CN117874473A - Old building component inspection damage, demolition and carbon reduction optimization system for treatment of old building component inspection damage, demolition and carbon reduction optimization system - Google Patents
Old building component inspection damage, demolition and carbon reduction optimization system for treatment of old building component inspection damage, demolition and carbon reduction optimization system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon reduction optimizing system for old building component inspection, demolition and treatment, comprising: the early-stage module outputs the modeled model information and the component information to the injury checking module; the damage checking module is used for inputting the model information and the component information sent by the early-stage module, dividing the model information by using point cloud, identifying the damage type and the damage degree, and outputting an identification result to the dismantling module and the processing module; the dismantling module inputs the identification result sent by the inspection module, formulates different dismantling schemes, carries out stress analysis by using structural analysis software Autodesk Robot, screens the dismantling schemes according to the analysis result, and outputs the optimal dismantling scheme; and the processing module inputs the identification result sent by the damage inspection module, performs secondary classification on the components according to the processing modes, calculates the carbon emission of the components by using corresponding formulas according to the processing modes of different components, compares the carbon emission with the carbon emission, and outputs the carbon reduction. The invention makes the establishment of the building dismantling scheme and the component recycling scheme more convenient, safe and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon reduction optimization systems, and particularly relates to a carbon reduction optimization system for old building component inspection damage, demolition and treatment thereof.
Background
Under the background that ultra-low energy consumption buildings are advocated at home and abroad at present, the carbon emission ratio of a building materialization stage and a using stage in the whole life cycle is smaller, the energy consumption and the carbon emission ratio of a building dismantling stage are larger, and the method is an important link for comprehensively realizing ultra-low energy consumption on building dismantling waste recycling.
Limitations of current research are as follows. Firstly, the detection of the surface damage of the component is critical to the recycling of the component and the material, and at present, the detection of the surface damage of the component mostly adopts an integral microscope and a scanning electron microscope to acquire the surface image of the component, which has high precision requirements on equipment, and in addition, the acquired information only stays at a two-dimensional pixel point layer and a non-three-dimensional coordinate layer. Secondly, at present, the building is demolished mainly by adopting two modes of blasting and mechanical demolishing, the blasting demolishing not only can pollute the environment, but also can carry out simple landfill treatment on demolished materials, so that resource waste is caused; and mechanical dismantling is not combined with science and technology to realize intelligent dismantling. Thirdly, aiming at the accounting problem of carbon emission in the existing building dismantling stage, the current research rarely considers the comparison of the recycling, remanufacturing and recycling aspects with the carbon reduction capacity of the traditional landfill mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a carbon reduction optimizing system for checking and dismantling old building components and processing the old building components, and the carbon reduction optimizing system utilizes a related algorithm to evaluate, ensures construction safety, controls construction cost and accurately evaluates and saves carbon emission.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a carbon reduction optimizing system for checking damage, dismantling and processing of old building components comprises a pre-stage module, a checking damage module, a dismantling module and a processing module;
the early-stage module comprises a data collection module and a modeling classification module; the injury checking module comprises a segmentation module and an identification module; the dismantling module comprises an analysis module and a screening module; the processing module comprises a classification module, a calculation module and a comparison module;
the data collection module specifically comprises: acquiring environment information and shielding conditions of a target building through unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography, generating basic information of the target building, and acquiring original point cloud data of the building according to the characteristics of the existing building structure;
the modeling classification module specifically comprises:
preprocessing by using live-action modeling software according to the original point cloud data;
reversely establishing BIM models of all the components according to the data information of the scanning points, editing the corresponding BIM models, and classifying the types of the components;
the segmentation module specifically comprises:
acquiring a point cloud set on a single building component such as a wall, a beam, a plate and a column of a target building through a three-dimensional live-action model of the target building, and comparing and analyzing the point cloud of the component with a grid bim model by utilizing Leica Cyclone 3DR point cloud processing software;
adjusting the error range, and carrying out positioning processing on the grid by color according to the coordinate value of the point cloud, so as to divide the smooth area and the uneven area;
the identification module specifically comprises:
carrying out point cloud image enhancement on the obtained point cloud data to generate a data set with a data mark;
further classifying point cloud images by adopting a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and marking areas with different damage types by adopting the point cloud images with known damage types as a network model training data set;
comparing the scanned point cloud with the grid by utilizing the Leica cycle 3DR, calculating the area of the damaged area, and corresponding to the configuration parameters so as to determine the damage degree;
the analysis module specifically comprises:
according to the damage type and damage degree identification result, different dismantling schemes are formulated;
and extracting a structural member conversion format from the formed BIM model, introducing the structural member conversion format into an Autodesk Robot structural analysis software, and carrying out stress analysis according to different schemes to generate all information of a structural stress diagram, an analysis color diagram, a bending moment diagram and an internal force.
The screening module specifically comprises: and carrying out safety evaluation and cost analysis according to the generated image and the dismantling scheme, and screening out a more suitable scheme.
The classification module specifically comprises: and classifying the different types of components in a treatment mode according to the judged damage types and damage degrees of the components.
The calculation module specifically comprises: and respectively calculating the carbon emission amount according to different component treatment modes by using corresponding formulas.
The comparison module specifically comprises: and comparing the carbon emission of the landfill treatment of the components to obtain the carbon reduction in the dismantling recovery scheme.
Further, the original point cloud data acquisition specifically includes: and acquiring images of the outdoor scene by using the unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain original point cloud data, and scanning the indoor scene by using the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the original point cloud data.
Further, the pretreatment specifically comprises: and (3) importing the original point cloud data into a contexttcapture to perform point cloud modeling, modifying the formed three-dimensional live-action model, such as region void, deformation and the like, and performing quality inspection on the model by utilizing point location measurement information.
Further, the types of the components are classified into walls, beams, plates, columns and other components, wherein the other components comprise enclosure components such as doors and windows and partition components.
Further, the damage types are concrete cracks, protection layers fall off and reinforcing steel bars are exposed, and the damage degree is a configuration parameter.
Further, safety evaluation and cost analysis are carried out according to the generated image and the dismantling scheme, and a more appropriate scheme is screened out, specifically: and determining stress states of the building under different conditions according to the structural stress schematic diagram, the analysis color diagram, the bending moment diagram and all information tables of internal force, and guiding screening and designing a building dismantling scheme according to the calculated states of the building components and the damage degree table.
Further, the treatment modes of the different types of components are classified according to the damage types and the damage degrees, and specifically: the components are secondarily categorized into landfill, reuse, recycling, and recycling.
Further, the carbon emission amount calculation formula of the different member processing modes includes: dismantling a carbon emission amount formula in a stage, a carbon emission amount formula in a transportation stage and a carbon emission amount formula in a treatment stage, wherein,
the calculation formula of the carbon emission amount of the building components to be dismantled in different treatment modes of different types of building components comprises the following steps: component removal carbon emission total formulas (including component removal carbon emission formulas and component removal carbon reduction formulas) and carbon reduction total formulas.
Wherein the total formula of the component removal carbon emission is classified according to the component treatment mode, and comprises a formula of the recycled carbon emission and the carbon reduction, a formula of the remanufactured carbon emission and the carbon reduction, a formula of the recycled carbon emission and the carbon reduction, and a formula of the landfill carbon emission.
Wherein the recycle carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:recycling the carbon emissions involved for the ith building element;solving for the ith building elementCarbon emissions generated during formation;transport carbon emissions for the ith building element from the deconstructing site to the recycling process plant;carbon emissions generated for the ith building element recycling process.
Wherein, the formula of carbon emission of the recycling carbon reduction is:
CS recycle,i =R recycle,i (EC 0,i -C recycle,proci )，
wherein:carbon reduction for the ith building element recycling management strategy;a recycle ratio for the ith building element (i.e., the amount of recycle treatment for the ith building element as a percentage of its total amount); EC (EC) 0,i Is the hidden carbon of the ith building element.
Wherein, the remanufactured carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions involved in remanufacturing an ith building element;a transport carbon emission for the ith building element from the deconstructed site to the remanufacturing plant;carbon emissions resulting from the remanufacturing process for the ith building element.
Wherein, the formula of remanufacturing carbon reduction is as follows:
，
wherein:remanufacturing a management policy carbon reduction amount for an ith building element;the remanufacturing duty for the ith building element (i.e., the amount of remanufacturing process for the ith building element as a percentage of its total amount).
Wherein, the reuse carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions involved in the process of recycling the ith building element;carbon emissions for the transport of the ith building element from the deconstructing site to the storage plant.
Wherein, reuse carbon reduction formula is:
the amount of carbon reduction produced by the ith building element reuse management strategy is estimated as follows:
，
wherein:the carbon reduction amount of the management strategy is reused for the ith building element;is the reuse duty of the ith building element (i.e., is the amount of the ith building element reuse treatment as a percentage of its total amount).
Wherein, the formula of carbon emission for landfill is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions generated for the i-th building component landfill;carbon emissions generated when the ith building element is removed;carbon emissions are generated for the ith building element from the transportation of the demolition site to the landfill site.
Wherein, the total formula of the carbon reduction is as follows:
，
wherein:is the landfill duty of the i-th type building element (i.e., is the percentage of the i-th type building element landfill treatment amount to the total amount).
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the carbon reduction optimizing system for checking and dismantling old building components and processing the old building components based on the combination of the point cloud technology and the BIM technology, provided by the invention, has reasonable steps and the specific effects as follows:
(1) According to the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle and the three-dimensional laser scanner are used for respectively acquiring the original data of the indoor and outdoor scenes, so that the data acquisition is more accurate and comprehensive without dead angles.
(2) According to the method, the contexttcapture is used for processing the point cloud data, the inclination model can be directly generated according to the photo, and the method is convenient, efficient and capable of saving manpower and material resources.
(3) According to the invention, the Leica Cyclone 3DR is used for carrying out point cloud segmentation, the preset value is used for judging the damage level parameter for carrying out damage degree pre-classification, and CNN is adopted for further classification, so that the automation and module standardization of component damage judgment can be realized, the judgment efficiency is improved, and the damage degree information table is automatically generated and used for assisting in making a dismantling scheme.
(4) The invention utilizes the Autodesk Robot structure analysis software to analyze the structure of the building, so that the stress characteristics of the building are clear at a glance, the safety assessment is facilitated, and the dismantling danger is reduced.
(5) The invention classifies the components by using BIM software, enumerates the algorithm, has clear steps, and ensures that the calculation and the sources of the whole carbon emission are clear and clear at a glance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a carbon reduction optimization system for old building component inspection damage, demolition and treatment thereof provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an inspection module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a demolition module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and the embodiments of the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that many details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and that the specific examples are set forth for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in FIG. 1, the carbon reduction optimizing system for the inspection, disassembly and treatment of the old building components provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises four modules, namely a pre-stage module, an inspection module, a disassembly module and a treatment module.
The early-stage module comprises a data collection module and a modeling classification module and outputs modeling model information and component information to the injury inspection module;
the damage checking module comprises a segmentation module and an identification module, wherein model information and component information sent by the early-stage module are input, the model information is segmented by using point cloud, so that damage types and damage degrees are identified, and identification results are output to the dismantling module and the processing module;
the dismantling module comprises an analysis module and a screening module, inputs the identification result sent by the inspection module, formulates different dismantling schemes, carries out stress analysis by using structural analysis software Autodesk Robot, screens the dismantling scheme according to the analysis result, and outputs the optimal dismantling scheme;
the processing module comprises a classification module, a calculation module and a comparison module, the identification result sent by the injury inspection module is input, the components are classified secondarily according to the processing modes, the carbon emission of the components is calculated and compared by corresponding formulas according to the processing modes of different components, and the carbon reduction is output.
It should be noted that modular design is a method of decomposing a complex system into separate components that are easier to manage, and the modules can be reduced appropriately when the demolition is simple. For example, if the building is small or the type of major damage is known, the inspection module may be omitted and the lead module directly connected to the demolition module and the treatment module. This flexibility is a key advantage of a modular design that allows the system to be tuned to the specific needs and conditions of the project. Also, for a simple structure or a single-story building, the system can be further simplified, omitting the demolition module. In this case, the optometry module may be directly connected to the processing module. This method of customization not only simplifies the process but also potentially reduces cost and time while still maintaining the functionality and efficiency of the system.
As shown in fig. 2, a flowchart of an injury inspection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the segmentation module specifically comprises:
acquiring a point cloud set on a single building component such as a wall, a beam, a plate and a column of a target building through a three-dimensional live-action model of the target building, and comparing and analyzing the point cloud of the component with a grid bim model by utilizing Leica Cyclone 3DR point cloud processing software;
adjusting the error range, and carrying out positioning processing on the grid by color according to the coordinate value of the point cloud, so as to divide the smooth area and the uneven area;
the identification module is specifically as follows:
carrying out point cloud image enhancement on the obtained point cloud data to generate a data set with a data mark;
further classifying point cloud images by adopting a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and marking areas with different damage types by adopting the point cloud images with known damage types as a network model training data set;
comparing the scanned point cloud with the grid by utilizing the Leica cycle 3DR, calculating the area of the damaged area, and corresponding to the configuration parameters so as to determine the damage degree;
in addition, when the point cloud is preprocessed,
data import: first, the collected point cloud data is imported into ContextCapture. Such data may come from a variety of different sensors and measurement devices, including laser scanners, drones, cameras, and the like.
And (3) data filtering: after the point cloud data is imported, filtering processing is carried out on the point cloud data. The process mainly removes noise and abnormal values and improves the data quality. ContextCapture provides a variety of filters, such as statistical filtering, gaussian filtering, face-based filtering, and the like.
Data classification: after filtering, the point cloud data is classified. This process is primarily to separate different types of objects or surfaces, such as floors, buildings, vegetation, etc. The basis for classification may be color, density, height, etc.
Data segmentation: after classification, the objects are segmented. This process is mainly to separate different types of objects for subsequent processing and analysis.
Data fusion: after segmentation, the same type of object is fused. This process is essentially to merge objects of the same type into one whole for subsequent modeling and rendering.
Data optimization: and finally, optimizing the point cloud data. The process mainly removes redundant point cloud data, improves data efficiency, and facilitates subsequent modeling and analysis.
As shown in fig. 3, a flowchart of a demolition module provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the analysis module specifically comprises:
according to the damage type and damage degree identification result, different dismantling schemes are formulated;
and extracting a structural member conversion format from the formed BIM model, introducing the structural member conversion format into an Autodesk Robot structural analysis software, and carrying out stress analysis according to different schemes to generate all information of a structural stress diagram, an analysis color diagram, a bending moment diagram and an internal force.
The screening module specifically comprises: and carrying out safety evaluation and cost analysis according to the generated image and the dismantling scheme, and screening out a more suitable scheme.
The components are removed in sequence from large to small in stress degree according to the configuration parameters and the damage degree; according to whether the building is stable or not after the components are dismantled, whether the building is safe or not for constructors or not, the components are dismantled from large to small in safety degree, different dismantling schemes are formulated by combining the two schemes, and the optimal scheme is screened according to safety, economy and convenience.
The processing module flow chart provided by the embodiment of the invention, wherein the calculation module provides different component processing modes for respectively calculating the carbon emission by using corresponding formulas to obtain the carbon emission accounting method saved in the dismantling and recycling scheme, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the calculation formula of the carbon emission amount of the building components to be dismantled in different treatment modes of different types of building components comprises the following steps: component removal carbon emission total formulas (including component removal carbon emission formulas and component removal carbon reduction formulas) and carbon reduction total formulas.
Wherein the total formula of the component removal carbon emission is classified according to the component treatment mode, and comprises a formula of the recycled carbon emission and the carbon reduction, a formula of the remanufactured carbon emission and the carbon reduction, a formula of the recycled carbon emission and the carbon reduction, and a formula of the landfill carbon emission.
Wherein the recycle carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:recycling the carbon emissions involved for the ith building element;carbon emissions generated when deconstructing the ith building element;transport carbon emissions for the ith building element from the deconstructing site to the recycling process plant;carbon emissions generated for the ith building element recycling process.
Wherein, the formula of carbon emission of the recycling carbon reduction is:
CS recycle,i =R recycle,i (EC 0,i -C recycle,proci ) ，
wherein:carbon reduction for the ith building element recycling management strategy;a recycle ratio for the ith building element (i.e., the amount of recycle treatment for the ith building element as a percentage of its total amount); EC (EC) 0,i Is the hidden carbon of the ith building element.
Wherein, the remanufactured carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions involved in remanufacturing an ith building element;a transport carbon emission for the ith building element from the deconstructed site to the remanufacturing plant;carbon emissions resulting from the remanufacturing process for the ith building element.
Wherein, the formula of remanufacturing carbon reduction is as follows:
，
wherein:remanufacturing a management policy carbon reduction amount for an ith building element;the remanufacturing duty for the ith building element (i.e., the amount of remanufacturing process for the ith building element as a percentage of its total amount).
Wherein, the reuse carbon emission formula is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions involved in the process of recycling the ith building element;carbon emissions for the transport of the ith building element from the deconstructing site to the storage plant.
Wherein, reuse carbon reduction formula is:
the amount of carbon reduction produced by the ith building element reuse management strategy is estimated as follows:
，
wherein:the carbon reduction amount of the management strategy is reused for the ith building element;is the reuse duty of the ith building element (i.e., is the amount of the ith building element reuse treatment as a percentage of its total amount).
Wherein, the formula of carbon emission for landfill is:
，
wherein:carbon emissions generated for the i-th building component landfill;carbon emissions generated when the ith building element is removed;carbon emissions are generated for the ith building element from the transportation of the demolition site to the landfill site.
Wherein, the total formula of the carbon reduction is as follows:
，
wherein:is the landfill duty of the i-th type building element (i.e., is the percentage of the i-th type building element landfill treatment amount to the total amount).
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The carbon reduction optimizing system for the inspection, disassembly and treatment of the old building components is characterized by comprising a pre-stage module, an inspection module, a disassembly module and a treatment module;
the early-stage module inputs the collected building information and outputs the modeled model information and the component information to the injury checking module;
the damage checking module is used for inputting the model information and the component information sent by the early-stage module, dividing the model information by using point cloud, identifying the damage type and the damage degree, and outputting an identification result to the dismantling module and the processing module;
the dismantling module inputs the identification result sent by the inspection module, formulates different dismantling schemes, carries out stress analysis by using structural analysis software Autodesk Robot, screens the dismantling schemes according to the analysis result, and outputs the optimal dismantling scheme;
and the processing module inputs the identification result sent by the damage inspection module, performs secondary classification on the components according to the processing modes, calculates the carbon emission of the components by using corresponding formulas according to the processing modes of different components, compares the carbon emission with the carbon emission, and outputs the carbon reduction.
2. The carbon reduction optimization system for inspection, dismantling and processing of old building components according to claim 1, wherein the early-stage module comprises a data collection module and a modeling classification module, the data collection module is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle and outputs collected building information to the modeling classification module, and the modeling classification module performs modeling and component classification according to the collected building information to obtain model information and component information.
3. The carbon reduction optimizing system for examining, removing and processing old building elements according to claim 1, wherein the examining and damaging module comprises a dividing module and an identifying module, the dividing module inputs model information, performs point cloud division on the model, outputs a dividing result to the identifying module, and the identifying module identifies damage types and damage degrees according to the dividing result.
4. The carbon reduction optimizing system for examining damage, dismantling and processing of old building components according to claim 1, wherein the dismantling module comprises an analysis module and a screening module, the analysis module inputs damage type and damage degree identification results, makes different dismantling schemes and analyzes the different dismantling schemes by using structural analysis software, outputs all information of structural stress diagrams, analysis color diagrams, bending moment diagrams and internal force to the screening module, and the screening module makes and screens the dismantling schemes according to the analysis results.
5. The carbon reduction optimizing system for inspecting, removing and processing old building components according to claim 1, wherein the processing module comprises a classifying module, a calculating module and a comparing module, the classifying module inputs the damage type and damage degree identification result, different processing modes of different components are output to the calculating module, the calculating module calculates the carbon emission amount of the old building components according to the different processing modes of the different components by using corresponding formulas, the carbon emission amount is output to the comparing module, and the comparing module compares the carbon emission amount according to the different processing modes with the landfill carbon emission amount.
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