CN117845234A - Hydrogen production method from seawater - Google Patents
Hydrogen production method from seawater Download PDFInfo
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- CN117845234A CN117845234A CN202410119885.0A CN202410119885A CN117845234A CN 117845234 A CN117845234 A CN 117845234A CN 202410119885 A CN202410119885 A CN 202410119885A CN 117845234 A CN117845234 A CN 117845234A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/085—Removing impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing hydrogen by seawater, which comprises the following steps: a sea water desalination step, namely, sea water is conveyed to an ion filter layer, so that anion impurities in the sea water are attracted by a positive electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through an anion mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, cation impurities in the sea water are attracted by a negative electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through a cation mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, and fresh water is formed after the sea water passes through the ion filter layer; and in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, the fresh water is electrolyzed into protons and oxygen through an oxygen evolution electrode, and then the protons are transmitted to a hydrogen evolution electrode through a proton exchange membrane, so that hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode. The invention can improve the service life of equipment and the purity of hydrogen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, in particular to a method for producing hydrogen by seawater.
Background
Hydrogen is a secondary clean energy, is praised as an 'end of 21 st century energy', and is a clean energy which is accelerated to develop and utilize under the large background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, and the hydrogen preparation and production at the present stage almost completely depend on fossil fuel. With the increasing consumption of fossil fuels, the reserves are increasingly reduced, and these resources will be exhausted in the last day, so that a new hydrogen production energy source which does not depend on fossil fuels and has rich reserves needs to be searched, and the hydrogen production scheme with one of the most market prospects is water electrolysis hydrogen production.
At present, there are two types of water electrolysis to obtain hydrogen energy:
the method is to directly utilize fresh water resources such as river water, lake water and the like in nature to carry out electrolytic hydrogen production, and the report issued by WMO on global water resource status shows that the fresh water resources on the earth only account for 2.53 percent of the total water quantity, wherein 68.7 percent of the fresh water resources belong to solid glaciers, only 1 percent of the fresh water resources can be directly utilized, and about 0.026 percent of the fresh water resources belong to places where the fresh water is buried in the ground. Fresh water reserves only account for 2.53% of the total global water, and are distributed in mountain and north and south polar regions which are difficult to use. The fresh water which can be directly utilized by human beings accounts for only 0.3 percent of the total fresh water. Thus, fresh water resource hydrogen production faces the problem of water resource shortage.
The other is hydrogen production by seawater, wherein the seawater accounts for 96.5% of the total water content of the earth, and the seawater is very complex in composition and contains more than 90 chemical substances and elements unlike fresh water. The large amount of ions, microorganisms, particles and the like contained in the seawater can cause problems of side reaction competition, catalyst deactivation, membrane blockage and the like in the process of preparing hydrogen.
In order to produce hydrogen by using seawater, the current most mature technical route is to produce hydrogen by desalting the seawater and then electrolyzing the seawater by establishing a desalting treatment system at a coastline, and to establish a seawater desalting plant at the coast, thereby greatly improving the cost in the aspects of construction, operation, manpower, maintenance and the like; and the in-situ integrated ocean green hydrogen production system is difficult to be formed by large-scale utilization of offshore wind power coupling, and the stable storage of renewable energy sources, the construction of a multi-energy complementary energy source system and an offshore energy ecological floating island are difficult to realize. The technology seriously depends on large-scale desalting equipment, has complex process flow and occupies a large amount of land resources, and further increases the hydrogen production cost and the engineering construction difficulty.
The existing seawater hydrogen production technology, namely a seawater desalination-free in-situ direct electrolytic hydrogen production method, is characterized in that seawater passes through a solution mass transfer layer, the solution mass transfer layer blocks solid impurities in the seawater, the physical state of liquid, gas and liquid of the seawater is changed to pass through the solution mass transfer layer, ion impurities in the solution mass transfer layer are filtered, and then the solution mass transfer layer and electrolyte in an electrolytic tank form electrolyte to carry out electrolysis in an ion exchange mode, so that hydrogen and oxygen are generated.
The solution mass transfer layer is used for filtering impurities and ions in seawater, the efficiency is extremely low, the residue in filtered water is relatively large, and the water quality is poor. Moreover, the ion precipitation or marine microorganism growth barrier layer is easy to scale and block, which seriously affects the service life of the equipment;
the electrolyte and the filtered water form electrolyte in the electrolytic tank for electrolysis, and K2CO3, KOH, naOH, ca (OH) 2, na2CO3 and the like are used as the electrolyte in the prior art, the electrolyte is alkaline or acidic, and the service life of equipment is reduced and the cost is increased.
The hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the acidic or alkaline electrolyte has a large amount of residual alkaline or acidic gas, and the process difficulty is increased by secondary purification.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a seawater hydrogen production device, which solves at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the seawater hydrogen production method provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for producing hydrogen from seawater, comprising:
a sea water desalination step, namely, sea water is conveyed to an ion filter layer, so that anion impurities in the sea water are attracted by a positive electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through an anion mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, cation impurities in the sea water are attracted by a negative electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through a cation mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, and fresh water is formed after the sea water passes through the ion filter layer;
and in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, the fresh water is electrolyzed into protons and oxygen through an oxygen evolution electrode, and then the protons are transmitted to a hydrogen evolution electrode through a proton exchange membrane, so that hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode.
Preferably, a positive voltage of 1-100 VDC is provided to the positive electrode in the ion filter layer.
Preferably, the negative voltage is provided to the negative electrode in the ion filter layer at a voltage of 1 to 100 VDC.
Further, the cation transfer layer in the ion filter layer only allows cations to pass through.
Further, the anion transfer layer in the ion filter layer only allows anions to pass through.
Preferably, the voltage introduced by the oxygen evolution electrode is a positive voltage of 1-36V.
Preferably, the voltage introduced by the hydrogen evolution electrode is a negative voltage of 1-36V.
Further, the proton exchange membrane only allows protons to pass through.
Further, in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, as the electrolyzed fresh water is continuously consumed, in order to maintain the pressure difference, the fresh water is continuously supplemented by the ion filter layer, so that the electrolyte-free automatic electrolyte supplementing hydrogen production is formed.
Further, the catalyst is used to increase the electrolysis rate when hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode.
Further, the catalyst is incorporated into the hydrogen evolution electrode.
According to the embodiment of the seawater hydrogen production method, the ion filter layer is used for directly absorbing seawater, desalting and purifying ion impurities contained in the seawater, finally, electrolyte-free hydrogen production is carried out by means of a chemical principle of catalytic electrolysis, the seawater is captured through pressure difference of seawater, a complete seawater hydrogen production system is formed, the problems of low permeation filtration efficiency, poor water quality and short service life of equipment caused by electrolyte corrosion can be solved, alkaline or acid electrolyte is not needed to be formed, the purpose of directly producing hydrogen by using natural seawater can be achieved by using fresh water electrolyte, the problems of diaphragm failure, catalyst deactivation, low conversion efficiency, alkaline precipitation, toxic gas and the like of the device due to complex seawater components are solved, and in addition, the produced hydrogen has higher purity, and the specific beneficial effects are further analyzed as follows:
1. the seawater desalination step of the seawater hydrogen production method of the embodiment of the invention leads seawater to pass through the ion filter layer, so that the anionic impurities in the seawater are discharged after being absorbed by the positive electrode and permeate through the anionic mass transfer layer, and the cationic impurities are discharged after being absorbed by the negative electrode and permeate through the cationic mass transfer layer, and the seawater forms fresh water after passing through the ion filter layer.
2. The electrolytic hydrogen production step of the seawater hydrogen production method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of electrolyzing fresh water passing through the seawater filter layer into protons and oxygen through the oxygen-separating electrode, then transmitting the protons to the hydrogen-separating electrode through the proton exchange membrane, and reducing the protons on the hydrogen-separating electrode to generate hydrogen, wherein an electrolytic mode of the proton exchange membrane and the electrode is adopted, and electrolytes such as K2CO3, KOH, naOH, ca (OH) 2, na2CO3 and the like are not needed, so that the electrolyte is not alkaline or acidic, does not corrode equipment, is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the equipment and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment, and the purity of the generated hydrogen is far higher than that of the hydrogen generated by using the electrolyte for electrolysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for producing hydrogen from seawater in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of ion mass transfer removal of impurity ions in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of electrolytic hydrogen production in the apparatus of FIG. 2.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
100. a seawater inlet;
200. ion filter layer 201, positive electrode 202, anion mass transfer layer 203, cation mass transfer layer 204, negative electrode 205, concentrated water discharge 206;
300. electrolyte layer, 301. Proton exchange membrane, 302. Anode chamber, 303. Cathode chamber, 304. Hydrogen evolution electrode, 305. Hydrogen outlet, 306. Oxygen evolution electrode, 307. Oxygen outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects and technical solutions of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, left, right" and the like are used generally with respect to the orientation shown in the drawings or with respect to the orientation of the component itself in terms of vertical, vertical or gravitational force; also, for ease of understanding and description, "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the profile of each component itself, but the above-mentioned orientation terms are not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to the present invention, please refer to fig. 1, which includes:
a sea water desalination step, namely, sea water is conveyed to an ion filter layer, so that anion impurities in the sea water are attracted by a positive electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through an anion mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, cation impurities in the sea water are attracted by a negative electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through a cation mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, and the sea water is light after passing through the ion filter layer;
and in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, fresh water is electrolyzed into protons and oxygen through an oxygen evolution electrode, and then the protons are transmitted to a hydrogen evolution electrode through a proton exchange membrane, and the protons are reduced on the hydrogen evolution electrode to generate hydrogen.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for use in the seawater hydrogen production process of the present invention, wherein 100 is a seawater inlet port, and the apparatus comprises:
the ion filter layer 200 is internally provided with a positive electrode 201, at least one group of anion mass transfer layer 202, a cation mass transfer layer 203, a negative electrode 204, concentrated water 205 positioned at two sides of the anion mass transfer layer 202 and the cation mass transfer layer 203 and fresh water 206 positioned between the anion mass transfer layer 202 and the cation mass transfer layer 203 in sequence;
the built-in electrolyte 300 is divided into an anode chamber 302 and a cathode chamber 303 by a proton exchange membrane 301, the anode chamber 302 and the cathode chamber 303 are connected with a fresh water channel 301, a hydrogen evolution electrode 304 and a hydrogen outlet 305 are arranged in the cathode chamber 303, and an oxygen evolution electrode 306 and an oxygen outlet 307 are arranged in the anode chamber 302.
According to the embodiment of the seawater hydrogen production method, the ion filter layer is used for directly absorbing seawater, the ionic impurities contained in the seawater are desalted and purified, finally, electrolyte-free hydrogen production is carried out by means of the chemical principle of catalytic electrolysis, the seawater is captured through the pressure difference of seawater, a complete seawater hydrogen production system is formed, the problems of short equipment life caused by poor water quality and electrolyte corrosion due to low permeation filtration efficiency can be solved, alkaline or acid electrolyte is not needed to be formed by using electrolyte, the purpose of directly producing hydrogen by using natural seawater can be achieved by using fresh water electrolyte, the problems of device diaphragm failure, low catalyst deactivation and conversion efficiency, alkaline precipitation, toxic gas and the like due to complex seawater components are solved, and in addition, the purity of the produced hydrogen is higher.
The seawater desalination step of the seawater hydrogen production method of the embodiment of the invention leads seawater to pass through the ion filter layer, so that the anionic impurities in the seawater are discharged after being absorbed by the positive electrode and permeate through the anionic mass transfer layer, and the cationic impurities are discharged after being absorbed by the negative electrode and permeate through the cationic mass transfer layer, and fresh water is formed after the seawater passes through the ion filter layer, thus fundamentally solving the problem of blocking equipment by ion precipitation compared with the seawater desalination scheme of ion interception.
The electrolytic hydrogen production step of the seawater hydrogen production method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of electrolyzing fresh water into protons and oxygen through the oxygen evolution electrode, transmitting the protons to the hydrogen evolution electrode through the proton exchange membrane, reducing the protons on the hydrogen evolution electrode to generate hydrogen, and adopting the electrolytic mode of the proton exchange membrane and the electrode, and the electrolyte such as K2CO3, KOH, naOH, ca (OH) 2, na2CO3 and the like is not needed, so that the electrolyte is not alkaline or acidic, does not corrode equipment, is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the equipment and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment, and the purity of the generated hydrogen is far higher than that of the hydrogen generated by using the electrolyte for electrolysis.
The method for producing hydrogen by using seawater according to the embodiment of the invention does not need to convey seawater to a set place, and is further described below by combining the equipment of fig. 2:
a sea water desalination step, in which sea water directly contacts an ion filter layer 200, positive voltage is provided for a positive electrode 201 of the ion filter layer 200, negative voltage is provided for a negative electrode 204, anion impurities in sea water are discharged from 205 after being absorbed by the positive electrode 201 and permeate an anion mass transfer layer 203, cation impurities are discharged from 205 after being absorbed by the negative electrode 204 and permeate a cation mass transfer layer 203, fresh water is obtained after sea water passes through the ion filter layer 200, the working principle of the sea water desalination step can be seen in fig. 3, wherein one specific implementation mode of the anion mass transfer layer 202 and the cation mass transfer layer 203 comprises a plurality of groups, the anion mass transfer layer 202 and the cation mass transfer layer 203 are mutually arranged at intervals and fixed by using high polymer resin, the specific structure is shown in fig. 3, the anion mass transfer layer 202 and the cation mass transfer layer 203 comprise three groups, the thickness of the anion mass transfer layer is preferably 0.001 um-10000 um, and the thickness of the cation mass transfer layer is preferably 0.001 um-10000 um;
the water quality comparison test of the seawater desalination scheme and other seawater desalination schemes in the embodiment is as follows:
in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, positive voltage is introduced to the oxygen evolution electrode 306, negative voltage is introduced to the hydrogen evolution electrode 304, fresh water enters the built-in electrolyte 300, water molecules are decomposed into protons and oxygen through the electrolysis of the oxygen evolution electrode 306 in the anode chamber 302, the oxygen is collected through the oxygen outlet 307, then the protons are transmitted to the cathode chamber 303 through the proton exchange membrane 301, hydrogen is generated through reduction on the hydrogen evolution electrode 304, and the hydrogen is collected through the hydrogen outlet 305, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
anode chamber: 2H (H) 2 O-4e-＝O 2 ↑+4H+；
Cathode chamber:4H++4e-＝2H 2 ↑；
the working principle of the step can be seen in a schematic diagram of electrolytic hydrogen production of an internal electrolyte layer in FIG. 4, the hydrogen evolution electrode material is preferably Pt, or Ir, or Ru, or binary alloy of any two of Pt, ir and Ru, or ternary alloy of Pt, ir and Ru, a catalyst can be doped in the hydrogen evolution electrode material for improving the electrolytic rate, the catalyst is preferably Ru, or RuO2 prepared by thermal oxidation, and the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen evolution electrode material can be further improved by adopting RuO2 as the catalyst;
the hydrogen production scheme of this embodiment has the following advantages compared with other hydrogen production schemes:
in the electrolytic hydrogen production process of the electrolytic hydrogen production step, as the water in the built-in electrolyte 300 is continuously consumed by electrolysis, in order to maintain the pressure difference, the seawater continuously enters the built-in electrolyte 300 through the ion filter layer 200 to be supplemented, so as to form an automatic electrolyte supplementing hydrogen production system.
Preferably, the positive electrode in the ion filter layer is provided with a positive voltage of 1-100 VDC.
Preferably, the negative electrode in the ion filter layer is provided with a negative voltage of 1 to 100 VDC.
Further, the cation transfer layer in the ion filter layer allows only cations to pass through.
Further, the anion-transfer layer in the ion filter layer allows only anions to pass through.
Preferably, the oxygen evolution electrode is supplied with a positive voltage of 1-36V.
Preferably, the hydrogen evolution electrode is supplied with a negative voltage of 1 to 36V.
Further, proton exchange membranes allow only protons to pass through.
Further, in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, as the electrolyzed fresh water is continuously consumed, in order to maintain the pressure difference, the fresh water is continuously supplemented by the seawater through the ion filter layer, so that the electrolyte-free automatic electrolyte supplementing hydrogen production is formed.
Further, the catalyst is used to increase the rate of electrolysis when hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode.
Further, a catalyst is incorporated into the hydrogen evolution electrode.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and it should be particularly pointed out that the above embodiments should not be construed as limiting the invention, but that several modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for producing hydrogen from seawater, comprising:
a sea water desalination step, namely, sea water is conveyed to an ion filter layer, so that anion impurities in the sea water are attracted by a positive electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through an anion mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, cation impurities in the sea water are attracted by a negative electrode in the ion filter layer, discharged after passing through a cation mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer, and fresh water is formed after the sea water passes through the ion filter layer;
and in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, the fresh water is electrolyzed into protons and oxygen through an oxygen evolution electrode, and then the protons are transmitted to a hydrogen evolution electrode through a proton exchange membrane, so that hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode.
2. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: and a positive voltage of 1-100 VDC is provided for the positive electrode in the ion filter layer.
3. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: and a negative voltage of 1-100 VDC is provided to the negative electrode in the ion filter layer.
4. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: the cation transfer layer in the ion filter layer only allows cations to pass through.
5. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: the anion mass transfer layer in the ion filter layer only allows anions to pass through.
6. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage introduced by the oxygen evolution electrode is a positive voltage of 1-36V.
7. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage introduced by the hydrogen evolution electrode is a negative voltage of 1-36V.
8. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: the proton exchange membrane only allows protons to pass through.
9. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of electrolytic hydrogen production, along with continuous consumption of electrolyzed fresh water, in order to maintain pressure difference, the fresh water is continuously supplemented by the seawater through the ion filter layer, so that the electrolyte-free automatic electrolyte supplementing hydrogen production is formed.
10. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and when hydrogen is generated on the hydrogen evolution electrode, the catalyst is utilized to improve the electrolysis rate.
11. The method for producing hydrogen from seawater as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the catalyst is incorporated into the hydrogen evolution electrode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410119885.0A CN117845234A (en) | 2024-01-29 | 2024-01-29 | Hydrogen production method from seawater |
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