CN117875559A - Heavy metal load capacity analysis method and system based on urban environment medium - Google Patents
Heavy metal load capacity analysis method and system based on urban environment medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heavy metal load capacity analysis method and a system based on urban environment media, which are characterized in that urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data are obtained by constructing an urban map model and dividing a plurality of subareas, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source area is determined; according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area; and analyzing the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city. According to the method, urban environment medium analysis and regional attribute analysis can be effectively combined, informatization and accurate analysis and evaluation of urban heavy metal pollution are realized, accurate regulation and control of a target city are realized, and urban sustainable development is further realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data analysis, in particular to a heavy metal load capacity analysis method and system based on urban environment media.
Background
The economic and urban construction is rapidly developed, and the consumption level of people is continuously improved, and meanwhile, the negative effects of the activities on resources and environment are more and more obvious. The environmental pollution problem has become a limiting factor for the further development of large, medium and small cities.
The pollution problem of heavy metals in the current city is increasingly prominent, and the pollution analysis and capacity evaluation technology of the heavy metals is less and is limited by the traditional technology, and the comprehensive analysis is not well combined with the environmental medium for the heavy metal analysis of the city, so how to carry out informatization and accurate analysis on the urban pollution is an important problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a heavy metal load capacity analysis method and system based on urban environment media.
The first aspect of the invention provides a heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environment media, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
Dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
In this scheme, the basic information of the target city is obtained, and a three-dimensional city map model is constructed based on the basic information, specifically:
acquiring city area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
integrating the urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information to form basic information;
and constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based urban map model based on the basic information.
In this scheme, carry out regional division based on urban map model, obtain a plurality of subregions, acquire urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of target city, combine urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data to carry out the pollution analysis of subregion, confirm the pollution source region, specifically do:
dividing regional grids based on the area of the target city by using a city map model, obtaining a plurality of subareas, and ensuring that each subarea meets a preset regional standard;
obtaining urban medium data of a target city, wherein the urban medium data comprises a soil area, a water body area, a greening area, an industrial area, a residential area and an agricultural area;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out the area ratio of soil to water body on each sub-area to obtain the value of the area ratio of soil to water body medium;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out land property area ratio analysis on each sub-area to obtain ratio values of industrial, residential and agricultural areas;
and acquiring heavy metal monitoring data of the target city in a monitoring period, and dividing the heavy metal monitoring data based on the subareas to obtain subarea monitoring data corresponding to each subarea.
In this scheme, combine urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data to carry out the pollution analysis in subregion, confirm the pollution source region, specifically do:
calculating pollution source coefficients based on industrial, residential, and agricultural area duty cycle values;
acquiring metal pollution information of all subareas based on the subarea monitoring data;
the metal pollution information comprises heavy metal types and concentrations;
and marking the subarea with the metal pollution information meeting the preset pollution standard and the pollution source coefficient larger than the preset threshold value as a pollution source area.
In this scheme, according to urban map model, pollution source region and heavy metal monitoring data, combine ARIMA predictive model to carry out heavy metal diffusion prediction to every subregion, obtain the predictive diffusion information of every subregion, specifically do:
heavy metal monitoring data of a target city in N periods are obtained, and sub-area monitoring data of each sub-area in the corresponding N periods are obtained;
generating time series data of each sub-region based on the sub-region monitoring data of each sub-region in the N periods;
carrying out data cleaning and abnormal value detection pretreatment on the time sequence data;
constructing a prediction model based on ARIMA;
Generating an autocorrelation map (ACF) and a partial autocorrelation map (PACF) from the time series data, determining prediction model parameters based on the autocorrelation map and the partial autocorrelation map;
dividing the time sequence data into a training set and a testing set, and importing the training set and the testing set into a prediction model for prediction training;
based on the prediction model and the time sequence data, predicting and analyzing the time sequence data of M periods to obtain predicted sequence data of each sub-area;
and carrying out data analysis on the predicted sequence data to obtain predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods in each sub-region.
In this scheme, according to urban map model, pollution source region and heavy metal monitoring data, combine ARIMA predictive model to carry out heavy metal diffusion prediction to every subregion, obtain the predictive diffusion information of every subregion, specifically do:
taking a sub-area as an analysis unit, and calculating the pollution diffusion rate of the heavy metal according to the predicted heavy metal monitoring data corresponding to M periods to obtain the heavy metal diffusion rate;
analyzing the direction from a sub-area to a pollution source area through an urban map model, and marking the direction as a diffusion direction;
And integrating the diffusion rate and the diffusion direction of the heavy metal in each sub-region to form predicted diffusion information.
In this scheme, heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis are performed on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city are obtained, specifically:
obtaining diffusion rate and diffusion direction of a sub-area from predicted diffusion information and marking the diffusion rate and diffusion direction as current diffusion rate and current diffusion direction respectively;
based on the sub-region monitoring data and the current diffusion rate of the sub-region, carrying out current heavy metal pollution evaluation on the sub-region to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data;
carrying out vectorization on the current diffusion direction through an urban map model to obtain a plurality of direction vectors, and calculating the average direction deviation degree of the plurality of direction vectors;
carrying out load capacity analysis and evaluation based on the average direction deviation degree of one sub-area, the predicted diffusion information and the predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods to obtain heavy metal load capacity evaluation data;
and carrying out evaluation analysis on all subareas to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of all subareas, and further generating a pollution regulation and control scheme.
The second aspect of the invention also provides a heavy metal load capacity analysis system based on urban environment medium, which comprises: the system comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory comprises a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment media, and the heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on the urban environment media realizes the following steps when being executed by the processor:
acquiring basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
In this scheme, the basic information of the target city is obtained, and a three-dimensional city map model is constructed based on the basic information, specifically:
acquiring city area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
integrating the urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information to form basic information;
and constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based urban map model based on the basic information.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium includes a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment medium, and when the heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment medium is executed by a processor, the steps of the heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environment medium according to any one of the above-mentioned steps are implemented.
The invention discloses a heavy metal load capacity analysis method and a system based on urban environment media, which are characterized in that urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data are obtained by constructing an urban map model and dividing a plurality of subareas, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source area is determined; according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area; and analyzing the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city. According to the method, urban environment medium analysis and regional attribute analysis can be effectively combined, informatization and accurate analysis and evaluation of urban heavy metal pollution are realized, accurate regulation and control of a target city are realized, and urban sustainable development is further realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environmental media of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the present invention for constructing an urban map model;
FIG. 3 illustrates a pollution source area acquisition flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a heavy metal load capacity analysis system based on urban environmental media according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environment medium.
As shown in fig. 1, the first aspect of the present invention provides a heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environment media, including:
S102, obtaining basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
s104, dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
s106, according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and S108, carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the present invention for constructing an urban map model.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the basic information of the target city is acquired, and a three-dimensional city map model is constructed based on the basic information, specifically:
s202, obtaining urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
S204, integrating the information of the urban area, the map outline, the industrial area, the residential area and the agricultural area to form basic information;
s206, constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based city map model based on the basic information.
It is to be noted that, through the urban ground pattern based on three-dimensional visualization, the distribution of heavy metals in the target city can be intuitively and conveniently checked, and the user visualization experience is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the urban map model is based on regional division to obtain a plurality of subareas, urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city are obtained, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source region is determined, specifically:
dividing regional grids based on the area of the target city by using a city map model, obtaining a plurality of subareas, and ensuring that each subarea meets a preset regional standard;
obtaining urban medium data of a target city, wherein the urban medium data comprises a soil area, a water body area, a greening area, an industrial area, a residential area and an agricultural area;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out the area ratio of soil to water body on each sub-area to obtain the value of the area ratio of soil to water body medium;
According to the urban medium data, carrying out land property area ratio analysis on each sub-area to obtain ratio values of industrial, residential and agricultural areas;
and acquiring heavy metal monitoring data of the target city in a monitoring period, and dividing the heavy metal monitoring data based on the subareas to obtain subarea monitoring data corresponding to each subarea.
The urban heavy metal pollution and diffusion conditions are complex, the method performs refined regional analysis by dividing the subareas, and the urban medium, the heavy metal distribution and the heavy metal migration rate of different regions are different. The preset region standard comprises an area standard and a shape standard, and after grid division, the fusion of the subdivision regions can be carried out to a certain extent to form sub-regions meeting the standard. The urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data can be visually displayed on the urban map model. The one monitoring period is the latest one.
In urban medium data, the soil area and the water area have medium differences, which plays an important role in the subsequent heavy metal capacity and pollution diffusion analysis, and in addition, in areas with different attributes, the soil medium is also different, such as greening areas, industrial areas and residential areas, and the soil medium in areas with different attributes is also different. The water body area is a river area and the like. The ratio value of the soil to the water medium, namely the ratio value of the soil to the water medium to the total area of the corresponding subareas, can effectively reflect the medium condition. The ratio value of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas is the ratio value of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas to the total area of the corresponding subareas.
In the heavy metal monitoring data of the target city, each related monitoring point generally comprises at least one sub-area. The heavy metal monitoring data comprise the concentration and the type of preset heavy metals, and the preset heavy metals comprise Zn, cd, cr, pb, hg, cu, ni, as and the like.
Fig. 3 shows a pollution source area acquisition flow chart of the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data are combined to carry out the pollution analysis of the subareas, and the pollution source area is determined, specifically:
s302, calculating pollution source coefficients based on the ratio values of industrial, residential and agricultural areas;
s304, acquiring metal pollution information of all subareas based on subarea monitoring data;
s306, the metal pollution information comprises heavy metal types and concentrations;
s308, marking the subarea with the metal pollution information meeting the preset pollution standard and the pollution source coefficient being larger than the preset threshold value as a pollution source area.
It should be noted that, the pollution source coefficient calculation formula is:
W k ＝P 1 ×k1+P 2 ×k2+P 3 ×k3
wherein W is k As pollution source coefficient, P 1 ，P 2 ，P 3 The duty ratio values of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas are respectively k1, k2 and k3, and the correction coefficients of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas are respectively.
The preset pollution standard comprises a preset standard heavy metal type and standard concentration.
It is worth mentioning that the pollution source coefficient can effectively reflect the probability of the corresponding subarea as the pollution source, and the larger the value is, the larger the probability is. In general, k1> k2> k3.
According to the embodiment of the invention, according to the urban map model, the pollution source region and the heavy metal monitoring data, the heavy metal diffusion prediction is carried out on each sub-region by combining with an ARIMA prediction model, so as to obtain the predicted diffusion information of each sub-region, which is specifically as follows:
heavy metal monitoring data of a target city in N periods are obtained, and sub-area monitoring data of each sub-area in the corresponding N periods are obtained;
generating time series data of each sub-region based on the sub-region monitoring data of each sub-region in the N periods;
carrying out data cleaning and abnormal value detection pretreatment on the time sequence data;
constructing a prediction model based on ARIMA;
generating an autocorrelation map (ACF) and a partial autocorrelation map (PACF) from the time series data, determining prediction model parameters based on the autocorrelation map and the partial autocorrelation map;
dividing the time sequence data into a training set and a testing set, and importing the training set and the testing set into a prediction model for prediction training;
Based on the prediction model and the time sequence data, predicting and analyzing the time sequence data of M periods to obtain predicted sequence data of each sub-area;
and carrying out data analysis on the predicted sequence data to obtain predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods in each sub-region.
It should be noted that M is a lower value, which is limited by the prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model, and the longer the prediction period, the lower the data reliability, so M cannot be too large. The N cycles are the most recent N cycles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, according to the urban map model, the pollution source region and the heavy metal monitoring data, the heavy metal diffusion prediction is carried out on each sub-region by combining with an ARIMA prediction model, so as to obtain the predicted diffusion information of each sub-region, which is specifically as follows:
taking a sub-area as an analysis unit, and calculating the pollution diffusion rate of the heavy metal according to the predicted heavy metal monitoring data corresponding to M periods to obtain the heavy metal diffusion rate;
analyzing the direction from a sub-area to a pollution source area through an urban map model, and marking the direction as a diffusion direction;
and integrating the diffusion rate and the diffusion direction of the heavy metal in each sub-region to form predicted diffusion information.
It should be noted that, the predicted heavy metal monitoring data includes a preset heavy metal type and concentration, and the diffusion rate is calculated as a concentration change rate of the heavy metal in M periods, which can directly reflect the diffusion rate. The contamination source area includes at least one, and the diffusion direction includes at least one.
According to the embodiment of the invention, heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis are performed on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city are obtained, specifically:
obtaining diffusion rate and diffusion direction of a sub-area from predicted diffusion information and marking the diffusion rate and diffusion direction as current diffusion rate and current diffusion direction respectively;
based on the sub-region monitoring data and the current diffusion rate of the sub-region, carrying out current heavy metal pollution evaluation on the sub-region to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data;
carrying out vectorization on the current diffusion direction through an urban map model to obtain a plurality of direction vectors, and calculating the average direction deviation degree of the plurality of direction vectors;
carrying out load capacity analysis and evaluation based on the average direction deviation degree of one sub-area, the predicted diffusion information and the predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods to obtain heavy metal load capacity evaluation data;
And carrying out evaluation analysis on all subareas to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of all subareas, and further generating a pollution regulation and control scheme.
The direction vector is mainly used for analyzing the direction value. The average direction deviation degree, that is, the average value of the included angles between the direction vectors, can reflect the overall pollution diffusion direction of the pollution source to the current subarea, the larger the deviation degree, the wider the direction range representing the pollution diffusion of the current subarea, otherwise, the more single the direction of the pollution diffusion is, for example, in one subarea, one pollution source exists in the left-right (or east-west) direction of the subarea, the wider the direction of the pollution diffusion is, and the larger the average direction deviation degree is, for example, in one subarea, two pollution sources exist in the right (or east-west) direction of the subarea, the more single the direction of the pollution diffusion is, and the narrower the diffusion range is (both are in the same direction). The heavy metal load capacity evaluation data comprise information such as load capacity values, current capacity values, expected time to load and the like of various heavy metals, and various heavy metals correspondingly analyzed in each sub-area are different. The pollution control scheme includes heavy metal pollution control information for each sub-region.
It should be noted that, the smaller the load capacity value of the heavy metal, the larger the influence of the current environment on the subarea, the more serious the situation that each pollution source and heavy metal diffuse into the subarea, the smaller the load capacity of the subarea, and the weaker the bearing capacity of the subarea, so that the corresponding follow-up pollution control priority is higher.
In one sub-region, the corresponding average direction deviation and diffusion rate are inversely related to the load capacity value.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:
based on the predicted diffusion information, acquiring diffusion rates of all subareas in the target city;
based on the heavy metal load capacity evaluation data, acquiring heavy metal load capacity values of all subareas in the target city;
judging all subareas, marking the subareas with the diffusion rate higher than a first preset value and the heavy metal load capacity value smaller than the first preset value as low-demand-level areas, and marking the rest areas with no low demand level as high-demand-level areas;
in the next monitoring period, heavy metal monitoring is carried out on the high-demand area, and corresponding heavy metal monitoring data of the high-demand area are obtained;
selecting a low-demand-degree region, combining an urban map model, acquiring a plurality of adjacent sub-regions of the low-demand-degree region, and ensuring that the adjacent sub-regions are high-demand-degree regions;
Extracting monitoring data of a plurality of adjacent subareas from heavy metal monitoring data of a high-demand area to obtain monitoring data of the adjacent areas;
according to the adjacent area monitoring data, carrying out data prediction based on a linear regression model on the one low-demand area to obtain corresponding linear prediction data;
analyzing all the low-demand-degree areas and obtaining corresponding linear prediction data;
and integrating all the linear prediction data with heavy metal monitoring data of the high-demand area, and forming complete monitoring data of the target city.
The heavy metal loading capacity value generally refers to an average loading value of a plurality of heavy metals. In the invention, in the subarea with the diffusion rate higher than the first preset value and the heavy metal load capacity value smaller than the first preset value, the method is characterized in that the area has low fluctuation of heavy metal pollution due to environmental influence and has a certain capacity load, and the monitoring data and the adjacent area show high correlation and high linearity, so that the area is marked as a low demand area, and the data is filled through the linear regression prediction of the adjacent area, so that unnecessary monitoring points can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the data, the cost of manpower and material resources for monitoring is reduced, and further the heavy metal capacity load analysis is more scientifically and efficiently carried out, so that the data support with high accuracy is provided for the follow-up.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the
Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a heavy metal load capacity analysis system based on urban environmental media according to the invention.
The second aspect of the present invention also provides a heavy metal load capacity analysis system 4 based on urban environment medium, the system comprising: the memory 41 and the processor 42, wherein the memory comprises a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment media, and the heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on the urban environment media realizes the following steps when being executed by the processor:
acquiring basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the basic information of the target city is acquired, and a three-dimensional city map model is constructed based on the basic information, specifically:
acquiring city area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
integrating the urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information to form basic information;
and constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based urban map model based on the basic information.
It is to be noted that, through the urban ground pattern based on three-dimensional visualization, the distribution of heavy metals in the target city can be intuitively and conveniently checked, and the user visualization experience is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the urban map model is based on regional division to obtain a plurality of subareas, urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city are obtained, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source region is determined, specifically:
dividing regional grids based on the area of the target city by using a city map model, obtaining a plurality of subareas, and ensuring that each subarea meets a preset regional standard;
Obtaining urban medium data of a target city, wherein the urban medium data comprises a soil area, a water body area, a greening area, an industrial area, a residential area and an agricultural area;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out the area ratio of soil to water body on each sub-area to obtain the value of the area ratio of soil to water body medium;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out land property area ratio analysis on each sub-area to obtain ratio values of industrial, residential and agricultural areas;
and acquiring heavy metal monitoring data of the target city in a monitoring period, and dividing the heavy metal monitoring data based on the subareas to obtain subarea monitoring data corresponding to each subarea.
The urban heavy metal pollution and diffusion conditions are complex, the method performs refined regional analysis by dividing the subareas, and the urban medium, the heavy metal distribution and the heavy metal migration rate of different regions are different. The preset region standard comprises an area standard and a shape standard, and after grid division, the fusion of the subdivision regions can be carried out to a certain extent to form sub-regions meeting the standard. The urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data can be visually displayed on the urban map model. The one monitoring period is the latest one.
In urban medium data, the soil area and the water area have medium differences, which plays an important role in the subsequent heavy metal capacity and pollution diffusion analysis, and in addition, in areas with different attributes, the soil medium is also different, such as greening areas, industrial areas and residential areas, and the soil medium in areas with different attributes is also different. The water body area is a river area and the like. The ratio value of the soil to the water medium, namely the ratio value of the soil to the water medium to the total area of the corresponding subareas, can effectively reflect the medium condition. The ratio value of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas is the ratio value of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas to the total area of the corresponding subareas.
In the heavy metal monitoring data of the target city, each related monitoring point generally comprises at least one sub-area. The heavy metal monitoring data comprise the concentration and the type of preset heavy metals, and the preset heavy metals comprise Zn, cd, cr, pb, hg, cu, ni, as and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data are combined to carry out the pollution analysis of the subareas, and the pollution source area is determined, specifically:
calculating pollution source coefficients based on industrial, residential, and agricultural area duty cycle values;
Acquiring metal pollution information of all subareas based on the subarea monitoring data;
the metal pollution information comprises heavy metal types and concentrations;
and marking the subarea with the metal pollution information meeting the preset pollution standard and the pollution source coefficient larger than the preset threshold value as a pollution source area.
It should be noted that, the pollution source coefficient calculation formula is:
W k ＝P 1 ×k1+P 2 ×k2+P 3 ×k3
wherein W is k As pollution source coefficient, P 1 ，P 2 ，P 3 The duty ratio values of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas are respectively k1, k2 and k3, and the correction coefficients of the industrial, residential and agricultural areas are respectively.
The preset pollution standard comprises a preset standard heavy metal type and standard concentration.
It is worth mentioning that the pollution source coefficient can effectively reflect the probability of the corresponding subarea as the pollution source, and the larger the value is, the larger the probability is. In general, k1> k2> k3.
According to the embodiment of the invention, according to the urban map model, the pollution source region and the heavy metal monitoring data, the heavy metal diffusion prediction is carried out on each sub-region by combining with an ARIMA prediction model, so as to obtain the predicted diffusion information of each sub-region, which is specifically as follows:
heavy metal monitoring data of a target city in N periods are obtained, and sub-area monitoring data of each sub-area in the corresponding N periods are obtained;
Generating time series data of each sub-region based on the sub-region monitoring data of each sub-region in the N periods;
carrying out data cleaning and abnormal value detection pretreatment on the time sequence data;
constructing a prediction model based on ARIMA;
generating an autocorrelation map (ACF) and a partial autocorrelation map (PACF) from the time series data, determining prediction model parameters based on the autocorrelation map and the partial autocorrelation map;
dividing the time sequence data into a training set and a testing set, and importing the training set and the testing set into a prediction model for prediction training;
based on the prediction model and the time sequence data, predicting and analyzing the time sequence data of M periods to obtain predicted sequence data of each sub-area;
and carrying out data analysis on the predicted sequence data to obtain predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods in each sub-region.
It should be noted that M is a lower value, which is limited by the prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model, and the longer the prediction period, the lower the data reliability, so M cannot be too large. The N cycles are the most recent N cycles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, according to the urban map model, the pollution source region and the heavy metal monitoring data, the heavy metal diffusion prediction is carried out on each sub-region by combining with an ARIMA prediction model, so as to obtain the predicted diffusion information of each sub-region, which is specifically as follows:
Taking a sub-area as an analysis unit, and calculating the pollution diffusion rate of the heavy metal according to the predicted heavy metal monitoring data corresponding to M periods to obtain the heavy metal diffusion rate;
analyzing the direction from a sub-area to a pollution source area through an urban map model, and marking the direction as a diffusion direction;
and integrating the diffusion rate and the diffusion direction of the heavy metal in each sub-region to form predicted diffusion information.
It should be noted that, the predicted heavy metal monitoring data includes a preset heavy metal type and concentration, and the diffusion rate is calculated as a concentration change rate of the heavy metal in M periods, which can directly reflect the diffusion rate. The contamination source area includes at least one, and the diffusion direction includes at least one.
According to the embodiment of the invention, heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis are performed on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city are obtained, specifically:
obtaining diffusion rate and diffusion direction of a sub-area from predicted diffusion information and marking the diffusion rate and diffusion direction as current diffusion rate and current diffusion direction respectively;
Based on the sub-region monitoring data and the current diffusion rate of the sub-region, carrying out current heavy metal pollution evaluation on the sub-region to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data;
carrying out vectorization on the current diffusion direction through an urban map model to obtain a plurality of direction vectors, and calculating the average direction deviation degree of the plurality of direction vectors;
carrying out load capacity analysis and evaluation based on the average direction deviation degree of one sub-area, the predicted diffusion information and the predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods to obtain heavy metal load capacity evaluation data;
and carrying out evaluation analysis on all subareas to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of all subareas, and further generating a pollution regulation and control scheme.
The direction vector is mainly used for analyzing the direction value. The average direction deviation degree, that is, the average value of the included angles between the direction vectors, can reflect the overall pollution diffusion direction of the pollution source to the current subarea, the larger the deviation degree, the wider the direction range representing the pollution diffusion of the current subarea, otherwise, the more single the direction of the pollution diffusion is, for example, in one subarea, one pollution source exists in the left-right (or east-west) direction of the subarea, the wider the direction of the pollution diffusion is, and the larger the average direction deviation degree is, for example, in one subarea, two pollution sources exist in the right (or east-west) direction of the subarea, the more single the direction of the pollution diffusion is, and the narrower the diffusion range is (both are in the same direction). The heavy metal load capacity evaluation data comprise information such as load capacity values, current capacity values, expected time to load and the like of various heavy metals, and various heavy metals correspondingly analyzed in each sub-area are different. The pollution control scheme includes heavy metal pollution control information for each sub-region.
It should be noted that, the smaller the load capacity value of the heavy metal, the larger the influence of the current environment on the subarea, the more serious the situation that each pollution source and heavy metal diffuse into the subarea, the smaller the load capacity of the subarea, and the weaker the bearing capacity of the subarea, so that the corresponding follow-up pollution control priority is higher.
In one sub-region, the corresponding average direction deviation and diffusion rate are inversely related to the load capacity value.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:
based on the predicted diffusion information, acquiring diffusion rates of all subareas in the target city;
based on the heavy metal load capacity evaluation data, acquiring heavy metal load capacity values of all subareas in the target city;
judging all subareas, marking the subareas with the diffusion rate higher than a first preset value and the heavy metal load capacity value smaller than the first preset value as low-demand-level areas, and marking the rest areas with no low demand level as high-demand-level areas;
in the next monitoring period, heavy metal monitoring is carried out on the high-demand area, and corresponding heavy metal monitoring data of the high-demand area are obtained;
selecting a low-demand-degree region, combining an urban map model, acquiring a plurality of adjacent sub-regions of the low-demand-degree region, and ensuring that the adjacent sub-regions are high-demand-degree regions;
Extracting monitoring data of a plurality of adjacent subareas from heavy metal monitoring data of a high-demand area to obtain monitoring data of the adjacent areas;
according to the adjacent area monitoring data, carrying out data prediction based on a linear regression model on the one low-demand area to obtain corresponding linear prediction data;
analyzing all the low-demand-degree areas and obtaining corresponding linear prediction data;
and integrating all the linear prediction data with heavy metal monitoring data of the high-demand area, and forming complete monitoring data of the target city.
The heavy metal loading capacity value generally refers to an average loading value of a plurality of heavy metals. In the invention, in the subarea with the diffusion rate higher than the first preset value and the heavy metal load capacity value smaller than the first preset value, the method is characterized in that the area has low fluctuation of heavy metal pollution due to environmental influence and has a certain capacity load, and the monitoring data and the adjacent area show high correlation and high linearity, so that the area is marked as a low demand area, and the data is filled through the linear regression prediction of the adjacent area, so that unnecessary monitoring points can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the data, the cost of manpower and material resources for monitoring is reduced, and further the heavy metal capacity load analysis is more scientifically and efficiently carried out, so that the data support with high accuracy is provided for the follow-up.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium includes a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment medium, and when the heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment medium is executed by a processor, the steps of the heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on urban environment medium according to any one of the above-mentioned steps are implemented.
The invention discloses a heavy metal load capacity analysis method and a system based on urban environment media, which are characterized in that urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data are obtained by constructing an urban map model and dividing a plurality of subareas, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source area is determined; according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area; and analyzing the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city. According to the method, urban environment medium analysis and regional attribute analysis can be effectively combined, informatization and accurate analysis and evaluation of urban heavy metal pollution are realized, accurate regulation and control of a target city are realized, and urban sustainable development is further realized.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above described device embodiments are only illustrative, e.g. the division of the units is only one logical function division, and there may be other divisions in practice, such as: multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the various components shown or discussed may be coupled or directly coupled or communicatively coupled to each other via some interface, whether indirectly coupled or communicatively coupled to devices or units, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise.
The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units; can be located in one place or distributed to a plurality of network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit; the integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in hardware plus software functional units.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the program, when executed, performs steps including the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like, which can store program codes.
Alternatively, the above-described integrated units of the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disk, or other medium capable of storing program code.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on the urban environment medium is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
2. The method for analyzing heavy metal load capacity based on urban environment media according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional urban map model based on the basic information, specifically comprises:
acquiring city area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
integrating the urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information to form basic information;
and constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based urban map model based on the basic information.
3. The method for analyzing the heavy metal load capacity based on the urban environment medium according to claim 1, wherein the urban map model is used for carrying out regional division to obtain a plurality of subareas, urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city are obtained, pollution analysis of the subareas is carried out by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data, and a pollution source region is determined, and the method is specifically as follows:
dividing regional grids based on the area of the target city by using a city map model, obtaining a plurality of subareas, and ensuring that each subarea meets a preset regional standard;
Obtaining urban medium data of a target city, wherein the urban medium data comprises a soil area, a water body area, a greening area, an industrial area, a residential area and an agricultural area;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out the area ratio of soil to water body on each sub-area to obtain the value of the area ratio of soil to water body medium;
according to the urban medium data, carrying out land property area ratio analysis on each sub-area to obtain ratio values of industrial, residential and agricultural areas;
and acquiring heavy metal monitoring data of the target city in a monitoring period, and dividing the heavy metal monitoring data based on the subareas to obtain subarea monitoring data corresponding to each subarea.
4. The method for analyzing the loading capacity of heavy metals based on urban environment media according to claim 3, wherein the method for analyzing the pollution of the subareas by combining urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data is characterized in that the method for determining the pollution source area comprises the following steps:
calculating pollution source coefficients based on industrial, residential, and agricultural area duty cycle values;
acquiring metal pollution information of all subareas based on the subarea monitoring data;
the metal pollution information comprises heavy metal types and concentrations;
And marking the subarea with the metal pollution information meeting the preset pollution standard and the pollution source coefficient larger than the preset threshold value as a pollution source area.
5. The method for analyzing the heavy metal load capacity based on the urban environment medium according to claim 4, wherein the predicting the heavy metal diffusion of each sub-area by combining the ARIMA prediction model according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, and obtaining the predicted diffusion information of each sub-area specifically comprises the following steps:
heavy metal monitoring data of a target city in N periods are obtained, and sub-area monitoring data of each sub-area in the corresponding N periods are obtained;
generating time series data of each sub-region based on the sub-region monitoring data of each sub-region in the N periods;
carrying out data cleaning and abnormal value detection pretreatment on the time sequence data;
constructing a prediction model based on ARIMA;
generating an autocorrelation map (ACF) and a partial autocorrelation map (PACF) from the time series data, determining prediction model parameters based on the autocorrelation map and the partial autocorrelation map;
dividing the time sequence data into a training set and a testing set, and importing the training set and the testing set into a prediction model for prediction training;
Based on the prediction model and the time sequence data, predicting and analyzing the time sequence data of M periods to obtain predicted sequence data of each sub-area;
and carrying out data analysis on the predicted sequence data to obtain predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods in each sub-region.
6. The method for analyzing heavy metal load capacity based on urban environment medium according to claim 5, wherein the predicting heavy metal diffusion is performed on each sub-area according to the urban map model, pollution source area and heavy metal monitoring data by combining with ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area, specifically:
taking a sub-area as an analysis unit, and calculating the pollution diffusion rate of the heavy metal according to the predicted heavy metal monitoring data corresponding to M periods to obtain the heavy metal diffusion rate;
analyzing the direction from a sub-area to a pollution source area through an urban map model, and marking the direction as a diffusion direction;
and integrating the diffusion rate and the diffusion direction of the heavy metal in each sub-region to form predicted diffusion information.
7. The method for analyzing heavy metal load capacity based on urban environment medium according to claim 6, wherein the heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis is performed on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city are obtained, specifically:
Obtaining diffusion rate and diffusion direction of a sub-area from predicted diffusion information and marking the diffusion rate and diffusion direction as current diffusion rate and current diffusion direction respectively;
based on the sub-region monitoring data and the current diffusion rate of the sub-region, carrying out current heavy metal pollution evaluation on the sub-region to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data;
carrying out vectorization on the current diffusion direction through an urban map model to obtain a plurality of direction vectors, and calculating the average direction deviation degree of the plurality of direction vectors;
carrying out load capacity analysis and evaluation based on the average direction deviation degree of one sub-area, the predicted diffusion information and the predicted heavy metal monitoring data of M periods to obtain heavy metal load capacity evaluation data;
and carrying out evaluation analysis on all subareas to obtain heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of all subareas, and further generating a pollution regulation and control scheme.
8. A heavy metal load capacity analysis system based on urban environmental media, the system comprising: the system comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory comprises a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on urban environment media, and the heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on the urban environment media realizes the following steps when being executed by the processor:
Acquiring basic information of a target city, and constructing a three-dimensional city map model based on the basic information;
dividing areas based on the urban map model to obtain a plurality of subareas, acquiring urban medium data and heavy metal monitoring data of a target city, and carrying out pollution analysis of the subareas by combining the urban medium data and the heavy metal monitoring data to determine a pollution source area;
according to the urban map model, the pollution source area and the heavy metal monitoring data, carrying out heavy metal diffusion prediction on each sub-area by combining with an ARIMA prediction model to obtain predicted diffusion information of each sub-area;
and carrying out heavy metal pollution and capacity analysis on the target city based on the predicted diffusion information, and obtaining heavy metal pollution evaluation data and heavy metal load capacity evaluation data of the target city.
9. The heavy metal load capacity analysis system based on the urban environment medium according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining of the basic information of the target city, the constructing of the three-dimensional urban map model based on the basic information, is specifically as follows:
acquiring city area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information of a target city;
Integrating the urban area, map outline, industrial area, residential area and agricultural area information to form basic information;
and constructing a three-dimensional visualization-based urban map model based on the basic information.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes therein a heavy metal load capacity analysis program based on an urban environment medium, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the heavy metal load capacity analysis method based on an urban environment medium as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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