CN117862387A - Forging method of thin plate type titanium alloy forging - Google Patents
Forging method of thin plate type titanium alloy forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN117862387A CN117862387A CN202311763505.9A CN202311763505A CN117862387A CN 117862387 A CN117862387 A CN 117862387A CN 202311763505 A CN202311763505 A CN 202311763505A CN 117862387 A CN117862387 A CN 117862387A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and particularly relates to a thin plate titanium alloy forging method. The method comprises the following steps: blanking; placing the heated bar stock on an anvil for forging, and forging the bar stock to a cuboid; then, one end of the rough shape is pulled out unilaterally along the length direction, so that the width of the pulled out part is reduced along one side, and the metal of the pulled out part is used for forming a forging web; after the forging is carried out to the design size of the first intermediate blank, the blank is returned to the furnace for heating; vertically placing the elongated end of the first intermediate blank in a heated tire model groove, and performing local upsetting on the non-elongated end of the first intermediate blank to obtain a second intermediate blank; reserving a certain length of the non-upsetting part of the second intermediate blank as a transition step between the upsetting part and the later drawing part, and drawing the remaining non-upsetting part along the length direction to obtain a pierced blank; pre-forging the rough shape to obtain a pre-forged piece; and performing final forging on the pre-forging piece to obtain the forging piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and particularly relates to a thin plate titanium alloy forging method.
Background
Certain type of aircraft joint forging piece is made of titanium alloy, and projection area of forging piece is 0.6m 2 The forging is of a beam frame structure with high ribs and is provided with high ribs and a thin web, the high ribs of the forging penetrate through the width of the forging, the length of the high ribs is about 730mm, the height of the ribs is 424mm, the width of the ribs is 75mm, the width of the web of the forging is about 490mm, the high ribs of the forging extend out of the forging body 280mm along the width direction of the forging, an independent boss is formed, the difference between the maximum section size and the minimum section size of the forging is large, and the ratio of the cross sections reaches 11:1, height-width ratio of rib 6:1, the forging structure is complex.
Because the forging structure is complicated, the forging molding difficulty is high. In order to ensure the forging forming, the weight of raw materials at the protruding position of the high rib is required to be greatly increased, and the forging firing time is increased, so that the utilization rate of forging materials is low. Meanwhile, the forging high-strength rib is often folded in the area extending out of the web plate of the forging, so that the forging is scrapped. And the titanium alloy forging piece is sensitive to deformation per fire. Therefore, the forgings are often scrapped due to filling problems or macrostructure problems, the production cost of the forgings is high, the production period is long, and the qualification rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that:
the qualification rate of the forging is guaranteed, the problem that the high-rib part of the forging is not fully filled is solved, the problem that the forging is scrapped due to the fact that the forging is fully filled is solved, raw material consumption is reduced on the basis, die forging heat is reduced simultaneously, and production efficiency of the forging is improved. Meanwhile, the problem of improving the uniformity of forging deformation of the forging is solved, so that the qualification rate is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a thin plate titanium alloy forging method, which comprises the following steps:
blanking;
placing the heated bar stock on an anvil for forging, and forging the bar stock to a cuboid; then, one end of the rough shape is pulled out unilaterally along the length direction, so that the width of the pulled out part is reduced along one side, and the metal of the pulled out part is used for forming a forging web; after the forging is carried out to the design size of the first intermediate blank, the blank is returned to the furnace for heating;
vertically placing the elongated end of the first intermediate blank in a heated tire model groove, and performing local upsetting on the non-elongated end of the first intermediate blank to obtain a second intermediate blank;
reserving a certain length of the non-upsetting part of the second intermediate blank as a transition step between the upsetting part and the later drawing part, and drawing the remaining non-upsetting part along the length direction to obtain a pierced blank; the barren section comprises an extension section, a transition step and a moulding bed forming section; the molding section of the tire mold comprises a low-thickness boss and a high-thickness part which are outwards protruded; the transition step length is about 0.4 times the non-upset portion,
pre-forging the rough shape to obtain a pre-forged piece; the drawing section is used for forming a web plate of the pre-forging and inclined ribs on the web plate, the transition step is used for forming a step, a step and high rib transition part and residual inclined ribs on the pre-forging, the part of the forming section of the forming die, which is longer than the boss, is used for forming an arc boss of the pre-forging, and the residual part of the forming section of the forming die is used for forming the high ribs;
and performing final forging on the pre-forging piece to obtain the forging piece.
Further, vertically placing the elongated end of the first intermediate billet in the heated tire mold groove, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of enabling a first intermediate blank drawing end to be in contact with a tire mold surface X11, upsetting the whole end face of a first intermediate blank non-drawing end, and filling the first intermediate blank non-drawing end along a tire mold cavity, wherein the tire mold surface X121 is full of a molded high-thickness part, the tire mold surface X122 is not full, upsetting part of the end face again, enabling metal to flow in the width direction and the length direction, enabling the tire mold surface X122 to be full of a molded low-thickness boss, and enabling part of the end face to be the end face of the metal located in the tire mold surface X122.
Further, the shape of the moulding bed is divided into a lower clamping section and an upper working section, and the upper end surface of the upper working section is provided with a first-stage step; the cavity of the moulding bed comprises a long flat cavity X11, a small square cavity X122 and a large square cavity X121 for forming the drawing section; the large square cavity is positioned above the long flat cavity, the position of the large square cavity is biased to one side, the small square cavity is a space extending from the large square cavity to the other side, and the small square cavity and the large square cavity are divided by steps.
Further, the length dimension N2 of the X11 section is 1.2 times of the average value of the dimension W2 of the designed barren-shaped small end, and the width dimension M2 of the X11 section is 1.8-2 times of the dimension H2 of the designed barren-shaped small end; x122 and X121 are identical in size to the head of the design blank.
Further, the side face of the X11 is a conical surface, and the included angle between the conical surface and the central axis of the conical surface is 1 degree; the height of the die cavity X11 is 0.6 times of the height of the designed rough shape; the width of the clamping section of the moulding bed is 0.65 times the width of the head of the moulding bed.
Further, the height H of the low-thickness boss is 1.15 times of the height of the high rib of the forging piece; the width is 1.4 times of the width of the high rib of the forging piece.
Furthermore, the profile of the pre-forging piece is 5-8 mm smaller than the single side of the final forging profile, the demolding gradient pre-forging of the side surface of the high rib of the forging piece is 3 degrees larger than that of the final forging, the top surface of the high rib of the pre-forging piece is an arc surface, and the thickness of the pre-forging piece is 1.0-1.3 times that of the final forging piece.
Further, the pre-forging die cavity is 1.006 times of the pre-forging outline.
The beneficial effects are that: the forging piece obtained by the method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the forging piece material is greatly improved, the qualification rate of the forging piece is high, the quality of the forging piece is stable, the production period is short, and the cost is low. The die, the pre-forging die and the final-forging die are all made of hot die steel. The invention has the beneficial effects that the special forming die and the special pre-forging die are used, the problem that the high-rib position of the forging is not full is solved, the qualification rate of the forging is improved, the problem of scrapping the forging caused by meat deficiency or clamping injury is avoided, the qualification rate and the product stability of the forging are improved, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of raw materials of the forging is improved, and the production period of the forging is shortened, so that the production efficiency of the forging is improved, and the production cost of the forging is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the forging structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a tire mold of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a top view of the tire mold of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a side view of the pierced shape of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a front view of the barren shape of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a pre-forging of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a forging method of a thin plate titanium alloy, wherein the forging structure is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
blanking;
heating to forging temperature in a heating furnace, and heating the moulding bed simultaneously;
placing the heated bar stock on an anvil for forging, and forging the bar stock into a cuboid, wherein the length direction of the bar stock is unchanged in the length direction of the blank in the process; then, one end of the blank is pulled out unilaterally along the length direction, so that the width of the pulled out part is reduced along one side, and the metal of the pulled out part is used for forming a forging web; after the forging to the design size of the first intermediate blank, the blank is returned to the furnace for heating.
And vertically placing the drawn end of the first intermediate blank into a heated forming groove of a forming die (fig. 2a and 2 b), and carrying out local upsetting on the un-drawn end of the first intermediate blank to obtain a second intermediate blank. In the process, the drawn end of the first intermediate blank is contacted with the tire mold surface X11, the whole end face of the non-drawn end of the first intermediate blank is upset, the non-drawn end of the first intermediate blank is filled along the tire mold cavity, the tire mold surface X121 is full, the tire mold surface X122 is not full, part of the end face is upset again, metal flows in the width direction and the length direction, the tire mold surface X122 is full, an outwards protruding boss is formed, and part of the end face is the end face of the metal positioned in the tire mold surface X122;
and reserving a certain length of the non-upsetting part of the second intermediate blank as a transition step between the upsetting part and the later-drawing part, wherein the length of the transition step is about 0.4 times of that of the non-upsetting part, and drawing the rest non-upsetting part along the length direction to obtain the pierced blank.
Heating the rough shape, and simultaneously heating a pre-forging die and a final forging die:
placing the heated rough shape into a heated pre-forging die cavity for pre-forging a first fire, and stopping forging when the vertical distance between the lower die and the upper die is 12 mm; and then removing burrs and cleaning the surface. The second fire is then pre-swaged and pressed down until the mold closes. The pre-forging (fig. 4) was then air cooled to room temperature for deflashing and surface cleaning. The barren section comprises an extension section, a transition step and a moulding bed forming section; the drawing section is used for forming a web plate of the pre-forging and inclined ribs on the web plate, the transition step is used for forming a step, a step and high rib transition part and residual inclined ribs on the pre-forging, the part of the forming section of the forming die, which is longer than the boss, is used for forming an arc boss of the pre-forging, and the residual part of the forming section of the forming die is used for forming the high ribs.
Further, the method further comprises:
and heating the pre-forging, placing the heated pre-forging into a heated final forging die cavity for final forging die forging, pressing down to the required size of the drawing, and then performing air cooling.
Removing burrs and cleaning the surface of the forging piece cooled to room temperature by air;
and heat treating the forging.
Further, the middle of the moulding bed is provided with a groove surface X12 and a groove surface X11; the groove surface X11 is a through groove with a rectangular section; the length dimension N2 of the section of the groove surface X11 is 1.2 times of the average value of the dimension W2 of the designed barren-shaped small end, and the width dimension M2 of the section of the groove surface X11 is 1.8-2 times of the dimension H2 of the designed barren-shaped small end; the slot face X12 is identical in size to the head of the design blank of fig. 3a and 3 b.
Further, the side surface of the groove surface X11 of the tire mold is a conical surface, and the included angle between the conical surface and the central axis of the tire mold is 1 degree; the height of the die cavity X11 is 0.6 times of the height of the designed rough shape. The small end 21 of the die has a width 0.65 times the width of the head of the die, and serves as a clamping end of the die. The minimum wall thickness of the moulding bed needs to be greater than 150mm.
Further, the rough shape is a rough shape which is subjected to simulation and optimization design and has uniform deformation distribution. In order to ensure the high-rib area of the forging, the position exceeding the width of the web plate of the forging is fully filled with the surface, the height H of the position of the rough shape W1 is 1.15 times of the height of the rib of the forging, the width is 1.4 times of the width of the high rib of the forging, and the deformation of the rough shape in the die forging process is 15% -40%.
Further, the profile of the pre-forging piece is 5-8 mm smaller than the single side of the final forging profile, the demolding gradient pre-forging of the side surface of the high rib of the forging piece is 3 degrees larger than that of the final forging, the rib top of the pre-forging piece is an arc surface, and the thickness of the pre-forging piece is 1.0-1.3 times that of the final forging piece. Further, a pre-forging die is manufactured according to the design of the pre-forging, and the die cavity of the pre-forging die is 1.006 times of the appearance of the pre-forging.
Example 1
Taking a certain type of aircraft joint forging as an example, the forging material is titanium alloy, the projection area of the forging is 0.6m2, the profile size of the forging is 1240mm multiplied by 856mm multiplied by 424mm, the forging is a beam frame structure with high ribs, the forging is provided with high ribs and a thin web, the length of the high ribs of the forging is about 730mm, the height of the ribs is 424mm, the width of the ribs is 75mm, the ribs extend 280mm along the width direction, the width of the web is about 490mm, therefore, part of the high ribs form an independent boss, the difference between the maximum section size and the minimum section size of the forging is larger, and the ratio of the cross sections reaches 11:1, height-width ratio of rib 6:1.
the forging method of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) blanking, namely firstly rounding edges and corners of two ends of a raw material bar with the diameter of 350mm and the length of 1100mm to R15mm.
Step 2: and then heated to a forging temperature in a heating furnace. Simultaneously, the moulding bed is heated at 150-250 ℃.
Step 3: placing the heated bar stock on an anvil for forging, forging and shaping the bar stock to 630mm multiplied by 250mm multiplied by 680mm, wherein the length direction of the bar stock is unchanged in the length direction of the blank in the process; then, one end of the blank is drawn along the length direction, and the width of the drawn part is reduced along one side; after the first intermediate blank is forged to the designed size, the blank is returned to the furnace for heating.
And (3) feeding one end of the first intermediate blank with smaller thickness into a forming groove of a tire mold (figure 2) which is vertically placed after heating, and carrying out local upsetting on the un-drawn end of the first intermediate blank to obtain a second intermediate blank. Wherein the forging temperature is 960 ℃, and the pressing speed is 5mm/s. In this process, the small end of the first intermediate billet is in contact with the die surface X11, and the die surface X121 and the die surface X122 constrain the large end upsetting portion of the second intermediate billet so that the shape and the size of the second intermediate billet can both be ensured to be consistent.
Step 4: and (3) carrying out furnace return heating on the second intermediate blank after the partial upsetting is completed, re-drawing the non-upsetting part of the second intermediate blank to the design size of a rough shape (shown in fig. 3a and 3 b), wherein the length of the drawn part is about 0.6 times of that of the non-upsetting part, and the rest area of the non-upsetting part is used as a transition step between the upsetting part and the later drawn part.
Step 5: and (5) air cooling the rough shape pad to room temperature. And then adopting a polishing method to remove the rough surface defects.
Step 6: heating the barren shape; while heating the pre-forging die. Pre-forging after heating is completed; wherein the forging temperature is 960 ℃, and the pressing speed is 5mm/s.
Step 7: and (3) air cooling the rough shape pad to room temperature, removing burrs of the pre-forging by a machining method, and removing the rough shape surface defects by a polishing method.
Step 8: heating the pre-forging piece; and simultaneously heating the final forging die. Performing final forging after heating; wherein the forging temperature is 960 ℃, and the pressing speed is 5mm/s.
Step 9: and (3) air cooling the rough shape pad to room temperature, removing burrs of the pre-forging by a machining method, and removing the rough shape surface defects by a polishing method.
Step 10: and carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the forging.
The tire mold in the step 3 is of a hollow hammer structure, and a mold with a groove surface X11 and a groove surface X12 is arranged in the middle.
Further, the groove surface X11 is a through groove with a rectangular section; the length dimension N2 of the section of the groove surface X11 is 1.2 times of the average value of the dimension W2 of the designed barren-shaped small end, and the width dimension M2 of the section of the groove surface X11 is 1.8-2 times of the dimension H2 of the designed barren-shaped small end; the slot face X12 is of a consistent size as the head of the design blank (fig. 3a and 3 b).
Further, the side surface of the groove surface X11 of the tire mold is a conical surface, and the included angle between the conical surface and the central axis of the tire mold is 1 degree; the height of the die cavity X11 is 0.6 times of the height of the designed rough shape. The small end 21 of the die has a width 0.65 times the width of the head of the die as the clamping end required for moving the die.
Further, the minimum wall thickness of the tire mold is required to be greater than 150mm. The raw material of the moulding bed is mould steel.
And (3) the rough shape in the step (4) is a rough shape with uniformly distributed deformation quantity through simulation and optimization design. In order to ensure that the high-rib area of the forging piece exceeds the width of the web plate of the forging piece, the height H of the position of the rough shape W1 is 1.15 times of the height of the high-rib of the forging piece, the width is 1.4 times of the width of the high-rib of the forging piece, and the deformation of the rough shape in the die forging process is 15-40%.
And (3) the pre-forging die in the step (6) is manufactured according to the design of the pre-forging piece. The profile of the pre-forging piece is 5-8 mm smaller than the single side of the final forging profile, the demolding gradient pre-forging of the side surface of the high-strength steel bar of the forging piece is 3 degrees larger than that of the final forging, the top surface of the high-strength steel bar of the pre-forging piece is an arc surface, and the thickness of the pre-forging piece is 1.0-1.3 times of that of the final forging piece.
Further, the pre-forging die cavity is 1.006 times of the pre-forging outline.
The size and the shape of the die forging product obtained by the scheme meet the drawing requirements, and materials and deformation required by the forgeable forging die forging are pre-distributed by adopting a die and a pre-forging die. The forging high-strength steel is difficult to be filled with enough metal, so that upsetting and forming are performed on the forging during terminal forming, forming difficulty is reduced, and the situation that clamping damage occurs due to overlarge height-width ratio of the forging high-strength steel in the extending area in the width direction is avoided. The qualification rate of the forging is improved, the material utilization rate is improved, the material consumption of the die is reduced, the die processing period is shortened, and the dimensional accuracy of the forging is improved, so that the production efficiency of the forging is improved, and the production cost of the forging and the manufacturing cost of the die are reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A method for forging a thin plate-like titanium alloy, comprising:
blanking;
placing the heated bar stock on an anvil for forging, and forging the bar stock to a cuboid; then, one end of the rough shape is pulled out unilaterally along the length direction, so that the width of the pulled out part is reduced along one side, and the metal of the pulled out part is used for forming a forging web; after the forging is carried out to the design size of the first intermediate blank, the blank is returned to the furnace for heating;
vertically placing the elongated end of the first intermediate blank in a heated tire model groove, and performing local upsetting on the non-elongated end of the first intermediate blank to obtain a second intermediate blank;
reserving a certain length of the non-upsetting part of the second intermediate blank as a transition step between the upsetting part and the later drawing part, and drawing the remaining non-upsetting part along the length direction to obtain a pierced blank; the barren section comprises an extension section, a transition step and a moulding bed forming section; the molding section of the tire mold comprises a low-thickness boss and a high-thickness part which are outwards protruded;
pre-forging the rough shape to obtain a pre-forged piece; the drawing section is used for forming a web plate of the pre-forging and inclined ribs on the web plate, the transition step is used for forming a step, a step and high rib transition part and residual inclined ribs on the pre-forging, the part of the forming section of the forming die, which is longer than the boss, is used for forming an arc boss of the pre-forging, and the residual part of the forming section of the forming die is used for forming the high ribs;
and performing final forging on the pre-forging piece to obtain the forging piece.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein vertically positioning the elongated end of the first intermediate blank in the heated tire mold groove comprises:
the method comprises the steps of enabling a first intermediate blank drawing end to be in contact with a tire mold surface X11, upsetting the whole end face of a first intermediate blank non-drawing end, and filling the first intermediate blank non-drawing end along a tire mold cavity, wherein the tire mold surface X121 is full of a molded high-thickness part, the tire mold surface X122 is not full, upsetting part of the end face again, enabling metal to flow in the width direction and the length direction, enabling the tire mold surface X122 to be full of a molded low-thickness boss, and enabling part of the end face to be the end face of the metal located in the tire mold surface X122.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the profile of the mould is divided into a lower gripping section and an upper working section, the upper end face of the upper working section having a first step; the cavity of the moulding bed comprises a long flat cavity X11, a small square cavity X122 and a large square cavity X121 for forming the drawing section; the large square cavity is positioned above the long flat cavity, the position of the large square cavity is biased to one side, the small square cavity is a space extending from the large square cavity to the other side, and the small square cavity and the large square cavity are divided by steps.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the length dimension N2 of the X11 cross section is 1.2 times the average value of the designed small end dimensions W2, and the width dimension M2 of the X11 cross section is 1.8 to 2 times the designed small end dimensions H2; x122 and X121 are identical in size to the head of the design blank.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the side of X11 is a conical surface, the angle between the conical surface and its central axis being 1 °; the height of the die cavity X11 is 0.6 times of the height of the designed rough shape; the width of the clamping section of the moulding bed is 0.65 times the width of the head of the moulding bed.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the height H of the low thickness boss is 1.15 times the height of the forging high ribs; the width is 1.4 times of the width of the high rib of the forging piece.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the profile of the pre-forging piece is 5-8 mm smaller than the single side of the final forging profile, the draft angle of the high-rib side surface of the forging piece is 3 degrees larger than that of the final forging, the top surface of the high-rib of the pre-forging piece is an arc surface, and the thickness of the pre-forging piece is 1.0-1.3 times that of the final forging piece.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the pre-forging die cavity is 1.006 times the pre-forging profile.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311763505.9A CN117862387A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | Forging method of thin plate type titanium alloy forging |
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| CN202311763505.9A CN117862387A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | Forging method of thin plate type titanium alloy forging |
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| CN117862387A true CN117862387A (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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