CN117859591A - Efficient out-nursery cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - Google Patents
Efficient out-nursery cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Download PDFInfo
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- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012847 principal component analysis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupling, which comprises a water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of banana seedlings, influences of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground growth, influences of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root growth, growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, a water and fertilizer coupling system of 'Brazilian' and nursery-out time of 'Brazilian' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, and the key seedling cultivation technology of water-saving fertilizer is finally screened out by implementing various water and fertilizer supply combination schemes so as to obtain influences of different water and fertilizer coupling and irrigation modes on seedling growth, comparing irrigation water consumption and determining water and fertilizer supply modes under different water and fertilizer coupling and irrigation modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the related field of efficient nursery-out cultivation of banana seedlings, in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Background
Bananas are tropical fruits with the largest world consumption and trade amount, are regarded as fourth large grain crops in developing countries, the world banana planting area of 2022 is about 533.67 ten thousand according to FAO statistics, the demand of virus-free banana seedlings rises year by year in production, high-efficiency and high-quality seedlings are key to high quality and high yield of fruit trees, moisture and fertilizer (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) are 3 most important and large nutrient elements influencing the growth and development of crops, and the nutrition balance of the seedlings can be realized through cooperative regulation and control between the moisture and the three.
In agricultural planting, too much water and fertilizer is applied, not only causes resource waste, but also causes environmental problems such as water eutrophication, how to achieve the aim of high-efficiency and high-quality seedling cultivation by controlling water with fertilizer and adjusting fertilizer with water through the coupling effect between related water and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the defects, the invention provides a high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The invention is realized by constructing a high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which comprises the steps of 1. A water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of banana seedlings, 2. Influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground growth, 3. Influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root system growth, 4. Growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, 5 'Brazilian banana' water and fertilizer coupling system and 6. Nursery-out time of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions;
preferably, the water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of banana seedlings takes 'Brazil bananas' as a test variety, discusses the water and fertilizer coupling effect of banana seedlings through a water and fertilizer interaction test, screens out the optimal water and fertilizer supply combination scheme in the banana seedling growing process from the aspect of water and fertilizer saving, provides a theoretical basis for saving type precise banana seedling cultivation, adopts a two-factor random block design, and has a factor 1 of relative water content, 3 levels of 70% relative water content, 80% relative water content and 90% relative water content respectively; factor 2 is fertilizer application ratio, which is N: P: k=20:20:20, N: P: k=20:10:20, N: P: k=15:15:30 and N: P: k=10:52:10, total 12 treatments, 100 seedlings each were treated, and seedling investigation was performed every 10 days. The Control (CK) is treated by 100% relative water content, and a slow-release compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16:6:13) is applied after the seedling recovery period by adopting the common fertilization level in production practice, and 1g of each plant is applied (as shown in figure 1).
Preferably, the influence of the different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on the overground growth is compared after a plurality of treatments:
in the early stage of growth, the plant height is highest in T7 treatment and is 7.80cm, and is obviously higher than that of T3 treatment, T4 treatment, T11 treatment and CK and 15.90 percent higher than that of CK; leaf areas for T4, T5, T6 and T8 treatments were significantly higher than CK; the stem thickness, SPAD value, overground dry weight and leaf spacing of different treatments have no significant difference;
in the middle of the growth period, the plant height is highest in T5 treatment and is 12.40cm, and is significantly higher than that of T8 treatment, T9 treatment, T10 treatment, T11 treatment, T12 treatment and CK, and 46.23% higher than CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment and the T5 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T11 treatment and the CK, and the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is coarsest and is improved by 33.33% compared with the CK; the leaf area of the T2 treatment and the T6 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T8 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK, and the highest treatment is carried out by the T6 treatment, which is improved by 121.48 percent compared with the CK; the dry weight of the overground parts of the T1 treatment, the T2 treatment, the T3 treatment, the T6 treatment and the T8 treatment is obviously higher than CK, and the dry weight of the overground parts is increased by 103.13% compared with CK by the highest T3 treatment; the SPAD values and leaf spacing have no significant difference;
in the later stage of growth, the plant height of the T6 treatment is 15.48cm, which is obviously higher than that of the T3 treatment, the T4 treatment, the T7 treatment, the T8 treatment, the T9 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK and is 31.97 percent higher than the CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is 13.22mm, which is obviously higher than that of the T4 treatment, the T12 treatment and CK, and is improved by 48.04% compared with CK; SPAD values were highest with T5 treatment, significantly higher than T9 treatment and CK; the leaf area is highest treated by T6, which is obviously higher than T2, T3, T4, T7, T8, T9, T11, T12 and CK, and is 48.39% higher than CK; the dry weight of the overground part is 1.11g which is highest by T6 treatment and is obviously higher than T3, T4, T8, T12 and CK, and is 158.14 percent higher than CK; the leaf spacing for the T5 treatment was significantly higher than for the T7 treatment.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the overground growth index under different water-fertilizer coupling conditions is more and more different with time delay.
Preferably, the influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root growth is obtained after multiple treatments:
in the early stage of growth, the root length is highest in T8 treatment and is 103.42cm, which is obviously higher than that in T1 and T2 treatment; the surface area of the root system treated by T8 is higher than that of other treatments, obviously higher than CK, and is improved by 94.62% compared with CK; the average diameter of the root system is 1.16mm with T12 as the highest, which is obviously higher than that of T2, T3 and T4 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no obvious difference;
in the middle growth period, the root length is highest by T4 treatment, which is obviously higher than CK and is 73.55 percent higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest treated by T4 and is obviously higher than that treated by T5, T6, T8 and T11; the root diameter is highest in T3 treatment and is obviously higher than that in T11 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no significant difference;
in the later growth period, the root length is the highest by T6 treatment and is 631.64cm, which is obviously higher than CK and is 169.33% higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest by T6 treatment, is obviously higher than CK, and is 165.07 percent higher than CK; the average diameter of the root system was 1.29mm at the highest treatment with T6, which is significantly higher than treatments T3 and T4. As can be seen from fig. 3, after the time delay, there is no significant difference in the root coefficient, and there is a significant difference in the index of the subsurface growth under different water-fertilizer coupling conditions.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the growth of the aerial parts of the T6 treated banana seedlings is best, followed by T5 treatment, and the CK treated seedlings are weakest.
Preferably, the growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian banana' under the different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is to comprehensively evaluate the growth conditions (plant height, stem thickness, SPAD value, leaf area, dry weight of the aerial parts and She Jianju) of the aerial parts of different treatments by adopting a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (as shown in figure 5); in the early growth stage, the treatment score of T1 is highest, and CK is ranked last; in the mid-growth period, the T6 treatment score is highest and the CK score is lowest; in the late growth stage, T6 treatment scores were highest and CK scores were lowest.
Preferably, the nursery time of 'Brazilian banana' under the different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is obtained after multiple treatments: the seedling emergence time of the banana seedlings treated by the T6 is shortest and is 50-52 days, the seedling emergence time of the traditional cultivation method is longest and is 75-85 days, and the seedling cultivation time of the banana seedlings is shortened by 20-25 days (as shown in table 5).
Preferably, the 'Brazilian banana' water and fertilizer coupling system: the optimal fertilizer ratio in the mid-stage before growth is as follows: the relative water content is controlled to be 90% in the early stage and 80% in the middle stage; in the later stage, the optimal fertilizer proportion is as follows: and the relative water content of N and K=20:10:20 is 80 percent.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through improvement, and compared with the traditional cultivation method, the method has the following improvement:
according to the efficient nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the two-factor random block design is adopted, and the optimal water and fertilizer supply combination scheme in the banana seedling growing process is screened out from the perspective of water saving and fertilizer saving aiming at coupling between the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the relative moisture content of the matrix, so that the efficient and high-quality banana seedling cultivation technology is explored, theoretical basis is provided for saving type precise banana seedling cultivation, the nursery-out time of banana seedlings is shortened, and the economic benefit is improved.
According to the efficient nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupled, the overground growth index of Brazilian banana under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments is obtained by carrying out different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on Brazilian banana for multiple times.
According to the efficient nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupled, the effect on the growth of the underground part of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments is obtained by carrying out different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on Brazilian banana for a plurality of times.
The invention relates to a method for efficiently cultivating banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which obtains a scheme by carrying out multiple water and fertilizer supply combined treatment, wherein the optimal fertilizer proportion is as follows: the relative water content is controlled to be 90% in the early stage and 80% in the middle stage; in the later stage, the optimal fertilizer proportion is as follows: the relative water content of N and P is 80 percent, the nursery-out time of banana seedlings is shortest and is 50-52 days, and compared with the nursery-out time of the banana seedlings by the traditional cultivation method, the cultivation time of the banana seedlings is shortened by 20-25 days.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a treatment scheme of the water-fertilizer coupling treatment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground growth;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root growth;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the morphology of the aerial parts of banana seedlings under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments according to the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of growth condition evaluation of 'brazil banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions according to the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic drawing of the outplanting time of 'brazil banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with fig. 1-6, clearly and completely describes the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the efficient nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupling comprises the steps of 1. A water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of banana seedlings, 2. Influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground growth, 3. Influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root system growth, 4. Growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, 5 'Brazilian banana' water and fertilizer coupling system and 6. Nursery-out time of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions; according to the water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of the banana seedlings, brazil bananas are used as test varieties, the water and fertilizer coupling effect of the banana seedlings is discussed through a water and fertilizer interaction test, and from the perspective of water and fertilizer saving, the optimal water and fertilizer supply combination scheme in the banana seedling growing process is screened out, so that theoretical basis is provided for saving type precise banana seedling cultivation, a two-factor random block design is adopted, the factor 1 is the relative water content, and the levels are respectively 70%, 80% and 90%; factor 2 is fertilizer application ratio, which is N: P: k=20:20:20, N: P: k=20:10:20, N: P: k=15:15:30 and N: P: k=10:52:10, total 12 treatments, 100 seedlings each were treated, and seedling investigation was performed every 10 days. The Control (CK) is treated by 100% relative water content, and a slow-release compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16:6:13) is applied after the seedling recovery period by adopting the common fertilization level in production practice, and 1g of each plant is applied (as shown in figure 1).
Referring to fig. 2, the method for efficiently cultivating banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium comprises the steps of: in the early stage of growth, the plant height is highest in T7 treatment and is 7.80cm, and is obviously higher than that of T3 treatment, T4 treatment, T11 treatment and CK and 15.90 percent higher than that of CK; leaf areas for T4, T5, T6 and T8 treatments were significantly higher than CK; the stem thickness, SPAD value, overground dry weight and leaf spacing of different treatments have no significant difference; in the middle of the growth period, the plant height is highest in T5 treatment and is 12.40cm, and is significantly higher than that of T8 treatment, T9 treatment, T10 treatment, T11 treatment, T12 treatment and CK, and 46.23% higher than CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment and the T5 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T11 treatment and the CK, and the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is coarsest and is improved by 33.33% compared with the CK; the leaf area of the T2 treatment and the T6 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T8 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK, and the highest treatment is carried out by the T6 treatment, which is improved by 121.48 percent compared with the CK; the dry weight of the overground parts of the T1 treatment, the T2 treatment, the T3 treatment, the T6 treatment and the T8 treatment is obviously higher than CK, and the dry weight of the overground parts is increased by 103.13% compared with CK by the highest T3 treatment; the SPAD values and leaf spacing have no significant difference; in the later stage of growth, the plant height of the T6 treatment is 15.48cm, which is obviously higher than that of the T3 treatment, the T4 treatment, the T7 treatment, the T8 treatment, the T9 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK and is 31.97 percent higher than the CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is 13.22mm, which is obviously higher than that of the T4 treatment, the T12 treatment and CK, and is improved by 48.04% compared with CK; SPAD values were highest with T5 treatment, significantly higher than T9 treatment and CK; the leaf area is highest treated by T6, which is obviously higher than T2, T3, T4, T7, T8, T9, T11, T12 and CK, and is 48.39% higher than CK; the dry weight of the overground part is 1.11g which is highest by T6 treatment and is obviously higher than T3, T4, T8, T12 and CK, and is 158.14 percent higher than CK; the leaf spacing in the T5 treatment is significantly higher than that in the T7 treatment, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, the difference of the overground growth indexes under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is larger and larger with the time delay.
Referring to fig. 3-4, the method for cultivating banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium has the advantages that the influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root growth is achieved after multiple treatments, and comparison is obtained: in the early stage of growth, the root length is highest in T8 treatment and is 103.42cm, which is obviously higher than that in T1 and T2 treatment; the surface area of the root system treated by T8 is higher than that of other treatments, obviously higher than CK, and is improved by 94.62% compared with CK; the average diameter of the root system is 1.16mm with T12 as the highest, which is obviously higher than that of T2, T3 and T4 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no obvious difference; in the middle growth period, the root length is highest by T4 treatment, which is obviously higher than CK and is 73.55 percent higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest treated by T4 and is obviously higher than that treated by T5, T6, T8 and T11; the root diameter is highest in T3 treatment and is obviously higher than that in T11 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no significant difference; in the later growth period, the root length is the highest by T6 treatment and is 631.64cm, which is obviously higher than CK and is 169.33% higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest by T6 treatment, is obviously higher than CK, and is 165.07 percent higher than CK; the average diameter of root system is highest in T6 treatment and is 1.29mm, which is significantly higher than that in T3 and T4 treatments, as can be seen from FIG. 3, after the time delay, besides no significant difference in root system number, there is a significant difference in the index of growth of the underground part under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, and in the mid-before-growth period, the root system growth in T4, T8 and T12 treatments is better than that in other treatments, the main reason is that the fertilizer application ratio of the three treatments is: the P element accounts for higher proportion of N: K=10:52:10, is beneficial to the growth and development of seedling root systems, and has more obvious root system growth advantage in the later growth stage, and the main reason is that: the fertilizer application proportion of the T6 treatment is as follows: n: P: K=20:10:20, N and K elements occupy a relatively high proportion, and are favorable for growth of overground parts, so that growth of underground parts is promoted through growth of overground parts, and the proportion of N and K elements treated by T4, T8 and T12 is too low, overground part growth is inhibited, so that growth of root systems is inhibited, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the overground parts of banana seedlings treated by T6 are the best in growth condition, and then treated by T5, and the CK treatment is the weakest in growth condition.
Referring to fig. 5, in the efficient nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupled, the growth condition evaluation of 'brazil banana' under different water and fertilizer coupled conditions is that the comprehensive evaluation of the growth conditions (plant height, stem thickness, SPAD value, leaf area, dry weight of the aerial parts and She Jianju) of the aerial parts treated differently is performed by adopting a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (as shown in fig. 5); in the early growth stage, the treatment score of T1 is highest, and CK is ranked last; in the mid-growth period, the T6 treatment score is highest and the CK score is lowest; in the late growth stage, T6 treatment scores were highest and CK scores were lowest.
Referring to fig. 6, the efficient nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupled is characterized in that the nursery-out time of 'Brazil' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is obtained after multiple treatments: the seedling emergence time of the banana seedlings treated by the T6 is shortest and is 50-52 days, the seedling emergence time of the traditional cultivation method is longest and is 75-85 days, and the seedling cultivation time of the banana seedlings is shortened by 20-25 days (as shown in table 5).
The invention provides a high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through improvement, which comprises the following steps of;
firstly, taking 'Brazilian banana' as a test variety, adopting a dual-factor random granule design, wherein factor 1 is relative water content, and the levels are respectively 70% relative water content, 80% relative water content and 90% relative water content; factor 2 is fertilizer application ratio, which is N: P: k=20:20:20, N: P: k=20:10:20, N: P: k=15:15:30 and N: P: k=10:52:10, total 12 treatments, 100 seedlings each were treated, and seedling investigation was performed every 10 days. The method is characterized in that 100% relative water content is used as a Control (CK), a common fertilization level in production practice is adopted, a slow-release compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 16:6:13) is applied after a seedling reviving period, 1g of each plant is applied (as shown in figure 1), the water and fertilizer coupling effect of banana seedlings is discussed through a water and fertilizer interaction test, and the optimal water and fertilizer supply combination scheme in the banana seedling growing process is screened from the aspect of water and fertilizer saving.
Secondly, carrying out different water and fertilizer coupling treatment on the Brazilian banana for a plurality of times to obtain the overground growth index of the Brazilian banana under different water and fertilizer coupling treatment (as shown in figure 2), wherein the plant height is 7.80cm highest by T7 treatment in the early growth stage, and is obviously higher than T3 treatment, T4 treatment, T11 treatment and CK and 15.90 percent higher than CK; leaf areas for T4, T5, T6 and T8 treatments were significantly higher than CK; the stem thickness, SPAD value, overground dry weight and leaf spacing of different treatments have no significant difference; in the middle of the growth period, the plant height is highest in T5 treatment and is 12.40cm, and is significantly higher than that of T8 treatment, T9 treatment, T10 treatment, T11 treatment, T12 treatment and CK, and 46.23% higher than CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment and the T5 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T11 treatment and the CK, and the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is coarsest and is improved by 33.33% compared with the CK; the leaf area of the T2 treatment and the T6 treatment is obviously higher than that of the T8 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK, and the highest treatment is carried out by the T6 treatment, which is improved by 121.48 percent compared with the CK; the dry weight of the overground parts of the T1 treatment, the T2 treatment, the T3 treatment, the T6 treatment and the T8 treatment is obviously higher than CK, and the dry weight of the overground parts is increased by 103.13% compared with CK by the highest T3 treatment; the SPAD values and leaf spacing have no significant difference; in the later stage of growth, the plant height of the T6 treatment is 15.48cm, which is obviously higher than that of the T3 treatment, the T4 treatment, the T7 treatment, the T8 treatment, the T9 treatment, the T11 treatment, the T12 treatment and the CK and is 31.97 percent higher than the CK; the stem thickness of the T1 treatment is 13.22mm, which is obviously higher than that of the T4 treatment, the T12 treatment and CK, and is improved by 48.04% compared with CK; SPAD values were highest with T5 treatment, significantly higher than T9 treatment and CK; the leaf area is highest treated by T6, which is obviously higher than T2, T3, T4, T7, T8, T9, T11, T12 and CK, and is 48.39% higher than CK; the dry weight of the overground part is 1.11g which is highest by T6 treatment and is obviously higher than T3, T4, T8, T12 and CK, and is 158.14 percent higher than CK; the leaf spacing of the T5 treatment is significantly higher than that of the T7 treatment, so that the overground growth index difference under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is larger and larger with the time delay.
Thirdly, carrying out different water and fertilizer coupling treatment on the Brazilian banana for a plurality of times to obtain the influence of the different water and fertilizer coupling treatment on the growth of the lower part of the Brazilian banana (as shown in figure 3), wherein the root system length is 103.42cm which is highest in T8 treatment and is obviously higher than T1 and T2 treatment in the early growth stage; the surface area of the root system treated by T8 is higher than that of other treatments, obviously higher than CK, and is improved by 94.62% compared with CK; the average diameter of the root system is 1.16mm with T12 as the highest, which is obviously higher than that of T2, T3 and T4 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no obvious difference; in the middle growth period, the root length is highest by T4 treatment, which is obviously higher than CK and is 73.55 percent higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest treated by T4 and is obviously higher than that treated by T5, T6, T8 and T11; the root diameter is highest in T3 treatment and is obviously higher than that in T11 treatment; the root coefficient numbers of different treatments have no significant difference; in the later growth period, the root length is the highest by T6 treatment and is 631.64cm, which is obviously higher than CK and is 169.33% higher than CK; the surface area of the root system is highest by T6 treatment, is obviously higher than CK, and is 165.07 percent higher than CK; the average diameter of the root system is highest in T6 treatment and is 1.29mm, which is obviously higher than that of T3 and T4 treatment, and the fertilizer application proportion of three treatments of T4, T8 and T12 in the middle period before growth is as follows: n: P: K=10:52:10, P element accounts for higher, is favorable to seedling root system growth and development, and the fertilizer application proportion of T6 treatment is: and N is P, K=20:10:20, and N and K elements occupy higher proportion, so that the growth of the overground part is facilitated, and the growth of the underground part is promoted through the growth of the overground part.
Fourth, in mid-early-and-mid-growth, the optimal fertilizer ratio is: the relative water content is controlled to be 90% in the early stage and 80% in the middle stage; in the later stage, the optimal fertilizer proportion is as follows: the relative water content of the N and the P is 80 percent, the nursery-out time of banana seedlings is shortest and is 50-52 days, compared with the nursery-out time of banana seedlings by a traditional cultivation method, the cultivation time of the banana seedlings is shortened by 20-25 days, so that the influence of different water and fertilizer coupling and irrigation modes on the growth of the seedlings is obtained, the water consumption for irrigation is compared and the water and fertilizer supply system is determined under different water and fertilizer coupling and irrigation modes, finally, the water and fertilizer coupling scheme with the fastest growth of the banana seedlings is selected, and the key seedling cultivation technology of water and fertilizer conservation is achieved.
The basic principle and main characteristics of the invention and the advantages of the invention are shown and described above, standard parts used by the invention can be purchased from market, special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the drawings, the specific connection modes of the parts adopt conventional means such as mature bolt rivets and welding in the prior art, the machinery, the parts and the equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection modes in the prior art, so that the description is omitted.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A high-efficiency nursery-out cultivation method for banana seedlings with matrix moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coupled comprises the steps of 1, a water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of banana seedlings, 2, influences of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground part growth, 3, influences of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root system growth, 4, growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, 5 'Brazilian banana' water and fertilizer coupling system and 6 'Brazilian banana' nursery-out time under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions;
according to the water and fertilizer coupling treatment scheme of the banana seedlings, brazil bananas are used as test varieties, the water and fertilizer coupling effect of the banana seedlings is discussed through a water and fertilizer interaction test, and from the perspective of water and fertilizer saving, the optimal water and fertilizer supply combination scheme in the banana seedling growing process is screened out, so that theoretical basis is provided for saving type precise banana seedling cultivation, a two-factor random block design is adopted, the factor 1 is the relative water content, and the levels are respectively 70%, 80% and 90%; factor 2 is fertilizer application ratio, which is N: P: K=20:20:20, N: P: K=20:10:20, N: P: K=15:15:30 and N: P: K=10:52:10, and total 12 treatments, each treatment 100 seedlings, every 10 days, seedling investigation is carried out, 100% relative water content treatment is used as a control, common fertilization level in production practice is adopted, slow release compound fertilizer is applied after a seedling recovery period, and each plant is applied with 1g.
2. The efficient nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on overground growth is compared after multiple treatments.
3. The efficient nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the influence of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on root growth is treated for multiple times, and comparison is obtained.
4. The efficient nursery-out cultivation method of banana seedlings by coupling matrix moisture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the growth condition evaluation of 'Brazilian banana' under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions is to comprehensively evaluate the growth conditions of the overground parts of different treatments by adopting a principal component analysis method.
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