CN117900547A - Screw milling and reaming integrated composite cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter, belongs to the technical field of milling and reaming cutters, and is designed for solving the problems of low hole making and dimple accuracy and the like in the existing component machining. The invention discloses a spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter which comprises a cutting head, a neck, a countersink part and a cutter bar which are sequentially connected, wherein the cutting head is configured to be capable of machining a connecting hole on a component in a spiral milling mode, and the countersink part is configured to be capable of machining a countersink on the component. The spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter disclosed by the invention integrates the functions of a spiral milling cutter and a reaming cutter, can finish two works of hole making and reaming in one feeding, reduces the cutter changing time and improves the processing efficiency. The tool is not required to be replaced in the whole hole making and countersinking process, so that the axis deviation of the hole and the countersink and the error of the countersink depth caused by the installation and manufacturing errors of the tool are eliminated, and the hole making and countersink precision is improved.

Description

Screw milling and reaming integrated composite cutter

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of milling and reaming tools, in particular to a spiral milling and reaming integrated composite tool.

Background

Rivet and bolt connections are often used to effect assembly of components in a variety of fields including aerospace. When countersunk rivets and bolts are required, the connecting holes 200 and then the countersunk recesses 300 are machined into the component 100 as shown in fig. 1.

In the prior art, the connecting hole 200 and the countersink 300 are mostly machined by drilling, one is to machine the connecting hole 200 by using a conventional drill bit and then machine the countersink 300 by using a countersink drill, which has the following defects: the error between the axis of the connecting hole 200 and the axis of the countersink 300 is large, the depth H of the countersink 300 is difficult to control accurately, and the machining efficiency is low due to the replacement of the drill bit; the other is to use a drilling and countersinking integrated tool to synchronously process the connecting hole 200 and the countersink 300, and the defect is that: the axial force is large, so that the cutting temperature is high, the processing defects such as outlet burrs, layering, tearing and the like exist, the cutter is seriously worn, and the cost is high. In particular, when the member 100 is manufactured using a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, a carbon fiber composite material, or the like, the processing results of both of the above processing methods are difficult to satisfy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter, which improves the precision of hole making and reaming.

To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The utility model provides a spiral milling and reaming integrative compound cutter, includes cutting head, neck, countersink portion and cutter arbor that connect gradually, cutting head is configured to can adopt the mode of spiral milling to process and form the connecting hole on the component, countersink portion is configured to can process and form the countersink on the component.

In one preferred embodiment, the cutting head comprises: an end blade provided at a top end of the cutting head, the end blade being configured to continuously cut a hole bottom surface of the connection hole; at least two peripheral edges provided on a peripheral surface of the cutting head, the peripheral edges being configured to intermittently cut a side wall of the connection hole; a rear end blade arranged on the peripheral surface of the cutting head and positioned at the rear end of the peripheral blade, wherein a gap is arranged between the peripheral blade and the rear end blade; and chip grooves formed between two adjacent peripheral edges.

In one preferred embodiment, the peripheral edge is helical and the junk slots are helical.

In one preferred embodiment, the angle γ between the end edge and the axis-perpendicular is greater than the helix angle of the peripheral edge.

In one preferred embodiment, the end edge, the peripheral edge and the rear end edge are each four.

In one preferred embodiment, four of the end edges are unevenly distributed.

In one preferred embodiment, the peripheral edge comprises a peripheral edge front edge, a Zhou Rendi first side edge and a Zhou Rendi second side edge which are sequentially connected, and an included angle between the Zhou Rendi first side edge and the peripheral edge front edge is an acute angle; the included angle between one side of Zhou Rendi and the horizontal plane is beta 1, and the included angle between two sides of Zhou Rendi and the horizontal plane is beta 2, wherein beta 2 is more than beta 1.

In one preferred embodiment, the helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter is provided with a cooling duct along the axis, the cooling duct being divided into a plurality of branch ducts at the bottom of the peripheral edge, each branch duct extending to the tooth back position of the peripheral edge, the branch ducts forming cooling holes on the peripheral surface of the cutting head, the cooling holes being directed towards the chip root of the peripheral edge.

In one preferred embodiment, the socket part is provided with a socket blade, the socket blade comprises a socket blade front edge, a socket blade first side edge and a socket blade second side edge which are sequentially connected, and an included angle between the socket blade front edge and the socket blade first side edge is an acute angle; the included angle between the first side edge of the countersink blade and the horizontal plane is beta 3, and the included angle between the second side edge of the countersink blade and the horizontal plane is beta 4, wherein beta 4 is more than beta 3.

In one preferred embodiment, the neck is tapered, the diameter of the joint of the neck and the cutting head is smaller than the diameter of the joint of the neck and the countersink, and the neck is in smooth transition connection with the cutting head and the countersink respectively.

The cutting head of the spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter disclosed by the invention can be used for machining a connecting hole on a component in a spiral milling mode, and the reaming part can be used for machining a countersink on the component, so that the functions of the spiral milling and reaming cutter are integrated, two works of hole making and reaming can be completed in one feeding, the cutter changing time is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved. The tool is not required to be replaced in the whole hole making and countersinking process, so that the axis deviation of the hole and the countersink and the error of the countersink depth caused by the installation and manufacturing errors of the tool are eliminated, and the hole making and countersink precision is improved. By adjusting the diameter of the spiral feeding track, a plurality of different apertures can be processed by one cutter, and the variety and cost of the cutter are reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a component provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting head and neck configuration provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a portion of the structure of a cutting head provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a countersink provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. A cutting head; 2. a neck; 3. a countersink part; 4. a cutter bar; 11. an end blade; 12. a peripheral edge; 13. a rear end blade; 14. a chip removal groove; 15. a cooling hole; 16. a notch; 31. a countersink blade; 121. zhou Rendi a side; 122. zhou Rendi two sides; 123. the front edge of the peripheral edge; 311. a first side edge of the countersink blade; 312. a second side edge of the countersink blade; 313. the front edge of the countersink blade;

100. A member; 200. a connection hole; 300. and (5) countersinking.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.

The embodiment discloses a spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter, which comprises a cutting head part 1, a neck part 2, a countersink part 3 and a cutter bar 4 which are sequentially connected as shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cutting head 1 is configured to be able to form a connecting hole 200 in a component 100 by means of helical milling, and the countersink 3 is configured to be able to form a countersink 300 in the component 100.

The spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter integrates the functions of a spiral milling cutter and a reaming cutter, can finish two works of hole making and reaming in one feeding, reduces cutter changing time and improves machining efficiency. The tool is not required to be replaced in the whole hole making and countersinking process, so that the axis deviation of the hole and the countersink and the error of the countersink depth H caused by the installation and manufacturing errors of the tool are eliminated, and the hole making and countersink precision is improved. By adjusting the diameter of the spiral feeding track, a plurality of different apertures can be processed by one cutter, and the variety and cost of the cutter are reduced.

The bottom of the countersink part 3 is a cylinder, and the cylinder is connected with the cutter bar 4. The cutting edge of the countersink 3 forms a vertex angle phi, and the specific value of phi is designed by self according to the required countersunk head bolt, and is generally 100-130 degrees.

In order to reduce the influence of the hole making depth on the processing aperture and avoid secondary damage to the processing surface caused by the friction of chips, a cutter body and a hole wall during processing, the cutter adopts a necking structure. Specifically, the neck 2 is conical, the diameter of the joint of the neck 2 and the cutting head 1 is smaller than that of the joint of the neck 2 and the countersink 3, and the neck 2 is in smooth transition connection with the cutting head 1 and the countersink 3 respectively.

The diameter D1 of the cutting head 1 is generally 50% -80% of the diameter of the connecting hole 200, and the diameter D2 of the neck 2 is slightly smaller than the diameter D1 of the cutting head 1, so as to avoid the friction and extrusion between the cutting edge on the peripheral surface of the cutting head 1 and the machined hole wall during the helical milling process. The major diameter D3 of the socket 3 is about twice the diameter D1 of the cutting head 1, and the diameter D4 of the cutter bar 4 is larger than the diameter D1 of the cutting head 1 and smaller than the major diameter D3 of the socket 3. The specific values of D1, D2, D3 and D4 are not limited and may be designed according to the use cases.

As shown in fig. 1, the diameter a of the connecting hole 200, the large diameter B of the countersink 3, the depth H of the countersink 300, and the countersink angle Φ satisfy the following relation with the member 100 machined by the helical milling-reaming integrated composite tool:

H×2×tan(φ/2)＝B-A

the specific values of A, B, H and phi are not limited and can be designed according to the use condition.

The cutting head 1 is mainly of an end mill structure, and specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the cutting head 1 includes an end edge 11, at least two peripheral edges 12, a rear end edge 13, and a chip groove 14, the chip groove 14 being formed between adjacent two peripheral edges 12. The end edge 11 is provided at the tip of the cutting head 1, the peripheral edge 12 is provided on the peripheral surface of the cutting head 1, the rear end edge 13 is provided on the peripheral surface of the cutting head 1 at the rear end of the peripheral edge 12, and a gap 16 is provided between the peripheral edge 12 and the rear end edge 13. The function of providing the trailing edge 13 is: the rear end blade 13 can carry out secondary finish machining when retracting the cutter, so that burrs at the outlet of the connecting hole 200 are removed, the surface quality of the hole wall is improved, and the aperture deviation caused by cutter yielding and insufficient rigidity in the feeding process is avoided.

Wherein the peripheral edge 12 is tangentially connected to the neck 2. That is, the peripheral edge 12 is a strip-shaped structure, and a notch 16 is formed in the strip-shaped structure, which does not completely intercept the peripheral edge 12. Although the opening 16 divides the peripheral edge 12 into two parts, a peripheral edge 12 and a rear end edge 13, seen from the outside, the fact that the part of the strip-like structure that connects to the body of the cutting head 1 remains integral (not interrupted by the opening 16) can be understood as designating a part of the peripheral edge 12 as the rear end edge 13, the peripheral edge 12 extending from the end edge 11 to the neck 2 and the end remote from the end edge 11 being tangentially connected to the neck 2.

The end edge 11 is configured to continuously cut the hole bottom surface of the connection hole 200 in a manner similar to plunge milling. The peripheral edge 12 is configured to intermittently cut the side wall of the connection hole 200 in a manner similar to a key-slot milling. In order to reduce the influence of the hole making depth on the machining aperture, the length of the peripheral edge 12 may be appropriately shortened.

Preferably, the peripheral edge 12 is helical and the junk slots 14 are correspondingly helical. Compared with the traditional drilling and cutting process, the spiral milling is a new processing mode, and the cutter rotates and axially feeds along the spiral line in the processing process, so that the spiral milling machine has the advantages of small axial cutting force, low cutting temperature, easiness in chip removal, good hole manufacturing quality, high processing efficiency and the like.

On the basis of the above structure, the specific number of the end blades 11, the peripheral blades 12 and the rear end blades 13 is not limited, and may be determined according to actual use requirements. Preferably, the end edge 11, the peripheral edge 12 and the rear end edge 13 are each four. In order to reduce chatter, the four end edges 11 are arranged in an unevenly distributed manner, that is, the included angles between any two adjacent end edges 11 are different.

The spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter adopts a tooth back cooling mode, and specifically, a cooling pipeline is arranged along the axis of the composite cutter, and the cooling pipeline is branched at the bottom position of the peripheral edge 12, so that a plurality of branch pipelines are formed. Each of the branch pipes extends to the tooth back position of the peripheral edge 12, and the branch pipes form cooling holes 15 on the peripheral surface of the cutting head 1, the cooling holes 15 being directed toward the chip root of the peripheral edge 12. The helical milling is usually performed by dry cutting, so that gas acts on the root of the chip through the cooling hole 15, and the chip can be removed rapidly while the cutting temperature is lowered.

As shown in fig. 4, the included angle γ (or referred to as end clearance angle) between the end edge 11 and the axis perpendicular plane is larger than the helix angle of the peripheral edge 12, so that the low linear velocity region of the end edge 11 near the center does not participate in cutting, thereby reducing the axial cutting force during spiral hole milling, improving the processing quality, and prolonging the service life of the spiral milling integrated composite cutter. The specific value of the included angle gamma is not limited, and can be set according to the processing requirement.

In order to reduce wear of the tool relief surface and to provide better chip removal, the peripheral edge 12 adopts a double relief structure. As shown in fig. 5, the peripheral edge 12 includes a peripheral edge front edge 123, a side edge 121 of Zhou Rendi and two side edges 122 of Zhou Rendi which are sequentially connected, and an included angle between the side edge 121 of Zhou Rendi and the peripheral edge front edge 123 is an acute angle; zhou Rendi has an angle β1 between one side 121 and the horizontal plane, and an angle β2 between the second side 122 of the peripheral edge and the horizontal plane, wherein β2 is greater than β1. In fig. 5, α1 is the rake angle of the peripheral edge 12, b1 is the edge width of the peripheral edge 12 (i.e., the width of one side 121 of Zhou Rendi), and specific values of α1, b1, β1, and β2 are not limited and may be designed according to specific cases.

Four countersink edges 31 are uniformly distributed on the countersink part 3 along the circumferential direction of the frustum cutter body, and the countersink edges 31 also adopt a double relief angle structure in the same way. As shown in fig. 6, the socket blade 31 includes a socket blade front edge 313, a socket blade first side edge 311, and a socket blade second side edge 312 connected in sequence, wherein an included angle between the socket blade front edge 313 and the socket blade first side edge 311 is an acute angle; the included angle between the first side edge 311 of the countersink and the horizontal plane is beta 3, and the included angle between the second side edge 312 of the countersink and the horizontal plane is beta 4, and beta 4 is more than beta 3. In fig. 6, α2 is the rake angle of the countersink edge 31, b2 is the edge width of the countersink edge 31 (i.e., the width of the countersink edge first side 311), and specific values of α2, b2, β3, and β4 are not limited and may be designed according to specific situations.

Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, modifications and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which is set forth in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The spiral milling and reaming integrated composite cutter is characterized by comprising a cutting head (1), a neck (2), a countersink part (3) and a cutter bar (4) which are sequentially connected, wherein the cutting head (1) is configured to form a connecting hole (200) on a component (100) in a spiral milling mode, and the countersink part (3) is configured to form a countersink (300) on the component (100).

2. Helical milling integrated composite cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting head (1) comprises:

An end blade (11) provided at the tip end of the cutting head (1), the end blade (11) being configured to continuously cut the hole bottom surface of the connecting hole (200);

At least two peripheral edges (12) provided on the peripheral surface of the cutting head (1), the peripheral edges (12) being configured to intermittently cut the side wall of the connecting hole (200);

A rear end blade (13) which is provided on the peripheral surface of the cutting head (1) and is positioned at the rear end of the peripheral blade (12), and a gap (16) is provided between the peripheral blade (12) and the rear end blade (13); and

Junk slots (14) formed between adjacent ones of the peripheral edges (12).

3. The helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that the peripheral edge (12) is helical and the junk slot (14) is helical.

4. A helical milling and reaming integrated composite tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the angle γ between the end edge (11) and the axis perpendicular is greater than the helix angle of the peripheral edge (12).

5. Helical milling integrated composite cutter according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the end edge (11), the peripheral edge (12) and the rear end edge (13) are each four.

6. Helical milling integrated composite cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that four of said end edges (11) are unevenly distributed.

7. The helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said peripheral edge (12) comprises a peripheral edge front edge (123), a Zhou Rendi one side edge (121) and Zhou Rendi two side edges (122) connected in sequence, the included angle between said Zhou Rendi one side edge (121) and said peripheral edge front edge (123) being an acute angle; the included angle between one side edge (121) of Zhou Rendi and the horizontal plane is beta 1, and the included angle between two side edges (122) of Zhou Rendi and the horizontal plane is beta 2, wherein beta 2 is more than beta 1.

8. The helical milling and reaming integrated composite tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it is provided with a cooling duct along an axis, which is divided into a plurality of branch ducts at the bottom of the peripheral edge (12), each of which branch ducts extends to a tooth back position of the peripheral edge (12), which branch ducts form cooling holes (15) on the peripheral surface of the cutting head (1), which cooling holes (15) are directed towards the chip root of the peripheral edge (12).

9. The helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the socket (3) is provided with a socket edge (31), the socket edge (31) comprising a socket edge front edge (313), a socket edge first side edge (311) and a socket edge second side edge (312) connected in sequence, the angle between the socket edge front edge (313) and the socket edge first side edge (311) being an acute angle; the included angle between the first side edge (311) of the countersink blade and the horizontal plane is beta 3, and the included angle between the second side edge (312) of the countersink blade and the horizontal plane is beta 4, wherein beta 4 is more than beta 3.

10. The helical milling and reaming integrated composite cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the neck (2) is tapered, the diameter of the junction of the neck (2) and the cutting head (1) is smaller than the diameter of the junction of the neck (2) and the reaming socket (3), and the neck (2) is connected with the cutting head (1) and the reaming socket (3) in a smooth transition respectively.