CN117871693B - Method and device for exciting zero-order horizontal shear wave in steel rail - Google Patents
Method and device for exciting zero-order horizontal shear wave in steel rail Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a steel rail, which relate to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring and comprise the following steps: acquiring the surface area of the steel rail; respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on symmetrical positions of the surface areas on two sides of the rail web or the upper surfaces of the rail bottoms on one side; exciting the adjacent areas, namely exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves by applying surface tangential acting force to the adjacent areas; based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave, a receiving transducer is used for receiving and processing to obtain a scattered signal after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect act; and carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain a rail state detection result. According to the invention, the non-dispersive zero-order horizontal shear wave of a single component is excited in the web and the rail bottom of the steel rail, so that the problems of multiple modes and dispersion faced by steel rail guided wave detection are effectively solved, and an effective technical support is provided for developing a steel rail long-distance health monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring, in particular to a method and a device for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in steel rails.
Background
Rails are an important component of a railway track and function to guide, carry and transmit the forces of the wheels. With the development of high-speed and heavy-duty railways in China, rail damage caused by initial machining defects and complex service loads has become one of the main factors affecting the running stability and even endangering the running safety. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of railway driving, the steel rail is subjected to full life cycle management, and steel rail detection is indispensable. At present, the damage detection of the steel rail mainly depends on traditional methods such as periodic detection, but the methods have lower sensitivity to rail web and rail bottom defects and cannot meet the increasing safety standard requirements. Recent researches show that the zero-order horizontal shear wave (SH 0 wave) excited in the rail bottom has potential application prospect. The non-dispersive nature of the SH0 wave makes it important in guided wave monitoring, however there is still a challenge to how to excite the SH0 wave in the rail foot and web.
Based on the shortcomings of the prior art, a need exists for a method and apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a method and apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail to ameliorate the above problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method of exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail, comprising:
Acquiring the surface area of the steel rail;
respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on the two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side;
exciting based on the adjacent excitation areas, and exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves by generating surface tangential acting force in the adjacent excitation areas;
Based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave, a receiving transducer is used for receiving and processing to obtain a scattered signal after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect act;
and carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain a rail state detection result.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides an apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail, comprising:
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the surface area of the steel rail;
The selecting module is used for respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on the two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side;
the excitation module is used for performing excitation processing based on the adjacent excitation areas and exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves by generating surface tangential acting force in the adjacent excitation areas;
The receiving module is used for receiving and processing scattered signals after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect act on based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave by using a receiving transducer;
and the detection module is used for carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain a rail state detection result.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the method provided by the invention, the multimode and dispersion bottleneck faced by steel rail guided wave detection is effectively solved by exciting the non-dispersion zero-order horizontal shear waves of a single component in the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail, and by adopting the method provided by the invention, a new excitation device can be formed by utilizing the existing transducer combination, so that the accurate excitation of the rail web and the rail bottom area of the steel rail is realized, the zero-order horizontal shear waves of the single component are generated, an effective technical support is provided for researching and developing a long-distance health monitoring system of the steel rail, and the development of the nondestructive health monitoring field of the steel rail is promoted.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a steel rail according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method of exciting a single-component SH0 wave in the web of a rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method of exciting a single-component SH0 wave in a rail foot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram obtained by finite element simulation using the method shown in FIG. 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram obtained by finite element simulation using the method shown in FIG. 4, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a layout of an SH0 wave excited in the web using a thickness-shear d15 piezoelectric transducer in accordance with the method shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram resulting from excitation using the device of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a layout of an SH0 wave excited in the rail foot using a thickness-shear d15 piezoelectric transducer in accordance with the method shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram resulting from excitation using the device of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement for exciting SH0 waves in the web using a single thickness shear d15 piezoelectric transducer at an excitation frequency below 100 kHz;
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement for exciting SH0 waves in the web of a rail in the manner shown in FIG. 3 using an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer;
FIG. 13 is an experimental result of exciting SH0 waves in the web and detecting crack defects in the manner shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion of a received guided wave signal at different axial load levels of an experimentally measured rail in the manner shown in FIG. 7;
fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the experimentally measured amount of change in relative velocity and compressive stress in the manner shown in fig. 7.
The marks in the figure: 1. an acquisition module; 2. selecting a module; 21. a first selecting unit; 211. a first processing unit; 22. a second selecting unit; 221. a second processing unit; 3. an excitation module; 4. a receiving module; 5. and a detection module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the terms "parallel", "perpendicular", "symmetrical", and the like, as used herein, are not necessarily to be construed as absolute terms, and may be slightly offset.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a steel rail.
Referring to fig. 1, the method is shown to include steps S100, S200, S300, S400, and S500.
S100, acquiring the surface area of the steel rail.
It will be appreciated that this step involves selecting the appropriate location and range to ensure coverage to areas where defects may exist for efficient detection and evaluation.
And S200, respectively selecting adjacent excitation areas on the basis of the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side.
As shown in fig. 3, two first rectangular regions with equal size are selected based on the symmetrical positions of the surface regions on the two sides of the rail web, two adjacent regions on one side are respectively marked as a region a and a region b, two adjacent regions on the opposite side are respectively marked as a region a1 and a region b1, wherein "D" represents the height of the rail web, the region a and the region a1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web, and the region b1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web. The forces generated by the transducer in the four excitation areas are indicated by uniformly distributed arrows. The direction of acting force in the area is parallel to the height direction of the steel rail. The acting force directions in the area a and the area b are opposite, the acting force directions in the area a1 and the area b1 are opposite, the acting force directions in the area a and the area a1 are the same, and the acting force directions in the area b and the area b1 are the same. That is, if the area a force is in the height direction, the area a1 force is in the height direction, and the areas b and b1 force are in the opposite direction of the height direction, or vice versa. It should be noted that the method can be expanded, namely the number of the excitation areas can be increased on the basis of the method, and the acting forces of the adjacent excitation areas are only required to be antiparallel. For example, four excitation regions may be provided that are co-directional with the force of region a, and 4 excitation regions that are co-directional with the force of region b may be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rail web in a "positive-negative-positive-negative" manner. Meanwhile, when the frequency is lower than 100 kHz, the regions b and b1 can be simultaneously absent, and then the unidirectional symmetrical excitation condition is achieved.
Further, the first rectangular region comprises a first width and a first length, the direction of the first width is parallel to the length direction of the steel rail, the first length is parallel to the height direction of the steel rail, and the size of the first width is smaller than or equal to the size of the first length.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, two second rectangular areas of equal size are selected on the top surface of the single side rail foot based on the surface area, with adjacent areas being designated as area c and area d, respectively. The forces generated by the transducer at the various excitation areas are indicated by uniformly distributed arrows.
Further, the direction of the force of the transducer in regions c and d is parallel to the rail bottom surface tangential direction (the direction from the rail bottom edge to the rail web root and perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction), and the direction of the force in regions c and d is opposite. It should be noted that the method can be expanded, namely the number of the excitation areas can be increased on the basis of the method, and the acting forces of the adjacent excitation areas are only required to be antiparallel. For example, four excitation regions may be provided that are co-directional with the force of region c, and 4 excitation regions that are co-directional with the force of region d may be arranged in the lengthwise direction of the rail foot in a "positive-negative-positive-negative" manner.
Further, the second rectangular region includes a second width and a second length, the second width being oriented parallel to the rail length, the second length being oriented along the single-sided rail foot upper surface from the rail foot edge to the rail web root, the second width having a dimension less than or equal to a dimension of the second length.
It should be noted that the transducer arrangement position is critical to the guided wave detection effect. By analyzing the waveform structure of the zero-order horizontal shear wave of the rail bottom, it can be known that the energy of the mode in the selected frequency band is mainly concentrated at the edge parts of the two sides of the rail bottom, and the energy gradually decreases from the edge of the rail bottom to the center of the rail bottom. At half the distance from the rail foot edge to the rail foot center, the energy decays substantially to zero. Because the arrangement mode of the guided wave transducer is matched with the energy distribution characteristic of the specific mode and the property of the waveform structure, the corresponding guided wave mode can be induced in the structure. For this purpose, the invention discloses a method schematic diagram for exciting a single-component SH0 wave in a rail bottom, which is shown in fig. 4, and defines an excitation area of the upper surface of the rail bottom at one side, wherein m represents a second width of a second rectangular area, n represents a second length, and w represents the length of the rail bottom, namely the horizontal distance of the rail bottom. And further to the second length of the second rectangular region of the rail foot: the start point of the second length must be located at the single-sided rail bottom edge position; the projected length of the line between the second length end point and the second length start point on the horizontal plane must be less than or equal to half the distance from the rail bottom edge to the rail bottom center. The specific arrangement mode ensures that the energy distribution of the transducer is matched with the energy distribution of the specific mode of the rail bottom, so that the target guided wave mode is effectively induced, the generation of other modes is restrained, the signal-to-noise ratio of a received signal is greatly improved, and the reliability and the effectiveness of the rail bottom health state monitoring method based on zero-order horizontal shear waves are ensured.
S300, excitation processing is carried out based on the adjacent excitation areas, and zero-order horizontal shear waves are excited by generating surface tangential acting forces in the adjacent excitation areas.
It should be noted that the surface tangential force is generated in the regions a, b, a1 and b1 or the regions c and d by any means including, but not limited to, the use of: piezoelectric ceramic transducers, piezoelectric single crystals, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers, and the like. Further, the operation frequency of the rail web excitation device is set to be in the range of 40 kHz to 200 kHz, and the operation frequency of the rail bottom excitation device is set to be in the range of 50 kHz to 130kHz, so as to avoid the generation of high-order SH waves.
S400, based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave, receiving and processing by using a receiving transducer to obtain a scattered signal after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect act.
It should be noted that, any type of transducer capable of receiving shear guided waves may be used for receiving the zero-order horizontal shear wave (SH 0), including but not limited to thickness shear SH0 wave piezoelectric transducers, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers, and the like. The receiving transducer is arranged in the wave propagation direction. The scattered signal represents the signal reflected by interaction with the defect after the incident wave reaches the defect.
S500, carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain rail state detection results.
It will be appreciated that monitoring of rail health is achieved using SH0 waves excited in the preceding steps. The change of the impedance of the internal wave of the steel rail can influence the propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic wave when the ultrasonic guided wave propagates in the steel rail, so that the state of the steel rail can be evaluated through analysis of the affected degree of the ultrasonic guided wave. Specific identification methods include a transmission method and a pulse echo method. Taking a pulse echo method as an example, different types of defects (such as holes, cracks and the like) can be generated on a rail in service due to various non-environmental factors, the existence of the defects can cause the inconsistency of acoustic impedances, ultrasonic guided waves can reflect at the interface of two different acoustic impedance mediums, and finally, the defect state is quantitatively evaluated according to the acoustic characteristic parameters such as the flight time, the energy size, the phase and the like of the reflected echo, so that whether the rail is in a dangerous state is judged, corresponding treatment or maintenance can be timely performed according to the detection result, and the integrity and the service safety of the rail are ensured.
Example 2:
In this example, finite element simulations were used to demonstrate that a single-component SH0 wave can be excited in the rail web according to the method shown in FIG. 3. According to the loading mode shown in fig. 3, by applying surface loads to the four excitation areas a, a1, b and b1 simultaneously in the direction indicated by the arrows, the surface load signal changes according to the hanning window modulation 5-period sinusoidal signal, and the center frequency is 50 kHz. The rail used was modeled according to the standard CHN60 dimensions, with a model length of 1500 mm, and the tangential in-plane displacements perpendicular to the wave propagation direction were extracted from the excitation sources 400mm and 1200 mm, respectively, with the result shown in fig. 5, where the rail length direction was defined as the x-axis direction, the excitation source was located at the x-axis origin, and x equal to 400mm represents a response point distance of 400mm from the excitation source. From the figures it can be seen that: 1. the response signal at the excitation source 400mm has a distinct wave packet with high signal-to-noise ratio and a peak arrival time of the wave packet of about 190 microseconds; 2. the response signal at the excitation source 1200 mm also has a distinct wave packet, also with a high signal-to-noise ratio, with a peak arrival time of approximately 468 microseconds; 3. calculating the group velocity of the wave packet according to the time difference and the response point interval distance to obtain the condition that the group velocity of the guided wave mode is close to the theoretical shear wave velocity in the steel rail; 4. by analyzing the waveform structure of the rail web section of the steel rail, the characteristic that the shearing direction displacement of the guided wave mode is uniformly distributed along the thickness direction of the rail web can be found, and most of energy is only concentrated on the rail web part. In conclusion, the high signal-to-noise ratio SH0 wave of a single component can be successfully excited in the rail web, and the effectiveness of the excitation method provided by the invention is proved.
Example 3:
In this example, finite element simulations were used to demonstrate that a single-component SH0 wave can be excited in the rail foot according to the method shown in FIG. 4. According to the loading mode shown in fig. 4, by applying surface loads to the c and d excitation areas simultaneously in the direction indicated by the arrows, the surface load signal is changed according to the hanning window modulation 5-period sinusoidal signal, and the center frequency is 80 kHz. The rail used was modeled according to the standard CHN60 dimensions, with a model length of 1500 mm, and the tangential in-plane displacements perpendicular to the wave propagation direction at excitation sources 400mm and 1200 mm were extracted, respectively, with the result that the rail length direction was defined as the x-axis direction, the excitation source was located at the x-axis origin, x equal to 400mm indicating a response point distance of 400mm from the excitation source, as shown in fig. 6. From the figures it can be seen that: 1. the response signal at the excitation source 400mm has a distinct wave packet, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the peak arrival time of the wave packet is about 173 microseconds; 2. the response signal at the excitation source 1200 mm also has a distinct wave packet, also with a high signal-to-noise ratio, with a peak arrival time of about 456 microseconds; 3. calculating the group velocity of the wave packet according to the time difference and the response point interval distance to obtain the condition that the group velocity of the guided wave mode is close to the theoretical shear wave velocity in the steel rail; 4. by analyzing the waveform structure of the cross section of the rail bottom of the steel rail, the characteristic that the shearing direction displacement of the guided wave mode is uniformly distributed along the thickness direction of the rail bottom can be found, and most of energy is only concentrated at the edge of the rail bottom at one side. In conclusion, the high signal-to-noise ratio SH0 wave of a single component can be successfully excited in the rail bottom, and the effectiveness of the excitation method provided by the invention is proved.
Example 4:
In the embodiment, a steel rail guided wave excitation system is experimentally built, and SH0 waves are excited in the rail web by using a thickness shear d15 type piezoelectric transducer according to the method shown in FIG. 3. The piezoelectric wafer used in the experiment was PZT-5H ceramic, and the in-plane dimensions satisfied h=25 mm, l=6 mm. The arrangement of the transducers is shown in fig. 7, where P in fig. 7 represents the polarization direction of the piezoelectric material, v+ represents the positive electrode, and V-represents the negative electrode. The electrodes of the transducer are positioned on the h×l large surface of the piezoelectric ceramic, and a hanning window modulation 5-period sine signal is used as an excitation signal, wherein the frequency of the signal is 50 kHz. Fig. 8 is an SH0 wave signal received by an in-plane shear d24 type sensor from excitation source 650 mm. As can be seen from the figure, the received SH0 wave signal has two main wave packets, the first obvious wave packet is a direct incident wave packet, the incident wave packet reaches the receiving position earlier, the peak arrival time of the incident wave packet is about 296 microseconds, the second obvious wave packet is a wave packet reflected by the incident wave packet when encountering the section of the steel rail (the end part on the other side), the peak arrival time is about 510 microseconds, the propagation speed of the wave packet can be calculated through continuous wavelet change, and the obtained result is close to the theoretical value. Thus, experiments have shown that the SH0 waves of high signal-to-noise ratio are successfully excited in the rail web by the thickness shear piezoelectric transducer according to the method proposed by the present invention.
Example 5:
In the embodiment, a steel rail guided wave excitation system is experimentally built, and SH0 waves are excited in the rail bottom by using a thickness shear d15 type piezoelectric transducer according to the method shown in FIG. 4. The piezoelectric wafer used in the experiment was PZT-5H ceramic, and the in-plane dimensions satisfied n=25 mm, m=6 mm. The arrangement of the transducers is shown in fig. 9, where P in fig. 9 represents the polarization direction of the piezoelectric material, v+ represents the positive electrode, and V-represents the negative electrode. The electrodes of the transducer are positioned on the n×m large surface of the piezoelectric ceramic, and a hanning window modulation 5-period sine signal is used as an excitation signal, wherein the frequency of the signal is 80 kHz. Fig. 10 is an SH0 wave signal received by an in-plane shear d24 type sensor at mm from the excitation source 600. As can be seen from the figure, the received SH0 wave signal has two main wave packets, the first obvious wave packet is a direct incident wave packet, the incident wave packet reaches the receiving position earlier, the peak arrival time of the incident wave packet is about 212 microseconds, the second obvious wave packet is a wave packet reflected by the incident wave packet when encountering the section of the steel rail (the end part on the other side), the peak arrival time is about 478 microseconds, the propagation speed of the wave packet can be calculated through continuous wavelet change, and the obtained result is close to the theoretical value. It can thus be seen from the figure that the SH0 wave with high signal-to-noise ratio is successfully excited in the rail bottom with the thickness shear piezoelectric transducer according to the proposed method of the present invention.
Example 6:
This implementation demonstrates an arrangement for exciting SH0 waves in the web using a single thickness shear d15 piezoelectric transducer at excitation frequencies below 100 kHz, as shown in fig. 11.
Example 7:
This embodiment shows an arrangement for exciting SH0 waves in the rail web using an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, as shown in fig. 12.
Example 8:
This example shows the experimental results of the SH0 wave excitation in the web and the detection of web cracking defects in the manner of example 4. Firstly, an excitation source is positioned at the end of a rail web, a transverse crack with the length of 20 mm and the width of 1mm is prefabricated at the position of the rail web distance excitation end 700 mm, a receiving sensor is arranged at the position of the rail web distance excitation end 400 mm, a received guided wave signal is shown in fig. 13, an incident SH0 wave packet and a crack reflection SH0 wave packet can be clearly distinguished from the received guided wave signal, and the excited SH0 wave can clearly identify the rail web crack and has high signal-to-noise ratio and can be applied to the integrity monitoring of the steel rail.
Example 9:
This example demonstrates the results of exciting an SH0 wave in the web in the manner of example 4 and measuring its change in wave velocity at different axial pressures, as shown in fig. 14 and 15. According to the principle of acoustic elasticity, the change of load can cause the change of the wave velocity of elastic waves, so that inversion and measurement of axial stress can be realized by the change of the wave velocity of SH0 waves according to the principle. Specifically, a section of complete steel rail is placed on a compression tester, loads are applied step by step from 0 MPa to 60 MPa, incremental steps are set to 10 MPa, the load level of each stage is kept at 120 s, guided wave signals are collected during the period, an excitation sensor and a receiving sensor are both positioned on the same horizontal line of the rail web, and an adhesive is used for fixing a piezoelectric ceramic transducer on the rail web so as to ensure that the position of the sensor is kept unchanged all the time in the compression process. The experimental results are shown in FIG. 14. Fig. 14 is a partial enlarged view of guided wave signals received at different load levels, and due to the acoustic elastic effect, as the compressive stress increases gradually from 0 MPa to 60 MPa, the wave speed increases, which is reflected in the time domain, that is, the signal arrives at the receiving position earlier as the pressure increases, that is, the SH0 wave waveform under different loads translates to the left in turn on the time axis, which indicates that the propagation speed is faster and faster. In order to further quantitatively reflect the variation relation between the wave velocity and the applied compressive stress, a relation curve between the variation of the relative velocity and the compressive stress is plotted in fig. 15, the variation of the relative velocity is calculated by the ratio of the difference dV between the wave velocity V and the wave velocity V' at a certain load level in the absence of stress to the initial velocity V, the graph proves that the wave velocity of SH0 linearly varies with the load, and the higher the pressure, the faster the wave velocity, by virtue of the linear relation, the stress level of the steel rail in the current state can be inverted by measuring the wave velocity of SH0 wave in the rail web after the calibration of the wave velocity in actual engineering, so as to avoid accidents caused by the fact that the steel rail is subjected to excessive compressive or tensile stress. Therefore, the web SH0 wave can be used for monitoring the axial thermal stress of the steel rail.
Example 10:
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail, the apparatus comprising:
An acquisition module 1 for acquiring a surface area of a rail;
the selecting module 2 is used for respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on the two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side;
An excitation module 3 for performing excitation processing based on the adjacent excitation regions, and exciting non-dispersive horizontal shear waves by generating surface tangential acting forces in the adjacent excitation regions;
The receiving module 4 is used for receiving and processing scattered signals after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect action based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave by using a receiving transducer;
And the detection module 5 is used for carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain a rail state detection result.
In one embodiment of the present application, the selecting module 2 includes:
The first selecting unit 21 selects two first rectangular areas based on symmetrical positions of the surface areas on two sides of the rail web, wherein all the first rectangular areas are equal in size, one side of the two first rectangular areas is marked as an area a and an area b, and two symmetrical adjacent first rectangular areas are marked as an area a1 and an area b1, respectively, wherein the area a and the area a1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web, and the area b1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web.
In one embodiment of the present application, the first selecting unit 21 includes:
The first processing unit 211 generates surface tangential forces in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 by using transducers, wherein the directions of the forces in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 are parallel to the height direction of the steel rail, the directions of the forces in the area a and the area b are opposite, the directions of the forces in the area a1 and the area b1 are opposite, the directions of the forces in the area a and the area a1 are the same, and the directions of the forces in the area b and the area b1 are the same.
In one embodiment of the present application, the selecting module 2 further includes:
The second selecting unit 22 selects two second rectangular areas on the upper surface of the single-sided rail base based on the surface area, the two second rectangular areas are equal in size, and the two second rectangular areas are denoted as an area c and an area d respectively.
In one embodiment of the present application, the second selecting unit 22 includes:
The second processing unit 221 uses transducers to generate surface tangential forces in regions c and d, where the direction of forces in regions c and d are parallel to each other tangential to the rail foot surface, and the direction of forces in regions c and d are opposite, where the rail foot surface tangential direction refers to a direction from the rail foot edge to the rail web root and perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail comprising:
Acquiring the surface area of the steel rail;
respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on the two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side;
exciting treatment is carried out based on the adjacent exciting areas, and zero-order horizontal shear waves are excited by generating surface tangential acting force in the adjacent exciting areas, wherein the working frequency of the rail web exciting device is set to be in the range of 40kHz to 200kHz, and the working frequency of the rail foot exciting device is set to be in the range of 50kHz to 130 kHz;
Based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave, a receiving transducer is used for receiving and processing to obtain a scattering signal after the zero-order horizontal shear wave acts on the rail defect;
carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain rail state detection results;
wherein, based on the surface area and selecting the adjacent area respectively at the symmetrical position of the rail web two sides or the upper surface of the single side rail bottom, the method comprises the following steps:
two first rectangular areas are respectively selected based on symmetrical positions of the surface areas on two sides of the rail web, wherein all the first rectangular areas are equal in size, one side of each of the two first rectangular areas is marked as an area a and an area b, two adjacent first rectangular areas in symmetrical positions are respectively marked as an area a1 and an area b1, the area a and the area a1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web, and the area b1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web;
Wherein excitation processing is performed based on the adjacent excitation areas, and zero-order horizontal shear waves are excited by generating surface tangential acting forces in the adjacent excitation areas, comprising:
generating surface tangential acting forces in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 by using transducers, wherein the acting forces in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 are parallel to the height direction of the steel rail, the acting forces in the area a and the area b are opposite, the acting forces in the area a1 and the area b1 are opposite, the acting forces in the area a and the area a1 are the same, and the acting forces in the area b and the area b1 are the same.
2. A method of exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail according to claim 1, wherein selecting adjacent regions on the single-sided rail bottom upper surface based on said surface regions, respectively, comprises:
and selecting two second rectangular areas on the upper surface of the single-side rail bottom based on the surface area, wherein the two second rectangular areas are equal in size, and the two second rectangular areas are respectively an area c and an area d.
3. A method of exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail according to claim 2, wherein the exciting process based on the adjacent excitation regions excites zero-order horizontal shear waves by generating surface tangential forces in the adjacent excitation regions, comprising:
Generating surface tangential forces in said region c and said region d using transducers, wherein the direction of the forces in said region c and said region d are both parallel to each other tangentially to the rail foot surface, which is opposite to the direction of the forces in said region c and said region d, wherein the rail foot surface tangential direction represents a direction directed from the rail foot edge to the rail web root and perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction;
Wherein the second length of the second rectangular region of the rail foot is limited as follows: the start point of the second length must be located at the single-sided rail bottom edge position; the projected length of the line between the second length end point and the second length start point on the horizontal plane must be less than or equal to half the distance from the rail bottom edge to the rail bottom center.
4. An apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a rail comprising:
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the surface area of the steel rail;
The selecting module is used for respectively selecting and obtaining adjacent excitation areas based on the symmetrical positions of the surface areas on the two sides of the rail web or the upper surface of the rail bottom on one side;
the excitation module is used for performing excitation treatment based on the adjacent excitation areas, and exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves through surface tangential acting force generated in the adjacent excitation areas, wherein the working frequency of the rail web excitation device is set to be in the range of 40kHz to 200kHz, and the working frequency of the rail foot excitation device is set to be in the range of 50kHz to 130 kHz;
The receiving module is used for receiving and processing scattered signals after the zero-order horizontal shear wave and the rail defect act on based on the excited zero-order horizontal shear wave by using a receiving transducer;
The detection module is used for carrying out rail defect detection analysis according to the received scattering signals to obtain a rail state detection result;
wherein, the selecting module includes:
The first selecting unit is used for selecting two first rectangular areas on the basis of symmetrical positions of the surface areas on two sides of the rail web respectively, wherein all the first rectangular areas are equal in size, one side of the two first rectangular areas is marked as an area a and an area b, and two symmetrical adjacent first rectangular areas are respectively marked as an area a1 and an area b1, wherein the area a and the area a1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web, and the area b1 are symmetrical about the center of the rail web;
Wherein the first selecting unit includes:
The first processing unit is used for generating surface tangential acting forces in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 by using transducers, wherein the acting force directions in the area a, the area b, the area a1 and the area b1 are parallel to the height direction of the steel rail, the acting force directions in the area a and the area b are opposite, the acting force directions in the area a1 and the area b1 are opposite, the acting force directions in the area a and the area a1 are the same, and the acting force directions in the area b and the area b1 are the same.
5. The apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a steel rail as recited in claim 4, wherein the selection module comprises:
And the second selecting unit is used for selecting two second rectangular areas on the upper surface of the single-side rail bottom based on the surface area, wherein the two second rectangular areas are equal in size, and the two second rectangular areas are respectively an area c and an area d.
6. The apparatus for exciting zero-order horizontal shear waves in a steel rail according to claim 5, wherein said second selection unit comprises:
A second processing unit for generating surface tangential forces in said region c and said region d using transducers, wherein the direction of the forces in said region c and said region d are each parallel to the rail foot surface tangential direction, which is opposite to the direction of the forces in said region c and said region d, wherein the rail foot surface tangential direction represents the direction from the rail foot edge to the rail web root and perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction;
Wherein the second length of the second rectangular region of the rail foot is limited as follows: the start point of the second length must be located at the single-sided rail bottom edge position; the projected length of the line between the second length end point and the second length start point on the horizontal plane must be less than or equal to half the distance from the rail bottom edge to the rail bottom center.
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