CN117888009A - Particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 46
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of additive manufacturing and metal materials. Uniformly mixing reinforcement particles and aluminum alloy powder, and preparing an aluminum-based composite material ingot blank through cold isostatic pressing and vacuum hot pressing sintering; performing hot extrusion on the ingot blank to form a round bar, and putting the round bar into continuous extrusion equipment to perform continuous extrusion deformation to obtain a bar; finally, the aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing is obtained after the rod material is subjected to multi-pass drawing and surface treatment. The aluminum-based composite material wire prepared by the method has good surface quality, uniform and fine internal tissues, reduces tissue defects such as cavities and the like, and improves the rigidity, tensile strength and toughness of the wire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of additive manufacturing and metal materials.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material combines the mechanical and physical properties of the reinforcement and the aluminum alloy material, and has the characteristics of high specific strength, specific modulus, wear resistance, low expansibility, high thermal conductivity and the like. Under the composite effect, the composite material also has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, creep resistance, heat resistance, vibration reduction and the like. However, the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material has poor machinability and insufficient melt flowability, so that structural members having complicated shapes and large sizes cannot be manufactured using conventional casting methods and the like. Therefore, it is generally necessary to use a joining process such as welding for structural assembly. However, there are few corresponding composite materials available as filler metals in the welding process, and interfacial reactions between the particles and the aluminum melt tend to occur, resulting in the formation of an intermediate brittle phase, which in turn affects the properties of the welded material.
And the requirement of manufacturing complex structural parts can be met by adopting an additive manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM for short). The arc additive manufacturing and the friction stir additive manufacturing are widely applied because of the characteristics of low equipment cost, large forming structure and the like. Wherein the selection of the wire is critical; on the other hand, since wires are mainly produced by drawing with a large deformation amount, aluminum-based composite materials are generally considered unsuitable for drawing, and reports on aluminum-based composite materials are very few. Patent CN110578078A (a preparation method and application of an aluminum-based composite welding wire) provides an aluminum-based composite welding wire and a preparation method thereof, and firstly, semi-solid stirring and ultrasonic auxiliary casting methods are used for successfully realizing the purpose of introducing SiC particles into an alloy and casting rod-shaped ingots with a certain size. Subsequently, the cast ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment and is subjected to multipass drawing treatment to obtain an aluminum base with a diameter of 3mmA composite welding wire. The method obviously improves the production efficiency of the welding wire and obviously reduces the production cost. However, this method may generate Al on the surface of silicon carbide 4 C 3 Brittle phase may also have defects such as particle agglomeration, air holes and the like, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of the wire. The patent CN 106736269A (a preparation method of a round aluminum-based composite wire) rolls an aluminum-based composite material into a plate with a certain size, then cuts the plate into square wires with the same width and thickness along the length direction, connects the square wires by a friction stir welding method to form square drawing blanks, and adopts a hot drawing mode to draw the round wires through round die holes after heat treatment annealing.
To overcome the above disadvantages. The invention provides a manufacturing method of a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire material which can be used for additive manufacturing. Uniformly mixing the reinforcement particles and aluminum alloy powder, and preparing an aluminum-based composite ingot blank through cold isostatic pressing and vacuum hot pressing sintering; performing hot extrusion on the ingot blank to form a round bar, adding the round bar into continuous extrusion equipment, and performing continuous extrusion deformation to obtain a bar; finally, the aluminum-based composite material wire for additive manufacturing is obtained after the rod blank is subjected to multi-pass stretching and surface treatment. By adopting the modes of hot extrusion, continuous extrusion and drawing, the blank can be subjected to multi-pass composite plastic deformation, so that the tissue is more uniform and finer, an oxide film in the composite material is damaged, and the comprehensive mechanical properties such as rigidity, strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being an Al-Si-based alloy; the reinforcing particles are SiC, tiC, tiB 2 At least one of them.
As a preferred embodiment of the composite wire according to the present invention, the mass fraction of the reinforcement particles in the composite wire is 5% to 30%, preferably 15% to 25%.
The al—si-based alloy in the present invention may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ZL101 aluminum alloy, a356 aluminum alloy, and ZL111 aluminum alloy, although other al—si-based alloys may be applied to the present invention.
As a preferable embodiment of the composite material wire according to the invention, the reinforcing particles have a size of 0.5 to 50 μm and are normally distributed.
As a preferred embodiment of the composite wire according to the invention, the reinforcing particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix phase.
The invention provides a preparation method of the composite welding wire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Ingot blank preparation
The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot blank is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforcement particle powder and the aluminum matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a blank body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the blank body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required aluminum matrix composite ingot blank.
(2) Hot extrusion deformation
And (3) carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the ingot blank obtained in the step (1) to obtain a bar with the diameter of 10-20 mm.
(3) Continuous extrusion
Continuously extruding the extruded bar material obtained in the step (2) to obtain the bar material with the diameter of 3-12 mm. Continuous extrusion can be continuously carried out, demoulding is not needed, and the rod material with the length meeting the requirement can be continuously and efficiently prepared.
(4) Wire drawing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the rod material obtained in the step (3), and finally obtaining the wire material with corresponding specification; the deformation of single drawing is 3-15%;
(5) Surface treatment
And (3) carrying out surface treatment on the silk material obtained in the step (4) to ensure that the surface is free of scratches, clean and dry, and controlling the oxygen content of the surface to be less than 0.1%.
In the step (1), the vacuum hot pressing sintering temperature is 540-600 ℃, preferably 570-590 ℃, the sintering pressure is 50-100MPa, preferably 70-80 MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 2-10 hours, preferably 3-5 hours.
In the step (2), the hot extrusion temperature is 460-580 ℃, preferably 510-530 ℃.
In the step (2), the extrusion ratio of the hot extrusion is preferably 12 to 14:1, which of course includes 13:1.
In the invention, horizontal extrusion can be performed during hot extrusion deformation. Of course, other extrusion means such as vertical extrusion, reverse extrusion, etc. may be used in the present invention.
In the step (3), the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 1-15 rpm. In continuous extrusion, the sample is fed into the extrusion apparatus for the first time, at a temperature of 200-260 ℃.
In continuous extrusion, the preferred extrusion ratio is controlled to be 5 to 7:1, which of course includes 6:1.
The invention firstly carries out hot extrusion with proper parameters and then carries out continuous extrusion with proper parameters; the aim is to preheat and pre-form the raw material by hot extrusion, and to more easily achieve the desired shape and dimensions in continuous extrusion. This process can increase the density and strength of the aluminum alloy article and help reduce the occurrence of cracks and defects. If the hot extrusion is not performed, the continuous extrusion directly causes problems such as defects in the continuously extruded rod. The invention adopts the modes of hot extrusion, continuous extrusion and drawing, and can lead the blank to be subjected to multi-pass composite plastic deformation, thereby leading the tissue to be more uniform and finer and damaging the oxide film in the composite material, and improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of rigidity, strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like.
In the step (4), in the multi-pass drawing process of the welding wire, the plasticity is gradually reduced, the drawing resistance is increased, and when the drawing is difficult, the welding wire needs to be subjected to intermediate annealing, so that the residual stress and the work hardening are eliminated. In practical application, after 2-3 times of drawing, one-time stress relief annealing is needed, the annealing temperature is 280-350 ℃, preferably 290-310 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.5-3 h. Finally, the wires with corresponding specifications are prepared, and the diameter of the wires is between 1 and 9 mm.
The multi-pass drawing is performed, the single drawing deformation amount is 4.5-7.5%, preferably 4.8-5.2%, and the total deformation amount of drawing is 40-60%, preferably 42-56%.
In the step (5), the wire material obtained in the step (4) is subjected to surface treatment to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films and greasy dirt on the surface of the welding wire, so that the aluminum-based composite material wire material which can be used for additive manufacturing is finally obtained. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire.
The aluminum-based composite material wire designed and prepared by the invention has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 245MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 180MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 3.0 percent. After optimization, the aluminum-based composite material wire designed and prepared by the invention has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 250MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 200MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 3.5 percent.
When the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy and the SiC is 15-25%, the tensile strength of the product can be 245-275MPa, the yield strength is 205-225 MPa and the elongation is 3-4.1%. Specifically: when the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy and the SiC consumption is 20%, the tensile strength of the product can be 245-265MPa, the yield strength is 208-225 MPa, and the elongation is 3-3.8%. When the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy and the dosage of SiC is 15%, the tensile strength of the product can be 245-255MPa, the yield strength is 205-210 MPa and the elongation is 3.9-4.1%. When the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy and the dosage of SiC is 25%, the tensile strength of the product can be 265-275MPa, the yield strength is 215-220 MPa and the elongation is 3.4-3.6%.
The aluminum-based composite material wire designed and prepared by the invention is characterized in that when the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy, tiB 2 When the amount of the alloy is 20%, the tensile strength of the product can be 259-261MPa, the yield strength is 214-216 MPa, and the elongation is 3.7-3.8%.
When the matrix is ZL101 aluminum alloy and the TiC consumption is 20%, the tensile strength of the product can be 269-271MPa, the yield strength is 229-231 MPa, and the elongation is 3.4-3.6%. When the product has low requirement on the elongation, the scheme has good tensile strength and yield strength.
When the matrix is A356 aluminum alloy and the SiC is used in 20%, the tensile strength of the product can be 275-277MPa, the yield strength is 199-201 MPa and the elongation is 4.4-4.6%. When the product has low requirement on yield strength, the scheme has good tensile strength and highest elongation.
The aluminum-based composite wires designed and prepared by the invention are applied to the field of additive manufacturing, including arc additive manufacturing and friction stir additive manufacturing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the aluminum-based composite material is manufactured into wires with certain specification, and the wires can be used for arc additive manufacturing and friction stir additive manufacturing technologies, so that the application space of the aluminum-based composite material is expanded;
(2) The aluminum-based composite material wire is prepared by the processes of powder metallurgy, hot extrusion, continuous extrusion and drawing, and the process ensures that the aluminum-based composite material wire has good surface quality and uniform and fine internal tissues, reduces the tissue defects such as cavities and the like, and improves the tensile strength and toughness of the wire.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing flow of an aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope microstructure of 20% SiC/ZL101 wire obtained in example 2;
FIG. 3 shows the scanning electron microscope microstructure of 25% SiC/ZL101 wire obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 15%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar to prepare a wire rod with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 5%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing at 300 ℃ for 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 250MPa, the yield strength is 208MPa, and the elongation is 4.0%.
Example 2
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 5%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing at 300 ℃ for 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 265MPa, the yield strength is 216MPa, and the elongation is 3.8%. FIG. 2 shows the microstructure after electropolishing. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the silicon carbide particles are more uniformly distributed in the matrix.
Example 3
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 25%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 5%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing at 300 ℃ for 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 270MPa, the yield strength is 217MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%. FIG. 3 shows the microstructure after electropolishing. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the silicon carbide particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix.
Example 4
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforcing particles are TiB 2 The size is 10 mu m, the reinforcing particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforcing particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 6rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 5%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 280 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 260MPa, the yield strength is 215MPa, and the elongation is 3.75%.
Example 5
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforcing particles are TiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforcing particles are in normal distribution (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforcing particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 600 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature was 580 ℃, and the extrusion ratio was 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 6rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 7%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 280 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 270MPa, the yield strength is 230MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%.
Example 6
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being an a356 aluminum alloy; the reinforced particles are SiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 560 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature was 500 ℃, and the extrusion ratio was 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 10%, the total drawing deformation amount is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing at 300 ℃ for 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 276MPa, the yield strength is 200MPa, and the elongation is 4.5%.
Example 7
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL111; the reinforced particles are SiC, the average size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 540 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 480 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation is about 5%, the total drawing deformation is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, one-time stress relief annealing is required, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 272MPa, the yield strength is 180MPa, and the elongation is 3%.
Example 8
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 3mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation is about 5%, the total drawing deformation is 55%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, one-time stress relief annealing is required, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning, drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 2 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 250MPa, the yield strength is 217MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%.
Example 9
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 20%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 480 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 3mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 5rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation is about 5%, the total drawing deformation is 55%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, one-time stress relief annealing is required, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning, drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 2 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 245MPa, the yield strength is 209MPa, and the elongation is 3%.
Example 10
An aluminum-based composite wire for additive manufacturing, the composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fraction of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire is 25%. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain a bar with the diameter of 16 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Continuous extrusion: continuously extruding the obtained extrusion bar material to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 3mm, wherein the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 8rpm, and the extrusion ratio is 6:1.
(4) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation amount is about 7%, the total drawing deformation amount is 55%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing at 300 ℃ for 2 hours.
(5) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning, drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 2 mm.
(6) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the embodiment is 261MPa, the yield strength is 225MPa, and the elongation is 3.7%.
Comparative example
An aluminum-based composite wire comprising a matrix phase and a particle reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being ZL101; the reinforced particles are SiC, the size is 10 mu m, the reinforced particles are normally distributed (the particle size distribution range is 1-50 mu m), and the mass fractions of the reinforced particles in the composite material wire are 15% respectively.
(1) Preparing an ingot blank: the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared by a powder metallurgy mode. And respectively weighing the reinforced particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixed powder into a green body through cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required ingot blank. The sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 580 ℃, the sintering pressure is 75MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 4 hours.
(2) Horizontal extrusion: and carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the obtained ingot blank to obtain the rod material with the diameter of 4 mm. The hot extrusion temperature is 520 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 13:1.
(3) Drawing a wire blank: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the obtained rod material, wherein the single drawing deformation is about 5%, the total drawing deformation is 43%, and after 2-3 times of drawing, one-time stress relief annealing is required, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours.
(4) Surface treatment: and carrying out surface treatment on the obtained wire to ensure that no scratch exists on the surface of the welding wire and remove impurities such as oxide films, greasy dirt and the like on the surface of the welding wire, and finally obtaining the aluminum-based composite wire which can be used for additive manufacturing. The specific method comprises scraping, ultrasonic cleaning, distilled water cleaning and drying, and finally vacuum sealing and preserving to avoid oxidation of the surface of the welding wire, so as to obtain the wire with the diameter of 3 mm.
(5) The tensile strength of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire prepared in the comparative example is 230MPa, the yield strength is 180MPa, and the elongation is 3%.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum matrix composite wire for additive manufacturing, characterized in that: the aluminum-based composite material wire comprises a matrix phase and a particle reinforced phase, wherein the matrix phase is an Al-Si alloy; the reinforcing particles are SiC, tiC, tiB 2 At least one of them.
2. The aluminum-based composite wire of claim 1, wherein: the mass fraction of the reinforcement particles in the composite material wire is 5% -30%.
3. The aluminum-based composite wire of claim 1, wherein: the size of the reinforced particles is 0.5-50 mu m, and the reinforced particles are normally distributed.
4. The aluminum-based composite wire of claim 1, wherein: the reinforcing particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix phase.
5. A method of producing an aluminum-based composite wire as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Ingot blank preparation
Respectively weighing the reinforcement particle powder and the matrix powder, uniformly mixing by a ball mill, pressing the mixed powder into a green body by cold isostatic pressing, and then placing the green body into a vacuum hot press for vacuum hot press sintering to finally obtain the required aluminum-based composite material ingot blank;
(2) Hot extrusion deformation
Carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the ingot blank obtained in the step (1) to obtain a bar with the diameter of 10-20 mm;
(3) Continuous extrusion
Continuously extruding the extruded bar material obtained in the step (2) to prepare a bar material with the diameter of 3-12 mm;
(4) Wire blank drawing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the rod material obtained in the step (3), and finally obtaining the wire material with corresponding specification; the deformation of single drawing is 3-15%;
(5) Surface treatment
And (3) carrying out surface treatment on the silk material obtained in the step (4) to ensure that the surface is free of scratches, clean and dry, and controlling the oxygen content of the surface to be less than 0.1%.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material wire according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the sintering temperature of vacuum hot pressing is 540-600 ℃, the sintering pressure is 50-100MPa, and the heat preservation and hot pressing are carried out for 2-10h.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material wire according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (2), the hot extrusion temperature is 460-580 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material wire according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (3), the continuous extrusion rotating speed is 1-15 rpm.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material wire according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (4), after drawing for 2-3 times, carrying out one-time stress relief annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 280-350 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.5-3 h; finally, the wires with corresponding specifications are prepared, and the diameter of the wires is between 1 and 9 mm.
10. An aluminum-based composite wire as in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: applications of the aluminum-based composite wire in the field of additive manufacturing include use in arc additive manufacturing and friction stir additive manufacturing.
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