CN117843321A - Water filtering concrete suitable for water taking structure of silt-rich river infiltration trench and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water filtering concrete suitable for water taking structure of silt-rich river infiltration trench and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117843321A CN117843321A CN202410039342.8A CN202410039342A CN117843321A CN 117843321 A CN117843321 A CN 117843321A CN 202410039342 A CN202410039342 A CN 202410039342A CN 117843321 A CN117843321 A CN 117843321A
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water filtering concrete suitable for a water taking structure of a water seepage channel of a sediment-laden river and a preparation method thereof, 1m 3 The water filtering concrete comprises the following components: 350-450kg of cementing material, 700-950kg of coarse aggregate, 600-800kg of fine aggregate, 95-135kg of water, 5-7kg of water reducer, 1-2kg of modified material and water-cement ratio=0.26-0.32. The prepared water filtering concrete not only can enable the water taking structure of the seepage channel to meet the requirement of the filtering effect of the sediment-rich river, but also has high filtering capacity and large water intake, can meet the requirement of engineering construction water taking, and can enable the water taking structure of the seepage channel to have good anti-blocking performance, thereby prolonging the service life of the water taking system of the seepage channel; in addition, in situThe aggregate of the water filtering concrete prepared by the materials not only solves the problem of shortage of natural aggregate in plain areas, but also expands the recycling utilization way of silt, thereby being beneficial to ecological protection and high-quality development of silt-rich river basins.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to water filtering concrete suitable for a water taking structure of a water seepage channel of a sediment-laden river and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The construction water supply system is one of the earliest projects of hydraulic engineering and is also a key technical difficulty for restricting the construction cost and operation of the hydraulic engineering, and the construction water supply system has strict regulations and restrictions on water quality, particularly sediment content. However, the sediment content of the sediment-rich river is high, the grain size is small, and the impurities are more, so how to effectively treat the sediment-rich river for a long time is the key to whether the construction water intake is successful or not.
At present, the water intake method in hydraulic engineering is commonly used in the water intake of the infiltration trench, and the permeability of the infiltration trench structure is the key of water intake. In engineering, concrete with a smaller water permeability coefficient is often adopted as a filter layer of a seepage channel structure so as to improve the filtering effect on sediment. However, on one hand, the water permeability coefficient of the concrete filter layer in the prior art is low, the water filtering effect is poor, the requirement of the construction water intake cannot be met, and the construction water supply is insufficient easily caused; on the other hand, the concrete filter layer is easy to be influenced by sediment accumulation, namely, the pores are easy to be blocked by sediment, so that the water filtering performance and the service life of the seepage channel filter system are greatly reduced.
How to improve the water filtering performance of the concrete filter layer and effectively reduce the accumulation and blockage of sediment becomes the key of water getting success and failure of a seepage channel of a sediment-laden river. A water filtering concrete with specific mixing proportion is provided. Unlike common concrete, the concrete has a 'skeleton-pore' structure, the coarse aggregate has a high proportion, and usually adopts coarse aggregate with single particle size or gap grading, and the fine aggregate has a small proportion or no proportion, so that the coarse aggregate can be regarded as a skeleton structure formed by mutually adhering slurry wrapped on the surface, and the rest space is a pore structure.
At present, the permeable concrete is mainly applied to municipal engineering, road engineering, underground construction engineering and various novel sports fields, and the precedents and research results of the permeable concrete for filtering sediment are not seen. The porous aperture of the pervious concrete is large, the infiltration diameter of the pervious concrete is mainly larger than 0.05mm, and the filtration requirement of sediment below the 0.05mm particle size of the sediment-laden river cannot be met. The data show that about 80% of sediment in sediment-laden rivers need to be filtered have a particle size below 0.05 mm. The existing permeable concrete cannot effectively filter sediment particles with the particle size of less than 0.05mm, so that the application of the permeable concrete in a water taking structure of a sediment-laden river infiltration trench is limited. Therefore, the key for realizing water intake of the seepage channel of the sediment-laden river is that under the condition of researching the mixing proportion of concrete, fine-particle sediment in the sediment-laden river, especially sediment with the grain size of less than 0.05mm, can be effectively filtered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a water filtering concrete suitable for a water taking structure of a silt-bearing river infiltration trench and a preparation method thereof. The prepared water filtering concrete not only can enable the water taking structure of the seepage channel to meet the requirement of the filtering effect of the sediment-rich river, but also has high filtering capacity and large water intake, can meet the requirement of engineering construction water taking, and can enable the water taking structure of the seepage channel to have good anti-blocking performance, thereby improving the service life of the water taking system of the seepage channel. In addition, the aggregate of the water filtering concrete prepared by local materials not only solves the problem of shortage of natural aggregate in plain areas, but also expands the recycling utilization way of silt, thereby being beneficial to ecological protection and high-quality development of the river basin with a plurality of silt.
The invention relates to a water filtering concrete suitable for a water taking structure of a water seepage channel of a sediment-laden river, which is 1m 3 The water filtering concrete comprises the following components: 350-450kg of cementing material, 700-950kg of coarse aggregate, 600-800kg of fine aggregate, 95-135kg of water, 5-7kg of water reducer, 1-2kg of modified material and water-cement ratio=0.26-0.32.
Optionally, the cementing material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75% of cement, 20-25% of fly ash and 5-10% of kaolin. The cement is ordinary Portland cement (P.O42.5), the fly ash is class II fly ash, and the kaolin is 325 mesh coal series metakaolin; on a microscopic level, the micro-aggregate effect of the fly ash and the kaolin optimizes the grain composition of a cementing material system; the pozzolanic effect of the fly ash and the kaolin increases the secondary hydration products of the cementing material system, can refine the pore size of the concrete pores, and can further optimize the pore structure of the concrete by the super-superposition effect of the fly ash and the kaolin. On the macroscopic level, the mechanical property, impact resistance and wear resistance of the concrete can be improved by adding fly ash and kaolin; on the other hand, the phenomenon of sinking and blocking holes due to segregation of the concrete mixture can be effectively prevented, the water filtering capacity of the concrete is improved, and the service life of the water taking structure of the seepage channel is prolonged.
Optionally, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are silt aggregates prepared manually, the particle size of the coarse aggregate is 5mm-10mm, and the fine aggregate consists of two particle sizes: 1.25mm-2.5mm and 2.5mm-5mm, the mass ratio of 1.25mm-2.5mm to 2.5mm-5mm particle size aggregate is 3:2.
the coarse aggregate plays a role of a framework in the water filtering concrete, so that the coarse aggregate has larger porosity and water permeability while ensuring the mechanical property of the concrete. The maximum difference with the permeable concrete technology is that the water filtering concrete contains a large amount of fine aggregate, which accounts for 40% -50% of the total mass of the aggregate, so that the number of macropore pores in the water filtering concrete can be greatly reduced, the pore diameter of the macropore pores is thinned, the filtering capability of sediment with the grain diameter of less than 0.05mm is enhanced, and the water taking effect of a seepage channel structure is ensured.
Alternatively, 1m 3 The silt aggregate comprises: 200kg of cement, 100kg of slag powder, 200kg of fly ash, 40kg of fiber, 5.5kg of water reducer, 200kg of alkali activator, 125kg of water and 1350kg of sediment.
The silt aggregate is prepared by taking cement, slag powder and fly ash as cementing materials, taking fiber as reinforcing materials, taking a water reducing agent and an alkali excitant as regulators, adding water and mixing and stirring the mixture uniformly; shaping by adopting a secondary short vibration mode, preparing a 150mm cube test piece, carrying out standard curing in a curing box, removing a mold after 28d of curing, and crushing into aggregate with the particle size of 1.25mm-10mm on a crusher; screening and shaping to obtain coarse aggregate and fine aggregate with corresponding grading.
The silt aggregate prepared by the mass meter component provided by the invention has more excellent compressive strength and cylinder pressure intensity, and can also effectively reduce interface problems, thereby improving the mechanical property and durability of the water filtering concrete. The cement is ordinary Portland cement (P.O42.5), and the fineness of slag powder is 4000cm 2 The fly ash is II-level fly ash, the fiber is alkali-resistant glass chopped fiber, the water reducer is naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer, the alkali-activator is water glass with the modulus of 1.5-4 and the solid content of 20-40%, the median particle diameter (D50) of the sediment is not more than 200 mu m, and the SiO is 2 The content is not less than 60%.
Optionally, the water reducer is a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer, the pH value of the water reducer is 8+/-1, the water reducing rate is 15% -25%, and the bleeding rate ratio is less than or equal to 40%. The naphthalene-based superplasticizer is added into a concrete system and can be adsorbed on the surfaces of cementing material particles; when the water reducer molecules are dissolved, a part of the water reducer molecules are re-adsorbed on the generated hydration product, which slows down the process of converting the hydration product from an amorphous gel state to a crystalline state; as hydration continues, the water reducer molecules will make the crystal length larger, thereby reducing the total porosity and the number of macropores of the concrete and improving the pore structure of the concrete.
Optionally, the modifying material is a composite additive of a surfactant and a dispersant. The modified material comprises 85-90% of surfactant and 10-15% of dispersing agent by mass percent.
Optionally, the surfactant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 to 5:4 with hexadecyl sulfobetaine; the dispersing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-2: 5 and talcum powder modified particles. The components in the modified material are mutually matched and synergistically act, so that the phenomenon of sedimentation and hole blocking of concrete can be effectively prevented, the pore structure of the concrete is optimized, the sediment filtering capability of the concrete is improved, sediment can be effectively prevented from adhering to the pores, and the anti-blocking performance of the concrete pores is improved.
The hexadecyl sulfobetaine is a zwitterionic surfactant, the sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, and the two are obviously synergistic. The mechanism of the synergistic effect is as follows: the electrostatic attraction effect exists between the positive charge of the hexadecyl sulfobetaine hydrophilic group and the negative charge of the dodecyl sodium sulfate hydrophilic group, and the electrostatic attraction effect mainly generates competitive adsorption at the interface, so that the surface activity of the compound system is enhanced, and the compound system is promoted to form a tighter adsorption film on the gas-liquid surface.
The styrene-acrylic emulsion is prepared by taking styrene and butyl acrylate as polymerizable monomers, taking small-molecule organosilicon and vinyl macromolecular organosilicon prepolymer emulsion as grafted organosilicon and adopting a monomer drop polymerization method; the talcum powder modified particle adopts titanate coupling agent to carry out surface modification treatment on talcum powder, wherein the surface modification treatment is that alkoxy groups in the titanate coupling agent are chemically combined with the surface of inorganic powder, and an organic active monomolecular layer is formed between an inorganic substance and an organic substance interface. The dispersing agent adopts the styrene-acrylic emulsion and talcum powder modified particles to be mixed, the principle is that the styrene-acrylic emulsion mainly plays a role of uniformly dispersing concrete slurry, the talcum powder modified particles are physically dispersed and filled between concrete pores to prevent the aggregation of cementing material particles, and the purposes of ensuring the stability and uniform dispersion of the concrete slurry and optimizing the pore structure of the concrete slurry can be achieved under the cooperation of the styrene-acrylic emulsion and the talcum powder modified particles.
The preparation method of the water filtering concrete suitable for the water taking structure of the water seepage channel of the sediment-laden river is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): weighing the raw materials according to the mass of the raw materials designed by the mixing proportion of the filtered concrete;
step (2): adding 5% -10% of water into water, and stirring in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 100r/min for at least 30s;
step (3): taking 10% -20% of water, sequentially adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyl sulfobetaine in a surfactant into the water, and stirring for at least 60s in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 200 r/min;
step (4): sequentially adding the styrene-acrylic emulsion and talcum powder modified particles in the dispersing agent into the surfactant solution in the step (3), and stirring for at least 30s in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 150 r/min;
step (5): sequentially adding the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a forced stirrer, and stirring for at least 60s;
step (6): adding the rest of water into the mixture in the step (5), and stirring for at least 120s;
step (7): and (3) sequentially adding the water reducing agent solution in the step (2) and the modified material solution in the step (4) into the slurry in the step (6), and stirring for at least 120s until the mixture is uniformly mixed.
The above steps are all carried out under normal pressure. The preparation method can improve the uniformity of the filtered concrete slurry in the aggregate interface area and enhance the bonding strength between the aggregate and the slurry, thereby exerting the mechanical property and the durability of the filtered concrete to the maximum extent and further improving the service life of the infiltration trench filtering system.
The invention has the advantages that,
(1) Compared with the pervious concrete technology in the prior art, the composition design that the pervious concrete material does not contain or contains a small amount of fine aggregate is changed, and the pervious concrete contains a large amount of fine aggregate components, so that the number of macropore pores in the concrete is reduced, the pore diameter is thinned, the capability of filtering sediment with the particle size of less than 0.05mm is enhanced, and the drainage effect of a water intake structure of a seepage channel is ensured.
(2) Compared with the common concrete technology, the water filtering concrete material provided by the invention contains the modified material, and all components in the modified material are mutually matched and cooperate, so that the phenomenon of sedimentation and hole blocking of concrete can be effectively prevented, the pore structure of the concrete is optimized, sediment can be effectively prevented from adhering in the pores, the anti-blocking performance of the pores of the concrete is improved, and the service life of the water intake structure of a seepage channel is prolonged.
(3) The water filtering concrete adopts the artificially prepared sediment aggregate to replace the natural aggregate, and the sediment in the sediment-rich river is used for preparing the aggregate, so that the consumption of natural stone is reduced, the problem of shortage of the natural aggregate in plain areas is solved, and a new way is provided for recycling the sediment.
(4) The preparation method of the water filtering concrete can not only improve the mechanical property and the durability of the water filtering concrete and achieve the aim of taking water in a high-flow and long-term manner in a sediment-rich river, but also has the advantages of no need of changing the original equipment system and no need of adding new equipment in the preparation process of the water filtering concrete, and is simple and easy to implement.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a drainage concrete suitable for a water intake structure of a silt-rich river infiltration trench, which comprises the following components in mass: cementing material 350-450kg/m 3 Coarse aggregate 700-950kg/m 3 600-800kg/m of fine aggregate 3 95-135kg/m of water 3 5-7kg/m of water reducing agent 3 Modified material 1-2kg/m 3 Water to gel ratio=0.26-0.32.
The cementing material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75% of cement, 20-25% of fly ash and 5-10% of kaolin.
The coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are silt aggregates prepared manually, the particle size of the coarse aggregate is 5mm-10mm, the fine aggregate consists of two particle sizes, namely 1.25mm-2.5mm and 2.5mm-5mm, and the mass ratio of the 1.25mm-2.5mm to the 2.5mm-5mm particle size aggregates is 3:2.
the silt aggregate consists of the following components in mass: cement 200kg/m 3 100kg/m slag powder 3 200kg/m fly ash 3 40kg/m of fiber 3 5.5kg/m water reducing agent 3 Alkali activator 200kg/m 3 125kg/m of water 3 1350kg/m of sediment 3 。
The water reducer is naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer, the pH value of the water reducer is 8+/-1, the water reducing rate is 15% -25%, and the bleeding rate ratio is less than or equal to 40%.
The modified material comprises 85-90% of surfactant and 10-15% of dispersing agent by mass percent.
The surfactant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 to 5:4 with hexadecyl sulfobetaine; the dispersing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-2: 5 and talcum powder modified particles.
Four examples and four comparative examples are used below for testing the performance of the water-filtering concretes of the present application. The water-filtering concretes described in examples 1 to 4 and the concrete raw materials described in comparative examples 1 to 4 were used as follows:
and (3) cement: p.o42.5 cement manufactured by tianrui cement limited company of zheng state;
fly ash: class II fly ash produced by Danyang mineral powder limited company of Job city;
kaolin: coal-based metakaolin produced by Shanxi ju Feng Gaoling soil Co., ltd;
water reducing agent: FDN-C type naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer produced by Shandong Wan mountain chemical industry Co., ltd;
sodium dodecyl sulfate: SDS (analytically pure) manufactured by national pharmaceutical group chemical company, inc;
cetyl sulfobetaine: HDPS (purity > 99%) produced by the chemical reagent company, belvedere;
styrene-acrylic emulsion: SAE manufactured by montai wei construction materials limited company;
talcum powder modified particles: SH-G100 talcum powder produced by Hubei new four-sea chemical industry Co., ltd;
water: the test water is tap water, and the performance index detection result accords with the specification in the hydraulic concrete construction Specification (SL 677-2014).
The silt aggregate is prepared by taking cement, slag powder and fly ash as cementing materials, taking fiber as reinforcing materials, taking a water reducing agent and an alkali excitant as regulators, adding water and mixing and stirring the mixture uniformly; shaping by adopting a secondary short vibration mode, preparing a 150mm cube test piece, carrying out standard curing in a curing box, removing a mold after 28d of curing, and crushing into aggregate with the particle size of 1.25mm-10mm on a crusher; screening and shaping to obtain coarse aggregate and fine aggregate with corresponding grading.
Example 1:
the filtered water concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench in the embodiment is composed of the following raw materials by mass: 230kg/m cement 3 90kg/m of fly ash 3 30kg/m of kaolin 3 Coarse aggregate 750kg/m 3 700kg/m fine aggregate 3 105kg/m of water 3 5kg/m water reducing agent 3 Modified material 1.6kg/m 3 . Wherein, the fine aggregate with the grain diameter of 1.25mm-2.5mm is 420kg/m 3 280kg/m of fine aggregate with particle size of 2.5mm-5mm 3 。
The modified material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 56.2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 33.9% of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 2.9% of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 7.0% of talcum powder modified particles.
The preparation method of the water filtering concrete comprises the following steps:
step (1): weighing the raw materials according to the mass of the raw materials designed by the mixing ratio of the filtered concrete;
step (2): adding 5% of stirring water, adding a water reducing agent into the water, and stirring in a stirrer at a rotating speed of 80r/min for 40s;
step (3): adding 15% stirring water into sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyl sulfobetaine in surfactant, and stirring in a stirrer at 150r/min for 60s;
step (4): sequentially adding the styrene-acrylic emulsion and talcum powder modified particles in the dispersing agent into the surfactant solution in the step (3), and stirring for 40s in a stirrer at a rotating speed of 100 r/min;
step (5): sequentially adding the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a forced stirrer to stir for 60s;
step (6): adding the rest 80% of stirring water into the mixture in the step (5), and stirring for 120s;
step (7): and (3) sequentially adding the water reducing agent solution in the step (2) and the modified material solution in the step (4) into the slurry in the step (6), and stirring for 120s until uniform stirring.
The above steps are all carried out under normal pressure.
Example 2:
the filtered water concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench in the embodiment is composed of the following raw materials by mass: 310kg/m cement 3 85kg/m fly ash 3 Kaolin 25kg/m 3 Coarse aggregate 750kg/m 3 Fine aggregate 650kg/m 3 125kg/m of water 3 5.6kg/m water reducing agent 3 Modified material 1.9kg/m 3 . Wherein, the fine aggregate with the grain diameter of 1.25mm-2.5mm is 390kg/m 3 Fine aggregate 260kg/m with particle size of 2.5mm-5mm 3 。
The modified material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50.8% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 35.4% of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 4.7% of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 9.1% of talcum powder modified particles.
The preparation method of the water filtering concrete in the embodiment 2 is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Example 3:
the filtered water concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench in the embodiment is composed of the following raw materials by mass: 300kg/m cement 3 80kg/m of fly ash 3 Kaolin 20kg/m 3 Coarse aggregate770kg/m 3 630kg/m of fine aggregate 3 120kg/m of water 3 5.5kg/m water reducing agent 3 Modified material 1.8kg/m 3 . Wherein, the fine aggregate 378kg/m with the grain diameter of 1.25mm-2.5mm 3 Fine aggregate 252kg/m with particle size of 2.5mm-5mm 3 。
The modified material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 53.8% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 32.5% of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 4.1% of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 9.6% of talcum powder modified particles.
The preparation method of the water filtering concrete in the embodiment 3 is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Example 4:
the filtered water concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench in the embodiment is composed of the following raw materials by mass: cement 315kg/m 3 95kg/m fly ash 3 40kg/m of kaolin 3 Coarse aggregate 900kg/m 3 670kg/m fine aggregate 3 135kg/m of water 3 5.8kg/m water reducing agent 3 Modified material 2kg/m 3 . Wherein, the fine aggregate with the grain diameter of 1.25mm-2.5mm is 402kg/m 3 Fine aggregate 268kg/m with particle size of 2.5mm-5mm 3 。
The modified material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 49.8% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 39.1% of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 3.7% of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 7.4% of talcum powder modified particles.
The preparation method of the water filtering concrete in the embodiment 4 is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1:
in this comparative example, the fine aggregate in example 1 was replaced with the coarse aggregate, compared with example 1, that is, this comparative example adopts the permeable concrete technique, and the mass of the coarse aggregate was 1450kg/m 3 Other compositions were the same as in example 1.
The concrete of comparative example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
in this comparative example, the modified material component of example 1 was removed compared with example 1, i.e., this comparative example uses the ordinary concrete technique, and the other composition is the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concrete of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
step (1): weighing the mass of each raw material designed according to the concrete mixing proportion;
step (2): adding 5% of stirring water, adding a water reducing agent into the water, and stirring in a stirrer at a rotating speed of 80r/min for 40s;
step (3): sequentially adding the cementing material (cement, fly ash and kaolin), coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into a forced stirrer to stir for 60s;
step (4): adding the rest 95% of stirring water into the mixture in the step (3), and stirring for 120s;
step (5): and (3) adding the water reducer solution in the step (2) into the slurry in the step (4), and stirring for 120s until uniform mixing.
The above steps are all carried out under normal pressure.
Comparative example 3:
in this comparative example, sodium lauryl sulfate, a surfactant in the modified material of example 1, was removed as compared with example 1, and the other composition was the same as in example 1.
The concrete of comparative example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4:
in this comparative example, the styrene-acrylic emulsion of the dispersant in the modified material of example 1 was removed as compared with example 1, and the other composition was the same as in example 1.
The concrete of comparative example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
The concretes described in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 were tested for performance index according to the following standard specifications or test methods:
(1) Mechanical properties: the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the concrete are tested according to the standard of the common concrete mechanical property test method (GB/T50081);
(2) Porosity: the porosity of the concrete is tested by adopting a weight method, and the calculation formula is as follows;
wherein: p is the porosity of the concrete test piece,%; m is m 1 G, the mass of the sample after water absorption and saturation; m is m 2 G, the mass of the test piece after the air surface is dried; v is the volume of the test piece, mm 3 。
(3) Water permeability coefficient: referring to the test method in the water permeable pavement bricks and water permeable pavement boards (GB/T25993), the water permeability coefficient of the concrete is tested by adopting a constant water head method, and the calculation formula is as follows;
wherein: k is the water permeability coefficient of the concrete, and is mm/s; q is the water amount overflowed in unit time, mm 3 S; a is the cross-sectional area of the concrete, mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the L is the thickness of the concrete, and mm; h is the water head difference, mm.
(4) Abrasion resistance test: the abrasion resistance of the concrete is characterized by the pit length, and the abrasion resistance is tested according to the pit length method in the standard of the common concrete mechanical property test method (GB/T50081).
(5) And (3) water filtration test: and testing by adopting an autonomously developed concrete water filtering test device. Placing a cylindrical test piece with the dimension phi of 100mm multiplied by 100mm in a test device, and sealing the side wall between the test piece and the test device by adopting wax seal; the average sand content of the yellow river water per cubic meter throughout the year is 35kg, which is equivalent to 35g of yellow river sand in 1000mL of water, 70g of yellow river sand and 2000mL of water are weighed and uniformly stirred to be used as test filtering water; 1500mL of water for filtration is added from the surface of the test piece, and then the test piece is stood until no water drops downwards; pouring the filtered water into a mortar, drying at constant temperature (105 ℃ plus or minus 2) in an electric heating oven, and weighing the mass of the dried sediment by a balance; and taking the sediment quality as a water filtering performance standard of the judging concrete.
(6) Anti-blocking performance: referring to the method for testing the anti-blocking performance of the concrete in the patent with the application number of CN 109437775A, the anti-blocking performance of the concrete is judged according to the water permeability coefficient ratio = water permeability coefficient after blocking/initial water permeability coefficient.
The results of the performance test of the concrete are shown in table 1:
table 1 results of Performance test of concrete
As shown by the performance test results of examples 1-4, the mechanical properties, the porosity, the water permeability coefficient, the grinding pit length and other performance indexes of the water filtering concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench are adjustable. When the strength grade of the water filtering concrete reaches more than C15, the porosity of the water filtering concrete is 18.5-31.3%, and the grinding pit length is 16.5-20.6 mm, namely the water filtering concrete has excellent mechanical property, permeability and wear resistance. The water permeability coefficient of the water filtering concrete is between 3.2mm/s and 4.7mm/s, and from the engineering practice, the water permeability coefficient of the concrete is between 3.1mm/s and 7.2mm/s, so that the use requirement of the water consumption for engineering construction can be met. The filtering capacity of the water filtering concrete can meet the requirement of the water intake structure of the seepage channel on the water intake of engineering construction.
As shown by the test results of the sand content of the filtered water in examples 1-4, the sand content of the filtered water concrete of the invention is between 0.93g and 1.81g (namely, 0.79g/L and 1.54 g/L), and the water for mixing the hydraulic concrete in the specification of hydraulic concrete construction (SL 677) can be met, namely, the insoluble content (sediment mass) in the water for mixing the reinforced concrete is less than or equal to 2g/L. The filtering effect of the water filtering concrete can meet the requirement of the water taking structure of the seepage channel on the quality of construction mixing water.
As shown by the water permeability coefficient ratio test results of examples 1-4, the water permeability coefficient ratio of the filtered concrete is 82.1% -89.2%. The filter concrete can reduce the adhesion capability of fine silt particles in pores and reduce the situation of pore blockage, namely, the filter concrete has excellent silt blockage resistance, and the filter concrete can greatly prolong the service life of a water taking structure of a silt-rich river infiltration trench when being applied to the water taking structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench.
In comparative example 1, the permeable concrete technique was used, and in the design of the material composition, the fine aggregate was replaced with the coarse aggregate, that is, the material composition did not contain the fine aggregate, and the other compositions were the same, as in example 1. As shown by the performance test results of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, the 28d compressive strength of the comparative example 1 is reduced by 28.5% compared with that of the example 1, and the requirements of the use in the aspect of the mechanical properties of the water-filtering concrete cannot be met only by 10.8 MPa; the concrete material component of the comparative example 1 does not contain fine aggregate, the mass of filtered water and sand is 5.96g (4.19 g/L), which is far greater than the specification that the content of water insoluble matters for reinforced concrete mixing is less than or equal to 2g/L in the hydraulic concrete construction standard, namely the filtering effect of the comparative example 1 can not meet the use requirement of a water-taking structure of a seepage channel on the quality of construction mixing water.
Comparative example 2 uses a conventional concrete technique, and the modified material component is removed in the material composition design, and the other components are the same as in example 1. As shown by the performance test results of the example 1 and the comparative example 2, the 28d compressive strength of the comparative example 2 is reduced by 36.4% compared with the example 1, the 28d flexural strength is reduced by 34.5% compared with the example 1 only by 9.6MPa, and the mechanical properties of the filtered water cannot be met by the two materials; the water permeability coefficient of the comparative example 2 is 2.3mm/s, and is out of the range of 3.1mm/s-7.2mm/s meeting the requirement of engineering construction water, namely the filtering capacity of the comparative example 2 cannot meet the requirement of a seepage channel water taking structure on construction water taking quantity; the water permeability coefficient ratio of comparative example 2 is 44.3%, and the water permeability coefficient ratio is remarkably reduced compared with that of example 1, namely, the anti-clogging performance of comparative example 2 is poor, and in the process of treating the silt-rich river water, the water permeability coefficient is further reduced, and the design filtering capacity and the service life of the water intake structure of the seepage channel cannot be achieved.
Comparative example 3 changed the composition of the surfactant in the formulation of the modified material of the present invention compared to example 1, and the other compositions were the same. As is clear from the results of the performance test of example 1 and comparative example 3, the porosity of comparative example 3 is reduced by 23.9% as compared with that of example 1, and the water permeability coefficient is reduced by 31.9% as compared with that of example 1, and is 3.2mm/s; the water permeability coefficient ratio of comparative example 3 is only 55.4%, the anti-blocking performance is obviously reduced compared with that of example 1, the water permeability coefficient is further reduced in the process of treating the silt-rich river water, and the water taking structure of the infiltration trench cannot reach the design filtering capability and the service life.
Comparative example 4 changed the composition of the dispersant in the formulation of the modified material of the present invention compared to example 1, and the other compositions were the same. As can be seen from the results of the performance test of example 1 and comparative example 4, the porosity of comparative example 4 is reduced by 22.4% as compared with that of example 1; the water permeability coefficient of the comparative example 4 is 2.9mm/s, and is out of the range of 3.1mm/s-7.2mm/s meeting the requirement of engineering construction water, namely the filtering capacity of the comparative example 4 cannot meet the requirement of a seepage channel water taking structure on construction water taking quantity; the water permeability coefficient ratio of comparative example 4 is only 59.9%, the anti-blocking performance is obviously reduced compared with that of example 1, the water permeability coefficient is further reduced in the process of treating the silt-rich river water, and the water taking structure of the infiltration trench cannot reach the design filtering capability and the service life.
As can be seen from the analysis of the performance test results of the above embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, changing the composition design of the water filtering concrete material of the present invention, such as replacing fine aggregate with coarse aggregate, removing modified material or changing the mixing ratio of modified material, will obviously reduce the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the water filtering concrete and increase the sand content in the water filtering, and obviously reduce the anti-blocking performance of the concrete, i.e. after treating the silt-rich river water, the water permeability coefficient and the water permeability coefficient ratio of the water filtering concrete after blocking are greatly reduced, and the water permeability coefficient of the concrete after blocking cannot meet the requirement of the water intake structure of the water filtering canal on the construction water intake. In particular, in comparative example 2, since the modified material was removed from the material components of the concrete, the influence of the weakening on the comprehensive properties thereof was most remarkable.
In conclusion, the filtered concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the multi-sediment river infiltration trench has excellent comprehensive performance, the mutual synergistic effect of the components can not only improve the compressive strength, the flexural strength and the wear resistance of the concrete, but also prevent the phenomenon of blocking holes caused by slurry segregation and subsidence of a concrete mixture in the forming process, so that the internal pores of the filtered concrete are more uniform, the capability of filtering sediment with the grain size of less than 0.05mm is improved, and the internal pores of the filtered concrete can be prevented from being blocked by impurities such as sediment, and the service life of the water intake structure of the infiltration trench is prolonged. The comprehensive performance of the water filtering concrete can be obviously improved only by preparing the water filtering concrete within the specified material components and the proportion range thereof, the filtering capacity and the filtering effect of the water taking structure of the seepage channel are met, and the water taking structure of the seepage channel reaches the design service life.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Water filtering concrete suitable for water intake structure of silt-rich river infiltration trench, characterized in that 1m 3 The water filtering concrete comprises the following components:
350-450kg of cementing material, 700-950kg of coarse aggregate, 600-800kg of fine aggregate, 95-135kg of water, 5-7kg of water reducer, 1-2kg of modified material and water-cement ratio=0.26-0.32.
2. The drainage concrete suitable for a water intake structure of a silt-rich river infiltration trench of claim 1, wherein the cementing material comprises, in mass percent: 65-75% of cement, 20-25% of fly ash and 5-10% of kaolin.
3. The drainage concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench according to claim 1, wherein the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are silt aggregates prepared manually, the particle size of the coarse aggregate is 5mm-10mm, and the fine aggregate consists of two particle sizes: 1.25mm-2.5mm and 2.5mm-5mm, the mass ratio of 1.25mm-2.5mm to 2.5mm-5mm particle size aggregate is 3:2.
4. a drainage concrete suitable for a water intake structure of a silt-rich river infiltration trench as set forth in claim 3, wherein 1m 3 The sediment aggregate bagThe method comprises the following steps: 200kg of cement, 100kg of slag powder, 200kg of fly ash, 40kg of fiber, 5.5kg of water reducer, 200kg of alkali activator, 125kg of water and 1350kg of sediment.
5. The water filtering concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, the pH value is 8+/-1, the water reducing rate is 15% -25%, and the bleeding rate ratio is less than or equal to 40%.
6. The drainage concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river seepage channel according to claim 1, wherein the modified material comprises 85-90% of surfactant and 10-15% of dispersing agent by mass percent.
7. The drainage concrete suitable for the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench of claim 6, wherein the surfactant is prepared from the following components in mass ratio of 5:3 to 5:4 with hexadecyl sulfobetaine; the dispersing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-2: 5 and talcum powder modified particles.
8. A method for preparing the filtered concrete applicable to the water intake structure of the silt-rich river infiltration trench according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
step (1): weighing the raw materials according to the mass of the raw materials designed by the mixing proportion of the filtered concrete;
step (2): adding 5% -10% of water into water, and stirring in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 100r/min for at least 30s;
step (3): taking 10% -20% of water, sequentially adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyl sulfobetaine in a surfactant into the water, and stirring for at least 60s in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 200 r/min;
step (4): sequentially adding the styrene-acrylic emulsion and talcum powder modified particles in the dispersing agent into the surfactant solution in the step (3), and stirring for at least 30s in a stirrer at a rotating speed of not more than 150 r/min;
step (5): sequentially adding the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a forced stirrer, and stirring for at least 60s;
step (6): adding the rest of water into the mixture in the step (5), and stirring for at least 120s;
step (7): and (3) sequentially adding the water reducing agent solution in the step (2) and the modified material solution in the step (4) into the slurry in the step (6), and stirring for at least 120s until the mixture is uniformly mixed.
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