Summarizing the characteristics of a pressure build-up curve when the analysis system has leakage, extracting pressure values of the system at different moments from the pressure build-up, and deducing and calculating the accumulated leakage quantity of the system at different moments according to a system state equation in the claim 2;
(5) If the pressure drop caused by leakage is not matched with the detection precision of the pressure sensor, selecting a larger pressure pulse width according to the pressure signal pulse width interval in the claim 4, repeating the steps (2), (3) and (4), and establishing a pressure response database of the fluid pipe network system.
6. The pressure response based fluid line leak detection and assessment method of claim 1, wherein: the specific method for designing the pressure response algorithm in the step (E) comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the pressure source matching design required by claim 3, carrying out hardware type selection and construction on the leakage detection system, and carrying out installation connection with the fluid pipe network system to be detected;
(2) The pressure pulse width signal optimization required by claim 4, wherein the proper pressure amplitude and the pressure signal pulse width are selected based on the fluid pipe network configuration and the loading condition of the system;
(3) The system pressure response library as claimed in claim 5, wherein the leakage characteristics are extracted, and a database of the system based on the pressure response is built;
(4) Optimizing a leakage identification and detection algorithm by combining the detection precision of the sensor and the response time of the system, developing a touch screen man-machine interaction interface, and packaging leakage detection and evaluation software;
(5) And detecting the hydraulic system to be detected, and verifying whether the system can accurately detect and evaluate the leakage condition. If the performance index is not met, recalculating the pressure source and the pressure signal pulse width for the system, and repeating the steps (B), (C), (D) and (E).
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