CN117871189A - Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms - Google Patents

Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117871189A
CN117871189A CN202311648429.7A CN202311648429A CN117871189A CN 117871189 A CN117871189 A CN 117871189A CN 202311648429 A CN202311648429 A CN 202311648429A CN 117871189 A CN117871189 A CN 117871189A
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China
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iodine
pipe
air
air inlet
pipeline
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CN202311648429.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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刘伟富
赵宇伦
廖海涛
程卫亚
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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Priority to CN202311648429.7A priority Critical patent/CN117871189A/en
Publication of CN117871189A publication Critical patent/CN117871189A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a closed sampling system and a method for iodine with different air-borne radioactivity forms, comprising an air inlet pipe which can extend into the center of a pipeline and an air outlet pipe which is used for exhausting air near the pipeline wall, wherein the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend into the pipeline through the same opening on the pipeline wall, the air inlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of an iodine multistage sampler through an air inlet valve, the air outlet end of the iodine multistage sampler is connected with the air outlet pipe through an air outlet valve, and an air pump which is used for providing power for sampling is arranged on a system pipeline. The sampling system is closed in gas, is not discharged, avoids radioactive pollution of surrounding environment, and reduces radiation dose of test operators. The iodine classification sampler adopts a filtering membrane and different adsorption materials to separate and sample iodine with different chemical forms, provides data for the correction of the subsequent iodine release amount, and improves the accuracy of iodine release amount estimation.

Description

Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radioactive element sampling and measuring technology, in particular to a closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms.
Background
The radioactive iodine in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants is a fission product of the reactor, which is typically contained in a fuel containment, with a minimum amount of leakage to the outside. However, when the fuel clad breaks, it "gap releases" through the broken crack, and the amount of coolant entering the primary circuit increases significantly. This carrier diffuses into the relevant systems and equipment by means of the coolant. It is therefore necessary to know the amount of iodine released to develop radioprotection.
The radioactive iodine generated by the nuclear power station mainly exists in two forms of aerosol and gaseous iodine, wherein the aerosol iodine mainly exists in the form of CsI (aerosol particles), and the gaseous radioactive iodine mainly comprises elemental iodine, inorganic iodine HOI and organic iodine CH 3 I. The radioactive iodine in different forms has different deposition rules in the sampling pipeline, and the deposition speed of the element iodine in the stainless steel pipeline is obviously higher than that of the organic iodine and the inorganic iodine. It is therefore important to determine the fraction of iodine in the sample object (source) that is of different chemical morphology and to count the actual amount of iodine released. If the gas is mainly composed of organic iodine and inorganic iodine, the loss rate of iodine in the gas carrying effluent pipeline system is smaller; if elemental iodine is the dominant source, the loss of iodine in the air-borne effluent piping system can be significant. The radioactive iodine sampling system of each part of the current nuclear power plant generally adopts an impregnated active carbon iodine box to collect total iodine, and does not distinguish the chemical form of the iodine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problem that the existing gas-borne radioactive iodine sampling device of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant cannot distinguish different forms of iodine, and provides a sampling system and a sampling method for collecting gas-borne radioactive iodine samples in different forms of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a closed sampling system of different forms of airborne radioactivity iodine, includes the intake pipe that can stretch into pipeline central authorities and near the pipe wall exhaust outlet duct, and in intake pipe and outlet duct stretched into the pipeline through same trompil on the pipe wall, the intake pipe passes through the inlet valve and connects the inlet end of iodine multistage sampler, the outlet end of iodine multistage sampler passes through the outlet valve and connects the outlet duct is equipped with the air pump that provides power for the sample on the system's pipeline.
Further, in the closed sampling system for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms, the pipe walls of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are tightly fixed together, the rear ends of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are separated, the front end of the air inlet pipe is relatively longer, the air inlet can be positioned at the central position of the pipe, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned near the pipe walls.
Further, the closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms as described above, wherein the iodine multistage sampler comprises a filtering membrane positioned near the air inlet end, and a plurality of iodine boxes are arranged at the downstream of the filtering membrane.
Further, the closed sampling system for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms is characterized in that the iodine boxes are respectively provided with different adsorption materials, and the iodine boxes are sequentially used for collecting elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine and collecting iodine in sample tail gas.
Further, the device comprises four iodine boxes, and the four iodine boxes sequentially contain adsorption materials of cadmium iodide impregnated diatomite, iodized phenol impregnated diatomite, 20-40 mesh silver molecular sieve and impregnated activated carbon.
Further, the closed sampling system for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms is provided, wherein a gas flowmeter is further arranged on a system pipeline.
Further, the closed sampling system for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms is disclosed, wherein the air pump and the air flowmeter are respectively connected with the control device, and the control device adjusts the sampling flow, sets the sampling mode and the running state of the air pump.
Further, the closed sampling system for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms is disclosed, wherein the air pump is a rotary vane vacuum pump.
A closed sampling method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms by adopting the system comprises the following steps:
the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend into the pipeline through the same opening on the pipeline wall, the air inlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned at the center of the pipeline and used for collecting sample gas, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned near the pipeline wall and used for discharging tail gas;
opening an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and pumping sample gas into a sampling system through an air pump;
the method comprises the steps that sample gas enters an air inlet end of an iodine multistage sampler, iodine in sample aerosol is collected by a filter membrane positioned near the air inlet end, elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine are sequentially collected by a plurality of iodine boxes at the downstream of the filter membrane, and iodine in sample tail gas is collected;
tail gas discharged from the gas outlet end of the iodine multi-stage sampler returns to the pipeline through the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipe.
Further, the closed sampling method of the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms as described above, wherein the sampling modes comprise two kinds of continuous sampling and timing sampling respectively.
Further, according to the closed sampling method for the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms, the flow rate of the sample gas is displayed through the gas flowmeter arranged on the system pipeline and is transmitted to the control device, and the control device controls and adjusts the sampling flow rate, the sampling mode and the operation state of the air pump.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts the sampling nozzle (composed of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe) to carry out single-hole sampling, and can carry out site sampling under the extreme condition of the nuclear power plant. The whole sampling system is closed in gas, is not discharged, avoids radioactive pollution of surrounding environment, and reduces radiation dose of test operators. The iodine classifying sampler adopts filtering membrane and different adsorbing materials to separate and sample iodine in different chemical forms, so as to measure the concentration of iodine in different forms and estimate the share. Data is provided for the subsequent correction of the iodine release amount, and the accuracy of iodine release amount estimation is improved. The invention can also be popularized and applied to other nuclear facilities.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine of different forms in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sampling nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a sampling nozzle, an air inlet valve, an air outlet valve, a filtering membrane, an iodine box, an iodine multistage sampler, an air flowmeter, an air pump and a control device are respectively arranged in the figure, wherein the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the air inlet valve are respectively arranged in the figure, the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged in the figure, the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the air inlet valve are respectively arranged in the figure, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe respectively in the figure, the air inlet pipe respectively arranged in the figure and the figure, the air inlet pipe respectively in the figure, the air inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe respectively in.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a closed sampling system for iodine with different airborne radioactivity forms, which has a system structure shown in figure 1 and comprises a sampling nozzle 3, an air inlet valve 4-1, an iodine multi-stage sampler 7, a gas flowmeter 8, an air pump 9, an air outlet valve 4-2, a control device 10, a connecting pipe and the like. The iodine-containing gas firstly enters the sampling nozzle 3, the sampling nozzle 3 is designed into a leather-tupe sample, the sampling nozzle is made of stainless steel, the structure is shown in figure 2, the sampling nozzle comprises an air inlet pipe 1 and an air outlet pipe 2, the pipe walls of the air inlet pipe 1 and the air outlet pipe 2 are tightly welded together, the rear ends of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are separated, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively connected with an air inlet valve 4-1 and an air outlet valve 4-2. In order to avoid mixing of gas inlet and gas outlet, the gas inlet of the gas inlet pipe 1 and the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipe 2 are designed in a staggered mode, that is, the gas inlet pipe 1 is designed into a longer pipe and can extend into the center of the pipeline to collect gas, the gas outlet pipe 2 is relatively short, gas is exhausted near the pipe wall of the pipeline, a sampling nozzle is inserted into the pipeline through an opening in the pipeline, and the design of the gas inlet pipe and the gas outlet pipe can realize single-hole sampling of the pipeline.
The sample gas then enters an iodine grading sampler 7, and the iodine grading sampler 7 consists of an air inlet end interface, a high-efficiency sampling unit (a filtering membrane and the like), a supporting net, an air outlet port, a fastening piece, a sealing ring and other accessories. The iodine classifying sampler 7 adopts a multistage series connection mode, and is provided with 5 cup boxes in total, thus forming a cylindrical sampler. The sampler is internally provided with a filtering membrane 5 and 4 iodine boxes 6, the filtering membrane 5 is positioned near the air inlet end, a plurality of iodine boxes are arranged at the downstream of the filtering membrane, and sample gas sequentially passes through the filtering membrane and each iodine box. Because different adsorption materials are respectively arranged in different iodine boxes, the separation of particle iodine, elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine and the collection of tail gas can be realized. The gas sampling flow is shown by a gas flow meter 8 (which may be a rotameter in particular). The air pump 9 is a power device of the whole system, can use a rotary vane vacuum pump, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, low noise and stable flow. The control device 10 adjusts the sampling flow rate, sets the sampling mode, and the operating state of the air pump. The components of the sampling system are connected by connecting pipes.
Examples
The embodiment provides a closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station, which can be popularized and applied to other nuclear facilities. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the device comprises a sampling nozzle 3, an air inlet valve 4-1, an air outlet valve 4-2, an iodine multi-stage sampler 7, a gas flowmeter 8, a gas pump 9 and a control device 10 which are connected in sequence. The sampling nozzle 3 comprises an air inlet pipe 1 and an air outlet pipe 2, the pipe walls of the air inlet pipe 1 and the air outlet pipe 2 are tightly fixed together, the rear ends of the air inlet pipe 1 and the air outlet pipe 2 are separately connected with an air inlet valve 4-1 and an air outlet valve 4-2 respectively, the sampling nozzle 3 is inserted into a pipeline through an opening on an exhaust pipeline of a nuclear power station, and the opening is sealed. The front end of the air inlet pipe 1 is relatively longer, so that the air inlet can be positioned at the central position of an exhaust pipeline of the nuclear power station, the air outlet pipe is relatively shorter, and the air outlet is positioned near the pipe wall of the pipeline. The iodine multi-stage sampler 7 is internally provided with a filtering membrane 5 and a plurality of iodine boxes 6, the filtering membrane 5 near the air inlet end is used for collecting iodine in aerosol in sample gas, for example, a glass fiber filtering membrane or other types of filtering membranes can be adopted, the four iodine boxes 6 at the downstream are respectively provided with different adsorption materials, and sequentially collect elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine, and collect iodine in sample tail gas. In this example, the four iodine boxes sequentially contained adsorption materials are impregnated diatomaceous earth of cadmium iodide, impregnated diatomaceous earth of iodinated phenol, silver molecular sieve (20-40 mesh), and impregnated activated carbon. The method comprises the steps of collecting element iodine by using cadmium iodide impregnated diatomite, collecting inorganic iodine by using iodized phenol impregnated diatomite, collecting organic iodine by using a silver molecular sieve (20-40 meshes), and collecting iodine in sample tail gas by using impregnated activated carbon.
The closed sampling method of the airborne radioactive iodine with different forms by adopting the system comprises the following steps:
the sampling nozzle 3 stretches into the pipeline through the same opening on the nuclear power station exhaust pipeline pipe wall, and the air inlet of the air inlet pipe 1 is located pipeline central point and is used for gathering sample gas, and the gas outlet of the outlet pipe 2 is located near the pipe wall.
In the sampling process, sample gas is pumped into the whole sampling system through the air pump 9, the sample gas in the pipeline firstly enters the air inlet pipe 1 of the sampling nozzle 3, the air inlet valve 4-1 and the air outlet valve 4-2 control the direction of air flow, and the leakage of the gas in the installation/overhaul process is prevented. The air inlet valve 4-1 and the air outlet valve 4-2 are simultaneously opened, and sample gas enters the iodine multi-stage sampler 7. The iodine multi-stage sampler 7 is internally provided with a filtering membrane 5 and four iodine boxes 6, the filtering membrane 5 at the front end collects iodine in aerosol, the four iodine boxes 6 at the rear end collect elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine in sequence, and iodine in sample tail gas is collected. The sampling flow is displayed by the rotameter 8, and the highest sampling flow of the system can reach 45L/min. The sampling flow, sampling mode and control pump operating conditions are regulated by the control device 10. The sampling modes of the sampling system are divided into two types, namely continuous sampling and timing sampling. The continuous sampling is to continuously operate the air pump after opening the air pump and the air inlet and outlet valve, and continuously sample the air in the pipeline. The timing sampling is to control the sampling time, open the air pump to pump the sample gas at intervals, then close the air pump to stop sampling, and circulate in turn. After iodine in the sample gas is collected, tail gas returns to the nuclear power station exhaust pipeline through the exhaust port of the sampling nozzle 3. The gas is not discharged during the whole sampling process.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. Thus, if such modifications and application adaptations to the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and application adaptations as well.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms or with other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the purview and scope of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (12)

1. The utility model provides a closed sampling system of different forms of iodine of airborne radioactivity, its characterized in that, including can stretch into pipeline central authorities' intake pipe (1) and near the exhaust outlet duct (2) of pipe wall, in intake pipe (1) and outlet duct (2) stretch into the pipeline through same trompil on the pipe wall, the intake pipe is through the inlet end of inlet valve (4-1) connection iodine multistage sampler (7), the outlet end of iodine multistage sampler (7) is through outlet valve (4-2) connection outlet duct (2), be equipped with on the system pipeline for the sampling provides air pump (9) of power.
2. The closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms according to claim 1, wherein the pipe walls of the air inlet pipe (1) and the air outlet pipe (2) are tightly fixed together, the rear ends are separated, the front end of the air inlet pipe (1) is relatively longer, the air inlet can be positioned at the central position of the pipe, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe (2) is positioned near the pipe walls.
3. Closed sampling system for iodine of different forms of airborne radioactivity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the iodine multistage sampler (7) comprises a filter membrane (5) located near the air inlet end, downstream of which filter membrane (5) a plurality of iodine boxes (6) are provided.
4. A closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine of different forms according to claim 3, wherein the iodine boxes (6) are respectively filled with different adsorption materials, and the iodine boxes are sequentially used for collecting elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine, and collecting iodine in the tail gas of the sample.
5. The closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms according to claim 4, wherein the closed sampling system comprises four iodine boxes, and the adsorption materials sequentially contained in the four iodine boxes are cadmium iodide impregnated diatomite, iodized phenol impregnated diatomite, 20-40 mesh silver molecular sieve and impregnated activated carbon.
6. Closed sampling system for iodine with different airborne radioactivity forms according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas flowmeter (8) is also provided on the system line.
7. The closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine of different forms according to claim 6, characterized in that the air pump (9) and the air flow meter (8) are respectively connected with a control device (10), and the control device (10) adjusts the sampling flow, sets the sampling mode and the operation state of the air pump.
8. Closed sampling system for iodine with different forms of radioactivity on board according to claim 1, characterized in that the air pump (9) is a rotary-vane vacuum pump.
9. The closed sampling system for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet pipe (1) and the air outlet pipe (2) are made of stainless steel.
10. A closed sampling method of airborne radioactive iodine of different forms employing the system of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend into the pipeline through the same opening on the pipeline wall, the air inlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned at the center of the pipeline and used for collecting sample gas, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned near the pipeline wall and used for discharging tail gas;
opening an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and pumping sample gas into a sampling system through an air pump;
the method comprises the steps that sample gas enters an air inlet end of an iodine multistage sampler, iodine in sample aerosol is collected by a filter membrane positioned near the air inlet end, elemental iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine are sequentially collected by a plurality of iodine boxes at the downstream of the filter membrane, and iodine in sample tail gas is collected;
tail gas discharged from the gas outlet end of the iodine multi-stage sampler returns to the pipeline through the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipe.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sampling pattern comprises two types, sequential and timed.
12. The closed sampling method for iodine having different configurations according to claim 11, wherein the flow rate of the sample gas is displayed by a gas flow meter provided in the system pipe and is transmitted to a control device, and the control device controls and adjusts the sampling flow rate, the sampling mode and the operation state of the gas pump.
CN202311648429.7A 2023-12-04 2023-12-04 Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms Pending CN117871189A (en)

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CN202311648429.7A CN117871189A (en) 2023-12-04 2023-12-04 Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311648429.7A CN117871189A (en) 2023-12-04 2023-12-04 Closed sampling system and method for airborne radioactive iodine with different forms

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN117871189A true CN117871189A (en) 2024-04-12

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