CN117835445A - Hybrid access method, object end node, gateway and system of active and passive communication nodes - Google Patents
Hybrid access method, object end node, gateway and system of active and passive communication nodes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a hybrid access method of active and passive communication nodes, an object end node, a gateway and a system, and relates to the field of Internet of things. The access gateway sends a trigger frame, and after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node and starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway. The access gateway can control all processes of channel access such as communication modes, communication time length, data transmission modes and the like of all object end nodes in the network by using the control frame. The method and the device can realize coexistence of an active communication mode and a passive communication mode, can effectively reduce probability of collision on the premise of ensuring extremely low power consumption of the object end node, avoid active communication signals to mask the passive communication signals, and improve network capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of internet of things, and in particular relates to a heterogeneous node hybrid access method, node equipment, nodes and a system under a coexistence scene of active communication nodes and passive communication nodes.
Background
At present, the Internet of things has become one of industries which are developed at home and abroad. In order to meet the data transmission requirement of the node of the internet of things, researchers have designed various wireless communication technologies, and according to different carrier wave generation modes, the technologies can be divided into two types, namely:
1) Active communication technology
Such as Bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, zigBee, etc.
In this technique, the transmitter actively transmits electromagnetic signals outwards. Specifically: the transmitter generates a carrier signal using an oscillator and modulates I, Q two-way data onto the carrier signal via a mixer, then increases the power level of the modulated signal via a power amplifier and radiates the electromagnetic signal via an antenna. Oscillators, mixers, power amplifiers consume a large amount of power and thus the power consumption of the transmitter is large, typically at levels above tens of milliwatts.
2) Passive communication technology
Such as Ambient Backscatter, inter-Technology Backscatter, ucode, etc.
In the technology, an object end node utilizes an electromagnetic wave backscattering (backscattering) principle, and data to be transmitted is parasitically modulated on dynamically-changed environment electromagnetic waves (or special electromagnetic waves) on the premise of not adopting large power consumption devices such as an oscillator, a mixer, a power amplifier and the like and complex digital operations such as matrix transformation and the like, so that ultra-low power consumption wireless communication is realized.
Because of this backscatter-based wireless communication scheme, there is no need for the transmitter to actively generate electromagnetic signals, and thus it is also referred to as "passive communication" (corresponding to active communication).
Active communication techniques and passive communication techniques each have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of active communication are represented by: high signal power, stable signal strength, high communication reliability and high communication speed. The disadvantage is mainly that the communication power consumption of the receiving and transmitting ends is very large, generally more than tens of milliwatts, which greatly reduces the survival time of the object end node. The advantages of passive communication are represented by: the communication power consumption of the transmitting end is at an extremely low level (tens of microwatts) so that the communication module can continue to operate for a long time without dormancy. The disadvantages are shown in: the reflected signal intensity is low, the fluctuation of the signal is severe, the communication quality is unstable, the influence of the environment is large, the communication reliability is low, and the method is more suitable for general data transmission.
The inventor finds that with the expansion of the application of the internet of things to larger-scale and deeper fields, the communication requirements of the object end nodes are more and more diversified, the object end nodes are often required to have active communication capability and passive communication capability at the same time, and the object end nodes can be dynamically switched between the active communication and the passive communication according to different factors such as data transmission requirements and channel environments. Thus, in the same network, it is possible for an object node using active communication technology and an object node using passive communication technology to occur simultaneously. At this time, how to coordinate the data transmission of the two nodes to avoid collision becomes a urgent problem to be solved, however, no mature scheme is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
One technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present disclosure is: when an object end node using an active communication technology and an object end node using a passive communication technology occur in a network at the same time, how to meet the data transmission requirements of the two nodes, reduce the probability of collision, avoid the active communication signals to mask the passive communication signals, and improve the network capacity.
The technical scheme adopted by the present disclosure is as follows:
some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an active/passive communication node hybrid access method applied to a communication network composed of an object node and an access gateway; the object end node comprises a microcontroller, a double-receiver structure and a double-transmitter structure, wherein the double-transmitter structure comprises a passive transmitter, an active transmitter and a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
the method comprises the following steps:
the access gateway sends a trigger frame;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node and starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway;
the access gateway uses the control frame to control the active and passive communication modes, communication duration and data transmission modes of all object end nodes in the network;
and the object end node adjusts the communication mode according to the control frame requirement and transmits data.
In some embodiments, the trigger frame includes a wake-up field, a frame header field, a check value field; after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node sends an interrupt request to the microcontroller, wakes up the microcontroller, processes the interrupt request, controls the second programmable power domain to output power supply voltage, opens the main receiver, and waits for receiving the control frame.
In some embodiments, after sending the trigger frame, the access gateway waits for a period of time before sending the control frame in a broadcast manner; the control frame comprises a communication duration domain, a switching information domain, a node identification domain and a duration type domain.
In some embodiments, upon receipt of the control frame, the object end node performs the steps of:
step 1: the object end node uses a microcontroller to generate high and low level values and controls the second programmable power domain to turn off the main receiver;
step 2: the object node reads a time length value in a communication time length domain, takes the time length value as a timing time length and starts a timer, and after the timer is overtime, the object node sleeps again;
step 3: the object terminal node reads the switching information field, checks whether a communication mode switching instruction related to the node exists, and if so, switches the communication mode of the node according to the instruction; if the switching information field does not have such an instruction, the communication mode of the node is kept unchanged;
step 4: the object terminal node reads the node identification domain and judges whether the domain contains an identification list or not; if the identification list exists, jumping to a step 6; otherwise, executing the step 5;
step 5: the object node judges whether the node appears in the identification list; if the node identification does not appear in the identification list, the object terminal node enters a sleep mode; if the node identification appears in the identification list, the object terminal node executes step 6;
step 6: the object node reads the time length type field, and if the communication mode of the object node is matched with the value of the field, the object node continues to execute the step 7; otherwise, the object node directly enters a sleep mode;
step 7: if the communication mode of the object node is an active communication mode, when data needs to be sent to the access gateway, the object node starts an active transmitter, and accesses a channel in an ALOHA or CSMA mode to send sensing data; if the communication mode of the object end node is a passive communication mode, when data is required to be sent to the access gateway, the data is directly sent to a channel through the passive transmitter, whether other nodes use the channel is not considered, the access gateway uses a Laissez-Faire method, and the data sent by different object end nodes through passive communication are distinguished through the upper edge and the lower edge of a data waveform.
In some embodiments, the active transmitter and the primary receiver use bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, wiFi or Sigfox for wireless communication, or the active transmitter uses a dedicated wireless transmitter module built in a manner of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga", and the primary receiver uses a dedicated wireless receiver module built in a manner of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga".
In some embodiments, the passive communicator includes an impedance array, a radio frequency switch, and an instruction mapping module; the instruction mapping module is used for realizing instruction mapping in one of the following methods: an FSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, an ASK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a BPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a DBPSK adjustment method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, and an MSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an object end node comprising a microcontroller, a dual receiver architecture and a dual transmitter architecture, the dual transmitter architecture comprising a passive transmitter, an active transmitter, a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node, starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway, and then adjusts the communication mode and sends data according to the control frame requirement.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an access gateway including a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to transmit a trigger frame to an object node based on instructions stored in the memory, and then wait for a period of time and then transmit a control frame in a broadcast manner, thereby controlling an active and passive communication manner, a communication duration, and a data transmission manner of each object node.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an active-passive communication node hybrid access system including an object end node, an access gateway, and a radio frequency source node configured to transmit electromagnetic signals outward.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when an object end node using an active communication technology and an object end node using a passive communication technology simultaneously appear in a network, the active and passive communication of all types of object end nodes in the network are controlled based on the double-transmitter structure and the setting of a programmable power domain and a control frame, so that the data transmission requirements of the two nodes are met, the probability of collision is reduced, the active communication signals are prevented from covering the passive communication signals, and the network capacity is improved.
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The drawings that are required for use in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described below. The present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the network system components.
Fig. 2 shows a transceiver architecture on an object end node.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit configuration of a wake-up receiver.
Fig. 4 shows the working principle of the dynamic trigger hybrid access technology.
Fig. 5 shows the format of a control frame.
Fig. 6 shows the information flow and node status for a dynamically triggered hybrid access technology.
Fig. 7 shows a control frame processing flow.
Fig. 8 shows the format of a trigger frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the descriptions of "first," "second," and the like in this disclosure are used for distinguishing between different objects and are not used for indicating a meaning of size or timing, etc.
A hybrid access method of active and passive communication nodes is applied to a communication network consisting of an object end node and an access gateway; the object end node comprises a microcontroller, a double-receiver structure and a double-transmitter structure, wherein the double-transmitter structure comprises a passive transmitter, an active transmitter and a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
the method comprises the following steps:
the access gateway sends a trigger frame;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node and starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway;
the access gateway uses the control frame to control the active and passive communication modes, communication duration and data transmission modes of all object end nodes in the network;
and the object end node adjusts the communication mode according to the control frame requirement and transmits data.
The trigger frame comprises an waiting field domain, a frame header domain and a check value domain;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node sends an interrupt request to the microcontroller, wakes up the microcontroller, processes the interrupt request, controls the second programmable power domain to output power supply voltage, opens the main receiver, and waits for receiving the control frame.
After sending the trigger frame, the access gateway waits for a period of time, and then sends the control frame in a broadcasting mode; the control frame comprises a communication duration domain, a switching information domain, a node identification domain and a duration type domain.
After receiving the control frame, the object node performs the following steps:
step 1: the object end node uses a microcontroller to generate high and low level values and controls the second programmable power domain to turn off the main receiver;
step 2: the object node reads a time length value in a communication time length domain, takes the time length value as a timing time length and starts a timer, and after the timer is overtime, the object node sleeps again;
step 3: the object terminal node reads the switching information field, checks whether a communication mode switching instruction related to the node exists, and if so, switches the communication mode of the node according to the instruction; if the switching information field does not have such an instruction, the communication mode of the node is kept unchanged;
step 4: the object terminal node reads the node identification domain and judges whether the domain contains an identification list or not; if the identification list exists, jumping to a step 6; otherwise, executing the step 5;
step 5: the object node judges whether the node appears in the identification list; if the node identification does not appear in the identification list, the object terminal node enters a sleep mode; if the node identification appears in the identification list, the object terminal node executes step 6;
step 6: the object node reads the time length type field, and if the communication mode of the object node is matched with the value of the field, the object node continues to execute the step 7; otherwise, the object node directly enters a sleep mode;
step 7: if the communication mode of the object node is an active communication mode, when data needs to be sent to the access gateway, the object node starts an active transmitter, and accesses a channel in an ALOHA or CSMA mode to send sensing data; if the communication mode of the object end node is a passive communication mode, when data is required to be sent to the access gateway, the data is directly sent to a channel through the passive transmitter, whether other nodes use the channel is not considered, the access gateway uses a Laissez-Faire method, and the data sent by different object end nodes through passive communication are distinguished through the upper edge and the lower edge of a data waveform.
The active transmitter and the main receiver use Bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, wiFi or Sigfox for wireless communication, or the active transmitter uses a special wireless transmitting module constructed in a mode of 'radio frequency front end + analog front end + FPGA', and the main receiver uses a special wireless receiving module constructed in a mode of 'radio frequency front end + analog front end + FPGA' for wireless communication.
The passive transmitter comprises an impedance array, a radio frequency switch and an instruction mapping module; the instruction mapping module is used for realizing instruction mapping in one of the following methods: an FSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, an ASK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a BPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a DBPSK adjustment method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, and an MSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering.
An object end node comprises a microcontroller, a double receiver structure and a double transmitter structure, wherein the double transmitter structure comprises a passive transmitter, an active transmitter and a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node, starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway, and then adjusts the communication mode and sends data according to the control frame requirement.
An access gateway includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to transmit a trigger frame to an object node based on instructions stored in the memory, and then wait for a period of time and then transmit a control frame in a broadcast manner, thereby controlling an active-passive communication manner, a communication duration, and a data transmission manner of each object node.
An active-passive communication node hybrid access system includes the above-mentioned object end node, an access gateway, and a radio frequency source node configured to transmit electromagnetic signals to the outside.
The technical points of the system are described in detail as follows:
1. system composition
As shown in fig. 1, the entire network includes 3 network elements, namely a radio frequency source F, an object end node S and an access gateway a. Their functions are:
1) RF source F
Is a provider of electromagnetic signals.
Responsible for transmitting single-voice electromagnetic signals outwardsThe electromagnetic signal may provide a carrier signal to a passive communication module on the object end node.
2) Object end node S
Is the sender of awareness data and the receiver of control instructions.
In a network, there may be a plurality of object end nodes (denoted S respectively 1 、S 2 、...、S n ) The object end nodes have active communication capability and passive communication capability at the same time, and can dynamically switch communication modes between active communication and passive communication.
3) Access gateway A
Is a control center and a data processing center of the whole network.
Is responsible for receiving and processing active communication signals and passive communication signals sent by the object end node.
And is also responsible for issuing control instructions to the object end node to control the operation of the whole network.
2. Object end node
Fig. 2 shows a system block diagram of an object node employing a dual transmitter (passive transmitter and active transmitter) and dual receiver architecture (wake-up receiver and main receiver).
1) Dual transmitter structure
Including passive transmitters, active transmitters, and programmable power domains 1.
(1) Passive transmitter: providing passive communication capability, consisting essentially of a radio frequency switch, an impedance array (including Z 0 ，Z 1 ，...，Z n Equal impedance), instruction mapping, etc. The instruction mapping is responsible for mapping data to be transmitted into a series of high and low level values, and the high and low level values can be used for controlling the radio frequency switch to switch between different impedances in the impedance array.
(2) Active transmitter: the active communication capability is provided for the object end node, and the active communication capability mainly comprises a DAC, a filter, a mixer, a power amplifier, an oscillator, baseband processing and the like.
(3) Programmable power domain 1: is a power management module specially designed for the active transmitter and is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter (the power supply voltage is V 1 ). A programmable power domain 1 for controlling the power supply voltage V according to the specific high and low level values sent by the microcontroller 1 Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Considering that the energy carried by the object node is generally very limited, in order to ensure that the power consumption of the object node is at an ultra-low level most of the time, on the object node, the passive transmitter is required to be always in an active state, the active transmitter is in an off state (the output voltage of the programmable power domain 1 is V 1 =0). The object end node transmits data primarily using a passive transmitter.
The active transmitter can be temporarily used to transmit data only when the channel characteristics become worse or the requirements of the service on the communication rate are higher, and the passive communication is difficult to meet the requirements, at this time, the microcontroller is required to transmit specific high and low level values to the programmable power domain 1, and the programmable power domain 1 is controlled to output a supply voltage V with a proper magnitude 1 To activate the active transmitter.
2) Dual receiver structure
Including a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a programmable power domain 2.
(1) Waking up the receiver: the device mainly comprises a resistor, a capacitor and the like, the receiving sensitivity is low, the power consumption is extremely low, and a design method for waking up the receiver is shown in fig. 3.
(2) A main receiver: the control command is used for receiving the control command issued by the access gateway and mainly comprises a low noise amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a filter, an ADC, baseband processing and the like.
(4) Programmable power domain 2: is a power management module specially designed for the main receiver and is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver (the power supply voltage is V 2 ). A programmable power domain 2 for controlling the power supply voltage V according to the specific high and low level values sent by the microcontroller 2 Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Considering that the energy carried by the object node is generally very limited, in order to ensure the power consumption of the object node, the wake-up receiver is always in an active state on the object node at most of the time at an ultra-low level, and the main receiver is in an off state (the output voltage of the programmable power domain 2 is V 2 ＝0)。
When the main receiver is required to receive the control command, the microcontroller is required to send specific high and low level values to the programmable power domain 2, so as to control the programmable power domain 2 to output a power supply voltage V with a proper magnitude 2 To activate the main receiver.
3. Hybrid access mode
Fig. 4 shows the working principle of the hybrid access technology, and fig. 6 shows the information flow and node state (in object end node S 1 For example). Wherein A is 1 Represents an access gateway, S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S N Representing different object end nodes. Each of the object end nodes employs the dual transmitter and dual receiver architecture shown in fig. 2. The process of the hybrid access technology is as follows:
1) General phase
(1) Access gateway A 1 Controlling the data transmission process of all object end nodes in the whole network, A 1 Is the center of the whole network, and the object end node is according to A 1 Is required to receive and transmit data.
(2) Typically, the object node is in sleep mode, with only the wake-up receiver (shown in fig. 2) and the passive transmitter (shown in fig. 2) in active states.
2) Trigger phase
(1) When accessing gateway A 1 When a control frame is required to be transmitted, it first transmits a trigger frame (or wake-up signal) (denoted as M t ) The trigger frame functions as: notifying all object nodes in the network that it is ready to receive a 1 The row will send the control instruction.
(2) Wake-up receiver on object node receives trigger frame M t After that, an interrupt is sent to the microcontroller to drive the microcontroller from the sleep modeWaking up to enable the device to enter a working mode;
(3) After entering the working mode, the microcontroller processes the interrupt request sent by the wake-up receiver, and sends specific high and low level values to the programmable power domain 2, and controls the programmable power domain 2 to output a power supply voltage with proper magnitude so as to turn on the main receiver and wait for receiving the control frame.
3) Control processing stage
(1) After sending the trigger frame, access gateway A 1 Waiting for a period of time. Thereafter, A 1 Broadcast transmission control frame M c . The control frame format is shown in fig. 5.
At M c Including, but not limited to, "communication duration field," "handover information field," "node identification field," "duration type field," etc. Wherein (1) "communication duration field" is used to record duration of subsequent duration; (2) The "handover information field" is used to change the communication mode of a particular object end node (using this field, a 1 The object end node may be required to change the communication mode from active communication to passive communication or vice versa). (3) The node identification domain is an optional field, and when the domain exists in the control frame, the subsequent communication duration can only be used by the designated object end node in the control frame; when the domain does not exist in the control frame, all object end nodes meeting the requirement of the time length type domain can use the communication time length to transmit data. (4) The "duration type field" is used to indicate the type of object end node, e.g., active communication node, passive communication node, that may use the subsequent duration.
(2) After receiving the control frame, as shown in fig. 7, the object node needs to perform the following processing (with object node S 1 Examples):
step 1: s is S 1 The microcontroller is used for generating specific high and low level values, and the programmable power domain 2 is controlled to turn off the main receiver so as to save the power consumption of the object terminal node.
Step 2: s is S 1 After reading the communication time domain, recording the time value stored in the domain as tau, then S 1 Starting a timer, wherein the timing duration is tau, and after the timer is overtime, S 1 And (5) re-dormancy.
Step 3: s is S 1 Reading a switching information field to check whether a communication mode switching instruction related to the node exists, and switching the communication mode of the node according to the instruction if the switching information field contains the instruction; if the 'switching information field' does not have such an instruction, the communication mode of the node is kept unchanged.
Step 4: s is S 1 The "node identification field" is read, and it is determined whether the field contains an identification list (i.e., see whether the field length n in the "node identification field" is equal to 0). If there is an identification list (i.e., n is not equal to 0), then go to step 6; otherwise, step 5 is performed.
Step 5: s is S 1 It is determined whether the node is present in the identification list (read from the "node identification field" of the control frame). If the node identification does not appear in the identification list, S 1 Entering a sleep mode; if the node identity appears in the identity list S 1 Step 6 is performed.
Step 6: s is S 1 Read "duration type field", if S 1 Is matched with the value of the domain, S 1 Continuing to execute the step 7; otherwise, S 1 The sleep mode is entered directly.
Step 7: if S 1 The communication mode of (a) is an active communication mode, when data is required to be sent to the access gateway, the object end node S 1 An active transmitter needs to be started, and a channel is accessed in the modes of ALOHA or CSMA and the like to send sensing data; if S 1 The communication mode of the node is a passive communication mode, when the node has data to be transmitted to the access gateway, the node directly transmits the data to a channel through a passive transmitter, and whether other nodes use the channel is not considered.
Specifically, the active transmitter in fig. 2 may use commercial wireless communication technologies and chips such as bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, wiFi, sigfox, etc., or may use a mode of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga" to construct a dedicated wireless transmitting module.
The main receiver in fig. 2 can also use commercial wireless communication technologies and chips such as bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, wiFi, sigfox, etc., or can use a mode of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga" to construct a dedicated wireless receiving module.
The "command mapping" method in the "passive communicator" in fig. 2 may be: (1) an FSK modulation method based on electromagnetic back scattering; (2) an ASK modulation method based on electromagnetic back scattering; (3) a BPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic back scattering; (4) a DBPSK adjustment method based on electromagnetic wave back scattering; (5) An MSK modulation method based on electromagnetic back scattering, etc.
In the passive communication duration shown in fig. 4, when an object node has data to send to an access gateway, the node directly sends the data to a channel, regardless of whether other nodes are using the channel. At this time, the access gateway can use Laissez-Faire and other methods to distinguish the data sent by different object end nodes through the upper and lower edges of the data waveform, and successfully demodulate the data.
Fig. 8 shows an alternative format of a trigger frame, mainly comprising fields of a wake-up field, a frame header, a check value, etc. Wherein the wake-up field consists of a series of 0, 1 alternates, the field needs to be long enough to enable the object node to wake up for the duration of the field; a frame header field for identifying the start of a frame, a pseudo random sequence with good autocorrelation characteristics may be used as a frame header, for example, an m-sequence, an OVSF code, a Barker code, etc.; and the check domain is a check sequence generated by inputting data in the frame header domain into the digest algorithms such as MD5, SHA and the like.
In a word, the method and the device can achieve coexistence of an active communication mode and a passive communication mode, can effectively reduce probability of collision on the premise that power consumption of an object end node is extremely low, avoid active communication signals to mask passive communication signals, and improve network capacity.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer program code embodied therein.
The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each flowchart and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flowcharts and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure is not intended to limit the disclosure, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like, which fall within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The hybrid access method of the active and passive communication nodes is characterized by being applied to a communication network consisting of an object end node and an access gateway; the object end node comprises a microcontroller, a double-receiver structure and a double-transmitter structure, wherein the double-transmitter structure comprises a passive transmitter, an active transmitter and a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
the method comprises the following steps:
the access gateway sends a trigger frame;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node and starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway;
the access gateway uses the control frame to control the active and passive communication modes, communication duration and data transmission modes of all object end nodes in the network;
and the object end node adjusts the communication mode according to the control frame requirement and transmits data.
2. The hybrid access method of an active-passive communication node according to claim 1, wherein the trigger frame includes an awake field, a frame header field, and a check value field;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node sends an interrupt request to the microcontroller, wakes up the microcontroller, processes the interrupt request, controls the second programmable power domain to output power supply voltage, opens the main receiver, and waits for receiving the control frame.
3. The hybrid access method of an active-passive communication node of claim 1, wherein after sending the trigger frame, the access gateway waits for a period of time, and then sends the control frame in a broadcast manner; the control frame comprises a communication duration domain, a switching information domain, a node identification domain and a duration type domain.
4. The hybrid access method of claim 1, wherein the object node performs the following steps after receiving the control frame:
step 1: the object end node uses a microcontroller to generate high and low level values and controls the second programmable power domain to turn off the main receiver;
step 2: the object node reads a time length value in a communication time length domain, takes the time length value as a timing time length and starts a timer, and after the timer is overtime, the object node sleeps again;
step 3: the object terminal node reads the switching information field, checks whether a communication mode switching instruction related to the node exists, and if so, switches the communication mode of the node according to the instruction; if the switching information field does not have such an instruction, the communication mode of the node is kept unchanged;
step 4: the object terminal node reads the node identification domain and judges whether the domain contains an identification list or not; if the identification list exists, jumping to a step 6; otherwise, executing the step 5;
step 5: the object node judges whether the node appears in the identification list; if the node identification does not appear in the identification list, the object terminal node enters a sleep mode; if the node identification appears in the identification list, the object terminal node executes step 6;
step 6: the object node reads the time length type field, and if the communication mode of the object node is matched with the value of the field, the object node continues to execute the step 7; otherwise, the object node directly enters a sleep mode;
step 7: if the communication mode of the object node is an active communication mode, when data needs to be sent to the access gateway, the object node starts an active transmitter, and accesses a channel in an ALOHA or CSMA mode to send sensing data; if the communication mode of the object end node is a passive communication mode, when data is required to be sent to the access gateway, the data is directly sent to a channel through the passive transmitter, whether other nodes use the channel is not considered, the access gateway uses a Laissez-Faire method, and the data sent by different object end nodes through passive communication are distinguished through the upper edge and the lower edge of a data waveform.
5. The hybrid access method of claim 4, wherein the active transmitter and the active receiver use bluetooth, loRa, NB-IoT, wiFi or Sigfox for wireless communication, or the active transmitter uses a dedicated wireless transmitting module constructed in a manner of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga", and the active transmitter uses a dedicated wireless receiving module constructed in a manner of "radio frequency front end+analog front end+fpga" for wireless communication.
6. The hybrid access method of claim 4, wherein the passive transmitter comprises an impedance array, a radio frequency switch, and an instruction mapping module; the instruction mapping module is used for realizing instruction mapping in one of the following methods: an FSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, an ASK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a BPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, a DBPSK adjustment method based on electromagnetic backward scattering, and an MSK modulation method based on electromagnetic backward scattering.
7. An object end node is characterized by comprising a microcontroller, a double-receiver structure and a double-transmitter structure, wherein the double-transmitter structure comprises a passive transmitter, an active transmitter and a first programmable power domain; the dual receiver architecture includes a wake-up receiver, a main receiver and a second programmable power domain; the first programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the active transmitter, and controls the magnitude of power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; the second programmable power domain is responsible for supplying power to the main receiver, and controls the magnitude of the power supply voltage according to the high and low level values sent by the microcontroller; when the object end node is in the sleep mode, only the wake-up receiver and the passive transmitter are in an active state;
after receiving the trigger frame, the wake-up receiver on the object end node wakes up the object end node, starts the main receiver to receive the control frame sent by the access gateway, and then adjusts the communication mode and sends data according to the control frame requirement.
8. An access gateway comprising a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to transmit a trigger frame to an object node based on instructions stored in the memory, and then wait for a period of time and then transmit a control frame in a broadcast manner, thereby controlling an active and passive communication manner, a communication duration, and a data transmission manner of each object node.
9. An active-passive communication node hybrid access system comprising the object node of claim 7, the access gateway of claim 8, and a radio frequency source node configured to transmit electromagnetic signals outwardly.
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