CN117825125A - Sample, preparation method thereof, testing method and device for implementing testing method - Google Patents
Sample, preparation method thereof, testing method and device for implementing testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117825125A CN117825125A CN202410023613.0A CN202410023613A CN117825125A CN 117825125 A CN117825125 A CN 117825125A CN 202410023613 A CN202410023613 A CN 202410023613A CN 117825125 A CN117825125 A CN 117825125A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sample for simulating the shear strength test of a glass fiber and resin interface, which comprises a glass layer and a resin layer which are made of glass fiber raw yarns and are arranged in parallel, wherein a sizing agent layer is arranged between the glass layer and the resin layer, one surface of the glass layer facing the sizing agent layer is a glass layer connecting surface which is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer, one surface of the resin layer facing the sizing agent layer is a resin layer connecting surface which is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer. And simulating the interface combination of glass fiber and resin by compression testing the interface shear strength between the glass layer and the resin layer, and judging the interface combination strength by the shear failure mode of the resin layer and the glass layer. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, can be applied to thermoplastic and thermosetting resin, and effectively simulates and characterizes the interface bonding strength of glass fiber and resin by a test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass fiber composite material testing, in particular to a sample, a preparation method thereof, a testing method and a device for implementing the testing method.
Background
The glass fiber composite material is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles, wind power, pipe tanks and the like due to the excellent characteristics of corrosion resistance, high strength, insulating property and the like. The surface of the glass fiber is coated with a multi-component special surface treating agent (also called a sizing agent) which takes organic emulsion as a main component in the production process of the glass fiber, the treating agent can effectively size the surface of the glass fiber, the bonding strength of the glass fiber between resins is improved, a composite material interface is a tie and a bridge for transferring stress, which are connected with a matrix and a reinforcement, is a key factor for determining the performance of the composite material, and whether the stress can be effectively transferred depends on the bonding strength of the interface, so that the characterization of the interface strength is an important parameter of the composite material.
The characterization method of the interface strength of the fiber composite material comprises a single fiber extraction method, a fiber ejection method, a single fiber fracture test method and the like, most of single fiber tests are performed, the glass fiber diameter is small, the embedded length of a test sample is short from a few micrometers to twenty micrometers, the fiber diameter test needs to be measured by a microscope, the fibers are very easy to pinch off by a clamp, the prepared matrix resin is mainly thermosetting resin, and the research of thermoplastic resin samples is very few. And the existing test results often result in high discrete coefficients, it is clear that these methods are unreliable.
Therefore, how to design a sample, a preparation method and a testing method thereof, and a device for implementing the testing method, which can avoid the above drawbacks, are technical problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a sample capable of effectively simulating and representing the interfacial bonding strength of glass fiber and resin, which has the advantages of simple structure, accurate size, difficult generation of stress concentration, and capability of effectively simulating and representing the interfacial bonding strength of glass fiber and resin, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a test sample is used for simulating the shear strength test of a glass fiber and resin interface and comprises a glass layer and a resin layer which are made of glass fiber raw yarns and are arranged in parallel, a sizing agent layer is arranged between the glass layer and the resin layer, one surface of the glass layer, which faces the sizing agent layer, is a glass layer connecting surface, the glass layer connecting surface is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer, one surface of the resin layer, which faces the sizing agent layer, is a resin layer connecting surface, and the resin layer connecting surface is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer.
Preferably, the glass layer, the impregnating compound layer and the resin layer are arranged in the same width, the impregnating compound layer and the resin layer are arranged in the same length, and the length of the glass layer is greater than that of the impregnating compound layer.
Preferably, the sizing layer is located at a middle position of the glass layer along the length direction thereof.
The invention also provides a method for the sample, which comprises the following steps:
s1: melting glass fiber raw yarns serving as raw materials into glass sheets to form a glass layer, cleaning the surface of the glass layer by deionized water, and then drying;
s2: preparation of the impregnating agent layer: immersing the glass layer in an impregnating compound for 1-10min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 110-130 ℃ for 5-120 min;
s3: and placing the glass layer coated with the impregnating compound into a mold, injecting thermoplastic resin into the mold by an injection molding machine, or injecting thermosetting resin into the mold by a vacuum injection method, solidifying to form the resin layer, and cooling and demolding to prepare the sample.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the sample, which comprises the following steps:
s1: melting glass fiber raw yarns serving as raw materials into glass sheets to form a glass layer, cleaning the surface of the glass layer by deionized water, and then drying;
s2: preparation of the impregnating agent layer: immersing the glass layer in an impregnating compound for 1-10min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 110-130 ℃ for 5-120 min;
s3: placing the glass layer coated with the impregnating compound into a mold, injecting thermoplastic resin into the mold by an injection molding machine, or injecting thermosetting resin into the mold by a vacuum injection method, solidifying to form the resin layer, and cooling and demolding to prepare the sample;
s4: and (3) scraping the exposed impregnating compound layer on the glass layer connecting surface of the sample obtained in the step (S3).
The invention also provides a test method, which is a method for simulating the interfacial shear strength of glass fiber and resin by adopting the test sample, and comprises the following steps:
and applying shearing force in opposite directions to the glass layer and the resin layer of the sample to obtain a critical value F for the shear damage of the glass layer and the resin layer, and obtaining an interface bonding area B between the glass layer and the resin layer, wherein the shearing strength is obtained by the following formula:
σ＝F/B。
the invention also provides a device for implementing the testing method, which comprises a movable plate and a fixed plate which are arranged along the vertical direction when in use, wherein the movable plate and the fixed plate are arranged along the left-right direction and are arranged at intervals, a plurality of opposite through holes along the horizontal direction are formed in the movable plate and the fixed plate for corresponding bolts to pass through so as to fixedly connect the movable plate to the fixed plate, a space is reserved between the movable plate and the fixed plate when the movable plate passes through the bolts, the distance between the movable plate and the fixed plate along the left-right direction is matched with the thickness of the glass layer, the length direction of the glass layer is arranged along the vertical direction and the glass layer is inserted in the space when in testing, and the impregnating compound layer and the resin layer are lapped on the top end of the movable plate.
Preferably, a groove extending along the vertical direction is formed in the fixing plate at a position corresponding to the glass layer, the width of the groove is matched with the width of the glass layer, and the depth of the groove is smaller than the height of the glass layer, so that part of the glass layer is located in the groove, and the groove forms a part of the space.
Preferably, the device further comprises a base which is arranged along the horizontal direction, wherein the bottom end of the fixing plate is placed on the base, and the bottom end and the base are fixedly connected through fixing screws.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention has simple structure and convenient operation, the resin layer can be applied to thermoplastic and thermosetting resin, and the test result effectively simulates and characterizes the interface bonding strength of glass fiber and resin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample simulating the interfacial shear strength of glass fibers and resin, with the left view being in the front view and the right view being in the side view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mold for preparing a sample of interfacial shear strength between glass fibers and resin;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the device.
The reference numerals in fig. 1-3 are as follows:
1-resin layer, 2-impregnating compound layer, 3-glass layer, 4-mould, 5-feed inlet, 6-fixed plate, 7-movable plate, 8-base, 9-fixed screw.
Detailed Description
1-3, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample simulating the interfacial shear strength of glass fibers and resin, with the left view being the front view direction and the right view being the side view direction; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mold for preparing a sample of interfacial shear strength between glass fibers and resin; fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the device.
As shown in fig. 1, in a specific embodiment, a test sample is provided for simulating shear strength test of a glass fiber and resin interface, and the test sample comprises a glass layer 3 and a resin layer 1 which are made of glass fiber raw yarns and are arranged in parallel, a sizing agent layer 2 is arranged between the glass layer 3 and the resin layer 1, one surface of the glass layer 3, which faces the sizing agent layer 2, is a glass layer connecting surface, the glass layer connecting surface is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer 2, one surface of the resin layer 1, which faces the sizing agent layer 2, is a resin layer connecting surface, and the resin layer 1 connecting surface is fixedly connected with the sizing agent layer 2.
The glass layer 3, the impregnating compound layer 2 and the resin layer 1 are arranged in the same width, the impregnating compound layer 2 and the resin layer 1 are arranged in the same length, and the length of the glass layer 3 is greater than that of the impregnating compound layer 2. And the impregnating compound layer 2 is positioned at the middle position of the glass layer 3 along the length direction.
In one embodiment, the interfacial bonding area between the glass layer 3 and the resin layer 1 formed by the impregnating compound layer 2 is 50mm 2 -100mm 2 。
A device is shown in figure 3, and comprises a movable plate 7 and a fixed plate 6 which are arranged in the vertical direction in use, wherein the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 6 are arranged in the left-right direction and are arranged at intervals, a plurality of opposite through holes in the horizontal direction are formed in the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 6 for corresponding bolts to pass through, the movable plate 7 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 6, a space is reserved between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 6 when the movable plate 7 is connected with the fixed plate 6 through the bolts, the distance between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate in the left-right direction is equal to the thickness of a glass layer 3, the length direction of the glass layer 3 is arranged in the vertical direction in an inserting mode, and the impregnating compound layer 2 and the resin layer 1 are lapped on the top end of the movable plate 7 in the test mode.
The fixing plate 6 is provided with a groove extending along the vertical direction at a position corresponding to the glass layer 3, the width of the groove is matched with the width of the glass layer 3, and the depth of the groove is smaller than the height of the glass layer 3, so that part of the glass layer 3 is positioned in the groove, and the groove forms a part of the space.
The base 8 is arranged along the horizontal direction, the bottom end of the fixing plate 6 is placed on the base 8, and the base 8 and the fixing plate are fixedly connected through fixing screws 9.
The device is adopted to implement a test method, and the test method is as follows:
and applying shearing force in opposite directions to the glass layer 3 and the resin layer 1 of the sample to obtain a critical value F for the shearing damage of the glass layer 3 and the resin layer 1, and obtaining an interface bonding area B between the glass layer 3 and the resin layer 1, wherein the shearing strength is obtained by the following formula:
σ＝F/B。
in the test, the width of the test specimen is 10mm, and the compression shear test is carried out at the speed of 1-2mm/min, and the number of the test specimens is 5-7.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) preparing the ECT glass sheet, namely cutting the ECT glass fiber into pieces with the length of 250mm by taking glass fiber raw yarns as raw materials, spreading a proper amount of the pieces on a 250 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5mm ceramic die, melting the pieces in a muffle furnace to prepare the glass sheet, cutting the glass sheet into glass sheets with the length of 60 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5mm, cleaning the surfaces of the glass sheets by deionized water, and drying the glass sheets.
Step 2: and (3) preparing the impregnating compound layer 2, immersing the glass sheet into the impregnating compound for 5min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 130 ℃ for 120min.
Step 3: sample preparation, placing glass sheet coated with impregnating compound into a mould 4 of the sample, as shown in figure 2, setting the size in the mould 4 to be matched with the size of the sample, arranging a feed inlet 5 communicated with the space of a resin layer to be poured on the mould 4, pouring epoxy resin into the mould by a vacuum pouring method, curing at 80 ℃ for 2h, curing at 120 ℃ for 4h, cooling and demoulding, wherein the size of the resin layer 3 is 5 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5mm, and the interface bonding area is 50mm 2 A simulated ECT glass fiber and epoxy interfacial shear strength test specimen was obtained.
Loading the sample into a device, fixing the sample between a movable plate 7 and a fixed plate 6 through an adjusting bolt, and then testing the bonding strength of an interface between a glass plate and a resin plate through compression, wherein the compression cutting speed is 1mm/min; the number of tests was 5. As shown in fig. 3, pressure P is given.
Example 2:
the method for testing the interfacial shear strength of the simulated ECT glass fiber and the nylon thermoplastic resin and the sample preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1: and (3) preparing the ECT glass sheet, namely cutting the ECT glass fiber into pieces with the length of 250mm by taking glass fiber raw yarns as raw materials, spreading a proper amount of the pieces on a 250 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5mm ceramic die, melting the pieces in a muffle furnace to prepare the glass sheet, cutting the glass sheet into glass sheets with the length of 60 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5mm, cleaning the surfaces of the glass sheets by deionized water, and drying the glass sheets.
Step 2: and (3) preparing the impregnating compound layer 2, immersing the glass sheet into the impregnating compound for 5min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ for 5min.
Step 3: preparing a shear strength sample, placing a glass sheet coated with an impregnating compound into the die 4, injecting nylon thermoplastic resin into the die 4 by an injection molding machine, maintaining the pressure at 260 ℃ for 10s, cooling and demolding, wherein the size of the resin layer 1 is 10 multiplied by 5mm, and the interface bonding area is 100mm 2 A simulated ECT glass fiber and nylon resin interfacial shear strength specimen was obtained.
Loading the sample into the device, fixing the sample between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 6 through bolts, and then testing the interface bonding strength between the glass plate and the resin plate through compression, wherein the compression cutting speed is 1mm/min; the number of tests was 5.
And when the test sample is prepared, the method further comprises the step of scraping the exposed impregnating compound layer on the connecting surface of the glass layer, so that the smoothness of the connecting surface of the glass layer is ensured, and the inaccuracy of the test caused by the situation of resisting shearing force due to the uneven structure is avoided.
The test results for examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
from the above examples, it was found that the interfacial strength of the epoxy resin and nylon with glass was 48.37MPa and 4.89MPa, respectively, and the corresponding discrete coefficients were less than 10%. The foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and practiced in numerous ways within the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a sample for simulate glass fiber and resin interface shear strength test, its characterized in that, including glass layer and the resin layer that is parallel arrangement's glass fiber raw yarn and make, set up a sizing layer between glass layer and the resin layer, the glass layer orientation the one side of sizing layer is the glass layer junction surface, this glass layer junction surface fixed connection sizing layer, the resin layer orientation the one side of sizing layer is the resin layer junction surface, this resin layer junction surface fixed connection sizing layer.
2. The test specimen according to claim 1, wherein the glass layer, the sizing agent layer, and the resin layer are provided in the same width, the sizing agent layer and the resin layer are provided in the same length, and the length of the glass layer is greater than the length of the sizing agent layer.
3. The specimen of claim 2 wherein the sizing layer is located at a location intermediate the glass layers along their length.
4. A method of preparing the test sample of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: melting glass fiber raw yarns serving as raw materials into glass sheets to form a glass layer, cleaning the surface of the glass layer by deionized water, and then drying;
s2: preparation of the impregnating agent layer: immersing the glass layer in an impregnating compound for 1-10min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 110-130 ℃ for 5-120 min;
s3: and placing the glass layer coated with the impregnating compound into a mold, injecting thermoplastic resin into the mold by an injection molding machine, or injecting thermosetting resin into the mold by a vacuum injection method, solidifying to form the resin layer, and cooling and demolding to prepare the sample.
5. A method of preparing a sample according to any one of claims 2 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1: melting glass fiber raw yarns serving as raw materials into glass sheets to form a glass layer, cleaning the surface of the glass layer by deionized water, and then drying;
s2: preparation of the impregnating agent layer: immersing the glass layer in an impregnating compound for 1-10min, taking out, airing, and drying in an oven at 110-130 ℃ for 5-120 min;
s3: placing the glass layer coated with the impregnating compound into a mold, injecting thermoplastic resin into the mold by an injection molding machine, or injecting thermosetting resin into the mold by a vacuum injection method, solidifying to form the resin layer, and cooling and demolding to prepare the sample;
s4: and (3) scraping the exposed impregnating compound layer on the glass layer connecting surface of the sample obtained in the step (S3).
6. A method of testing the interfacial shear strength of glass fibers and resins using the test specimen of claim 1, comprising:
and applying shearing force in opposite directions to the glass layer and the resin layer of the sample to obtain a critical value F for the shear damage of the glass layer and the resin layer, and obtaining an interface bonding area B between the glass layer and the resin layer, wherein the shearing strength is obtained by the following formula:
σ＝F/B。
7. a test pattern, wherein the test pattern is a test pattern for simulating interfacial shear strength between glass fibers and resin using the test specimen of claims 2-3, comprising:
and applying shearing force in opposite directions to the glass layer and the resin layer of the sample to obtain a critical value F for the shear damage of the glass layer and the resin layer, and obtaining an interface bonding area B between the glass layer and the resin layer, wherein the shearing strength is obtained by the following formula:
σ＝F/B。
8. the device for implementing the testing method according to claim 7, comprising a movable plate and a fixed plate which are arranged in the vertical direction in use and are arranged in the left-right direction at intervals, wherein a plurality of opposite through holes in the horizontal direction are formed in the movable plate and the fixed plate for corresponding bolts to pass through, the movable plate can be fixedly connected to the fixed plate, a space is reserved between the movable plate and the fixed plate when the movable plate and the fixed plate are connected through the bolts, the distance between the movable plate and the fixed plate in the left-right direction is equal to the thickness of the glass layer, the length direction of the glass layer is arranged in the vertical direction and the glass layer is inserted in the space in the testing process, and the impregnating compound layer and the resin layer are lapped on the top end of the movable plate.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a groove extending in a vertical direction is formed in the fixing plate at a position corresponding to the glass layer, the groove having a width matching the width of the glass layer and a depth smaller than the height of the glass layer, such that a part of the glass layer is located in the groove, the groove forming a part of the space.
10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a base disposed in a horizontal direction, the bottom end of the fixing plate being placed on the base and the two being fixedly connected by a fixing screw.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410023613.0A CN117825125A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Sample, preparation method thereof, testing method and device for implementing testing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410023613.0A CN117825125A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Sample, preparation method thereof, testing method and device for implementing testing method |
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| CN117825125A true CN117825125A (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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| CN202410023613.0A Pending CN117825125A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Sample, preparation method thereof, testing method and device for implementing testing method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117825125A (en) |
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- 2024-01-08 CN CN202410023613.0A patent/CN117825125A/en active Pending
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