CN117848877B - Three-dimensional separation Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional separation Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备，属于岩石类材料动态冲击力学实验测试装备技术领域。该冲击测试装备包括水平支架，设置在水平支架的顶部且相互垂直的X轴冲击测试组件和Y轴冲击测试组件，以及与水平支架垂直设置的Z轴冲击测试组件，X轴冲击测试组件、Y轴冲击测试组件和Z轴冲击测试组件均包括对应方向的预加载装置，可以在试样动态冲击之前提供对应方向能的轴向预应力载荷，且Z轴冲击测试组件包括用于对Z轴入射杆和Z轴透射杆进行竖直方向校正的竖直校准装置。本发明可以实现在XYZ三个方向上同时施加高应变率动态荷载，并且能在三轴方向上施加预应力荷载，从而使得实验结果更加接近真实的深层岩体应力场状态。
The present invention discloses a three-dimensional separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment, which belongs to the technical field of dynamic impact mechanics experimental test equipment for rock materials. The impact test equipment includes a horizontal bracket, an X-axis impact test assembly and a Y-axis impact test assembly which are arranged on the top of the horizontal bracket and are perpendicular to each other, and a Z-axis impact test assembly which is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal bracket. The X-axis impact test assembly, the Y-axis impact test assembly and the Z-axis impact test assembly all include preloading devices in corresponding directions, which can provide axial prestressed loads in corresponding directions before the dynamic impact of the sample, and the Z-axis impact test assembly includes a vertical calibration device for vertically correcting the Z-axis incident rod and the Z-axis transmission rod. The present invention can realize the simultaneous application of high strain rate dynamic loads in the three directions of XYZ, and can apply prestressed loads in the three-axis directions, so that the experimental results are closer to the real deep rock stress field state.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及岩石类材料动态冲击力学实验测试装备技术领域，尤其涉及三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备。The invention relates to the technical field of rock material dynamic impact mechanics experimental testing equipment, in particular to three-dimensional separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact testing equipment.
背景技术Background technique
由于深地岩体的高围压、复杂性和各向异性，在受到高应变率荷载扰动时其通常处于三向围压的多向动加载情况下，因此采用常规的一维方向动态加载的霍普金森压杆难以精确模拟真实情况下的深地岩石受力状态。现有霍普金森压杆试验装置能够对双向围压的岩石试样施加单向的高应变率动荷载，但无法在动荷载施加方向为试样提供预压，且无法在双向围压两个方向为试样施加高应变率动荷载，因此在模拟深层岩体动态力学特性方面具有明显的局限性。Due to the high confining pressure, complexity and anisotropy of deep rock mass, it is usually under multi-directional dynamic loading with three-dimensional confining pressure when subjected to high strain rate load disturbance. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately simulate the stress state of deep rock in real conditions using conventional one-dimensional directional dynamic loading Hopkinson bar. The existing Hopkinson bar test device can apply a unidirectional high strain rate dynamic load to a rock specimen under bidirectional confining pressure, but it cannot provide pre-compression for the specimen in the direction of dynamic load application, and it cannot apply high strain rate dynamic load to the specimen in both directions of bidirectional confining pressure. Therefore, it has obvious limitations in simulating the dynamic mechanical properties of deep rock mass.
由于霍普金森压杆测试过程会对传力杆的直接支撑组件产生一定幅度的冲击扰动，因此霍普金森杆的支撑组件在经过一定次数的测试试验后会发生一定幅度的偏移，对偏移的校正控制是目前亟需解决的一项问题。竖直方向的霍普金森杆由于存在重力作用易发生失稳，其支撑稳定性更是决定竖向动态加载质量的一个关键因素，因此三维方向的霍普金森压杆的支撑组件具有迫切的设计需求。申请号为 201410013027.4的发明专利中公开了一种三维霍普金森压杆转向头装置，改善了入射波的同步性，但是该方案中的三维霍普金森压杆无法实现三维方向上大小不同的冲击加载。申请号为201811602351.4 的发明专利中公开了一种真三轴霍普金森杆固体动态损伤与超声波传播测试方法，能够实现原位保压状态下测试岩石、混凝土等固体材料动态冲击损伤演化及其对超声波传播速度；但是在该方案中，因为z轴霍普金森杆装置普遍较为庞大，传统的校准方法较为繁琐与不便。Since the Hopkinson bar test process will produce a certain degree of impact disturbance to the direct support component of the force transmission rod, the support component of the Hopkinson bar will deviate to a certain extent after a certain number of test trials. Correction and control of the deviation is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. The vertical Hopkinson bar is prone to instability due to the effect of gravity, and its support stability is a key factor in determining the quality of vertical dynamic loading. Therefore, the support component of the three-dimensional Hopkinson bar has an urgent design demand. The invention patent with application number 201410013027.4 discloses a three-dimensional Hopkinson bar steering head device, which improves the synchronization of the incident wave, but the three-dimensional Hopkinson bar in this scheme cannot achieve impact loading of different sizes in the three-dimensional direction. The invention patent with application number 201811602351.4 discloses a true triaxial Hopkinson bar solid dynamic damage and ultrasonic propagation test method, which can realize the test of the dynamic impact damage evolution of solid materials such as rocks and concrete and their effect on ultrasonic propagation speed under in-situ pressure-maintaining state; however, in this scheme, because the z-axis Hopkinson bar device is generally large, the traditional calibration method is cumbersome and inconvenient.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对上述存在的问题，本发明旨在提供一种三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备，可以实现在XYZ三个方向上同时施加高应变率动态荷载，并且能在三轴方向上施加预应力荷载，从而可以使得实验结果更加接近真实的深层岩体应力场状态，提高研究的准确性和可靠性；此外，通过竖直校准装置的设置还能够实现对Z轴方向霍普金森杆的校准工作，避免了传统霍普金森杆校准的繁琐过程。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a three-dimensional separated Hopkinson bar impact test equipment, which can simultaneously apply high strain rate dynamic loads in the three directions of XYZ, and can apply prestressed loads in the three-axis directions, so that the experimental results can be closer to the actual deep rock stress field state, and the accuracy and reliability of the research can be improved; in addition, through the setting of the vertical calibration device, the calibration of the Hopkinson bar in the Z-axis direction can also be achieved, avoiding the cumbersome process of traditional Hopkinson bar calibration.
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备，包括水平支架，所述水平支架的顶部设有相互垂直的X轴冲击测试组件和Y轴冲击测试组件，所述冲击测试装备还包括与X轴冲击测试组件和Y轴冲击测试组件垂直设置的Z轴冲击测试组件，且Z轴冲击测试组件贯穿所述水平支架。A three-dimensional separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment comprises a horizontal bracket, wherein an X-axis impact test assembly and a Y-axis impact test assembly perpendicular to each other are arranged on the top of the horizontal bracket, and the impact test equipment further comprises a Z-axis impact test assembly perpendicular to the X-axis impact test assembly and the Y-axis impact test assembly, and the Z-axis impact test assembly passes through the horizontal bracket.
进一步的，所述X轴冲击测试组件包括同轴设置的X轴入射杆和X轴透射杆，所述X轴入射杆远离试样的一端设有用于对所述X轴入射杆施加冲击载荷的X轴蓄能冲击杆，所述X轴透射杆远离试样的一端设有用于沿X轴对试样提供轴向预应力载荷的X轴预加载装置。Furthermore, the X-axis impact test assembly includes a coaxially arranged X-axis incident rod and an X-axis transmission rod, the end of the X-axis incident rod away from the sample is provided with an X-axis energy storage impact rod for applying an impact load to the X-axis incident rod, and the end of the X-axis transmission rod away from the sample is provided with an X-axis preloading device for providing an axial prestress load to the sample along the X-axis.
进一步的，所述Y轴冲击测试组件包括同轴设置的Y轴入射杆和Y轴透射杆，所述Y轴入射杆远离试样的一端设有用于对所述Y轴入射杆施加冲击载荷的Y轴蓄能冲击杆，所述Y轴透射杆远离试样的一端设有用于沿Y轴对试样提供轴向预应力载荷的Y轴预加载装置。Furthermore, the Y-axis impact test assembly includes a coaxially arranged Y-axis incident rod and a Y-axis transmission rod, the end of the Y-axis incident rod away from the sample is provided with a Y-axis energy storage impact rod for applying an impact load to the Y-axis incident rod, and the end of the Y-axis transmission rod away from the sample is provided with a Y-axis preloading device for providing an axial prestress load to the sample along the Y-axis.
进一步的，所述Z轴冲击测试组件包括竖直支架，所述竖直支架上同轴设有Z轴入射杆和Z轴透射杆，所述Z轴入射杆远离试样的一端设有用于对所述Z轴入射杆施加冲击载荷的Z轴蓄能冲击杆，所述Z轴透射杆远离试样的一端设有用于沿Z轴对试样提供轴向预应力载荷的Z轴预加载装置。Furthermore, the Z-axis impact test assembly includes a vertical bracket, on which a Z-axis incident rod and a Z-axis transmission rod are coaxially arranged, the Z-axis incident rod is provided at one end away from the sample with a Z-axis energy storage impact rod for applying an impact load to the Z-axis incident rod, and the Z-axis transmission rod is provided at one end away from the sample with a Z-axis preloading device for providing an axial prestress load to the sample along the Z-axis.
进一步的，所述X轴预加载装置、Y轴预加载装置和Z轴预加载装置的结构相同。Furthermore, the structures of the X-axis preloading device, the Y-axis preloading device and the Z-axis preloading device are the same.
进一步的，所述X轴预加载装置包括预加载液压泵，所述预加载液压泵上连接有多个第二液压伸缩臂，多个所述第二液压伸缩臂的端部连接有同一个第二工作台，所述第二工作台靠近所述试样的一侧通过第二弹簧连接有预加载台。Furthermore, the X-axis preloading device includes a preloading hydraulic pump, to which a plurality of second hydraulic telescopic arms are connected, and the ends of the plurality of second hydraulic telescopic arms are connected to the same second workbench, and the side of the second workbench close to the sample is connected to the preloading table through a second spring.
进一步的，所述竖直支架上还设有用于对所述Z轴入射杆进行高度调节以及消除重力影响的竖直液压升降台，所述Z轴入射杆与所述竖直液压升降台连接。Furthermore, the vertical support is also provided with a vertical hydraulic lifting platform for adjusting the height of the Z-axis incident rod and eliminating the influence of gravity, and the Z-axis incident rod is connected to the vertical hydraulic lifting platform.
进一步的，所述竖直液压升降台包括Z轴液压泵，所述Z轴液压泵上连接有多个第一液压伸缩臂，多个所述第一液压伸缩臂的端部连接有同一个第一工作台，所述第一工作台的上方平行设置有升降台，所述升降台与所述第一工作台之间通过多组第一弹簧连接，所述Z轴入射杆与所述升降台固定连接。Furthermore, the vertical hydraulic lifting platform includes a Z-axis hydraulic pump, to which a plurality of first hydraulic telescopic arms are connected, and the ends of the plurality of first hydraulic telescopic arms are connected to the same first workbench, and a lifting platform is arranged parallel to the top of the first workbench, and the lifting platform is connected to the first workbench through a plurality of groups of first springs, and the Z-axis incident rod is fixedly connected to the lifting platform.
进一步的，所述竖直支架内还设有用于对所述Z轴入射杆、Z轴透射杆和Z轴蓄能冲击杆进行竖直方向校正的竖直校准装置。Furthermore, a vertical calibration device for vertically correcting the Z-axis incident rod, the Z-axis transmission rod and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod is also provided in the vertical bracket.
进一步的，所述竖直支架包括四个立柱，所述竖直校准装置包括转动设置在每个所述立柱内的滚珠丝杠，每个所述滚珠丝杠上均连接有相互匹配的传动齿轮，在每个所述立柱内不同高度处均安装有与传动齿轮相互啮合的次级传动齿轮，且四个所述立柱上不同次级传动齿轮的安装高度均对应相同；所述次级传动齿轮远离所述传动齿轮的一侧通过第三弹簧连接有螺杆，每个所述螺杆的端部均连接有滚轮。Furthermore, the vertical bracket includes four columns, and the vertical calibration device includes a ball screw rotatably arranged in each of the columns, each of the ball screws is connected to a transmission gear that matches each other, and a secondary transmission gear that meshes with the transmission gear is installed at different heights in each of the columns, and the installation heights of different secondary transmission gears on the four columns are all the same; the side of the secondary transmission gear away from the transmission gear is connected to a screw rod through a third spring, and the end of each screw rod is connected to a roller.
本发明的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，本发明的改进之处在于，The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the improvement of the present invention is that:
1、本发明中的三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试设备通过在XYZ三个方向独立设置冲击测试组件，从而能够在三维方向上同时施加高应变率动态荷载，每个方向的冲击测试组件中均包含有对应方向的预加载装置，能够在试样进行动态冲击之前对试样施加预应力荷载，进而可以使得实验结果更加接近真实的深层岩体应力场状态，提高研究的准确性和可靠性。1. The three-dimensional separated Hopkinson bar impact test equipment of the present invention can apply high strain rate dynamic loads in three directions at the same time by independently setting impact test components in the three directions of XYZ. The impact test components in each direction include a preloading device in the corresponding direction, which can apply prestressed loads to the sample before the sample is subjected to dynamic impact, thereby making the experimental results closer to the actual deep rock stress field state and improving the accuracy and reliability of the research.
2、本发明中在Z轴冲击测试组件中设置有竖直液压升降台，通过液压系统和弹簧装置的相互配合，可以在Z轴入射杆不被刚性固定的前提下消除Z轴入射杆重力的影响，避免了对实验结果造成影响。2. In the present invention, a vertical hydraulic lifting platform is provided in the Z-axis impact test assembly. Through the cooperation between the hydraulic system and the spring device, the influence of the gravity of the Z-axis incident rod can be eliminated without the Z-axis incident rod being rigidly fixed, thereby avoiding the influence on the experimental results.
3、本发明中在Z轴冲击测试组件中还设置有竖直校准装置，利用滚珠丝杠与上下为斜面结构的传动齿轮的相互配合，仅通过改变一个传动齿轮高度位置就可以调节四个不同高度的次级传动齿轮，从而控制固定Z轴入射杆、Z轴透射杆和Z轴蓄能冲击杆的滚轮的空间位置，实现对Z轴方向霍普金森杆的校准工作，避免了传统霍普金森杆校准的繁琐过程，且更加精确。3. In the present invention, a vertical calibration device is also provided in the Z-axis impact test assembly. By utilizing the mutual cooperation between the ball screw and the transmission gears with upper and lower inclined structures, four secondary transmission gears of different heights can be adjusted by only changing the height position of one transmission gear, thereby controlling the spatial position of the rollers that fix the Z-axis incident rod, the Z-axis transmission rod and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod, and realizing the calibration of the Hopkinson bar in the Z-axis direction, avoiding the cumbersome process of traditional Hopkinson bar calibration and being more accurate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备整体结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensionally separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment according to the present invention.
图2为本发明X轴冲击测试组件整体结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the X-axis impact test assembly of the present invention.
图3为本发明Y轴冲击测试组件整体结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Y-axis impact test assembly of the present invention.
图4为本发明Z轴冲击测试组件整体结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Z-axis impact test assembly of the present invention.
图5为本发明X轴预加载装置整体结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the X-axis preloading device of the present invention.
图6为本发明X轴预加载装置结构主视图。FIG. 6 is a front view of the X-axis preloading device structure of the present invention.
图7为本发明竖直液压升降平台和Z轴预加载装置与Z轴入射杆、Z轴透射杆位置关系示意图。7 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the vertical hydraulic lifting platform and the Z-axis preloading device and the Z-axis incident rod and the Z-axis transmission rod of the present invention.
图8为本发明液压升降平台整体结构示意图。FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic lifting platform of the present invention.
图9为本发明液压升降平台结构主视图。FIG. 9 is a front view of the structure of the hydraulic lifting platform of the present invention.
图10为本发明液压升降平台和Z轴入射杆整体结构示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic lifting platform and the Z-axis incident rod of the present invention.
图11为本发明竖直校准装置内部结构主视图。FIG. 11 is a front view of the internal structure of the vertical calibration device of the present invention.
图12为本发明竖直校准装置结构轴测图。FIG. 12 is an axonometric view of the vertical calibration device structure of the present invention.
图13为本发明竖直校准装置内部结构俯视图。FIG. 13 is a top view of the internal structure of the vertical calibration device of the present invention.
其中：1-水平支架，2-X轴冲击测试组件，201-X轴高压气泵，202-X轴蓄能冲击杆，203-X轴入射杆，204-X轴透射杆，3-Y轴冲击测试组件，301-Y轴高压气泵，302-Y轴蓄能冲击杆，303-Y轴入射杆，304-Y轴透射杆，4-Z轴冲击测试组件，401-竖直支架，4011-立柱，402-Z轴入射杆，403-Z轴透射杆，404-Z轴高压气泵，405-Z轴蓄能冲击杆，5-X轴预加载装置，501-预加载液压泵，502-第二液压伸缩臂，503-第二工作台，504-安装块，505-第二弹簧，506-预加载台，6-Y轴预加载装置，7-竖直液压升降台，701-Z轴液压泵，702-第一液压伸缩臂，703-第一工作台，704-升降台，705-第一弹簧，8-Z轴预加载装置，9-试样，10-竖直校准装置，1001-电机，1002-滚珠丝杠，1003-传动齿轮，1004-次级传动齿轮，1005-第三弹簧，1006-凹槽块，1007-螺杆，1008-滚轮。Among them: 1-horizontal bracket, 2-X-axis impact test assembly, 201-X-axis high-pressure air pump, 202-X-axis energy storage impact rod, 203-X-axis incident rod, 204-X-axis transmission rod, 3-Y-axis impact test assembly, 301-Y-axis high-pressure air pump, 302-Y-axis energy storage impact rod, 303-Y-axis incident rod, 304-Y-axis transmission rod, 4-Z-axis impact test assembly, 401-vertical bracket, 4011-column, 402-Z-axis incident rod, 403-Z-axis transmission rod, 404-Z-axis high-pressure air pump, 405-Z-axis energy storage impact rod, 5-X-axis preloading device, 501-preloading hydraulic pump, 502 -second hydraulic telescopic arm, 503-second workbench, 504-mounting block, 505-second spring, 506-preloading table, 6-Y-axis preloading device, 7-vertical hydraulic lifting platform, 701-Z-axis hydraulic pump, 702-first hydraulic telescopic arm, 703-first workbench, 704-lifting platform, 705-first spring, 8-Z-axis preloading device, 9-sample, 10-vertical calibration device, 1001-motor, 1002-ball screw, 1003-transmission gear, 1004-secondary transmission gear, 1005-third spring, 1006-groove block, 1007-screw, 1008-roller.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本领域的普通技术人员能更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的描述。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例一Embodiment 1
参照附图1-10所示的三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装备，包括十字形的水平支架1，所述水平支架1的顶部设有X轴冲击测试组件2和Y轴冲击测试组件3，所述X轴冲击测试组件2与所述Y轴冲击测试组件3相互垂直，所述冲击测试装备还包括与X轴冲击测试组件2和Y轴冲击测试组件3垂直设置的Z轴冲击测试组件4，且Z轴冲击测试组件4贯穿所述水平支架1。Referring to the three-dimensional separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact test equipment shown in Figures 1-10, it includes a cross-shaped horizontal bracket 1, and an X-axis impact test component 2 and a Y-axis impact test component 3 are provided on the top of the horizontal bracket 1. The X-axis impact test component 2 and the Y-axis impact test component 3 are perpendicular to each other. The impact test equipment also includes a Z-axis impact test component 4 vertically arranged with the X-axis impact test component 2 and the Y-axis impact test component 3, and the Z-axis impact test component 4 passes through the horizontal bracket 1.
具体的，所述X轴冲击测试组件2包括X轴高压气泵201，所述X轴高压气泵201的输出端连接有X轴蓄能冲击杆202，所述X轴蓄能冲击杆202远离所述X轴高压气泵201的一端连接有X轴入射杆203，所述X轴冲击测试组件2还包括与所述X轴入射杆203同轴设置的X轴透射杆204，所述X轴透射杆204远离所述X轴入射杆203的一端设有用于沿着X轴提供轴向预应力载荷的X轴预加载装置5，试样9为立方体结构，沿X轴方向的两个面位于X轴入射杆203和X轴透射杆204之间。Specifically, the X-axis impact test assembly 2 includes an X-axis high-pressure air pump 201, the output end of the X-axis high-pressure air pump 201 is connected to an X-axis energy storage impact rod 202, the end of the X-axis energy storage impact rod 202 away from the X-axis high-pressure air pump 201 is connected to an X-axis incident rod 203, the X-axis impact test assembly 2 also includes an X-axis transmission rod 204 coaxially arranged with the X-axis incident rod 203, the end of the X-axis transmission rod 204 away from the X-axis incident rod 203 is provided with an X-axis preloading device 5 for providing axial prestressed load along the X-axis, the sample 9 is a cubic structure, and the two faces along the X-axis direction are located between the X-axis incident rod 203 and the X-axis transmission rod 204.
同理，所述Y轴冲击测试组件3包括Y轴高压气泵301，所述Y轴高压气泵301的输出端连接有Y轴蓄能冲击杆302，所述Y轴蓄能冲击杆302远离所述Y轴高压气泵301的一端连接有Y轴入射杆303，所述Y轴冲击测试组件3还包括与所述Y轴入射杆303同轴设置的Y轴透射杆304，所述Y轴透射杆304远离所述Y轴入射杆303的一端设有用于沿着Y轴提供轴向预应力载荷的Y轴预加载装置6，试样9沿Y轴方向的两个面位于Y轴入射杆303和Y轴透射杆304之间。需要说明的是，X轴蓄能冲击杆202、X轴入射杆203、X轴透射杆204、Y轴蓄能冲击杆302、Y轴入射杆303和Y轴透射杆304均通过支撑件安装在水平支架1上。Similarly, the Y-axis impact test assembly 3 includes a Y-axis high-pressure air pump 301, the output end of the Y-axis high-pressure air pump 301 is connected to a Y-axis energy storage impact rod 302, the end of the Y-axis energy storage impact rod 302 away from the Y-axis high-pressure air pump 301 is connected to a Y-axis incident rod 303, the Y-axis impact test assembly 3 also includes a Y-axis transmission rod 304 coaxially arranged with the Y-axis incident rod 303, the end of the Y-axis transmission rod 304 away from the Y-axis incident rod 303 is provided with a Y-axis preloading device 6 for providing an axial prestressed load along the Y-axis, and the two surfaces of the sample 9 along the Y-axis direction are located between the Y-axis incident rod 303 and the Y-axis transmission rod 304. It should be noted that the X-axis energy storage impact rod 202, the X-axis incident rod 203, the X-axis transmission rod 204, the Y-axis energy storage impact rod 302, the Y-axis incident rod 303 and the Y-axis transmission rod 304 are all installed on the horizontal bracket 1 through support members.
所述Z轴冲击测试组件4包括竖直支架401，所述竖直支架401垂直贯穿所述水平支架1，所述水平支架1的中心开设有用于所述竖直支架401穿过的中心通孔。所述竖直支架401上安装有Z轴蓄能冲击杆405，Z轴蓄能冲击杆405与Z轴高压气泵404连接，且所述Z轴蓄能冲击杆405远离所述Z轴高压气泵404的一端连接有Z轴入射杆402，所述竖直支架401上还安装有Z轴透射杆403。The Z-axis impact test assembly 4 includes a vertical bracket 401, and the vertical bracket 401 vertically penetrates the horizontal bracket 1. The center of the horizontal bracket 1 is provided with a central through hole for the vertical bracket 401 to pass through. A Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 is installed on the vertical bracket 401, and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 is connected to a Z-axis high-pressure air pump 404, and the end of the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 away from the Z-axis high-pressure air pump 404 is connected to a Z-axis incident rod 402, and a Z-axis transmission rod 403 is also installed on the vertical bracket 401.
所述竖直支架401包括四个立柱4011，且所述竖直支架401的顶部设有竖直液压升降台7，所述竖直液压升降台7与Z轴入射杆402连接，通过竖直液压升降台7调整Z轴入射杆402的高度，便于对试样9进行安装固定，同时还可以通过竖直液压升降台7对Z轴入射杆402的重力影响进行消除。所述竖直支架401的底部设有用于沿Z轴方向提供预应力载荷的Z轴预加载装置8，所述Z轴预加载装置8与所述Z轴透射杆403连接，试样9沿Z轴方向的两个面位于Z轴入射杆402和Z轴透射杆403之间。The vertical support 401 includes four columns 4011, and a vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7 is provided at the top of the vertical support 401. The vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7 is connected to the Z-axis incident rod 402. The height of the Z-axis incident rod 402 is adjusted by the vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7, which is convenient for installing and fixing the sample 9. At the same time, the gravity effect of the Z-axis incident rod 402 can also be eliminated by the vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7. A Z-axis preloading device 8 for providing a prestressed load along the Z-axis direction is provided at the bottom of the vertical support 401. The Z-axis preloading device 8 is connected to the Z-axis transmission rod 403. The two surfaces of the sample 9 along the Z-axis direction are located between the Z-axis incident rod 402 and the Z-axis transmission rod 403.
更加具体的，所述竖直液压升降台7包括Z轴液压泵701，所述Z轴液压泵701位于四个所述立柱4011的顶部，且所述Z轴液压泵701上对称连接有四个第一液压伸缩臂702，所述Z轴蓄能冲击杆405位于四个第一液压伸缩臂702围成的空间内。四个所述第一液压伸缩臂702的端部连接有同一个第一工作台703，第一工作台703卡设在四个立柱4011之间，且可以沿着立柱4011的轴向上下移动，通过Z轴液压泵701内液压油的压力调节第一液压伸缩臂702的长度，从而可以调节第一工作台703的位置。四个所述第一液压伸缩臂702围成的空间内侧还设有升降台704，所述升降台704与所述第一工作台703相互平行，且所述升降台704与所述第一工作台703之间通过多根第一弹簧705连接；所述Z轴入射杆402与所述升降台704固定连接，且所述Z轴入射杆402的顶部贯穿所述升降台704后与Z轴蓄能冲击杆405连接，Z轴入射杆402的底端贯穿所述第一工作台703，但与第一工作台703不固定。在测试之前，Z轴入射杆402和Z轴透射杆403与试样9沿Z轴方向的两个面粘接固定，使得升降台704、Z轴入射杆402和试样9形成一个整体的结构，通过Z轴液压泵701带动第一液压伸缩臂702伸缩，从而使得第一弹簧705受到不同程度的压缩，可以在Z轴入射杆402不被刚性固定的前提下消除Z轴入射杆402重力的影响，避免了对实验结果造成影响。More specifically, the vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7 includes a Z-axis hydraulic pump 701, which is located at the top of the four columns 4011, and four first hydraulic telescopic arms 702 are symmetrically connected to the Z-axis hydraulic pump 701, and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 is located in the space surrounded by the four first hydraulic telescopic arms 702. The ends of the four first hydraulic telescopic arms 702 are connected to the same first workbench 703, which is clamped between the four columns 4011 and can move up and down along the axial direction of the columns 4011. The length of the first hydraulic telescopic arm 702 is adjusted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the Z-axis hydraulic pump 701, so that the position of the first workbench 703 can be adjusted. A lifting platform 704 is also provided inside the space surrounded by the four first hydraulic telescopic arms 702. The lifting platform 704 is parallel to the first workbench 703, and the lifting platform 704 and the first workbench 703 are connected by multiple first springs 705; the Z-axis incident rod 402 is fixedly connected to the lifting platform 704, and the top of the Z-axis incident rod 402 passes through the lifting platform 704 and is connected to the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405, and the bottom end of the Z-axis incident rod 402 passes through the first workbench 703, but is not fixed to the first workbench 703. Before the test, the Z-axis incident rod 402 and the Z-axis transmission rod 403 are bonded and fixed to the two surfaces of the sample 9 along the Z-axis direction, so that the lifting platform 704, the Z-axis incident rod 402 and the sample 9 form an integral structure, and the first hydraulic telescopic arm 702 is driven to extend and retract by the Z-axis hydraulic pump 701, so that the first spring 705 is compressed to different degrees, which can eliminate the influence of the gravity of the Z-axis incident rod 402 without being rigidly fixed, thereby avoiding affecting the experimental results.
需要说明的是，X轴预加载装置5、Y轴预加载装置6和Z轴预加载装置8的结构相同，只是设置方向不同。以X轴预加载装置5为例，X轴预加载装置5包括预加载液压泵501，所述预加载液压泵501上连接有四个第二液压伸缩臂502，四个所述第二液压伸缩臂502的端部连接有同一个第二工作台503，通过预加载液压泵501内液压油的压力调节第二液压伸缩臂502的长度，从而可以调节第二工作台503的位置，为了便于安装，在所述预加载液压泵501上安装有四个安装块504，四个安装块504用于将预加载液压泵501稳定的安装在水平支架1上。所述第二工作台503远离所述第二液压伸缩臂502的一侧面上对称设有多组第二弹簧505，所述第二弹簧505远离所述第二工作台503的一端连接有预加载台506，第二弹簧505在第二工作台503和预加载台506之间呈圆周阵列分布，共六组，X轴透射杆204与所述预加载台506固定连接。由于在测试之前，试样9沿X轴的两个侧面需要与X轴入射杆203和X轴透射杆204连接，因此，试样9 、X轴透射杆204和预加载台506是一个整体的结构，在第二液压伸缩臂502伸长时，第二工作台503朝着靠近预加载台506的方向移动，第二弹簧505由平衡状态受到挤压，从而对预加载台506、X轴透射杆204和试样9施加一个静压，且随着第二液压伸缩臂502的伸长，施加给试样9的预应力载荷越大，随着第二液压伸缩臂502的缩短，第二弹簧505逐渐恢复形变，试样9受到的预应力载荷逐渐减小，从而可以实现在X轴透射杆204不被刚性固定的前提下，对试样9施加不同大小轴向预应力荷载，且不会影响冲击动载的加载。It should be noted that the structures of the X-axis preloading device 5, the Y-axis preloading device 6 and the Z-axis preloading device 8 are the same, but the setting directions are different. Taking the X-axis preloading device 5 as an example, the X-axis preloading device 5 includes a preloading hydraulic pump 501, and the preloading hydraulic pump 501 is connected to four second hydraulic telescopic arms 502, and the ends of the four second hydraulic telescopic arms 502 are connected to the same second workbench 503. The length of the second hydraulic telescopic arms 502 is adjusted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the preloading hydraulic pump 501, so that the position of the second workbench 503 can be adjusted. In order to facilitate installation, four mounting blocks 504 are installed on the preloading hydraulic pump 501, and the four mounting blocks 504 are used to stably mount the preloading hydraulic pump 501 on the horizontal bracket 1. A plurality of groups of second springs 505 are symmetrically arranged on a side surface of the second workbench 503 away from the second hydraulic telescopic arm 502. One end of the second spring 505 away from the second workbench 503 is connected to a preloading platform 506. The second springs 505 are distributed in a circular array between the second workbench 503 and the preloading platform 506, with a total of six groups. The X-axis transmission rod 204 is fixedly connected to the preloading platform 506. Because before the test, the two sides of the sample 9 along the X-axis need to be connected to the X-axis incident rod 203 and the X-axis transmission rod 204, the sample 9, the X-axis transmission rod 204 and the preloading platform 506 are an integral structure. When the second hydraulic telescopic arm 502 is extended, the second workbench 503 moves toward the direction close to the preloading platform 506, and the second spring 505 is squeezed from the equilibrium state, thereby applying a static pressure to the preloading platform 506, the X-axis transmission rod 204 and the sample 9. As the second hydraulic telescopic arm 502 is extended, the prestressed load applied to the sample 9 becomes larger. As the second hydraulic telescopic arm 502 is shortened, the second spring 505 gradually recovers its deformation, and the prestressed load on the sample 9 gradually decreases. Therefore, it is possible to apply axial prestressed loads of different sizes to the sample 9 without affecting the loading of the impact dynamic load under the premise that the X-axis transmission rod 204 is not rigidly fixed.
本实施例中三维方向分离式霍普金森压杆冲击测试装置的使用原理为：使用时，将立方体的试样9沿X轴方向的两个面粘接固定在X轴入射杆203和X轴透射杆204之间，沿Y轴方向的两个面粘接固定在Y轴入射杆303和Y轴透射杆304之间，沿Z轴方向的两个面粘接固定在Z轴入射杆402和Z轴透射杆403之间（此时需要通过竖直液压升降台7调整Z轴入射杆402的高度从而便于对试样9进行安装），在动态冲击试验之前，分别通过X轴预加载装置5、Y轴预加载装置6和Z轴预加载装置8对试样9的X轴、Y轴和Z轴三轴方向上施加对应的静态预应力载荷，然后根据所要模拟的深层岩体应力场状态，通过X轴高压气泵201和X轴蓄能冲击杆202对试样9施加X轴方向的应力载荷，通过Y轴高压气泵301和Y轴蓄能冲击杆302对试样9施加Y轴方向的应力载荷，通过Z轴高压气泵404和Z轴蓄能冲击杆405对试样9施加Z轴方向的应力载荷。The use principle of the three-dimensional split Hopkinson pressure bar impact test device in this embodiment is as follows: when in use, the two surfaces of the cube sample 9 along the X-axis direction are bonded and fixed between the X-axis incident rod 203 and the X-axis transmission rod 204, the two surfaces along the Y-axis direction are bonded and fixed between the Y-axis incident rod 303 and the Y-axis transmission rod 304, and the two surfaces along the Z-axis direction are bonded and fixed between the Z-axis incident rod 402 and the Z-axis transmission rod 403 (at this time, the height of the Z-axis incident rod 402 needs to be adjusted by the vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7 to facilitate the installation of the sample 9). Before the dynamic impact test, , respectively apply corresponding static prestress loads to the sample 9 in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions through the X-axis preloading device 5, the Y-axis preloading device 6 and the Z-axis preloading device 8, and then, according to the deep rock stress field state to be simulated, apply stress load in the X-axis direction to the sample 9 through the X-axis high-pressure air pump 201 and the X-axis energy storage impact rod 202, apply stress load in the Y-axis direction to the sample 9 through the Y-axis high-pressure air pump 301 and the Y-axis energy storage impact rod 302, and apply stress load in the Z-axis direction to the sample 9 through the Z-axis high-pressure air pump 404 and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405.
Z轴高压气泵404和Z轴蓄能冲击杆405对试样9施加Z轴方向的应力载荷前，通过Z轴液压泵701带动第一液压伸缩臂702伸缩，从而使得第一弹簧705受到不同程度的压缩，可以在Z轴入射杆402不被刚性固定的前提下消除Z轴入射杆402重力的影响，避免了对实验结果造成影响。Before the Z-axis high-pressure air pump 404 and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 apply stress loads in the Z-axis direction to the sample 9, the Z-axis hydraulic pump 701 drives the first hydraulic telescopic arm 702 to extend and retract, so that the first spring 705 is compressed to different degrees. Under the premise that the Z-axis incident rod 402 is not rigidly fixed, the influence of the gravity of the Z-axis incident rod 402 can be eliminated, thereby avoiding the influence on the experimental results.
实施例二Embodiment 2
在实施例一的基础上，为了对Z轴入射杆402、Z轴透射杆403和Z轴蓄能冲击杆405进行竖直方向的校正，所述竖直支架401内还设有竖直校准装置10，如附图11-13所示。On the basis of the first embodiment, in order to calibrate the Z-axis incident rod 402, the Z-axis transmission rod 403 and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 in the vertical direction, a vertical calibration device 10 is further provided in the vertical bracket 401, as shown in Figures 11-13.
具体的，所述竖直校准装置10包括设置在每个所述立柱4011内底部的电机1001，每个所述电机1001的输出端均连接有滚珠丝杠1002，所述滚珠丝杠1002位于对应的立柱4011内，每个所述滚珠丝杠1002上均连接有与其相匹配的传动齿轮1003，在每个所述立柱4011内不同高度处均安装有次级传动齿轮1004，所述次级传动齿轮1004与所述传动齿轮1003相互啮合，且四个所述立柱4011上不同次级传动齿轮1004的安装高度均对应相同。所述传动齿轮1003的上下侧以及所述次级传动齿轮1004均为斜齿轮，该设计可以使传动齿轮1003在上行以及下行过程中遇见次级传动齿轮1004时，给予次级传动齿轮1004指向对应杆心的力。所述次级传动齿轮1004远离所述传动齿轮1003的一侧设有第三弹簧1005，所述第三弹簧1005远离所述次级传动齿轮1004的一端连接有凹槽块1006，凹槽块1006上连接有螺杆1007，每个所述螺杆1007的端部均连接有用于对对应竖直杆（包括Z轴入射杆402、Z轴透射杆403和Z轴蓄能冲击杆405）进行夹紧固定的滚轮1008，四个滚轮1008分别从对应的Z轴入射杆402、Z轴透射杆403或Z轴蓄能冲击杆405四周对其对应夹紧固定，Z轴入射杆402在竖直方向上由竖直液压升降台7固定，水平方向上由外围的一圈滚轮1008进行固定。Specifically, the vertical calibration device 10 includes a motor 1001 disposed at the bottom of each column 4011, and the output end of each motor 1001 is connected to a ball screw 1002, and the ball screw 1002 is located in the corresponding column 4011. Each ball screw 1002 is connected to a transmission gear 1003 matched therewith, and a secondary transmission gear 1004 is installed at different heights in each column 4011, and the secondary transmission gear 1004 is meshed with the transmission gear 1003, and the installation heights of different secondary transmission gears 1004 on the four columns 4011 are all the same. The upper and lower sides of the transmission gear 1003 and the secondary transmission gear 1004 are all helical gears. This design can give the secondary transmission gear 1004 a force pointing to the corresponding rod center when the transmission gear 1003 encounters the secondary transmission gear 1004 during the upward and downward processes. A third spring 1005 is provided on the side of the secondary transmission gear 1004 away from the transmission gear 1003, and a groove block 1006 is connected to the end of the third spring 1005 away from the secondary transmission gear 1004, and a screw 1007 is connected to the groove block 1006. The end of each screw 1007 is connected to a roller 1008 for clamping and fixing the corresponding vertical rod (including the Z-axis incident rod 402, the Z-axis transmission rod 403 and the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405). The four rollers 1008 clamp and fix the corresponding Z-axis incident rod 402, the Z-axis transmission rod 403 or the Z-axis energy storage impact rod 405 from all sides respectively. The Z-axis incident rod 402 is fixed in the vertical direction by the vertical hydraulic lifting platform 7, and in the horizontal direction by a circle of rollers 1008 on the outside.
本实施例中竖直校准装置10的使用原理为：电机1001工作带动滚珠丝杠1002转动，传动齿轮1003未与次级传动齿轮1004接触时，传动齿轮1003上部制动松开，自身不旋转，随着滚珠丝杠1002的顺时针旋转，传动齿轮1003上升，滚珠丝杠1002逆时针旋转，传动齿轮1003下降。当传动齿轮1003上行或者下行过程中遇见次级传动齿轮1004，给予传动齿轮1004指向杆心的力压缩第三弹簧1005，使次级传动齿轮1004收缩，从而让传动齿轮1003顺利通过。需要说明的是，传动齿轮1003上部分有一可控制的制动部分，因滚珠丝杠1002的特性，在制动部分夹紧时传动齿轮1003在同一水平高度上旋转，制动部分松开时传动齿轮1003沿着滚珠丝杠1002竖直移动。因此，当传动齿轮1003达到与次级传动齿轮1004啮合高度时上部制动部分夹紧，竖直高度不发生变化，随滚珠丝杠1002顺时针转动而顺时针旋转，从而使次级传动齿轮1004顺时针旋转；同理，传动齿轮1003随滚珠丝杠1002逆时针旋转而逆时针旋转，使次级传动齿轮1004逆时针旋转。由于次级传动齿轮1004与螺杆1007之间通过第三弹簧1005和凹槽块1006连接，因此次级传动齿轮1004转动时，会带动螺杆1007与之同步转动；螺杆1007顺时针转动时，滚轮1008向圆心移动；螺杆1007逆时针转动时，滚轮1008背对圆心移动。当传动齿轮1003和次级传动齿轮1004的相互配合对一个竖直杆进行校正完成之后，传动齿轮1003上部制动部分松开，传动齿轮1003随着滚珠丝杠1002的转动继续向上或者向下移动，对下一个竖直杆进行校正。The operating principle of the vertical calibration device 10 in this embodiment is as follows: the motor 1001 drives the ball screw 1002 to rotate, and when the transmission gear 1003 does not contact the secondary transmission gear 1004, the upper brake of the transmission gear 1003 is released, and the transmission gear 1003 does not rotate itself. As the ball screw 1002 rotates clockwise, the transmission gear 1003 rises, the ball screw 1002 rotates counterclockwise, and the transmission gear 1003 falls. When the transmission gear 1003 meets the secondary transmission gear 1004 during the upward or downward process, the force directed to the center of the rod of the transmission gear 1004 is applied to compress the third spring 1005, so that the secondary transmission gear 1004 contracts, thereby allowing the transmission gear 1003 to pass smoothly. It should be noted that there is a controllable braking part on the upper part of the transmission gear 1003. Due to the characteristics of the ball screw 1002, when the braking part is clamped, the transmission gear 1003 rotates at the same horizontal height, and when the braking part is released, the transmission gear 1003 moves vertically along the ball screw 1002. Therefore, when the transmission gear 1003 reaches the meshing height with the secondary transmission gear 1004, the upper brake part is clamped, the vertical height does not change, and the transmission gear 1003 rotates clockwise as the ball screw 1002 rotates clockwise, thereby causing the secondary transmission gear 1004 to rotate clockwise; similarly, the transmission gear 1003 rotates counterclockwise as the ball screw 1002 rotates counterclockwise, thereby causing the secondary transmission gear 1004 to rotate counterclockwise. Since the secondary transmission gear 1004 is connected to the screw rod 1007 through the third spring 1005 and the groove block 1006, when the secondary transmission gear 1004 rotates, it will drive the screw rod 1007 to rotate synchronously with it; when the screw rod 1007 rotates clockwise, the roller 1008 moves toward the center of the circle; when the screw rod 1007 rotates counterclockwise, the roller 1008 moves away from the center of the circle. When the transmission gear 1003 and the secondary transmission gear 1004 cooperate with each other to calibrate a vertical rod, the upper braking part of the transmission gear 1003 is released, and the transmission gear 1003 continues to move upward or downward with the rotation of the ball screw 1002 to calibrate the next vertical rod.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998026274A1 (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-18 | European Community | Split hopkinson bar testing apparatus |
| CN105716957A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Universal type true-triaxial static load pre-loading system for split Hopkinson pressure bar |
| CN109406312A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳大学 | True triaxial Hopkinson bar solid dynamic damage and ultrasonic wave propagate test method |
| CN113504131A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Test system and test method for testing II-type dynamic fracture toughness of rock under different normal stresses |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998026274A1 (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-18 | European Community | Split hopkinson bar testing apparatus |
| CN105716957A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Universal type true-triaxial static load pre-loading system for split Hopkinson pressure bar |
| CN109406312A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳大学 | True triaxial Hopkinson bar solid dynamic damage and ultrasonic wave propagate test method |
| CN113504131A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Test system and test method for testing II-type dynamic fracture toughness of rock under different normal stresses |
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