CN117879046B - Low-carbon regulation and control method and device for wind, light and hydrogen storage system - Google Patents

Low-carbon regulation and control method and device for wind, light and hydrogen storage system Download PDF

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CN117879046B
CN117879046B CN202410280772.9A CN202410280772A CN117879046B CN 117879046 B CN117879046 B CN 117879046B CN 202410280772 A CN202410280772 A CN 202410280772A CN 117879046 B CN117879046 B CN 117879046B
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hydrogen
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CN117879046A (en
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刘念
严金炜
张宽
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a low-carbon regulation and control method and a device for a wind, light and hydrogen storage system, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining characteristic parameters of various devices in the system; establishing a corresponding carbon emission model according to characteristic parameters of various devices in the system; constructing a carbon flow tracing model of the system according to the carbon emission model; calculating the network loss allocation rate when the system operates, and constructing a network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model by combining a carbon flow tracing model; constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-light-hydrogen storage system according to the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions; solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and benefit; according to the method, the network loss allocation rate is calculated based on the network loss generation factor and combined with the line physics and line parameters, the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body is divided, the carbon fairness of the power system is maintained, the main bodies of all parties can be stimulated to realize the carbon emission responsibility, and an accurate judgment basis is provided for implementing carbon excitation or carbon punishment measures.

Description

Low-carbon regulation and control method and device for wind, light and hydrogen storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind, light and hydrogen storage systems, in particular to a low-carbon regulation and control method and device for a wind, light and hydrogen storage system.
Background
The carbon emission of the electric power system is always in the first place as an important energy department, aiming at the carbon emission reduction responsibility allocation of the power generation main body and the power utilization main body, which is a great key problem for making an energy saving and emission reduction policy, the existing carbon emission reduction responsibility allocation method generally takes the carbon emission reduction responsibility on the side of the power generation main body, and the carbon emission responsibility definition brings larger emission reduction pressure to the region with abundant electric power. The method adopts a mode of uniformly spreading a power generation main body and a power utilization main body, the method divides the carbon responsibility for the power generation side and the power utilization side, but in the actual power transmission process, the network loss is inevitably generated, and according to the attachment characteristic of the carbon flow, the network loss is actually accompanied with certain equivalent carbon emission, but the existing carbon emission reduction and distribution method considers the network loss, so that the carbon emission responsibility and the corresponding economic cost cannot be reasonably distributed, and the carbon fairness of a power system is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-carbon regulation and control method and device for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, which concretely adopts the following technical scheme:
A low-carbon regulation and control method for a wind-light-hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps:
Acquiring characteristic parameters of various devices in a wind-light-hydrogen storage system, wherein the devices in the wind-light-hydrogen storage system comprise a zero-carbon generating set, a fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment;
according to the characteristics and parameters of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, establishing corresponding carbon emission models one by one, wherein the carbon emission models comprise a zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model, a fuel generating set carbon emission model, a carbon capture device carbon emission model and an energy storage device carbon emission model;
according to the carbon emission model, constructing a carbon flow tracing model of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system;
Calculating the net loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates, and constructing a net loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body by combining the carbon flow tracing model;
respectively constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-light hydrogen storage system according to the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of the optimization decision model;
and solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and optimal operation benefit.
Optionally: the process for calculating the network loss allocation rate when the wind, light and hydrogen storage system operates comprises the following steps:
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wherein, For the transmission branchThe corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; For the transmission branch A length; For the transmission branch Active power transmitted; The actual total distance from the power generation main body to the energy utilization main body is the energy source; The total electric energy transmitted to the energy utilization main body by the power generation main body; For the transmission branch Impedance per unit value of (a); For the transmission branch Absolute value of voltage difference between the first node and the last node; For the transmission branch An operating voltage reference value of (a); One interval of time within each scheduling period.
Optionally: the step of constructing the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body comprises the following steps of:
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wherein, For the transmission branchIs equivalent to carbon emission by active loss; For the transmission branch Is a net loss carbon flow rate; power transmission branch for a power generating main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; For the transmission branch The corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; For power transmission branch borne by energy main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; Equivalent carbon emission share of active loss of all branches born by a power generation main body in a single power transmission process; equivalent carbon emission share for active loss of all branches born by the energy main body in a single power transmission process; all branches which are subjected to single power transmission flow are collected, and the directions of all branches are consistent with the direction of the power flow; One interval of time within each scheduling period.
Optionally: the zero carbon unit carbon emission model comprises:
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wherein, The carbon emission intensity of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric unit is; Carbon emission is the carbon emission of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric turbine generator;
The carbon emission model of the fuel generating set comprises the following components:
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Wherein the method comprises the steps of For fuel generating setsIs a unit electric energy consumption fuel amount; Respectively fuel generator sets Characteristic parameters of (2); For fuel-electric generating sets Active power of (2); For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon emission intensity of (2); is a correction coefficient; Is the molar mass of carbon dioxide; Is the molar mass of carbon; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon content and carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; Carbon capture efficiency for the carbon capture device;
the carbon emission model of the carbon capture apparatus includes:
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wherein, In a carbon capture deviceThe amount of carbon dioxide captured during the time period; The trapping efficiency of the carbon trapping device; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon emission intensity of (2); For fuel generating set Active power of the time period; In a carbon capture device Carbon dioxide amount not captured for a period of time; The energy consumption for the operation of the carbon capture equipment; fixing energy consumption for the carbon capture equipment; The energy consumption coefficient of the carbon capture equipment;
The energy storage device carbon emission model includes:
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wherein, Is thatThe carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; Is that The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; when the energy storage device is in the electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when Equivalent carbon emission carried by energy injected into the energy storage equipment in a period; when the energy storage device is in the electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the energy storage equipment flows out in a period; a set of all branches for inputting electrical energy to the energy storage device; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineActive power flowing into the energy storage device in a period of time; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineBranch carbon flow density flowing into the energy storage device in time period; in order to store energy The stored energy output power of the time period; for one time interval within each scheduling period; Representation of The capacity of the time period energy storage device; Representation of The capacity of the time period energy storage device.
Optionally: the energy storage device carbon emission model comprises an electric energy storage device carbon emission model and a hydrogen energy storage device carbon emission model,
The electrical energy storage device carbon emission model includes:
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wherein, Is thatThe carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; Is that The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; when the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the electric energy storage equipment in a period of time; when the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when Carbon emission amount of energy source in the electric energy storage equipment; a set of all branches for charging the electrical energy storage device; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineActive power flowing into the electrical energy storage device during a time period; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineBranch carbon flow density into the electrical energy storage device at a time period; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The density of external carbon emission relative to the interior of the electric energy storage device when the electric energy storage device is discharged; for one time interval within each scheduling period; Is that The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; Is that The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; representing a maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device;
the hydrogen storage device carbon emission model includes:
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wherein, In the electrolytic tankThe stored energy of the hydrogen gas is generated in a period of time; Is an electrolytic tank Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; The hydrogen production efficiency for the electrolysis cell; is the power generated by the fuel cell; is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell; for hydrogen power input to the fuel cell; Is the consumption rate of the hydrogen energy storage equipment; The hydrogen filling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; In the hydrogen storage tank Hydrogen storage amount in the period; In the hydrogen storage tank Hydrogen storage amount in the period; For storing hydrogen in The charging power of the time period; For storing hydrogen in Hydrogen discharge power of the time period; Is that Carbon storage rate corresponding to the hydrogen energy storage equipment in the period; Is that Carbon storage rate corresponding to the hydrogen energy storage equipment in the period; when the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the hydrogen energy storage equipment in a period; when the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the hydrogen energy storage equipment flows out in a period; a set of all branches for transmitting electricity to the electrolyzer of the hydrogen storage device; Is the first The active power of the electrolytic cell is input on the strip transmission branch; Is the first Branch carbon flow density of the input electrolytic tank on the branch of the transmission line; One interval of time within each scheduling period.
Optionally: the carbon flow traceability model of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprises:
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wherein, Column vectors formed by active power matrixes of all node power generation equipment in the power flow network; Is a node Active power of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; Is the first wind-light hydrogen storage system The power output of the energy storage device,The carbon storage rate is corresponding to the energy storage equipment; Column vectors formed for the carbon emission intensity of each unit; Is a node The carbon emission intensity of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; Is the first Column vectors with 1 component and 0 for the remaining components; For the transmission branch Branch carbon flow rate of (2); For the transmission branch Branch carbon flow density of (2); For the transmission branch Active power transmitted; Is a node Active power transmitted; Is a node Active power transmitted; A power flow distribution matrix for the power flow network; For the transmission branch Active loss of (2); For the transmission branch Is a net loss carbon flow rate; Is a node Is a node carbon potential of (c).
Optionally: according to the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, the step of constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps:
The step of constructing an optimized decision model of the user comprises the following steps:
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wherein, For the node of electric power user in wind-light hydrogen storage systemA dynamic carbon emission factor of the time period; Is a node At the position ofThe magnitude of the carbon potential of the time period; Carbon emission reduction for power consumer in single period T; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers An amount of load increase in the inner part; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers Load reduction in; Carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; a unit carbon emission reduction subsidy for government administration of carbon emission reduction to power consumers; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system User load management costs for the time period;、 And The cost coefficients are managed by the user load of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system respectively; carbon emission penalty costs corresponding to grid loss equivalent carbon emission responsibilities assumed during power consumer energy use; Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; For power transmission branch borne by energy main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; all branch sets through which the single electric energy transmission flows are collected; for one time interval within each scheduling period;
The method for constructing the optimal decision model of the wind-light hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps of:
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wherein, Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage systemThe running cost of the time period; the cost is managed for the user load of the wind-light hydrogen storage system; The carbon emission penalty cost corresponding to the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility borne during the energy utilization period of the power consumer; Carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; in the wind-light hydrogen storage system for the fuel unit The running cost of the time period; in time period for electric energy storage unit in wind, light and hydrogen storage system Charging and discharging costs of (2); for hydrogen energy storage equipment in wind-light hydrogen storage system in period of time Is not limited by the operating cost of (a); Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; Is in a wind-light hydrogen storage system Remaining carbon quota of the period; cost coefficients for the system operators and the external hydrogen energy buyers when the hydrogen energy is traded; the method comprises the steps of storing hydrogen energy and selling hydrogen for a wind-solar hydrogen storage system; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system The output of each unit equipment in the time period; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system Total power load of the time period; The method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing a cost coefficient for electric energy transaction when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system purchases electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; the method comprises the steps that a cost coefficient of electric energy transaction is generated when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system sells electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; For fuel generating set Active power of the time period; the fuel cost coefficients of the fuel units are respectively; the unit charge and discharge cost of the electric energy storage unit; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The utilization rate of the hydrogen energy storage unit is improved; The service life of the hydrogen energy storage unit is prolonged; configuring a capacity cost coefficient for an electrolytic cell unit; Configuring a capacity cost coefficient for a fuel cell unit; Configuring a capacity for the electrolytic cell; Configuring a capacity for the fuel cell; Is in a wind-light hydrogen storage system Remaining carbon quota of the period; Representing an initial free carbon emission allowance allocated to the wind-solar hydrogen storage system; Is the carbon emission intensity of the fuel unit.
Optionally: the constraint conditions comprise a user optimization decision model constraint condition and a wind, light and hydrogen storage system optimization decision model constraint condition;
the user optimization decision model constraint conditions include:
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wherein, An adjustable load upper limit for the power consumer in each period; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers An amount of load increase in the inner part; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers Load reduction in; A binary variable indicating that the user is in an increased load state; A binary variable indicating that the user is in a reduced load state; The upper load limit of the power consumer in each period; Is that Time period baseline load; The maximum power consumption change value in a single period T of the power consumer is obtained; .
The constraint conditions of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system optimization decision model comprise:
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wherein, For fuel generating setActive power of the time period; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; is the power generated by the fuel cell; Is an electrolytic tank Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; the method comprises the steps that electric quantity purchased or sold to a public power grid in a t period is obtained for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system Total power load of the time period; Generating power for a wind turbine generator in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; Generating power for a photovoltaic unit in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; Is the minimum active power value of a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system, The maximum value of the active power of a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; a binary variable indicative of a state of charge of the electrical energy storage device; A binary variable indicative of a discharge state of the electrical energy storage device; a charging power maximum for the electrical energy storage device; maximum discharge power for the electrical energy storage device; Indicating that an electrical energy storage device is in a period of time Is a capacity of (2); Indicating that an electrical energy storage device is in a period of time Is a capacity of (2); the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The maximum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; The minimum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; representing the maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device.
Optionally, the optimization decision model is solved in a MATLAB environment by adopting a Cplex tool box.
The invention also discloses a low-carbon regulating device for the wind-light-hydrogen storage system, the low-carbon regulating device adopts the low-carbon regulating method, and the low-carbon regulating device comprises:
The carbon emission model determining module is used for establishing corresponding carbon emission models one by one according to the characteristics and parameters of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system;
the carbon flow tracing model determining module is used for constructing carbon flow tracing models of various devices in the wind-light hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission model;
the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model determining module is used for calculating the network loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates and constructing a network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy utilization main body;
The optimization decision model determining module is used for respectively constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-solar hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission modeling, the carbon flow tracing model and the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of each optimization decision model;
and the solving and calculating module is used for solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and an optimal operation benefit.
Advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The low-carbon regulation and control method disclosed by the invention is based on the network loss generation cause, calculates the network loss allocation rate by combining the line physical and electric power factors, establishes a network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body, maintains the 'carbon fairness' of the electric power system, can excite the main bodies of all sides to realize the carbon emission responsibility, and provides a more accurate judgment basis for implementing carbon excitation or carbon punishment measures.
(2) According to the low-carbon regulation and control method, based on the carbon emission flow theory, the energy storage equipment is incorporated into a carbon fluid system of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, so that the integrity of carbon flow calculation is ensured, and the accuracy of carbon calculation is improved; in addition, based on the characteristics of the energy storage equipment, the calculation of the carbon storage rate of the energy storage equipment is realized, and the existing carbon flow index calculation methods such as the branch carbon flow rate, the net loss carbon flow rate, the branch carbon flow density, the node carbon potential and the like are improved based on the carbon storage rate, so that the carbon calculation process of the energy storage equipment is perfected, and the carbon emission traceability process of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system is more accurate.
(3) The low-carbon regulation and control method constructs a user optimization decision model driven by dynamic carbon emission factors, taking carbon emission reduction benefits as excitation, taking load management cost as constraint and taking carbon punishment measures as guarantee based on the node carbon flow index information obtained by the carbon flow tracing model, so that a user can timely know the equivalent carbon emission effect corresponding to the current electricity consumption behavior, gives the user low-carbon electricity consumption planning information reference from a carbon view angle, stimulates the power user to actively and rationally participate in low-carbon load management while guaranteeing self electricity consumption and economic benefits, and assists the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system to promote the carbon emission reduction action.
(4) According to the low-carbon regulation and control method, a system operator is used as a centralized manager of the wind-light hydrogen storage system, various devices and various energy sources of the wind-light hydrogen storage system are managed and allocated, electric energy, hydrogen energy and carbon quota transactions are uniformly carried out through the system operator and an external public power grid, a hydrogen energy purchasing company and a carbon market, low-carbon operation of the wind-light hydrogen storage system is maintained with the aim of optimal economic and environmental comprehensive benefits, users are guided to actively participate in low-carbon demand response, clean energy consumption of the wind-light hydrogen storage system is promoted, and carbon emission reduction actions are promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low-carbon control method in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an algorithm for solving an optimal decision model of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system and a user in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-carbon control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a low carbon regulation mechanism of a wind-light hydrogen storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application.
At present, the existing wind-light hydrogen storage system has partial defects: firstly, the existing wind-light-hydrogen storage system has less research on carbon flow tracing, the carbon emission modeling of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system is not fully combined with the carbon emission flow theory, the excavation degree of the low-carbon characteristic of hydrogen energy is low, secondly, the existing wind-light-hydrogen storage system excludes the energy storage system from the carbon flow system in the process of establishing a carbon emission model, the carbon flow system of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system is incomplete, the existing carbon flow tracing process is stopped when carbon flows into energy storage equipment, and the carbon flow flows out in the discharge stage of the energy storage equipment are considered, so that the carbon flow calculation error of the electric power system is increased, and scientific and reasonable allocation of the carbon emission responsibility is not facilitated; again, in the existing wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, carbon flow tracing and carbon emission metering aiming at an energy storage system are not considered by calculation, and a calculation method for energy storage equipment (especially hydrogen energy storage equipment) is lacked; in the subsequent carbon emission responsibility allocation stage, the carbon emission responsibility allocation is unfair due to the lack of tracing the carbon flow of the energy storage equipment, and the line loss in the power transmission process is not considered in the existing carbon flow tracing process, the equivalent carbon emission of the part is not considered, so that the carbon emission responsibility and the corresponding economic cost cannot be reasonably and fairly allocated; finally, the demand response aiming at the user side in the existing research is still mostly a traditional peak shifting and valley filling type response mode driven by electricity, namely the demand response driven by the electric energy transaction cost coefficient, and the response mode can achieve good cost reduction effect on the economic level for the user, but cannot meet the carbon emission control requirement of low-carbon emission reduction. The user can not know the equivalent carbon emission effect corresponding to the current electricity consumption behavior in time, the information reference of the carbon deficiency view angle of electricity consumption planning can not actively participate in low-carbon demand response through environmental awareness, and the environmental benefit of electricity consumption is difficult to guarantee.
In this embodiment, with respect to the loss generated during the transmission of the power line, the supply and demand relationship between the energy source and the load demand determines the energy flow, so that the energy consumption main body must bear a certain carbon emission responsibility for the energy loss generated by the energy flow caused by the energy consumption demand of the energy consumption main body, although the energy source is from the power generation main body. Based on the carbon emission flow theory in this embodiment, a "net loss allocation rate" parameter is proposed, where the net loss allocation rate is used to characterize the ratio of net loss generated in the power transmission process to allocation of the power consumption main body and the power generation main body. In addition, the embodiment provides a carbon storage rate (Carbon storage ratio, CSR) parameter aiming at the energy storage device, wherein the carbon storage rate is used for representing the carbon emission amount of the energy stored in the energy storage device after electric energy conversion, the carbon storage rate parameter can represent the carbon emission amount of the electric energy storage device, the hydrogen energy storage device and other types of energy storage devices, and the carbon storage rate is used for more conveniently tracing the carbon flow change of a wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprising the electric energy storage device and the hydrogen energy storage device.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a low-carbon regulation method for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, which comprises the following steps:
Acquiring characteristic parameters of various devices in a wind-light-hydrogen storage system, wherein the devices in the wind-light-hydrogen storage system comprise a zero-carbon generating set, a fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment;
according to characteristic parameters of the zero-carbon generating set, the fuel generating set, the carbon trapping device and the energy storage device, establishing a zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model, a fuel generating set carbon emission model, a carbon trapping device carbon emission model and an energy storage device carbon emission model one by one;
constructing a carbon flow traceability model of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system according to the zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model, the fuel generating set carbon emission model, the carbon trapping equipment carbon emission model and the energy storage equipment carbon emission model;
Calculating the net loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates, and constructing a net loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body by combining the carbon flow tracing model;
respectively constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-light hydrogen storage system according to the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of the optimization decision model;
and solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and optimal operation benefit.
In the embodiment, the carbon fluid system of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system is supplemented and perfected, and the energy storage equipment is counted into the carbon fluid system, particularly the hydrogen energy storage equipment, so that the integrity of carbon flow calculation is ensured, and the accuracy of carbon calculation is improved; in addition, based on the characteristics of the energy storage equipment, the calculation of the carbon storage rate of the energy storage equipment is realized, a carbon emission model of the energy storage equipment is constructed, a carbon traceability model corresponding to each equipment can be obtained through calculation based on each carbon emission model, further, carbon flow indexes such as branch carbon flow rate, net loss carbon flow rate, branch carbon flow density, node carbon potential and the like of the corresponding equipment are obtained, the carbon flow calculation process of the whole wind-solar-hydrogen storage system is perfected, and the carbon flow traceability result is more accurate.
Specifically, various devices in the wind-light hydrogen storage system in this embodiment mainly include several types: zero carbon generating set, fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment.
In more detail, in this embodiment, for each device in the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, the characteristic parameters of the corresponding device may be obtained respectively, and then a corresponding carbon-emission model is built according to the characteristic parameters of each device:
(1) Aiming at the zero-carbon generator set, the generation of cleaning is required, the carbon emission is basically zero in the running process of the generator set, and the carbon emission intensity is also zero, so that the zero-carbon generator set carbon emission model can be characterized as follows:
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wherein, The carbon emission intensity of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric unit is; The carbon emission is the carbon emission of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric turbine generator.
(2) For the fuel generating set, the fuel generating set is a main source for generating carbon emission in a wind-light hydrogen storage system, so the carbon emission model of the fuel generating set can be characterized as follows:
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Wherein the method comprises the steps of For fuel generating setsIs a unit electric energy consumption fuel amount; Respectively fuel generator sets Characteristic parameters of (2); For fuel-electric generating sets Active power of (2); For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon emission intensity of (2); is a correction coefficient; Is the molar mass of carbon dioxide; Is the molar mass of carbon; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon content and carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; Is the carbon trapping efficiency of the carbon trapping device.
(3) Aiming at the carbon trapping device, carbon dioxide generated by fuel consumption in the electric energy production stage of devices such as a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system is mainly trapped, so that the whole external carbon emission of the system is reduced. The carbon emission model of the carbon capture plant can be characterized as:
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wherein, In a carbon capture deviceThe amount of carbon dioxide captured during the time period; The trapping efficiency of the carbon trapping device; For fuel-electric generating sets Carbon emission intensity of (2); For fuel generating set Active power of the time period; In a carbon capture device Carbon dioxide amount not captured for a period of time; The energy consumption for the operation of the carbon capture equipment; fixing energy consumption for the carbon capture equipment; Is the energy consumption coefficient of the carbon capture equipment.
(5) For the energy storage device, it generally has the characteristics of "conversion, storage, re-conversion", which is part of the closed loop of the power flow system, which maintains conservation of electrical energy in conjunction with other power devices within the system. According to the theory of carbon emission flow, the carbon emission flow has the dependence on the power flow, the electric energy produced by the non-pure clean energy source corresponds to a certain amount of carbon emission equivalent to the power generation side, on the basis of the power flow system based on the conservation of electric energy, the research and discovery of the carbon fluid system of the electric power system are carried out, when the energy storage device works normally and consumes electric energy (namely, has electric energy inflow) for energy storage, the carbon flow flows into the energy storage device, if the energy storage device is ignored at the carbon fluid level, the electric energy corresponds to the situation that the carbon flow enters or exits at the energy storage device, and the electric energy is in violation of the carbon conservation, so that the calculation error of the carbon flow of the system is increased, and the scientific and reasonable allocation of the responsibility of the carbon emission is not facilitated. Therefore, according to the embodiment, by combining the characteristics of the energy storage device, the carbon flow condition of the energy storage device during the actions of 'storage, reconversion' and the like is completed along with the research of the carbon flow flowing into the energy storage device, so that the carbon calculation of the energy storage device is perfected, the energy storage device is brought into a carbon flow system of an electric power system on the basis of 'carbon conservation', and the research of the carbon flow system can be further perfected.
In this embodiment, for calculating the carbon flow of the energy storage device, a "carbon storage rate" (Carbon storage ratio, CSR) parameter is provided for characterizing the amount of carbon emissions attached to the energy stored in the energy storage device after conversion of the electrical energy, by a symbolAnd (3) representing. The physical meaning of the parameter is as follows: the carbon emission quantity generated on the power generation side is equivalent to the attached carbon emission quantity of each unit energy stored in the energy storage device. Based on the carbon storage rate parameters, modeling can be performed on carbon emissions corresponding to the conversion, storage and reconversion series processes of various energy storage devices. The energy storage device carbon emission model may be characterized as:
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wherein, Is thatThe carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; Is that The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; when the energy storage device is in the electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when Equivalent carbon emission carried by energy injected into the energy storage equipment in a period; when the energy storage device is in the electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the energy storage equipment flows out in a period; a set of all branches for inputting electrical energy to the energy storage device; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineActive power flowing into the energy storage device in a period of time; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineBranch carbon flow density flowing into the energy storage device in time period; in order to store energy The stored energy output power of the time period; for one time interval within each scheduling period; Representation of The capacity of the time period energy storage device; Representation of The capacity of the time period energy storage device.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the energy storage devices in the wind-light hydrogen storage system generally include two types: the carbon emission models of the electric energy storage device and the hydrogen energy storage device have certain differences.
For an electrical energy storage device, the electrical energy storage device in a charged (discharged) state can generally be regarded as a special load (power supply). According to the attached characteristics of the carbon emission flow, the electric energy storage charging and discharging process is actually accompanied by the injection and outflow of the carbon flow. In addition, the charge and discharge efficiency of the electric energy storage can cause partial electric energy loss, so that carbon emission accompanied by the partial loss needs to be considered when the electric energy storage device is subjected to carbon emission modeling. And when the electric energy storage equipment discharges (as a special power supply), the discharge carbon emission is measured according to the unit carbon emission intensity similar to that adopted by the generator unit at the power generation side, and the corresponding carbon emission intensity index of the electric energy storage equipment adopts the carbon storage rate parameter representation.
The carbon emission model of the electrical energy storage device can be characterized as:
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wherein, Is thatThe carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; Is that The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; when the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the electric energy storage equipment in a period of time; when the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, when Carbon emission amount of energy source in the electric energy storage equipment; a set of all branches for charging the electrical energy storage device; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineActive power flowing into the electrical energy storage device during a time period; Is the first In the branch of the transmission lineBranch carbon flow density into the electrical energy storage device at a time period; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The density of external carbon emission relative to the interior of the electric energy storage device when the electric energy storage device is discharged; for one time interval within each scheduling period; Is that The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; Is that The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; representing a maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device;
For the hydrogen energy storage device, the hydrogen energy storage device main body comprises an electrolytic tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell, wherein electric energy is prepared into hydrogen through the electrolytic tank and stored in the hydrogen storage tank to be supplied to the fuel cell for generating electricity and heating. The hydrogen energy storage device is taken as a whole for analysis, the current flowing into the electrolytic tank is found to be equivalent to the carbon flow flowing into the hydrogen energy storage device, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen to send electricity and thermal power outwards, so that the carbon emission equivalent to the consumed hydrogen can be regarded as flowing to a target node along with the form of the electricity and thermal power, and the carbon emission is represented by the carbon storage rate. The hydrogen storage device carbon emission model can be characterized as:
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wherein, In the electrolytic tankThe stored energy of the hydrogen gas is generated in a period of time; Is an electrolytic tank Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; The hydrogen production efficiency for the electrolysis cell; is the power generated by the fuel cell; is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell; for hydrogen power input to the fuel cell; Is the consumption rate of the hydrogen energy storage equipment; The hydrogen filling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; In the hydrogen storage tank Hydrogen storage amount in the period; In the hydrogen storage tank Hydrogen storage amount in the period; For storing hydrogen in The charging power of the time period; For storing hydrogen in Hydrogen discharge power of the time period; Is that Carbon storage rate corresponding to the hydrogen energy storage equipment in the period; Is that Carbon storage rate corresponding to the hydrogen energy storage equipment in the period; when the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the hydrogen energy storage equipment in a period; when the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state The equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the hydrogen energy storage equipment flows out in a period; a set of all branches for transmitting electricity to the electrolyzer of the hydrogen storage device; Is the first The active power of the electrolytic cell is input on the strip transmission branch; Is the first Branch carbon flow density of the input electrolytic tank on the branch of the transmission line; One interval of time within each scheduling period.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, a carbon flow tracing model in the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system is constructed based on the carbon emission model, where the carbon flow tracing model is used to determine carbon flow indexes of various devices, and the carbon flow indexes include: branch carbon flow rate, grid loss carbon flow rate, branch carbon flow density, node carbon potential and the like, wherein the branch carbon flow rate is used for representing carbon emission equivalent to a power generation side, which flows along with power flow in any power transmission branch unit time; the network loss carbon flow rate is used for representing carbon emission equivalent to the power generation side caused by network loss in unit time of any power transmission branch; the branch carbon flow density is used for representing carbon emission equivalent to a power generation side caused by the transmission unit electric energy of the power transmission branch; the node carbon potential is used to characterize the carbon emissions equivalent to the power generation side produced by the consumption of unit electrical energy at a node.
In detail, the carbon flow tracing model of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprises:
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wherein, Column vectors formed by active power matrixes of all node power generation equipment in the power flow network; Is a node Active power of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; Is the first wind-light hydrogen storage system The power output of the energy storage device,The carbon storage rate is corresponding to the energy storage equipment; it should be noted that if the energy storage device is an electrical energy storage device, thenFor the discharge power of the electrical energy storage device when discharging,Carbon storage rate when discharging the electrical energy storage device; if the energy storage device is a hydrogen energy storage device, thenIs the generated power of the fuel cell in the hydrogen storage device,Carbon storage rate for a fuel cell in a hydrogen storage device; Column vectors formed for the carbon emission intensity of each unit; Is a node The carbon emission intensity of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; Is the first Column vectors with 1 component and 0 for the remaining components; For the transmission branch Branch carbon flow rate of (2); For the transmission branch Branch carbon flow density of (2); For the transmission branch Active power transmitted; Is a node Active power transmitted; Is a node Active power transmitted; A power flow distribution matrix for the power flow network; For the transmission branch Active loss of (2); For the transmission branch Is a net loss carbon flow rate; Is a node Is a node carbon potential of (c).
Specifically, in this embodiment, the power flow distribution matrix of the power flow networkThe reasonable allocation of the unit power generation power at the power generation side to each node at the load side and the reasonable allocation of each power transmission branch and the loss of each power transmission branch of the power flow network can be realized, and the carbon emission responsibility of each side to be borne is defined.The elements are calculated as follows:
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wherein, For the transmission branchActive power of the upper transmission; Is that An upstream node set of nodes; Is a node Active power transmitted.
In a power flow network,Is a nodeThe corresponding aggregate of all power flows into the branch,Is a nodeThe power flowing through. According to the proportion sharing principle, for nodesCorresponding firstStrip inflow branch and the firstActive power flows on the outgoing branches are respectivelyAndFirst, theThe first one contained in the strip outlet branchThe components of the injection branch areThe following relationship holds:
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Based on the proportion sharing principle and the above tide relation, the tide distribution matrix can be deduced 。
Further, when the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model is constructed, the network loss allocation rate during the operation of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system needs to be calculated first, the network loss is inevitably generated in the electric power line in the electric power transmission process, and according to the attachment characteristic of the carbon flow, the network loss is accompanied by a certain amount of equivalent carbon emission, and if the accuracy of the carbon flow tracing of the electric power system is to be improved, the equivalent carbon emission of the network loss needs to be considered.
As is clear from the cause of the generation of the grid loss, the supply and demand relationship between the energy source and the load demand determines the energy flow, and therefore, for the grid loss generated by the energy flow due to the energy demand of the energy consuming body itself, the energy flow is caused by the energy consuming body actively, and the energy consuming body is required to bear a certain carbon emission responsibility, although the energy comes from the generator set. Therefore, the invention provides a network loss allocation rate parameter to represent the proportion of network loss generated in the electric energy transmission process to be allocated by the energy utilization main body. The carbon emission allocation responsibility obtained based on the net loss allocation rate can ensure the fair division of the carbon emission responsibility between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body, can avoid weakening the carbon accumulation reduction polarity of the power generation main body, and simultaneously drives the energy consumption main body to actively participate in the carbon emission reduction process. The coefficient is related to the factors of the current line length, the material, the voltage quality, the transmission power and the like, and the specific expression is as follows:
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wherein, For the transmission branchThe corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; For the transmission branch A length; For the transmission branch Active power transmitted; The actual total distance from the power generation main body to the energy utilization main body is the energy source; The total electric energy transmitted to the energy utilization main body by the power generation main body; For the transmission branch Impedance per unit value of (a); For the transmission branch Absolute value of voltage difference between the first node and the last node; For the transmission branch An operating voltage reference value of (a); One interval of time within each scheduling period.
The net loss allocation rate obtained in this embodiment can then be combined with a carbon flow tracing model to construct a net loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body:
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wherein, For the transmission branchIs equivalent to carbon emission by active loss; For the transmission branch Is a net loss carbon flow rate; power transmission branch for a power generating main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; For the transmission branch The corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; For power transmission branch borne by energy main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; Equivalent carbon emission share of active loss of all branches born by a power generation main body in a single power transmission process; equivalent carbon emission share for active loss of all branches born by the energy main body in a single power transmission process; all branches which are subjected to single power transmission flow are collected, and the directions of all branches are consistent with the direction of the power flow; One interval of time within each scheduling period.
According to the embodiment, the network loss allocation rate is utilized to establish a network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body, so that the carbon fairness of the power system is further maintained, the main bodies of all parties are stimulated to realize carbon emission responsibility, and a more accurate judgment basis is provided for implementing carbon excitation or carbon punishment measures.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, an optimization decision model is respectively established for the user and the wind, light and hydrogen storage system based on the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model.
Specifically, for each user in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, the carbon flow index information of each node of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system can be obtained by tracing based on a carbon flow tracing model, and the low-carbon demand response of the user is constructed according to the carbon flow index information and the principle of being driven by a dynamic carbon emission factor, using carbon emission reduction benefits as excitation and using load management cost as constraint, so as to excite the power user to ensure self electricity utilization and economic benefits, and simultaneously actively and rationally participate in low-carbon load management to assist the wind, light and hydrogen storage system to promote carbon emission reduction actions. Specifically, in this embodiment, the process of constructing the user's optimization decision model is as follows:
the dynamic carbon emission factor is calculated as follows:
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wherein, For the node of electric power user in wind-light hydrogen storage systemA dynamic carbon emission factor of the time period; Is a node At the position ofThe magnitude of the carbon potential of the time period.
Based on the dynamic carbon emission factor, the carbon emission reduction amount of the user and the carbon emission reduction benefit can be expressed as follows:
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wherein, Carbon emission reduction for power consumer in single period T; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers An amount of load increase in the inner part; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers Load reduction in; Carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; a unit carbon emission reduction subsidy for government administration of carbon emission reduction to power consumers; One interval of time within each scheduling period.
Meanwhile, the transfer and reduction of the power load bring inconvenience to the power user, the user can consider the potential economic cost caused by the load management at the same time when responding to the low-carbon demand, and the load management cost of the user can be expressed as:
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Wherein the method comprises the steps of Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage systemUser load management costs for the time period;、 And And the cost coefficients are respectively managed for the user loads of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system.
In addition, the power user is used as a main energy utilization main body of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, and certain network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility is required to be born in the power use process, and certain carbon emission punishment is applied, so that the low carbon property that the user can actively consider the energy utilization is further ensured. This portion of the carbon emission penalty cost may be expressed as:
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Wherein the method comprises the steps of Carbon emission penalty costs corresponding to grid loss equivalent carbon emission responsibilities assumed during power consumer energy use; Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; For power transmission branch borne by energy main body Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; All branches through which a single power transmission flows are collected.
It should be noted that, the optimization decision model for the user needs to constrain the model according to the load upper limit, the adjustable load upper limit, the maximum power consumption change value (considering the energy storage energy consumption) in the period, and the like, which participate in the adjustment capability of the low-carbon demand response, and the total load and the load adjustment state.
Wherein the following formula reflects the regulatory capability constraints of the user to participate in the low carbon demand response:
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the following formula ensures that the total load is substantially unchanged in a single period of the user:
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the following formula ensures that the user is not in both states of increasing/decreasing load at the same time during any period:
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wherein, An adjustable load upper limit for the power consumer in each period; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers An amount of load increase in the inner part; Time period in low-carbon response behavior for power consumers Load reduction in; A binary variable indicating that the user is in an increased load state; A binary variable indicating that the user is in a reduced load state; The upper load limit of the power consumer in each period; Is that Time period baseline load; is the maximum power consumption change value in a single period T of the power consumer.
The process for constructing the optimization decision model of the wind light hydrogen storage system in the embodiment is as follows:
For the wind-light hydrogen storage system, the whole operation cost of the wind-light hydrogen storage system is generally formed by the operation cost of various devices, the cost for participating in electric energy and hydrogen energy trading, the cost for participating in carbon quota trading, the user load management cost and the user carbon emission reduction income. And calculating the carbon quota transaction amount of each wind-light-hydrogen storage system in the coupling market based on the carbon flow tracing result of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system by taking the carbon flow change attached when electric energy transaction is carried out between the wind-light-hydrogen storage systems as the carbon emission metering change between the wind-light-hydrogen storage systems. For a wind-light hydrogen storage system, the lowest running cost is the final aim of the wind-light hydrogen storage system to be achieved by participating in energy-carbon quota transaction, and based on the principle, an optimization decision model of the wind-light hydrogen storage system can be characterized as follows:
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wherein, Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage systemThe running cost of the time period; the cost is managed for the user load of the wind-light hydrogen storage system; The carbon emission penalty cost corresponding to the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility borne during the energy utilization period of the power consumer; Carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; in the wind-light hydrogen storage system for the fuel unit The running cost of the time period; in time period for electric energy storage unit in wind, light and hydrogen storage system Charging and discharging costs of (2); for hydrogen energy storage equipment in wind-light hydrogen storage system in period of time Is not limited by the operating cost of (a); Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; Is in a wind-light hydrogen storage system Remaining carbon quota of the period; cost coefficients for the system operators and the external hydrogen energy buyers when the hydrogen energy is traded; the method comprises the steps of storing hydrogen energy and selling hydrogen for a wind-solar hydrogen storage system; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system The output of each unit equipment in the time period; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system Total power load of the time period; The method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing a cost coefficient for electric energy transaction when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system purchases electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; the method comprises the steps that a cost coefficient of electric energy transaction is generated when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system sells electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; For fuel generating set Active power of the time period; the fuel cost coefficients of the fuel units are respectively; the unit charge and discharge cost of the electric energy storage unit; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The utilization rate of the hydrogen energy storage unit is improved; The service life of the hydrogen energy storage unit is prolonged; configuring a capacity cost coefficient for an electrolytic cell unit; Configuring a capacity cost coefficient for a fuel cell unit; Configuring a capacity for the electrolytic cell; Configuring a capacity for the fuel cell; Is in a wind-light hydrogen storage system Remaining carbon quota of the period; Representing an initial free carbon emission allowance allocated to the wind-solar hydrogen storage system; Is the carbon emission intensity of the fuel unit.
It should be noted that, the operation constraint of each device such as the fuel unit and the energy storage device exists in the optimization decision model of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, and the internal power balance constraint of the wind, light and hydrogen storage system.
The following formula is a power balance constraint:
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The following formula is the operating constraint condition of the fuel class unit:
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the following formula is the operation constraint condition of the energy storage unit:
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wherein, For fuel generating setActive power of the time period; For the electric energy storage unit Charging power of the period; For the electric energy storage unit Discharge power of the period; is the power generated by the fuel cell; Is an electrolytic tank Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; the method comprises the steps that electric quantity purchased or sold to a public power grid in a t period is obtained for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system; Is used in wind-light hydrogen storage system Total power load of the time period; Generating power for a wind turbine generator in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; Generating power for a photovoltaic unit in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; Is the minimum active power value of a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system, The maximum value of the active power of a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; a binary variable indicative of a state of charge of the electrical energy storage device; A binary variable indicative of a discharge state of the electrical energy storage device; a charging power maximum for the electrical energy storage device; maximum discharge power for the electrical energy storage device; Indicating that an electrical energy storage device is in a period of time Is a capacity of (2); Indicating that an electrical energy storage device is in a period of time Is a capacity of (2); the charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; The maximum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; The minimum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; representing the maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device.
In the embodiment, the characteristics of the hydrogen energy storage equipment are utilized to correlate the hydrogen energy with the carbon emission, the conversion transaction is carried out on the carbon market in a carbon quota form, the low-carbon characteristic of the hydrogen energy is fully utilized, and the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system is subjected to low-carbon optimized scheduling under the electric-carbon-hydrogen coupling background. The wind-light hydrogen storage system comprises carbon emission, zero carbon and low carbon equipment, a system operator SO is used as a centralized manager of the wind-light hydrogen storage system, various equipment and various energy sources of the system are managed and allocated, electric energy, hydrogen energy and carbon quota transactions are uniformly carried out through the system operator and an external public power grid, a hydrogen energy purchasing company and a carbon market, low-carbon operation of the wind-light hydrogen storage system is maintained with the aim of optimal economic and environmental comprehensive benefits, users are guided to actively participate in low-carbon demand response, clean energy consumption in the wind-light hydrogen storage system is improved, and low-carbon emission reduction is promoted.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the calculation may be implemented by using Cplex toolboxes in a MATLAB environment by solving an optimization decision model of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system and a user, where the calculation steps include:
firstly, setting related parameters by a system operator SO, wherein the related parameters comprise characteristic parameters of various devices in a wind, light and hydrogen storage system, cost coefficients when the wind, light and hydrogen storage system carries out electric energy, hydrogen energy and carbon quota transaction with a public power grid, a hydrogen energy purchasing company and an external carbon market, initial free carbon quota distributed to the system by a government and the like;
secondly, setting an initial operation strategy for the wind-light-hydrogen storage system by combining the historical synchronous operation strategy and the actual operation strategy in the near day, carrying out carbon-sulfur tracing according to the strategy, and obtaining the initial node carbon potential of each node of the system and the initial carbon flow density of the power transmission branch by utilizing the constructed carbon flow tracing model;
then, the system operator SO issues the current transaction cost coefficient and the node carbon potential and branch carbon flow density of each node of the system to the user, and the user responds to the low-carbon demand by taking the information as a reference;
Thirdly, the system operator SO builds an operation cost utility function (an optimization decision model) of the wind-light hydrogen storage system according to an optimization decision model building process of the wind-light hydrogen storage system based on the current conditions of electric energy, hydrogen energy and carbon transaction cost coefficients;
Calling Cplex a tool box in a Matlab environment to solve the running cost utility function of the wind-light hydrogen storage system;
and obtaining the optimal load electricity utilization planning and carbon emission reduction benefits of the user, and the optimal operation strategy and the optimal operation cost of each device of the system.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the embodiment further discloses a low-carbon regulation device for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, where the low-carbon regulation device applies the low-carbon regulation method as described above, and the low-carbon regulation device at least includes:
the parameter acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, wherein the devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprise a zero-carbon generating set, a fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment;
the carbon emission model determining module 2 is used for establishing a carbon emission model of the zero-carbon generating set, a carbon emission model of the fuel generating set, a carbon emission model of the carbon capturing device and a carbon emission model of the energy storage device one by one according to characteristic parameters of the zero-carbon generating set, the fuel generating set, the carbon capturing device and the energy storage device;
The carbon flow tracing model determining module 3 is used for constructing carbon flow tracing models of various devices in the wind-light hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission model;
The network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model determining module 4 is used for calculating the network loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates, and constructing a network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body by combining the carbon flow tracing model;
The optimization decision model determining module 5 is used for respectively constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-solar hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission modeling, the carbon flow tracing model and the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of each optimization decision model;
and the solving and calculating module 6 is used for solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and optimal operation benefit.
In addition, the embodiment also discloses an electronic device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the low-carbon regulation and control method.
Alternatively, the electronic device may be a server.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium which stores a computer program, and the computer program realizes the low-carbon regulation method when being executed by a processor.
It should be appreciated that the logic instructions in the memory described above may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand alone product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The low-carbon regulation and control method for the wind, light and hydrogen storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Acquiring characteristic parameters of various devices in a wind-light-hydrogen storage system, wherein the devices in the wind-light-hydrogen storage system comprise a zero-carbon generating set, a fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment;
according to characteristic parameters of the zero-carbon generating set, the fuel generating set, the carbon trapping device and the energy storage device, establishing a zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model, a fuel generating set carbon emission model, a carbon trapping device carbon emission model and an energy storage device carbon emission model one by one;
constructing a carbon flow traceability model of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system according to the zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model, the fuel generating set carbon emission model, the carbon trapping equipment carbon emission model and the energy storage equipment carbon emission model;
Calculating the net loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates, and constructing a net loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body by combining the carbon flow tracing model;
constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-light-hydrogen storage system according to the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of the optimization decision model:
The step of constructing an optimized decision model of the user comprises the following steps:
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wherein, For the node of the power user in the wind-light hydrogen storage system/>A dynamic carbon emission factor of the time period; /(I)For node/>At/>The magnitude of the carbon potential of the time period; /(I)Carbon emission reduction for power consumer in single period T; /(I)Period/>, in low-carbon response behavior for power consumerAn amount of load increase in the inner part; /(I)Period/>, in low-carbon response behavior for power consumerLoad reduction in; carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; /(I) A unit carbon emission reduction subsidy for government administration of carbon emission reduction to power consumers; /(I)For wind-light hydrogen storage systemUser load management costs for the time period; /(I)、/>And/>The cost coefficients are managed by the user load of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system respectively; /(I)Carbon emission penalty costs corresponding to grid loss equivalent carbon emission responsibilities assumed during power consumer energy use; /(I)Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; /(I)For the main body bearing power transmission branch/>Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; /(I)All branch sets through which the single electric energy transmission flows are collected; /(I)For one time interval within each scheduling period;
The method for constructing the optimal decision model of the wind-light hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps of:
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；
；
wherein, For wind-light hydrogen storage systemThe running cost of the time period; /(I)The cost is managed for the user load of the wind-light hydrogen storage system; /(I)The carbon emission penalty cost corresponding to the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility borne during the energy utilization period of the power consumer; carbon emission reduction benefits of a single period T for power users; /(I) For the fuel unit in the wind-light hydrogen storage system/>The running cost of the time period; /(I)For the period/>, of an electric energy storage unit in a wind-light hydrogen storage systemCharging and discharging costs of (2); /(I)For hydrogen energy storage equipment in wind-light hydrogen storage system in period/>Is not limited by the operating cost of (a); /(I)Cost coefficients for carbon transactions of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system with external carbon markets through system operators; /(I)Is wind-light hydrogen storage system in/>Remaining carbon quota of the period; /(I)Cost coefficients for the system operators and the external hydrogen energy buyers when the hydrogen energy is traded; /(I)The method comprises the steps of storing hydrogen energy and selling hydrogen for a wind-solar hydrogen storage system; /(I)For wind-light hydrogen storage systemThe output of each unit equipment in the time period; /(I)For wind-light hydrogen storage systemTotal power load of the time period; /(I)The method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing a cost coefficient for electric energy transaction when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system purchases electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; /(I)The method comprises the steps that a cost coefficient of electric energy transaction is generated when a wind-solar hydrogen storage system sells electricity with a public power grid through a system operator; /(I)For fuel generating setActive power of the time period; /(I)The fuel cost coefficients of the fuel units are respectively; /(I)The unit charge and discharge cost of the electric energy storage unit; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitCharging power of the period; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitDischarge power of the period; /(I)The charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; /(I)The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; /(I)The utilization rate of the hydrogen energy storage unit is improved; the service life of the hydrogen energy storage unit is prolonged; /(I) Configuring a capacity cost coefficient for an electrolytic cell unit; /(I)Configuring a capacity cost coefficient for a fuel cell unit; /(I)Configuring a capacity for the electrolytic cell; /(I)Configuring a capacity for the fuel cell; /(I)Is in a wind-light hydrogen storage systemRemaining carbon quota of the period; /(I)Representing an initial free carbon emission allowance allocated to the wind-solar hydrogen storage system; /(I)Carbon emission intensity of the fuel unit;
and solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and optimal operation benefit.
2. The low-carbon regulation and control method according to claim 1, wherein the process of calculating the network loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system is operated comprises the following steps:
；
wherein, For the power transmission branch/>The corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>A length; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Active power transmitted; /(I)The actual total distance from the power generation main body to the energy utilization main body is the energy source; /(I)The total electric energy transmitted to the energy utilization main body by the power generation main body; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Impedance per unit value of (a); /(I)For the transmission branchAbsolute value of voltage difference between the first node and the last node; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>An operating voltage reference value of (a); /(I)One interval of time within each scheduling period.
3. The low carbon conditioning method of claim 1, wherein: the step of constructing the network loss equivalent carbon emission responsibility allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy consumption main body comprises the following steps of:
；
；
；
；
；
wherein, For the power transmission branch/>Is equivalent to carbon emission by active loss; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Is a net loss carbon flow rate; /(I)Power transmission branch/>, assumed for power generating main bodyIs equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>The corresponding branch network loss allocation rate; /(I)For the main body bearing power transmission branch/>Is equivalent to the active loss of carbon emission; /(I)Equivalent carbon emission share of active loss of all branches born by a power generation main body in a single power transmission process; /(I)Equivalent carbon emission share for active loss of all branches born by the energy main body in a single power transmission process; /(I)All branches which are subjected to single power transmission flow are collected, and the directions of all branches are consistent with the direction of the power flow; /(I)One interval of time within each scheduling period.
4. The low-carbon control method according to claim 1, wherein,
The zero-carbon generating set carbon emission model comprises the following components:
；
；
wherein, The carbon emission intensity of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric unit is; /(I)Carbon emission is the carbon emission of the wind turbine generator and the photoelectric turbine generator;
The carbon emission model of the fuel generating set comprises the following components:
；
；
Wherein the method comprises the steps of For fuel generating set/>Is a unit electric energy consumption fuel amount; /(I)Fuel generator sets/>, respectivelyCharacteristic parameters of (2); /(I)Is a fuel generating set/>Active power of (2); /(I)Is a fuel generating set/>Carbon emission intensity of (2); Is a correction coefficient; /(I) Is the molar mass of carbon dioxide; /(I)Is the molar mass of carbon; /(I)For fuel-electric generating setsCarbon content and carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; /(I)Is a fuel generating set/>Carbon oxidation rate of the medium fuel; /(I)Carbon capture efficiency for the carbon capture device;
the carbon emission model of the carbon capture apparatus includes:
；
；
；
wherein, For carbon capture device at/>The amount of carbon dioxide captured during the time period; /(I)The trapping efficiency of the carbon trapping device; is a fuel generating set/> Carbon emission intensity of (2); /(I)For fuel generating set/>Active power of the time period; /(I)For carbon capture device at/>Carbon dioxide amount not captured for a period of time; /(I)The energy consumption for the operation of the carbon capture equipment; /(I)Fixing energy consumption for the carbon capture equipment; /(I)The energy consumption coefficient of the carbon capture equipment;
The energy storage device carbon emission model includes:
；
；
；
wherein, For/>The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; /(I)For/>The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period energy storage equipment; when the energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method comprises the following steps of Equivalent carbon emission carried by energy injected into the energy storage equipment in a period; /(I)When the energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method comprises the following steps ofThe equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the energy storage equipment flows out in a period; /(I)A set of all branches for inputting electrical energy to the energy storage device; /(I)For/>The transmission branch is/>Active power flowing into the energy storage device in a period of time; /(I)For/>The transmission branch is/>Branch carbon flow density flowing into the energy storage device in time period; /(I)For energy storage device at/>The stored energy output power of the time period; /(I)For one time interval within each scheduling period; /(I)Representation/>The capacity of the time period energy storage device; /(I)Representation/>The capacity of the time period energy storage device.
5. The low-carbon regulation method of claim 4 wherein the energy storage device carbon emission model comprises an electrical energy storage device carbon emission model and a hydrogen energy storage device carbon emission model,
The electrical energy storage device carbon emission model includes:
；
；
；
；
wherein, For/>The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; /(I)For/>The carbon storage rate corresponding to the time period electric energy storage equipment; /(I)When the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method comprises the following steps ofThe equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the electric energy storage equipment in a period of time; /(I)When the electric energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method comprises the following steps ofCarbon emission amount of energy source in the electric energy storage equipment; /(I)A set of all branches for charging the electrical energy storage device; /(I)For/>The transmission branch is/>Active power flowing into the electrical energy storage device during a time period; /(I)For/>The transmission branch is/>Branch carbon flow density into the electrical energy storage device at a time period; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitCharging power of the period; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitDischarge power of the period; /(I)The charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; /(I)The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; /(I)The density of external carbon emission relative to the interior of the electric energy storage device when the electric energy storage device is discharged; /(I)For one time interval within each scheduling period; For/> The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; /(I)For/>The state of charge of the electrical energy storage device during the period; /(I)Representing a maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device;
the hydrogen storage device carbon emission model includes:
；
；
；
；
；
；
wherein, For electrolytic cell at/>The stored energy of the hydrogen gas is generated in a period of time; /(I)For electrolytic cell/>Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; /(I)The hydrogen production efficiency for the electrolysis cell; /(I)Is the power generated by the fuel cell; /(I)Is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell; /(I)For hydrogen power input to the fuel cell; /(I)Is the consumption rate of the hydrogen energy storage equipment; /(I)The hydrogen filling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; /(I)The hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank; /(I)For hydrogen storage tank/>Hydrogen storage amount in the period; /(I)For hydrogen storage tank/>Hydrogen storage amount in the period; /(I)Energy storage for hydrogen at/>The charging power of the time period; /(I)Energy storage for hydrogen at/>Hydrogen discharge power of the time period; /(I)For/>Carbon storage rate corresponding to time period hydrogen energy storage equipment; -For/>Carbon storage rate corresponding to the hydrogen energy storage equipment in the period; /(I)When the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method is thatThe equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source injected into the hydrogen energy storage equipment in a period; /(I)When the hydrogen energy storage device is in an electric energy-energy storage-electric energy state, the method is thatThe equivalent carbon emission quantity attached to the energy source in the hydrogen energy storage equipment flows out in a period; /(I)A set of all branches for transmitting electricity to the electrolyzer of the hydrogen storage device; /(I)For/>The active power of the electrolytic cell is input on the strip transmission branch; /(I)For/>Branch carbon flow density of input electrolytic tank on branch of strip power transmission;)One interval of time within each scheduling period.
6. The low-carbon regulation method of claim 1, wherein the carbon flow traceability model of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system comprises:
；
；
；
；
；
；
wherein, Column vectors formed by active power matrixes of all node power generation equipment in the power flow network; /(I)For node/>Active power of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; /(I)Is the/>Electric energy output power of energy storage equipment of table,/>The carbon storage rate is corresponding to the energy storage equipment; /(I)Column vectors formed for the carbon emission intensity of each unit; For node/> The carbon emission intensity of the corresponding power generation device, i=1, 2, n; /(I)For/>Column vectors with 1 component and 0 for the remaining components; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Branch carbon flow rate of (2); /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Branch carbon flow density of (2); /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Active power transmitted; /(I)For node/>Active power transmitted; /(I)For node/>Active power transmitted; /(I)A power flow distribution matrix for the power flow network; /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Active loss of (2); /(I)For the power transmission branch/>Is a net loss carbon flow rate; /(I)For node/>Is a node carbon potential of (c).
7. The low-carbon regulation and control method according to claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions comprise a user optimization decision model constraint condition and a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system optimization decision model constraint condition;
the user optimization decision model constraint conditions include:
；
；
；
；
；
；
wherein, An adjustable load upper limit for the power consumer in each period; /(I)Period/>, in low-carbon response behavior for power consumerAn amount of load increase in the inner part; /(I)Period/>, in low-carbon response behavior for power consumerLoad reduction in; /(I)A binary variable indicating that the user is in an increased load state; /(I)A binary variable indicating that the user is in a reduced load state; /(I)The upper load limit of the power consumer in each period; /(I)For/>Time period baseline load; /(I)For the maximum power usage variation value within a single period T of the power consumer,
The constraint conditions of the wind-light-hydrogen storage system optimization decision model comprise:
；
；
；
；
；
；
；
；
wherein, For fuel generating set/>Active power of the time period; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitCharging power of the period; /(I)For the electric energy storage unitDischarge power of the period; /(I)Is the power generated by the fuel cell; /(I)For electrolytic cell/>Electric power consumed by hydrogen production in a period of time; /(I)For wind-light hydrogen storage systemThe electric quantity purchased or sold to the public power grid in a time period; /(I)For wind-light hydrogen storage systemTotal power load of the time period; /(I)Generating power for a wind turbine generator in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; /(I)Generating power for a photovoltaic unit in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; /(I)Is the minimum value of the active power of a fuel generating set in a wind-light hydrogen storage system,/>The maximum value of the active power of a fuel generating set in the wind-light hydrogen storage system; /(I)A binary variable indicative of a state of charge of the electrical energy storage device; /(I)A binary variable indicative of a discharge state of the electrical energy storage device; a charging power maximum for the electrical energy storage device; /(I) Maximum discharge power for the electrical energy storage device; /(I)Representing an electrical energy storage device at time period/>Is a capacity of (2); /(I)Representing an electrical energy storage device at time period/>Is a capacity of (2); /(I)The charging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is improved; /(I)The discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage unit is; /(I)The maximum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; the minimum state of charge of the electric energy storage unit; /(I) Representing the maximum capacity of the electrical energy storage device.
8. The low-carbon regulation and control method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization decision model is solved in a MATLAB environment by using Cplex toolboxes.
9. A low-carbon regulating device for a wind-solar-hydrogen storage system, wherein the low-carbon regulating device applies the low-carbon regulating method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the low-carbon regulating device comprises:
The parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system, wherein the devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system comprise a zero-carbon generating set, a fuel generating set, carbon capturing equipment and energy storage equipment;
The carbon emission model determining module is used for establishing corresponding carbon emission models one by one according to the characteristics and parameters of various devices in the wind, light and hydrogen storage system;
the carbon flow tracing model determining module is used for constructing carbon flow tracing models of various devices in the wind-light hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission model;
the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model determining module is used for calculating the network loss allocation rate when the wind-solar-hydrogen storage system operates and constructing a network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model between the power generation main body and the energy utilization main body;
The optimization decision model determining module is used for respectively constructing an optimization decision model of a user and a wind-solar hydrogen storage system according to the carbon emission modeling, the carbon flow tracing model and the network loss equivalent carbon emission allocation model, and determining constraint conditions of each optimization decision model;
and the solving and calculating module is used for solving the optimization decision model to obtain an optimal operation strategy and an optimal operation benefit.
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