CN1178210A - Porous prilled ammonium nitrate - Google Patents
Porous prilled ammonium nitrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN1178210A CN1178210A CN 97121387 CN97121387A CN1178210A CN 1178210 A CN1178210 A CN 1178210A CN 97121387 CN97121387 CN 97121387 CN 97121387 A CN97121387 A CN 97121387A CN 1178210 A CN1178210 A CN 1178210A
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- ammonium nitrate
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Abstract
A porous prilled product, especially an ammonium nitrate is disclosed which is in the form of a crystalline matrix that has hollow microspheres incorporated in the matrix in a concentration of from 0.01 to 500 parts per million. A method for producing the aforesaid product is also disclosed in which the microspheres are incorporated in the ammonium nitrate during the prilling of the latter.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of porous and granular goods, particularly a kind of ammonium nitrate.
In this manual, term ＂ porous and granular ＂ is meant a kind of granulated product, and when this product was ammonium nitrate, the water that comprises was less than 0.5% in mass.Most preferably less than 0.2%.
Ammonium nitrate is generally a kind of composition in the used blasting explosives composition of mining industry.
For example, ammonium nitrate mixes with oil fuel to form and is called the blasting explosives composition of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), and no matter whether adds aforesaid oil fuel, and this ammonium nitrate has just formed heavy ANFO as long as mix with a kind of emulsion.
Owing to cost-efficient reason and/or in order to control total explosive power of a certain specified quantitative explosive, would rather want a kind of low-density ammonium nitrate granule usually, and design the method for several this kind of production products.General these methods all relate to granulates the ammonium nitrate solution of lower concentration.
In a kind of method for updating, by being that the ammonium nitrate particulate of 0.05-10% comes a kind of composition such as tiny balloon that reduces density of engrain (ingraining) to reach this low density with about mass concentration.
Because the increase of microballoon concentration will cause output particulate density to reduce, it is favourable adopting the concentration away from aforementioned concentration range lower bound.
The applicant finds, adopts a kind of this very explosive of the product of lower concentration microballoon that contains that comprises, can obtain some favourable blast effectiveness, and purpose of the present invention just provides this product and preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a kind of porous and granular product, the particularly ammonium nitrate of crystal matrix form, it has, and to be blended in concentration in the matrix be 0.01/1000000th to 500 tiny balloon.
In addition, according to the present invention, this porous and granular product comprises ammonium nitrate.
The applicant finds, when this product is compared with the analogous products that do not comprise this kind microballoon, this product not only has lower density when keeping acceptable physical strength, and microballoon makes explosive compositions have very high sensitivity as ANFO or the heavy ANFO that comprises this product to the blast of detonating.
The existence of microballoon has also improved the consistence of blast process, because the process of blast is faster fully from detonating to producing.When also finding to be used in this product in the perimeter blasting in tunnel and the ground blasting, different with standard prod, will cause acceptable blast back effect.Because blast fully, the NOx that produces because of the part blast in ground blasting has also disappeared.
Significant be, though the upper limit concentration of microballoon approaches lower bound in aforementioned its method more early in the product according to the present invention, but those general technician in this area that know these early stage methods can't attempt concentration is dropped to so low, because he can notice such fact: can not reach the target of early stage method with the microballoon of lower concentration like this, promptly the pellet density of Sheng Chaning is lower than the density of standard.
Therefore, to those skilled in the art, adopt the enhanced blast effectiveness that blasting explosives composition obtained that contains according to low microballoon concentration product of the present invention to be all beyond one's expectations.
In addition, according to the present invention, microballoon can comprise one of following at least material: polymer drops; Glass sphere; Hollow metal sphere; Natural porous mass is as perlite; Cenosphere is as flyash or similar material.
Microballoon is preferably in has following physical property in the finished product:
Size: 5-1500 micron
Density range: 0.015-0.39 gram per centimeter
3
Temperature stability: under treatment temp 130-170 ℃ one section stable between enough, with
Just finish the granulation in the granulating process.
Rupture strength: can withstand 100 kilograms per centimeter at least
2Pressure, or dashing
Can recover its shape after hitting distortion.
Significant be that when microballoon is made up of polymer drops, selected polymer drops will expand into the size of above regulation in the pelletization of ammonium nitrate.
The best microballoon that is made of polymer microballoon, the size in a shape product is between 2.0 to 150 microns.
The applicant has been found that the product that is called Expancel 910 is particularly useful in this regard, although scope of the present invention is not limited to this compound.
Expancel 910 is made of tiny balloon, and the shell of this microballoon is made of vinyl cyanide and polyvinylidene chloride copolymer, comprising suitable hydro carbons, as Trimethylmethane.Under granulation condition described below, microballoon expand into about 50 microns size.Though these spheroids will shrink under the influence of shockwave, they restore to the original state again subsequently.
In addition, also comprise Wingdale according to ammonium nitrate of the present invention.
In a kind of preferred form of ammonium nitrate of the present invention, may comprise that mass percent is 70% to 99.9% the ammonium nitrate that contains above-mentioned microballoon, and comprise that mass percent is 30% to 0.1% Wingdale.
In addition, according to the present invention, by add gas in pelletization, the porousness of ammonium nitrate can be further strengthened.
The applicant has been found that: the passage that produces in ammonium nitrate by adding gas can improve the porosity of this product and its physical strength do not had a negative impact.
In addition, according to the present invention, this gas is to prepare at the scene in ammonium nitrate through suitable chemical reaction.
In addition, according to the present invention, the carbonic acid gas that this gas forms by decompose suitable carbonate in acidic medium constitutes.
This carbonate can be made of any suitable water-soluble inorganic carbonate such as salt of wormwood and/or yellow soda ash, also can be made of a kind of little soluble salt.
Significant be that ammonium nitrate always contains some acidic substance, the carbonate reaction of these acidic substance and adding produces carbonic acid gas.
Preferably carbonate is the salt of wormwood formation of 0.01% to 1.00% (mass percent) by the concentration that is present in the product.
The applicant finds, by the crystal denaturing agent of the formed saltpetre of nitric acid reaction that exists in salt of wormwood that adds and the ammonium nitrate as ammonium nitrate, so just increased the physical strength of ammonium nitrate and increased II N-type waferN form and III N-type waferN form between crystalline transformation temperature (32 degrees centigrade).
According to the present invention, ammonium nitrate can comprise and is used for hardening the ammonium nitrate surface colloid silica.
According to the present invention, by in the ammonium nitrate of not granulating, add enough concentration, preferably mass percent provides colloid silica for 0.1% to 10% silicic acid and/or poly-silicic acid and/or water glass, to guarantee gratifying fragility and rupture strength.
Also comprise a kind of explosive compositions, particularly ANFO and/or heavy ANFO within the scope of the invention, this blasting explosives composition comprises the granulated ammonium nitrate products that contains microballoon according to of the present invention.
The applicant finds that the enhanced characteristic of aforesaid this product can reach behind strength filling ANFO-type explosive, this ANFO type explosive is formed with 94: 6 the mixed that is generally used for this kind explosive by porous particle and oil fuel.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of and make the porous and granular product, particularly make the method for ammonium nitrate, be included in and add the step that concentration is 0.01/1000000th to 500 tiny balloon in the process that this product is granulated.
In addition, according to the present invention, this porous and granular product is made of ammonium nitrate.
Preferably this tiny balloon comprises at least a above-described product.
According to this design of the present invention, in the pelletization, be divided into the drop part at liquid product and add microballoon.
When adopting polymer microballoon, this design is used for making these microballoons the shortest by the time that high temperature influenced in the granulating process.
When adopting other microballoon, previous designs is used for reducing the time that these microballoons are acted on by any aqueous acidic material that may exist.
Aforesaid adding part can be positioned at:
(a) in the center of tradition granulation hopper;
(b) at the stem place of granulation nozzle component (spray hair style);
(c) when adopting refining pot granulate material (pan granulated material), in injection place;
In addition, the method according to this invention also comprise granulate before in the step of any convenience of technical process adding carbonate and/or colloid silica in without the ammonium nitrate of granulating, producing gas from carbonate preferably occurs in before the droplet solidification, its mode preferably makes bubble tiny and even, and the release of gas is too not fast.
For example when traditional granulation shower nozzle or revolving hopper were used to granulate operation, carbonate can be imported by the atomizer between the entrance and exit of this equipment.
Now will be and be described the embodiment of the method according to this invention with reference to the accompanying drawings with the form of example, this accompanying drawing is a longitudinal profile diagrammatic sketch that is adapted to carry out the equipment of the inventive method.
In this device, traditional coniform (spray header) granulation shower nozzle 10 is used for ammonium nitrate is granulated.Shower nozzle 10 has a round shape input tube 11, and the ammonium nitrate solution of need granulating is fed into the diffuser plate 12 and 13 places of two horizontal expansions that separate by this pipe, and passes through with the form of ammonium nitrate drop 16 through 100 microns filter screen 14 and shower plate 15.
Needed microballoon and/or solution of potassium carbonate flow through pipe 17 by import 18 in technological process, enter the ammonium nitrate atomizer through exporting 19 forms with atomizing from atomizer 20, and it flows to diffuser plate 13 from diffuser plate 12.
Though needed colloid silica can directly be added in the nitrate solution before granulating in this technological process, preferable method is preparation colloid silica solution and separately this solution maybe 11 is joined this solution in the granulation shower nozzle 10 through entering the mouth with carbonate solution.
A kind of mode that adds silicon-dioxide in back has prevented the silicon-dioxide gelling and has blocked treatment facility in the pelletization.
The particle that forms is made of the crystalline matrix of the ammonium nitrate that is mixed with microballoon.
Table 1 has reflected some characteristics according to product of the present invention:
Table 1
Microballoon (the density (3) after 1,000,000 parts of pellet density crushing strengths (1) fragility (2) filling
In contained umber) g/cm
3Kg (%) g/cm
3
0 (standard) 0.760 1.1 2.4 1.05
2
(4) 0.760 1.1 2.5 1.04
Annotate:
(1) this is the required load in kilogram that applies of crushed particles;
(2) represent particle that air is steamed jet and the resistivity of the wearing and tearing that cause, the grain breakage per-cent that expression is caused by the friction that is produced;
(3) representative is when containing the particulate blasting explosives composition and be packed into borehole by strength, the density that particle increased;
(4) it should be noted that the physical properties of particle integral body does not almost change behind the microballoon that adds 2ppm.
Can use conventional methods the blasting explosives composition of making typical 94: 6 ANFO type according to product of the present invention.
Table 2 has reflected the blast effectiveness that this blasting explosives composition obtained.
Table 2
Product detonator intensity
(1)Critical diameter
(2)VOD
(3,4,5)210 millimeters
The VOD of diameter
(6)
22 millimeters 3400-3600 meter per second 4300 meter per seconds of standard P PAN 8D
Improve 16 millimeters 3300-3600 meter per seconds of PPAN 6D (not measuring)
Annotate:
(1) this numerical value relates to the minimum number of the ANFO that detonates.This detonator contains following explosive (about quantity):
Quantity tetranitro-pentaerythrite master fills out the medicine batching of detonating
400 milligrams 100 milligrams of 6D
800 milligrams 100 milligrams of 8D
Sensitivity is sealed in the powder charges at 26 millimeters and is measured, and strength filling is adopted in this powder charge, adopts the South Africa gold and the obstruction in the platinum ore of narrow vein and digs the equipment and the operational condition of cutting a hole operation.
(2) critical diameter is defined as the minimum filling of the explosive diameter that can blast by the ＂ explosive ＂ first version of Meyer in Verlay Chemie.Critical diameter is to fill out measured for the enclosed appts that adopts the strength filling.
(3) detonation velocity (VOD) is defined as detonation propagation speed in the blast by the data identical with (1).It is expressed as the length in the unit time, i.e. meter per second.
(4) described VOD is 26 mm dias sealing powder charge, adopts the strength filling.
(5) scope of VOD value is obtained by various packing densities, and this packing density depends on the pressure of strength filling device in the filling process.
(6) when the explosion sandstone, the VOD of medicine is filled out in 210 mm dias of packing into boring.
(7) improved PPAN is a kind of ammonium nitrate granule, and it contains 2/1000000ths EXPANCEL910 microballoon.
Notice by table 2, highly sensitive to what detonate under the charging condition that the mensuration process is adopted in the sensitivity of standard, and the critical diameter of this product is littler.Detonation velocity according to composition of the present invention is lower than standard usually.
According to the transporting method of recommending by United Nations that relates to hazardous product, the sensitivity of mechanical handling is tested, find that product of the present invention compares equally matched with standard.
The applicant finds; according to the ANFO explosive that the invention provides a kind of safety and high efficiency, low cost; load in the very wide mobility scale of pressure at perforation diameter and strength; this explosive has showed enhanced detonate sensitivity and consistent detonation velocity, and the benefit of an observed key is protective condition that significantly improves and the safe operation environment that therefore obtains when adopting this explosive in [underground.In surface applications, observed good blast effectiveness, during especially for the application of needs, as wellhole blasting or when being used on the highly broken or very strong material.
Equally, for heavy ANFO, the blast sensitivity of product of the present invention surpasses known system.This be because the performance of heavy ANFO system depend on fully when being subjected to quiet during with velocity pressure, the sensitivity of composition.
Undoubtedly, significant is: also have much product innovation of the present invention and method are carried out improved possibility on the details, and do not deviate from the spirit and/or the scope of claim.
Claims (23)
1. a porous and granular product, particularly ammonium nitrate, its form is crystalline matrix, is mixed with concentration and is 0.01/1000000th to 500 tiny balloon in this matrix.
2. according to the porous and granular product of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises ammonium nitrate.
3. according to the product of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that microballoon comprises following at least a kind of material: polymer drops; Glass sphere; Hollow metal sphere; Natural porous mass is as perlite; Cenosphere is as flyash or similar material.
4. according to the product of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: microballoon has following physical property in the finished product:
Size: 5-1500 micron
Density range: 0.015-0.39 gram per centimeter
3
Temperature stability: under treatment temp 130-170 ℃ at one section when enough
Between stable so that finish granulation in the granulating process
Rupture strength: can withstand 100 kilograms per centimeter at least
2Pressure, or
After shock-produced deformation, can recover its shape.
5. according to the product of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: described microballoon comprises polymer microballoon, and its size in granulated product is between 2.0 to 150 microns.
6. according to the product of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: microballoon is included in the product that is called Expancel 910 on the market.
7. according to the product of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: it also comprises Wingdale.
8. according to the product of claim 7, it is characterized in that: it comprises the ammonium nitrate of from 70.0% to 99.9% (mass percent) and the Wingdale of from 30.0% to 0.1% (mass percent).
9. according to the product of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: in the pelletization of ammonium nitrate, be passed into gas.
10. according to the product of claim 9, it is characterized in that this gas in ammonium nitrate through the chemical reaction on-site preparation.
11., it is characterized in that gas comprises the carbonic acid gas that forms by the decomposition of carbonate in acidic medium according to the product of claim 9 or 10.
12. the product according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the concentration that this carbonate is included in the product is the salt of wormwood of 0.01-1.00% (mass percent).
13. the product according to aforementioned arbitrary claim is characterized in that: it also comprises colloid silica.
14. product according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: by in the ammonium nitrate of not granulating, add enough concentration, preferably mass percent provides colloid silica for 0.1% to 10% silicic acid and/or poly-silicic acid and/or water glass, to guarantee gratifying fragility and rupture strength.
15. a blasting explosives composition, particularly ANFO and/or heavy ANFO, it comprises the product of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
16. make the porous and granular product, particularly make the method for ammonium nitrate for one kind, be included in and add the step that concentration is 0.01/1000000th to 500 tiny balloon in the process that this product is granulated.
17. the method according to claim 16 is characterized in that: microballoon comprises following at least a kind of material: polymer drops; Glass sphere; Hollow metal sphere; Natural porous mass is as perlite; Cenosphere is as flyash or similar material.
18. the method according to claim 16 or 17 is characterized in that: microballoon is divided into the adding of drop part at liquid product in the pelletization.
19. the method according to claim 18 is characterized in that: add part and comprise following arbitrary place:
(a) in the center of tradition granulation hopper;
(b) at the stem place of granulation nozzle component (spray header);
(c) when adopting refining pot granulate material, in injection place;
20. the method for arbitrary claim according to from 16 to 19, it is characterized in that it comprises, before granulating in the step of any convenience of technical process adding carbonate and/or colloid silica in without the ammonium nitrate of granulating, the gas that produces from carbonate preferably occurs in before the droplet solidification, its mode preferably makes bubble tiny and even, and the release of gas is too not fast.
21. one kind basically as the described porous particle product of embodiment.
22. the blasting explosives composition as ANFO and/or heavy ANFO comprises the porous and granular product of claim 21.
23. one kind basically as the method for embodiment and/or the described manufacturing porous and granular of accompanying drawing product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97121387 CN1178210A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Porous prilled ammonium nitrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA967922 | 1996-09-19 | ||
| CN 97121387 CN1178210A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Porous prilled ammonium nitrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1178210A true CN1178210A (en) | 1998-04-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97121387 Pending CN1178210A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Porous prilled ammonium nitrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1178210A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102432406A (en) * | 2011-09-17 | 2012-05-02 | 西安科技大学 | Energy-containing material |
| CN102824877A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-19 | 天脊煤化工集团股份有限公司 | Spraying nozzle for spraying and granulating ammonium salt |
| CN104496732A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 陈安琪 | Slow combustion agent |
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 CN CN 97121387 patent/CN1178210A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102432406A (en) * | 2011-09-17 | 2012-05-02 | 西安科技大学 | Energy-containing material |
| CN102432406B (en) * | 2011-09-17 | 2013-02-27 | 西安科技大学 | Energy-containing material |
| CN102824877A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-19 | 天脊煤化工集团股份有限公司 | Spraying nozzle for spraying and granulating ammonium salt |
| CN104496732A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 陈安琪 | Slow combustion agent |
| CN104496732B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-03-15 | 陈安琪 | Incendiary agent at a slow speed |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |