CN117875855A - Enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system and method based on blockchain technology - Google Patents
Enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system and method based on blockchain technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for digitally accounting greenhouse gases of enterprises based on a blockchain technology, wherein the system comprises a carbon emission data monitoring module, a carbon emission data acquisition module and a control module, wherein the carbon emission data monitoring module is used for determining a carbon emission source, an emission factor and a monitoring rule of the enterprises; the carbon emission parameter recording module is used for acquiring greenhouse gas activity level data; the carbon emission accounting module is used for calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases; the carbon emission report module is used for generating a carbon emission report according to the total emission of greenhouse gases; the block chain module is used for storing greenhouse gas activity level and emission factor data; the carbon emission data auditing module is used for conducting secondary auditing on the total emission of greenhouse gases of enterprises; the carbon emission performance prediction module is used for obtaining the greenhouse gas emission in a prediction period according to the greenhouse gas emission prediction model, and the carbon emission real-time supervision module is used for supervising the greenhouse gas emission. The data safety, reliability and traceability are improved, the real-time evidence storage and the real-time verification are supported, and the authenticity of the carbon emission information is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of enterprise organization carbon emission, in particular to a system and a method for digitally accounting greenhouse gases of enterprises based on a blockchain technology.
Background
The invention of patent publication No. CN110674982A provides a system, method and equipment for accounting, analyzing and predicting greenhouse gas emission, comprising the steps of collecting greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factors corresponding to the activity level data in a period of time; calculating a total greenhouse gas emission in the time period according to the activity level data and the emission factor; according to the activity level data, the emission factors and the total emission of greenhouse gases in the time period, a greenhouse gas emission prediction model is established to predict the emission of greenhouse gases after the time period, and the greenhouse gas activity level data cannot be safely stored, so that the authenticity and the accuracy of the data are insufficient.
The invention of patent publication No. CN113672592A provides a greenhouse gas accounting system based on a blockchain, belongs to the field of gas emission control, and solves the problems that the system is insufficient in data acquisition, only data of the timed emission of a certain area are acquired, but the data in multiple aspects are not acquired, the accounting of greenhouse gas is inaccurate, and when the emission of the exceeding standard gas is caused, the exceeding standard gas cannot be timely controlled, and the ecological environment is damaged.
Greenhouse gas accounting is also the basis for the adoption of MRV (monitoring, reporting and checking) system in the carbon market. The existing carbon emission accounting system has the defects that emission data is manually input depending on instrument monitoring data or statistics accounts, the authenticity and the accuracy of accounting data are insufficient, and individual enterprises can falsify the accounting data to reduce the performance cost; the carbon check is excessively dependent on a third-party organization, so that the labor workload is large, the flow is complex, and the difficulty of checking the authenticity and accuracy of the data is large. The MRV system involves multiple parties such as emission units, checking institutions, supervision departments and the like, the business links are various and complex, and how to establish trust mechanisms among the parties is important for the overall optimization of carbon accounting checking, so that the MRV system becomes a common industry.
Another problem that exists in current carbon emission accounting systems is the information hysteresis of enterprise accounting reports. Because the enterprises report carbon emission data of the previous year every year, even if the enterprises finish quota clearing, the enterprises are difficult to timely provide guidance for ongoing work; the current actual carbon emission situation of enterprises is difficult to be known by local management departments, and timely supervision and guidance of double-carbon work in an area are difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for digitally accounting greenhouse gases of enterprises based on a blockchain technology, which aim to overcome the technical problems.
A system for digitally accounting greenhouse gases of enterprises based on a blockchain technology comprises a carbon emission data monitoring module, a carbon emission parameter recording module, a carbon emission accounting module, a carbon emission reporting module, a blockchain module, a carbon emission data auditing module and a carbon emission performance prediction module,
the carbon emission data monitoring module is used for acquiring carbon emission boundaries and carbon emission sources of enterprises according to the types of the enterprises, determining emission factors according to the carbon emission sources, and formulating monitoring rules of greenhouse gas activity level data according to the types of the carbon emission sources;
the carbon emission parameter recording module is used for determining the acquisition period, acquiring the greenhouse gas activity level data of enterprises in the acquisition period according to the monitoring rule,
the carbon emission accounting module is used for determining an accounting period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factors in the accounting period,
the carbon emission report module is used for determining the report period, acquiring the total emission of greenhouse gases in the report period according to the carbon emission accounting module, automatically generating a carbon emission report according to the custom template,
the blockchain module is used to store greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data for the enterprise,
the carbon emission data auditing module is used for determining an auditing period, acquiring greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data in the auditing period according to the blockchain module, calculating the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor, comparing the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, generating risk information when the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas is inconsistent with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, transmitting the risk information to staff,
the carbon emission performance prediction module is used for constructing a greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to the historical data, determining a prediction period, acquiring the greenhouse gas emission in the prediction period according to the greenhouse gas emission prediction model,
the carbon emission real-time supervision module is used for determining a supervision period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period, calculating the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period according to the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise, judging whether the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period is smaller than or equal to the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period, if so, informing the enterprise of normal production, and if not, restricting the greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise in the forecast period according to the difference between the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period and the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise and the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, wherein the restriction comprises informing the enterprise of normal production when the difference is larger than the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, otherwise informing the enterprise of production of the greenhouse gas emission of each month in the forecast period according to the difference.
Preferably, the building of the greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to the historical data includes obtaining the historical data, wherein the historical data includes carbon emission quota of the current year, activity level data in the prediction period of the past year, emission factors and total greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise, building an ARIMA model, training the ARIMA model according to the historical data, and obtaining the trained ARIMA model and representing the ARIMA model as the greenhouse gas emission prediction model.
Preferably, the carbon emission accounting module can also be used to calculate the total emission intensity of all process greenhouse gases, the emission intensity of a single process greenhouse gas, and the emission reduction potential of a single process greenhouse gas for an enterprise.
Preferably, the blockchain module further comprises setting different access and use rights to data stored in the blockchain according to an intelligent contract, wherein the intelligent contract comprises access rights and use rights of different users.
A method for accounting by using a block chain technology-based enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system comprises the steps of collecting greenhouse gas activity level data of an enterprise through a sensor, determining emission factor data according to the type of the enterprise, storing the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data on a block chain, automatically auditing the emission data of greenhouse gas stored on the block chain through an intelligent contract, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gas of the enterprise according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data after the audit on the block chain, generating a greenhouse gas emission report of the enterprise according to the total emission of greenhouse gas, and visually displaying the greenhouse gas activity level data, the emission factor data and the total emission of greenhouse gas.
The invention provides a system and a method for digitally checking greenhouse gases of enterprises based on a blockchain technology, which are used for storing related data of the greenhouse gases of the enterprises through the blockchain, so that the safety, reliability and traceability of the data are improved, the carbon emission information of the enterprises supports real-time evidence storage and verification at any time, false information disclosure of carbon emission is reduced and avoided, an important basis is provided for government to distribute carbon emission quota to the enterprises, a third-party checking mechanism is supported for remote data checking, secondary checking is provided for the output of an accounting module, and a risk prompt is automatically given to potential data problems.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it will be obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, including a carbon emission data monitoring module, a carbon emission parameter recording module, a carbon emission accounting module, a carbon emission reporting module, a blockchain module, a carbon emission data auditing module, and a carbon emission performance prediction module,
the carbon emission data monitoring module is used for acquiring carbon emission boundaries and carbon emission sources of enterprises according to the types of the enterprises, determining emission factors according to the carbon emission sources, and formulating monitoring rules of greenhouse gas activity level data according to the types of the carbon emission sources;
the carbon emission parameter recording module is used for determining the acquisition period, acquiring the greenhouse gas activity level data of enterprises in the acquisition period according to the monitoring rule,
the carbon emission accounting module is used for determining an accounting period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factors in the accounting period,
the carbon emission report module is used for determining the report period, acquiring the total emission of greenhouse gases in the report period according to the carbon emission accounting module, automatically generating a carbon emission report according to the custom template,
the blockchain module is used to store greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data for the enterprise,
the carbon emission data auditing module is used for determining an auditing period, acquiring greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data in the auditing period according to the blockchain, calculating the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor, comparing the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, generating risk information and sending the risk information to staff when the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas is inconsistent,
the carbon emission performance prediction module is used for constructing a greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to the historical data, determining a prediction period, acquiring the greenhouse gas emission in the prediction period according to the greenhouse gas emission prediction model,
the carbon emission real-time supervision module is used for determining a supervision period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period, calculating the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period according to the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise, judging whether the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period is smaller than or equal to the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period, if so, normally producing by the enterprise, if not, restricting the greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise in the forecast period according to the difference between the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period and the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise and the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, wherein restricting comprises normally producing by the enterprise when the difference is larger than the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, otherwise, producing the greenhouse gas emission of each month in the forecast period according to the difference.
Based on the scheme, the safety, reliability and traceability of the data are improved by storing the related data of the greenhouse gases of the enterprises through the blockchain, the carbon emission information of the enterprises supports real-time evidence storage and verification at any time, false information disclosure of carbon emission is reduced and avoided, an important basis is provided for government to distribute carbon emission quota to the enterprises, a third-party checking mechanism is supported to conduct remote data checking, secondary checking is provided for output of the accounting module, and risk prompt is automatically given to potential data problems.
Specifically, the embodiment provides details of an enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system, which comprises a carbon emission data monitoring module, a carbon emission data analysis module and a control module, wherein the carbon emission data monitoring module is used for acquiring a carbon emission boundary and a carbon emission source of an enterprise according to an enterprise type, determining emission factors according to the carbon emission source, formulating a monitoring rule of greenhouse gas activity level data according to the type of the carbon emission source, and supporting custom configuration of the carbon emission monitoring rule;
wherein, greenhouse gas emissions: the total amount of greenhouse gases (in mass units) released into the atmosphere over a given period of time is also referred to as carbon emissions. Different kinds of greenhouse gases can be converted into carbon dioxide equivalent in a unified way.
Greenhouse gas activity level data: activity data of production or consumption activities, such as consumption of each fuel, consumption of electrodes, amount of electricity purchased, amount of steam purchased, etc., which lead to emission or removal of greenhouse gases are quantified.
Emission factor: a coefficient corresponding to the greenhouse gas activity level data for quantifying the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per activity level.
The carbon emission data monitoring module in this embodiment may be connected to a production management system thereof, and automatically read data such as raw material consumption data, auxiliary material consumption data, energy medium consumption data, and related products and byproduct yields. The method also supports the periodic introduction from the statistical forms, including an energy balance statistical form, a raw material statistical form, an auxiliary material statistical form, an electric balance table and the like which are related to the emission of greenhouse gases; and counting initial data values of corresponding items and inventory values remained after the production of the products in each type of table, and calculating the difference between the initial values and the inventory values to obtain activity level data of materials related to the emission of greenhouse gases in each type.
And the statistical report data extraction, namely, an enterprise carbon emission manager can self-define and create a statistical report template with a fixed format, such as an energy balance statistical report, a raw material statistical report, an auxiliary material statistical report and the like with a fixed format, and the statistical report template is imported into a carbon emission data monitoring module. The enterprise staff can periodically import the statistics related to the greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise, which is the same as the fixed template format, and the system can automatically find out the corresponding numerical value according to the marks of the corresponding positions of the templates, so as to extract the activity level data related to the greenhouse gas emission.
The carbon emission parameter recording module is connected with the carbon emission data monitoring module and is used for determining the acquisition period, acquiring the greenhouse gas activity level data of enterprises in the acquisition period according to the monitoring rule,
the carbon emission accounting module is connected with the carbon emission parameter recording module and is used for determining an accounting period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factors in the accounting period, specifically taking the carbon dioxide emission of the calculated fuel as an example, and other greenhouse gases can be converted into carbon dioxide equivalent for statistics.
E Combustion of-CO 2 ＝∑AD i ×EF i (1)
In AD (analog to digital) i Activity level for the ith fossil fuel in million kilojoules (GJ); EF (electric F) i Carbon dioxide emissions factor in tons of carbon dioxide per million kilojoules (tCO 2/GJ) for the ith fossil fuel; i is the type of fossil fuel burned. Activity level AD of ith fossil fuel i Calculated as follows.
The carbon emission accounting module can also be used for calculating the total emission intensity of all process greenhouse gases, the emission intensity of single process greenhouse gases and the emission reduction potential of single process greenhouse gases of enterprises, the enterprises are mainly produced by the enterprises, other products can be replaced correspondingly, and specifically, the emission intensity analysis is carried out:
total greenhouse gas emission intensity = total carbon emissions/steel yield for all procedures;
greenhouse gas emission intensity for individual process = greenhouse gas emission intensity for production per ton of steel/yield of process product.
Analysis of emission reduction potential = actual process emission intensity/theoretical process emission intensity.
Since the raw materials and auxiliary materials of the related manufacturing enterprises are fixed, the theoretical value of the process discharge intensity can be calculated. The actual measured process emission value is divided by the theoretical process emission intensity value to obtain the emission reduction potential value.
The carbon emission report module is connected with the carbon emission accounting module and used for determining the report period, acquiring the total emission of greenhouse gases in the report period according to the carbon emission accounting module, automatically generating a carbon emission report according to the self-defined template, modifying the report template according to the requirement by an enterprise carbon emission manager,
the blockchain module is connected with the carbon emission parameter recording module and is used for storing greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data of enterprises, and the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data are stored in an encrypted mode, so that the system is tamper-proof and traceable. The blockchain module also comprises setting different access and use rights for data stored in the blockchain according to an intelligent contract, wherein the intelligent contract comprises access rights and use rights of different users.
The greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data are stored in an encrypted mode, network transmission and access safety are guaranteed by means of cryptography and a distributed consensus protocol, remote check can be supported for related government departments or third party institutions in an encrypted transmission mode, and safety protection of enterprises on self-operation sensitive data is guaranteed. As each change of the greenhouse gas activity level and the emission factor data is recorded and permanently stored by the blockchain module, the blockchain module is tamper-proof and traceable, the authenticity of original accounting data is improved, the enterprise carbon emission information supports real-time evidence storage and verification at any time, and the false information disclosure of carbon emission is reduced and avoided.
Specifically: first, all data is encrypted before transmission, ensuring confidentiality and data integrity during transmission. By adopting the public key encryption technology, a sender encrypts data by using a public key of a receiver, and the receiver decrypts by using a private key of the receiver.
Secondly, the distributed consensus protocol is used for guaranteeing the security and consistency of data. The system adopts a PoS (proof of rights) consensus algorithm, each node obtains accounting rights according to the number of tokens held by the node, and the final blockchain state is determined by voting. Thus, a new block is added to the blockchain only if the majority of nodes are consistent.
In addition, the invention also adopts a hash algorithm to ensure the non-tamper property of the data. Each block contains a hash value that depends on all of the data in the block, and if any of the data is modified, this will cause the block hash value to change, thus rendering the entire blockchain invalid.
Finally, the invention also adopts intelligent contract technology to ensure the security of data access. The enterprise carbon emission information can be accessed and used only under the authorized condition, the intelligent contract comprises the setting of access authority, and only users meeting the authority requirement can inquire or modify the data. Meanwhile, the intelligent contract also comprises an auditing function of data access, the time, the user and the operation of each data access are recorded, and the traceability and the safety of the data are ensured.
The carbon emission data auditing module is used for determining an auditing period, acquiring greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data in the auditing period according to the blockchain, calculating the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor, comparing the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, generating risk information when the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas is inconsistent with the total emission of the greenhouse gas,
the carbon emission performance prediction module is used for constructing a greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to historical data, determining a prediction period, acquiring greenhouse gas emission in the prediction period according to the greenhouse gas emission prediction model, wherein the construction of the greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to the historical data comprises the acquisition of historical data, the historical data comprises carbon emission quota of the current year of an enterprise, activity level data in the past year prediction period, emission factors and total emission of greenhouse gas, constructing an ARIMA model, training the ARIMA model according to the historical data, acquiring the trained ARIMA model and representing the ARIMA model as the greenhouse gas emission prediction model,
the ARIMA model can be fitted through historical data of a time sequence, so that data of a future period of time can be predicted. The ARIMA model may be expressed as ARIMA (p, d, q), where p represents an autoregressive term (autoregressive term), d represents a differential order (differencing term), and q represents a moving average term (moving average term). When building a greenhouse gas emission prediction model, the p, d and q values can be selected according to the characteristics of the historical data, and the values can be used for fitting the model. For example, if the historical data exhibits a certain periodicity, a larger p-value may be selected to capture the autocorrelation of the time series. The ARIMA model can be expressed as:
y t ＝c+φ 1 y t-1 +...+φ p y t-p +θ 1 ∈ t-1 +...+θ q ∈ t-q +∈ t (2)
wherein y is t Values representing time series, c representing constant terms, phi 1 To phi p Representing p autoregressive coefficients, θ 1 To theta q Represents q sliding average coefficients, ε t Representing a white noise error term.
The carbon emission real-time supervision module is used for determining a supervision period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period, calculating the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period according to the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise, judging whether the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period is smaller than or equal to the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period, if so, normally producing by the enterprise, if not, restricting the greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise in the forecast period according to the difference between the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period and the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise and the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, wherein restricting comprises normally producing by the enterprise when the difference is larger than the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, otherwise, producing the greenhouse gas emission of each month in the forecast period according to the difference.
The invention provides a block chain technology-based enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting method, which comprises the steps of collecting greenhouse gas activity level data of an enterprise through a sensor, determining emission factor data according to the type of the enterprise, storing the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data on a block chain, automatically auditing the emission data of greenhouse gas stored on the block chain through an intelligent contract, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gas of the enterprise according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data after the audit on the block chain, generating a greenhouse gas emission report of the enterprise according to the total emission of greenhouse gas, and visually displaying the greenhouse gas activity level data, the emission factor data and the total emission of greenhouse gas.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of data acquisition and monitoring: the enterprises use sensors, instruments and other devices to collect greenhouse gas activity level data, such as emission data of CO2, methane and the like, and then transmit the data to a greenhouse gas digital accounting system for processing.
Data recording and storage: the greenhouse gas digital accounting system records the acquired data on a blockchain and stores the data in an encrypted manner. Due to the decentralized nature of the blockchain, data is stored on multiple nodes, which may prevent the data from being tampered with or lost.
Data accounting and reporting: based on the greenhouse gas activity level data recorded on the blockchain, the greenhouse gas digital accounting system calculates the total greenhouse gas emissions using the pre-set emissions factors. Based on these accounting data, the system can generate greenhouse gas emission reports for the enterprise, provide accurate greenhouse gas emission situation data for the enterprise, help the enterprise manage its carbon emissions, and formulate emission reduction strategies.
Data auditing and traceability: because the data recorded on the blockchain has complete historical record and traceability, the greenhouse gas digital accounting system can automatically audit the greenhouse gas emission data through intelligent contracts, including the aspects of correctness and accuracy of the data and the like. In addition, since the data has traceability, the source and integrity of the data can be conveniently tracked.
Visual presentation and sharing: the greenhouse gas digital accounting system can visually display accounting data so as to help enterprises and government authorities to better know the greenhouse gas emission condition of the enterprises. In addition, due to the shared nature of blockchain technology, multiple participants can share greenhouse gas emission data and analyze and process it to facilitate further advancement of carbon emission abatement efforts.
The invention can be applied to any enterprises needing to carry out greenhouse gas emission accounting. For example, some chemical industry uses the system to record and account for greenhouse gas emissions during its production activities to determine if it has reached government regulated carbon emission credits. The system can automatically record carbon emission data of enterprises, including all emission sources in factories, such as boilers, gas furnaces, heating furnaces, oxidizing furnaces, cooling towers, steam boilers, exhaust gas treatment systems and the like. The system may also provide detailed reports and analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions of the enterprise to help the enterprise manage its carbon emissions and to develop emission abatement strategies. In addition, governments and other stakeholders may use the system to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from enterprises. In certain stone processing enterprises, a blockchain technology is applied to digital accounting of greenhouse gases. The enterprises collect CO2 isothermal chamber gas emission data generated in the stone machining process by using equipment such as sensors and the like, and record the data on a block chain, so that the safety and traceability of the data are ensured. Based on these data, the enterprise then uses the greenhouse gas digital accounting system to perform accounting and generate a greenhouse gas emission report. The greenhouse gas digital accounting system also utilizes intelligent contracts for automatic auditing to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data. In this process, blockchain technology provides a trusted, decentralised, secure and efficient way of data recording and storage, and provides traceability and automated auditing functions. Meanwhile, the blockchain technology also provides real-time and reliable greenhouse gas emission data for government regulatory authorities so as to facilitate policy formulation and enterprise greenhouse gas emission regulation.
The whole beneficial effects are that:
compared with the prior art, the block chain module has the advantages that the block chain module stores the original greenhouse gas activity level data and the corresponding carbon emission factor data, provides secondary auditing for the output of the accounting module, and automatically gives out risk prompt for potential data problems. The invention can be directly connected with the production management system of enterprises, or support the regular introduction of statistical reports into the system, thus the extraction of activity level data, the related calculation and prediction of greenhouse gas emission data can be completed, the working time is greatly shortened, the working efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the original greenhouse gas activity level data and corresponding carbon emission factor data are saved by using a blockchain technology, the authenticity of the original data can be improved, the carbon emission information of enterprises supports real-time evidence storage and verification at any time, the false information disclosure of carbon emission is reduced and avoided, an important basis is provided for government to allocate carbon emission quota to enterprises, and a third-party checking mechanism is supported to carry out remote data checking.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A greenhouse gas digital accounting system based on a blockchain technology enterprise is characterized by comprising a carbon emission data monitoring module, a carbon emission parameter recording module, a carbon emission accounting module, a carbon emission reporting module, a blockchain module, a carbon emission data auditing module and a carbon emission performance prediction module,
the carbon emission data monitoring module is used for acquiring carbon emission boundaries and carbon emission sources of enterprises according to the types of the enterprises, determining emission factors according to the carbon emission sources, and formulating monitoring rules of greenhouse gas activity level data according to the types of the carbon emission sources;
the carbon emission parameter recording module is used for determining the acquisition period, acquiring the greenhouse gas activity level data of enterprises in the acquisition period according to the monitoring rule,
the carbon emission accounting module is used for determining an accounting period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factors in the accounting period,
the carbon emission report module is used for determining the report period, acquiring the total emission of greenhouse gases in the report period according to the carbon emission accounting module, automatically generating a carbon emission report according to the custom template,
the blockchain module is used to store greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data for the enterprise,
the carbon emission data auditing module is used for determining an auditing period, acquiring greenhouse gas activity level data and emission factor data in the auditing period according to the blockchain module, calculating the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas according to the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor, comparing the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, generating risk information when the total emission of the auditing greenhouse gas is inconsistent with the total emission of the greenhouse gas calculated by the carbon emission accounting module, transmitting the risk information to staff,
the carbon emission performance prediction module is used for constructing a greenhouse gas emission prediction model according to the historical data, determining a prediction period, acquiring the greenhouse gas emission in the prediction period according to the greenhouse gas emission prediction model,
the carbon emission real-time supervision module is used for determining a supervision period, calculating the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period, calculating the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period according to the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise, judging whether the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period is smaller than or equal to the carbon emission allowance in the supervision period, if so, informing the enterprise of normal production, and if not, restricting the greenhouse gas emission of the enterprise in the forecast period according to the difference between the total emission of greenhouse gases in the supervision period and the carbon emission allowance of the current annual enterprise and the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, wherein the restriction comprises informing the enterprise of normal production when the difference is larger than the greenhouse gas emission in the forecast period, otherwise informing the enterprise of production of the greenhouse gas emission of each month in the forecast period according to the difference.
2. The blockchain technology-based enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system of claim 1, wherein the constructing a greenhouse gas emission prediction model based on historical data includes obtaining historical data including carbon emission allowance for a current year, activity level data over a past year prediction period, emission factors, and total greenhouse gas emission for the enterprise, constructing an ARIMA model, training the ARIMA model based on the historical data, and obtaining the trained ARIMA model and representing the ARIMA model as a greenhouse gas emission prediction model.
3. The blockchain technology-based enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system of claim 1, wherein the carbon emission accounting module is further operable to calculate a total emission intensity of all process greenhouse gases, an emission intensity of a single process greenhouse gas, and an emission reduction potential of the single process greenhouse gas of the enterprise.
4. The blockchain technology-based enterprise greenhouse gas digital accounting system of claim 1, wherein the blockchain module further comprises setting different access and use rights to data stored in the blockchain according to an intelligent contract, wherein the intelligent contract comprises access rights and use rights of different users.
5. A method of accounting for a digital accounting system for greenhouse gases in a blockchain-based technical business as defined in claim 1, comprising collecting greenhouse gas activity level data of the business via a sensor, determining emission factor data based on the type of the business, storing the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data on the blockchain, automatically auditing the emission data of greenhouse gases stored on the blockchain via an intelligent contract, calculating a total greenhouse gas emission of the business based on the greenhouse gas activity level data and the emission factor data after the audit on the blockchain, generating a greenhouse gas emission report of the business based on the total greenhouse gas emission, and visually displaying the greenhouse gas activity level data, the emission factor data and the total greenhouse gas emission.
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