CN117894236A - Simulation device and method for excavating and unloading preset tunnel model - Google Patents
Simulation device and method for excavating and unloading preset tunnel model Download PDFInfo
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- CN117894236A CN117894236A CN202410288290.8A CN202410288290A CN117894236A CN 117894236 A CN117894236 A CN 117894236A CN 202410288290 A CN202410288290 A CN 202410288290A CN 117894236 A CN117894236 A CN 117894236A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation device and a method for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model, wherein the device comprises a model test box and a tunnel model; an inner oil bag and an outer oil bag are respectively paved on the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the tunnel model; surrounding rock is filled between the outer oil bag and the model test box. The method comprises the following steps: (1) prefabricating a tunnel model; (2) Pressurizing the oil bag, and simulating the stress state of the original rock before excavation; (3) The pressure release ratio of the oil bags is quantitatively adjusted to simulate the stress release ratio of different surrounding rocks after excavation, the pressure is quantitatively released to a certain value according to the stress release ratio of the surrounding rocks, and the unloading process after tunnel excavation is simulated. The invention can simulate the stress state change process of surrounding rock after the real tunnel is excavated, realizes quantitative simulation of tunnel excavation unloading, can simulate the stresses with different directions and different magnitudes in the real stratum, has more real simulation experiment effect, is simple to operate, can be repeatedly used, and can also carry out other simulation experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering test devices, in particular to a simulation device and a simulation method for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model, wherein unloading can be performed according to the actual surrounding rock unloading proportion.
Background
The drilling and blasting method and the shield method are main excavation methods of western high-burial-depth tunnels, and an initial tunnel structure after excavation can generate unloading effect, so that the problems of deformation of soil and rock, stress distribution, reaction of supporting structures and the like are involved. Under the complex geological conditions in western regions, tunnel excavation unloading can influence the stability of surrounding rocks, so that potential safety hazards are brought.
The process of tunnel excavation unloading can be simulated by adopting a model test. At present, the traditional model test mainly adopts two modes of constructing a tunnel structure after excavation and presetting a tunnel model. The method for constructing the tunnel structure after excavation mainly comprises the steps of excavating a tunnel contour in a simulated rock body through a mechanical or semi-mechanical method, and placing the tunnel contour into a tunnel structure model after excavation. The traditional method for presetting the tunnel model is to put the tunnel structure model into surrounding rock before the test starts, and lacks the simulation of the tunnel excavation process, and cannot simulate the excavation unloading process. Therefore, how to obtain a device capable of quantitatively carrying out unloading simulation according to the actual surrounding rock unloading proportion in a model test and a corresponding method are the problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation method and device for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model, which are used for solving the technical problem that the conventional method cannot quantitatively simulate the process of excavating and unloading a tunnel according to the actual surrounding rock unloading proportion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a simulation device for pre-setting tunnel model excavation unloading comprises a model test box and a tunnel model arranged in the model test box; the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the tunnel model are respectively paved with a contractible and expandable inner side oil bag and a plurality of outer side oil bags, and the inner side oil bag and the outer side oil bag extend along the length direction of the tunnel model; surrounding rock is filled between the outer oil bag and the model test box.
The design thought of the technical scheme is that the inner side and the outer side of the tunnel model are provided with the inner side and the outer side oil bags capable of expanding, pressurizing, contracting and depressurizing, the pressure control and the pressure release of the inner side oil bags and the outer side oil bags can be utilized to simulate the release proportion of the stress of different surrounding rocks after the tunnel excavation, so that the stress state change process of the surrounding rocks after the real tunnel excavation is simulated, the technical problem that the preset tunnel model is difficult to simulate the excavation unloading in the traditional model test is solved, and better test reference is provided for the tunnel excavation construction.
As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the simulation device for excavating and unloading the preset tunnel model further comprises an oil cylinder, wherein the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag are connected with the oil cylinder through an oil conveying pipe and exchange hydraulic oil with the oil cylinder, so that expansion and contraction of the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag are realized; the inner oil bag and the outer oil bags are independently connected with the oil cylinder.
As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the simulation device for excavating and unloading the preset tunnel model further comprises an oil cylinder pressure control system, and the oil cylinder pressure control system controls the hydraulic pressure of the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag by controlling hydraulic oil exchange among the inner oil bag, the outer oil bag and the oil cylinder. The inner oil bag and the eight independent outer oil bags are respectively connected with the oil cylinder, and the oil cylinder pressure control system controls each channel of the oil cylinder to carry out hydraulic adjustment on the oil bags to finish quantitative pressurization and pressure relief.
As a further preferable aspect of the above technical solution, the side, bottom and top of the model test chamber are provided with pressurizing assemblies for applying pressure to the side, bottom and top of the model test chamber. By arranging the pressurizing assembly, the side face, the bottom and the top of the model test box can be pressurized, so that the stress state of the real tunnel surrounding rock is further simulated, and the simulation effect and the simulation authenticity are enhanced.
As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the tunnel model is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing process, and two ends of the tunnel model are connected with the model test box in a sealing mode.
As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the simulation device for excavating and unloading the preset tunnel model further comprises an inverted arch filling which can be installed in the tunnel model, a central ditch, a communication cable groove, a drainage groove and a power cable groove are formed in the inverted arch filling, a track plate is further arranged on the inverted arch filling, and the track plate comprises a track and a track groove. The mountable inverted arch filling allows further construction of the tunnel in the tunnel model after the simulation test is completed (construction of the tunnel model after the inner oil bag is withdrawn) for further simulation tests.
As a further preferable aspect of the above technical solution, the number of the outer oil bags is 8, and the outer oil bags are uniformly laid on the outer surface of the tunnel model.
Based on the same technical conception, the invention also provides a simulation method of the preset tunnel model excavation unloading, which simulates the tunnel model excavation unloading by adopting the simulation device of the preset tunnel model excavation unloading of the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting fine sand to pave the bottom of the model test box, injecting surrounding rock slurry to a certain height, and putting the surrounding rock slurry into a tunnel model paved with an inner oil bag and an outer oil bag after the surrounding rock slurry is solidified;
s2, continuously injecting surrounding rock slurry to the top of the model test box, and fully paving fine sand on the top surface after the surrounding rock slurry is solidified to form surrounding rock;
s3, filling oil, expanding and pressurizing the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag, and keeping the inner side pressure and the outer side pressure of the tunnel model consistent, namely simulating the stress state of the original rock before the tunnel is not excavated in actual engineering;
s4, keeping the average pressure values of the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag consistent, simulating different surrounding rock stress release ratios after the real tunnel excavation by quantitatively adjusting the pressure release ratio of the inner oil bag and the outer oil bag, and quantitatively releasing pressure to a certain value according to the surrounding rock stress release ratio, namely simulating the unloading process after the tunnel excavation;
s5, withdrawing the inner oil bag to finish the tunnel excavation unloading simulation process.
As a further preferable aspect of the above-described technical solution, after the inner oil bag is withdrawn in S5, an inverted arch filler is stuck to the bottom of the tunnel model to perform other simulation tests.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The simulation device for the excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model can simulate the stress state change process of surrounding rock after the actual tunnel excavation by arranging the inner side oil bags and the outer side oil bags on the inner side and the outer side of the tunnel model, solves the problem that the excavation unloading is difficult to simulate by the preset tunnel model in the traditional model test, realizes the quantitative simulation of the tunnel excavation unloading, can simulate the stresses with different sizes in different directions in the actual stratum, solves the problem that the excavation unloading is simulated qualitatively rather than quantitatively by directly excavating and then constructing the lining, and has a more actual simulation experiment effect.
(2) The simulation device for the excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, further operation and repeated utilization, the inner oil bag can be taken out and recovered after the excavation unloading simulation is completed, meanwhile, the preset tunnel model in the model box can be subjected to further test operation after the excavation unloading, and after all the tests are completed, the experimental devices such as the outer oil bag, the tunnel model and the like can be recovered.
(3) The simulation device for the excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model can be used for further constructing a refined structure of a tunnel after the excavation unloading simulation is completed, such as a refined structure of inverted arch filling and the like, and the refined structure is constructed in the tunnel model after the inner oil bag is withdrawn so as to perform other simulation tests.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel model in a simulation device for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation device for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a refined structure (inverted arch filling) of a middle tunnel model of a simulation apparatus for pre-setting tunnel model excavation unloading according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Legend description:
1. an inner oil pocket; 2. an outer oil sac; 3. a seal ring; 4. an oil delivery pipe; 5. a tunnel model; 6. an oil cylinder; 7. the oil cylinder pressure control system; 8. a model test box; 81. a test chamber body; 82. a right side plate; 83. a left side plate; 84. a top plate; 85. a high strength glass plate; 86. a central bore; 9. a model test loading system; 91. a base; 92. a pressure cylinder; 93. a steel plate; 10. surrounding rock; 11. filling the inverted arch; 111. A central groove; 112. A communication cable trough; 113. a drainage channel; 114. a power cable trough; 12. a track plate; 121. a track; 122. a track groove.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but the invention can be implemented in a number of different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simulation device for excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model of the present embodiment includes a model test box 8, a model test loading system 9, and a tunnel model 5.
The tunnel model 5 is arranged in the model test box 8, and the model test box 8 is fixed in the model test loading system 9; the model test loading system 9 comprises a base 91 and a pressurizing assembly, wherein the pressurizing assembly is arranged at the bottom, the top and the side face of the inner side of the base 91 and comprises a pressure cylinder 92 and a steel plate 93, the pressure cylinder 92 is fixed on the side face, the top face and the bottom face of the inner side of the base 91 through bolts, the pressure cylinders 92 are respectively provided with three pressure cylinders in each direction, twelve pressure cylinders 92 in the same direction are connected through the steel plate 93, pressure can be uniformly applied to the model test box 8 in four directions through the steel plate 93, and the model test box 8 is located in an enclosing area of each steel plate 93.
The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the tunnel model 5 are respectively paved with a contractible and expandable inner side oil bag 1 and 8 outer side oil bags 2 (the 8 outer side oil bags 2 are symmetrically distributed and evenly paved on the outer side surface of the whole tunnel model 5), and the inner side oil bag 1 and the outer side oil bag 2 are respectively paved along the length direction of the tunnel model 5 in an extending way; the oil delivery pipe 4 connects the independent channels of the inner oil bag 1 and the outer oil bag 2 with the oil cylinder 6, a sealing ring 3 is arranged at the joint, and the hydraulic oil exchange among the inner oil bag 1, the outer oil bag 2 and the oil cylinder 6 is controlled by arranging an oil cylinder pressure control system 7, so that the pressure of the inner oil bag 1 and the outer oil bag 2 is controlled; surrounding rock 10 is filled between the outer oil bag 2 and the model test box 8.
The model test box 8 comprises a test box main body 81, a right side plate 82, a left side plate 83, a top plate 84, a high-strength glass plate 85 and a central hole 86, wherein the transparent high-strength glass plate 85 is arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the model test box 8, so that observation is facilitated in an experiment, a circular central hole 86 with the diameter of 20cm is formed in the center of the test box, and the test box is convenient for the oil delivery pipe 4 to walk after the tunnel model 5 is preset and evacuation of the inner oil bag 1 after the simulated excavation unloading is completed.
In this embodiment, the tunnel model 5 is preset in the model test box 8 by:
s1, printing a tunnel model 5 through a 3D printing technology, wherein the printing material is high-strength resin, and the printing precision is 0.2mm, so that the inner diameter of the tunnel model 5 is larger than the diameter of a central hole 86;
s2, placing the inner oil bag 1 in the tunnel model 5, and filling a proper amount of oil to enable the inner oil bag 1 to be just clung to the inner wall of the tunnel model 5;
s3, uniformly arranging eight outer oil bags 2 for a circle from the right lower side of the outer wall of the tunnel model 5 along the outer wall, and symmetrically distributing the eight outer oil bags left and right, and filling a proper amount of oil to enable the outer oil bags 2 to be tightly attached to the outer wall of the tunnel model 5;
s4, connecting one end of an oil delivery pipe 4 with the inner oil bag 1 and the outer oil bag 2, and arranging a sealing ring 3 at the connecting position to prevent oil leakage;
s5, hoisting and fixing the right side plate 82 and the left side plate 83 on two sides of the test box main body 81, and spreading fine sand on the bottom layer of the model test box 8;
s6, water, model gypsum powder and barite powder are adopted as surrounding rock slurry, the surrounding rock slurry is configured according to a ratio of 1:0.85:0.15, the surrounding rock slurry is poured to a certain height in a model test box 8 after mixing and stirring for 3 minutes, a tunnel model 5 is hoisted after solidification, the tunnel model 5 is fixed in the model test box 8 after hoisting, all oil delivery pipes 4 are processed out of a central hole 86, the other ends of the oil delivery pipes are connected with independent channels of an oil cylinder 6, and gaps at the joints of the tunnel model 5 and a test box main body 81 are sealed by glass cement to prevent the surrounding rock slurry from being oozed during continuous pouring;
s7, continuously pouring surrounding rock slurry until the surrounding rock slurry is nearly full of the model test box 8, paving a layer of fine sand on the top after the surrounding rock 10 is solidified, and covering a top plate 84 to finish the presetting of the tunnel model 5.
In this embodiment, the simulation method for performing excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model by using the simulation device of this embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, oil filling and pressurizing are carried out on an inner oil bag 1 and eight outer oil bags 2 by utilizing an oil cylinder pressure control system 7, and the inner side pressure and the outer side pressure are kept consistent until the simulated stratum stress level is reached, and the original rock stress state before tunnel excavation in actual engineering is simulated;
s2, starting a model test loading system 9, and synchronously applying pressure to the right side plate 82, the left side plate 83, the top plate 84 and the bottom of the model test box 8 at the same speed through a pressure cylinder 92 until a tunnel surrounding rock stress state to be simulated is reached;
s3, reducing the pressure of the inner oil bag 1 and each outer oil bag 2 by using an oil cylinder pressure control system 7, keeping the average value of the total pressure of the inner oil bag 1 and the total pressure of the outer oil bag 2 consistent, quantitatively and sectionally unloading to a certain value according to the actual surrounding rock stress release ratio, simulating the unloading process after tunnel excavation, and simulating different surrounding rock stress release ratios after the actual tunnel excavation by quantitatively adjusting the pressure release ratio of the inner oil bag 1 and the outer oil bag 2;
s4, withdrawing the inner oil bag 1 to finish the tunnel model excavation unloading simulation process.
In this embodiment, after the tunnel model excavation unloading simulation process is completed, a refined structure may be further applied to the inner side of the tunnel model 5, and other simulation tests may be performed: printing an inverted arch filling 11 (the structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 3) by adopting a 3D printing technology, wherein the printing material is resin, the printing precision is 0.2mm, a central groove 111, a communication cable groove 112, a drainage groove 113 and a power cable groove 114 are formed in the inverted arch filling 11, a track plate 12 is further arranged on the inverted arch filling 11, the track plate 12 comprises a track 121 and a track groove 122, the inverted arch filling is manufactured by 3D printing, the track 121 is made of aluminum alloy, the track groove 122 is made of resin, and the track 121 is adhered to the track groove 122 through strong glue; the rail groove 122 is stuck on the inverted arch filler 11 by strong glue, and the inverted arch filler 11 is fixed on the inverted arch of the tunnel model 5 by strong glue.
The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Modifications and variations which would be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The simulation device for the excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model is characterized by comprising a model test box (8) and a tunnel model (5) arranged in the model test box (8); the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the tunnel model (5) are respectively paved with a contractible and expandable inner side oil bag (1) and a plurality of outer side oil bags (2), and the inner side oil bag (1) and the outer side oil bags (2) extend along the length direction of the tunnel model (5); surrounding rock (10) is filled between the outer oil bag (2) and the model test box (8).
2. The simulation device for excavating and unloading of the preset tunnel model according to claim 1, further comprising an oil cylinder (6), wherein the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2) are connected with the oil cylinder (6) and exchange hydraulic oil with the oil cylinder (6) to realize expansion and contraction of the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2); the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bags (2) are independently connected with the oil cylinder (6).
3. The simulation device for excavating and unloading of a preset tunnel model according to claim 2, further comprising a cylinder pressure control system (7), wherein the cylinder pressure control system (7) controls the hydraulic pressure of the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2) by controlling hydraulic oil exchange between the inner oil bag (1), the outer oil bag (2) and the cylinder (6).
4. A simulation device for excavation unloading of a pre-set tunnel model according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the sides, bottom and top of the model test chamber (8) are provided with pressurizing assemblies for applying pressure to the sides, bottom and top of the model test chamber (8), respectively.
5. A simulation device for excavating and unloading a preset tunnel model according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the tunnel model (5) is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing process, and two ends of the tunnel model (5) are connected with a model test box (8) in a sealing manner.
6. A simulation device for excavation unloading of a preset tunnel model according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the outer oil bags (2) are provided with 8, which are uniformly laid on the outer surface of the tunnel model (5).
7. A simulation device for excavation unloading of a preset tunnel model according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising an inverted arch filling (11) which can be mounted on the tunnel model (5), wherein a central trench (111), a communication cable trough (112), a drainage trough (113) and a power cable trough (114) are formed in the inverted arch filling (11), a track plate (12) is further arranged on the inverted arch filling (11), and the track plate (12) comprises a track (121) and a track trough (122).
8. A simulation method for the excavation unloading of a preset tunnel model, which is characterized in that the simulation device for the excavation unloading of the preset tunnel model is adopted to simulate the excavation unloading of the tunnel model, and the simulation method comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting fine sand to pave the bottom of the model test box (8), injecting surrounding rock slurry to a certain height, and putting the surrounding rock slurry into a tunnel model (5) paved with an inner oil bag (1) and an outer oil bag (2) after the surrounding rock slurry is solidified;
s2, continuously injecting surrounding rock slurry to the top of the model test box (8), and spreading fine sand on the top surface and covering the top surface after the surrounding rock slurry is solidified to form surrounding rock (10);
s3, filling oil, expanding and pressurizing the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2) to keep the inner side pressure and the outer side pressure of the tunnel model (5) consistent, namely simulating the stress state of the original rock before tunnel excavation in actual engineering;
s4, keeping the average pressure values of the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2) consistent, simulating different surrounding rock stress release ratios after the actual tunnel excavation by quantitatively adjusting the pressure release ratio of the inner oil bag (1) and the outer oil bag (2), and quantitatively releasing pressure to a certain value according to the surrounding rock stress release ratio, namely simulating the unloading process after the tunnel excavation;
s5, withdrawing the inner oil bag (1) to finish the tunnel excavation unloading simulation process.
9. A simulation method of excavation unloading of a preset tunnel model according to claim 8, characterized in that after S5 the inner oil bag (1) is withdrawn, an inverted arch filling (11) is stuck into the tunnel model (5) for further simulation experiments.
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